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Costiniuk CT, Lee T, Singer J, Galipeau Y, Arnold C, Langlois MA, Needham J, Jenabian MA, Burchell AN, Samji H, Chambers C, Walmsley S, Ostrowski M, Kovacs C, Tan DHS, Harris M, Hull M, Brumme ZL, Lapointe HR, Brockman MA, Margolese S, Mandarino E, Samarani S, Lebouché B, Angel JB, Routy JP, Cooper CL, Anis AH. Correlates of Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infections in People with HIV: Results from the CIHR CTN 328 Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:447. [PMID: 38793698 PMCID: PMC11125718 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12050447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 breakthrough infection (BTI) can occur despite vaccination. Using a multi-centre, prospective, observational Canadian cohort of people with HIV (PWH) receiving ≥2 COVID-19 vaccines, we compared the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific IgG levels 3 and 6 months post second dose, as well as 1 month post third dose, in PWH with and without BTI. BTI was defined as positivity based on self-report measures (data up to last study visit) or IgG data (up to 1 month post dose 3). The self-report measures were based on their symptoms and either a positive PCR or rapid antigen test. The analysis was restricted to persons without previous COVID-19 infection. Persons without BTI remained COVID-19-naïve until ≥3 months following the third dose. Of 289 participants, 92 developed BTI (31.5 infections per 100 person-years). The median days between last vaccination and BTI was 128 (IQR 67, 176), with the most cases occurring between the third and fourth dose (n = 59), corresponding to the Omicron wave. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, race, multimorbidity, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes and obesity, a lower IgG S/RBD (log10 BAU/mL) at 1 month post dose 3 was significantly associated with BTI, suggesting that a lower IgG level at this time point may predict BTI in this cohort of PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia T. Costiniuk
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital—Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.S.); (B.L.); (J.-P.R.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Terry Lee
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (T.L.); (J.N.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (A.H.A.)
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (T.L.); (J.N.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (A.H.A.)
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yannick Galipeau
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Y.G.); (C.A.); (M.-A.L.); (J.B.A.)
| | - Corey Arnold
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Y.G.); (C.A.); (M.-A.L.); (J.B.A.)
| | - Marc-André Langlois
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Y.G.); (C.A.); (M.-A.L.); (J.B.A.)
| | - Judy Needham
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (T.L.); (J.N.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (A.H.A.)
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Ali Jenabian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 1Y4, Canada;
| | - Ann N. Burchell
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada;
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada;
| | - Hasina Samji
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (H.S.); (Z.L.B.); (M.A.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
| | - Catharine Chambers
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3M7, Canada;
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
| | - Sharon Walmsley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada;
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Clinical Sciences Division, Department of Immunology, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
| | - Colin Kovacs
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada;
| | - Darrell H. S. Tan
- MAP Centre for Urban Health Solutions, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada;
- Institute of Public Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M6, Canada
| | - Marianne Harris
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (M.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mark Hull
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (M.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Zabrina L. Brumme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (H.S.); (Z.L.B.); (M.A.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (M.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Hope R. Lapointe
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (M.H.); (M.H.)
| | - Mark A. Brockman
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; (H.S.); (Z.L.B.); (M.A.B.)
- British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (M.H.); (M.H.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Shari Margolese
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (T.L.); (J.N.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Enrico Mandarino
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (T.L.); (J.N.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Suzanne Samarani
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital—Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.S.); (B.L.); (J.-P.R.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bertrand Lebouché
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital—Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.S.); (B.L.); (J.-P.R.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3S 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jonathan B. Angel
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada; (Y.G.); (C.A.); (M.-A.L.); (J.B.A.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Jean-Pierre Routy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital—Glen Site, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; (S.S.); (B.L.); (J.-P.R.)
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Curtis L. Cooper
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada;
| | - Aslam H. Anis
- CIHR Canadian HIV Trials Network (CTN), Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada; (T.L.); (J.N.); (S.M.); (E.M.); (A.H.A.)
- Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6Z 1Y6, Canada
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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Perera DJ, Koger-Pease C, Paulini K, Daoudi M, Ndao M. Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0009823. [PMID: 38319102 PMCID: PMC10938899 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00098-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth Schistosoma spp. and has the second highest global impact of all parasites. Schistosoma are transmitted through contact with contaminated fresh water predominantly in Africa, Asia, the Middle East, and South America. Due to the widespread prevalence of Schistosoma, co-infection with other infectious agents is common but often poorly described. Herein, we review recent literature describing the impact of Schistosoma co-infection between species and Schistosoma co-infection with blood-borne protozoa, soil-transmitted helminths, various intestinal protozoa, Mycobacterium, Salmonella, various urinary tract infection-causing agents, and viral pathogens. In each case, disease severity and, of particular interest, the immune landscape, are altered as a consequence of co-infection. Understanding the impact of schistosomiasis co-infections will be important when considering treatment strategies and vaccine development moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilhan J. Perera
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cal Koger-Pease
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kayla Paulini
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mohamed Daoudi
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Momar Ndao
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- National Reference Centre for Parasitology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
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