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Cho E, McCarthy MV, Hodkiewicz V, Rumps MV, Mulcahey MK. Gender Disparity in Authorship Among Orthopaedic Surgery Residents. JB JS Open Access 2024; 9:e24.00061. [PMID: 39045396 PMCID: PMC11262817 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.24.00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gender disparity remains pervasive in orthopaedic surgery, which affects the research pursuits of orthopaedic surgeons. The purpose of this study was to characterize gender-related authorship trends of orthopaedic surgery residents, including evaluation of gender-concordant publication rates. Methods An observational cross-sectional analysis of US orthopaedic surgery residency programs was performed. Information on residency programs and demographics of each cohort was collected. Publication metrics consisting of number of first and non-first author publications and H-indices were manually obtained for PGY-3 to PGY-5 residents attending the 25 programs ranked the highest for research output by Doximity. Gender of each resident and senior author was determined from institutional websites using photos, biographies, and preferred pronouns when available. Results A total of 532 residents, 169 (31.8%) female and 363 (68.2%) male, were included for authorship analysis. Of them, 415 (78%) had at least one first author publication, which did not vary significantly by gender. Female residents had disproportionately fewer first author publications compared with their representation (22% vs. 31.8%, p < 0.00001). Female residents averaged fewer first and non-first author publications compared with male residents (2.8 vs. 4.6, p = 0.0003; 6.4 vs. 10, p = 0.0001 respectively). Despite fewer publications overall, a greater subset of publications by female residents were written in collaboration with a female senior author compared with publications by male residents (p < 0.0001). Male residents had a higher average H-index of 5.4 vs. 3.9 among female residents (p = 0.00007). Conclusion Despite similar rates of first author publication among male and female residents, female residents had fewer publications overall, lower H-indices, and disproportionately fewer first author publications than would be expected given their representation. Findings from this study suggest that gender disparity in orthopaedic surgery extends to differences in research productivity as early as in residency. This may have negative implications on the career advancement of female orthopaedic surgeons. Additional work is needed to identify and understand biases in research productivity and career advancement, to promote more equitable strategies for academic achievement. Level of Evidence IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Mary V. McCarthy
- Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | | | - Mia V. Rumps
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Mary K. Mulcahey
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois
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Grant C, Stauffer TP, Seyler TM, Wu CJ, Hinton ZW. Gender Trends in Authorship in 6 Major Orthopaedic Journals. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2024; 106:625-630. [PMID: 38194590 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.23.00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Historically, orthopaedic surgery has had low female representation, with <6% of practicing surgeons identifying as female. Although prior literature has illustrated gender disparities in first and last authorship as well as changes in gender representation over time, less attention has been paid to middle authorship. We hypothesized that trends in female authorship would reflect increasing female participation in orthopaedic surgery and orthopaedic subspecialties coinciding with an overall increase in female authorship. METHODS Bibliometric information from articles published between 2011 and 2021 in 6 orthopaedic journals was extracted with use of the Web of Science. Collected data included author order, author names, affiliation, and corresponding author address. A gender was assigned with the use of Genderize.io, which is validated software, on the basis of author first name. Statistical analysis was performed with use of an analysis of variance for each journal, and linear regression was performed to determine trends, controlling for year. RESULTS Among all included orthopaedic journals, female middle authorship increased by 5 percentage points, female first authorship increased by 4 percentage points, and female last authorship increased by 1 percentage point. Over the study period, the highest rate of female middle authorship (28%) was seen in the Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, whereas the lowest rate (16%) was seen in The Journal of Arthroplasty . We found that the 5 highest-producing female last authors were, on average, cited significantly less per publication than their male counterparts in all but 2 journals. CONCLUSIONS Gender gaps exist within orthopaedic surgery as well as within its body of literature. Although this study highlights areas of growth, it also promotes further inquiry into research productivity and the availability of opportunity within orthopaedic surgery as a whole. The increase in female middle authorship overall and in each journal demonstrates momentum for future growth for women in the field of orthopaedic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Grant
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | | | - Zoe W Hinton
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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3
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Johnson EE, Ode GE, Ireland ML, Middleton K, Hammoud S. Gender Equity Efforts in Sports Medicine. Clin Sports Med 2024; 43:221-232. [PMID: 38383105 DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Great progress has been made toward gender equality in athletics, whereas true equality has not yet been realized. Concurrently, women orthopedists along with advocate men have paved the way toward gender equity in orthopedics as a whole and more specifically in sports medicine. The barriers that contribute to gender disparities include lack of exposure, lack of mentorship, stunted career development, childbearing considerations and implicit gender bias and overt gender discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriella E Ode
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kellie Middleton
- Northside Hospital Orthopaedic Institute, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
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4
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Ozdag Y, Luciani AM, Foster BK, Baylor JL, Hayes DS, Gabelus S, Grandizio LC. Orthopaedic Research Consortiums: A Review of Scope, Sex and Racial Representation. Cureus 2024; 16:e55859. [PMID: 38590506 PMCID: PMC11001478 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The creation of research groups and consortiums has become more common in all medical and surgical specialities. The purpose of this investigation was to assess and describe collaborative research groups and consortiums within orthopaedic surgery. In addition, we aimed to define the demographics of the research consortium members with particular attention to female and minority members. Methods Journals with a musculoskeletal/orthopaedic focus and a few medical journals were selected to identify articles published by research groups and consortiums. Articles published from 2020 to 2022 were manually reviewed. Bibliographic information, author information and level of evidence (LOE) were recorded. For identified consortium members, sex and race were defined in a binary manner. Results A total of 92 research consortiums were identified. A list of members was identified for 77 groups (83.7%), totalling 2,260 researchers. The remaining group members were not able to be identified due to the lack of information in the included publications, research group websites or after communicating with the corresponding author for respective articles. Most researchers were male (n=1,748, 77.3%) and white (n=1,694, 75%). Orthopaedic surgeons comprised 1,613 (71.4%) identified researchers. The most common fellowship training for orthopaedic surgeons was paediatrics (n=370, 16.4%), trauma (n=266, 11.8%) and sports medicine (n=229, 10.1%). The consortiums published 261 articles: women were lead (first) authors in 23% and senior (last) authors in 11.1%. Non-white researchers were lead authors in 24.5% (n=64) and senior authors in 17.2% (n=45). The most common level of evidence was level 3, accounting for 45.6% (n=119) of all publications. Level 1 evidence accounted for 12.6% (n=33) of published articles. Discussion Representation of women in orthopaedic research consortiums exceeds their representation in almost every orthopaedic professional society. There is less publicly available data to compare the involvement of under-represented minorities (URMs) in research consortiums to general practice. Further investigations should analyse possible avenues in which gender and racial disparity could be improved within orthopaedic surgery research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagiz Ozdag
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
| | | | - Brian K Foster
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Hayes
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, USA
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Burkhart RJ, Karimi AH, Hecht CJ, Avila A, Acuña AJ, Kamath AF. What Are the Trends in Women's Representation Among Lead Investigators of Orthopaedic Clinical Trials? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2024; 482:35-44. [PMID: 37493365 PMCID: PMC10723871 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000002769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serving as a principal investigator for a clinical trial can bring national visibility and recognition to physicians, and it can have a substantial impact on their promotion and tenure. In the field of orthopaedics, there is a well-known gender gap in terms of representation and leadership. Examining the representation of women in clinical trial leadership may help to inform and enable the design of targeted interventions and policies to foster a more inclusive and diverse environment in clinical trial leadership. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What is the proportion of women principal investigators in orthopaedic clinical trials, and has this changed over time? (2) Are there trial characteristics (trial phase, status, funding source, and intervention) associated with women principal investigators? (3) What is the geographic distribution globally and regionally within the United States of clinical trials led by women principal investigators? METHODS A cross-sectional survey of clinical trials using the ClinialTrials.gov registry and results database provided by the NIH was performed on August 22, 2022. Trial characteristics included principal investigator names and gender, trial phase, type, funding source, intervention, and location (defined by continent and US Census region). Our primary outcome was the overall proportion of women orthopaedic principal investigators over time. We assessed this by comparing the proportion of women principal investigators from 2007 to 2022. Our secondary outcomes were trial characteristics (trial phase, status, funding source, and intervention) and geographic distribution (globally and within the United States) associated with women principal investigators. Baseline characteristics of the clinical trials were calculated using frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. Fisher exact tests were conducted to evaluate differences in gender proportions based on the included clinical trial characteristics. Univariate linear regression was applied to analyze trends in the annual proportion of women principal investigators over time. RESULTS The overall proportion of women principal investigators was 18% (592 of 3246), and this proportion increased over the study period. Specifically, the proportion of women leading clinical trials was 13% (16 of 121) in 2007 and 22% (53 of 242) in 2022 (r 2 = 0.68; p < 0.001). This trend was also observed when evaluating only US women principal investigators (r 2 = 0.47; p = 0.003) and non-US women principal investigators over the study period (r 2 = 0.298; p = 0.03). There was no difference in the distribution of trial phases between men and women principal investigators. Most men and women were involved in "not applicable" or Phase IV trials. Similarly, there was no difference in trial status or funding source. However, women principal investigators had a higher proportion of studies involving behavioral interventions (11% [67 of 592]) compared with men principal investigators (3% [74 of 2654]; p = 0.03). The proportion of women principal investigators over the study period by world region revealed a higher proportion of women principal investigators in Asia (23% [88 of 391]), followed by South America (24% [12 of 49]), North America (18% [306 of 1746]), and Europe (16% [136 of 833]). Among all US trials over the study period, the proportion of women principal investigators across the US Census region was Northeast (19% [62 of 329]), South (18% [90 of 488]), West (20% [97 of 492]), and Midwest (13% [22 of 168]). CONCLUSION Although there has been a notable increase in the proportion of women principal investigators over time, the overall representation remains relatively low. The disparities observed in trial characteristics and geographic distribution of women principal investigators further emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policies to foster a more inclusive and diverse environment in clinical trial leadership. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results underscore the importance of adopting practices and strategies that foster gender equity in the leadership of orthopaedic clinical trials. By establishing mentorship and sponsorship programs, early-career women surgeons can be connected with experienced leaders, cultivating a supportive network and offering valuable career guidance. Additionally, addressing geographic disparities in the representation of women principal investigators can involve the implementation of mentorship and sponsorship programs in regions with lower representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Burkhart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amir H. Karimi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Christian J. Hecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Avila
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alexander J. Acuña
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Atul F. Kamath
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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6
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Qaryouti D, Jibril O, Silva FD, Jain P, Gangu K, Sheikh AB. Gender parity in high impact neurology journals. eNeurologicalSci 2023; 33:100476. [PMID: 37691968 PMCID: PMC10485593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ensci.2023.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although female representation has been growing among physicians, women continue to be underrepresented in neurology, particularly regarding academic research in authorship and leadership. Analyzing recent trends in high-impact neurology journals highlights the underrepresentation of women and helps explore barriers to female representation in academic neurology. Methods and results Journal Citation Reports (JCR) for 2021 was used to screen neurology journals for selection. The first 15 journals with the highest impact factors (JIF) were included. 15,404 total articles in neurology were examined for gender distribution of editorial staff and authorship with the highest total citations from January 1st, 2018 to October 31st, 2021. Gender was classified using biographical information from public and personal media sources. Genderize.io was used in cases of ambiguity, predicting gender at probability of ≥95%. Our data demonstrated that these journals only had 13% female editor-in-chiefs and 35% female editorial staff. The data further demonstrated that females accounted for 39% of first authors and 26% for last authors. During the four years examined males continued to account for the vast majority of both first and last authors for publications accepted and journal editorial staff members. Conclusion Women are significantly under-represented in the field of neurological research in leadership positions as editor-in-chiefs, editorial board members as well as first or senior authors in top neurology medical journals. With continued underrepresentation of women occupying leading publishing roles, parity with men is still a work in progress. Additional work is needed to identify and address barriers to academic advancement for women physicians in academic neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania Qaryouti
- University of Minnesota, Department of Vascular Neurology, 516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Omar Jibril
- University of Minnesota, Department of Internal Medicine, 516 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Floyd D. Silva
- University of New Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Priyanka Jain
- University of New Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
| | - Karthik Gangu
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, 2060 W 39 Ave, Kansas City,KS 66103, USA
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- University of New Mexico, Department of Internal Medicine, 2211 Lomas Blvd NE, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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7
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Vijayakumar V, Babu HF, Karki A, Tyagi R, Macapia M, Zapata KM, Dogiparthi S. Gender Disparity of First Authors in Review Article Publications Related to Schizophrenia. Cureus 2023; 15:e47757. [PMID: 38022213 PMCID: PMC10679790 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic condition that can be diagnosed when certain symptoms, such as disorganized speech, disorganized thoughts, or negative feelings, are present for at least six months in a person's life. Gender equity and representation in academic writing are significant issues that have received more attention recently. Understanding the gender discrepancies in authorship can help researchers studying schizophrenia overcome obstacles and potential biases. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of gender discrepancy among initial authors of articles that focused on schizophrenia and to identify potential causes of such inequalities. A bibliometric analysis of articles related to schizophrenia published from 2019 to 2022 was conducted. The authors' genders were determined through available public records and professional affiliations. The analysis included assessing the proportion of male and female first authors and examining trends over time. A total of 982 articles were included in the analysis. The results revealed a significant gender disparity in first authorship, with a higher representation of male first authors (546, 55.6%) compared to female first authors (436, 44.4%). There is a significant increase in the percentage of female authors from 2019 to 2022 (i.e., from 25% to 48.5%). The number of female and male authors is predicted to remain at a constant from 2023 to 2027, with male authors at 175 and female authors at slightly above 150. The findings of this study underscore the need for continued efforts to address gender imbalances in academic publishing and promote gender equity in the field of schizophrenia research. Recognizing and rectifying these disparities can contribute to a more inclusive and diverse scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vetrivel Vijayakumar
- Internal Medicine, American University of Barbados School of Medicine, Bridgetown, BRB
| | - Hannah Fathima Babu
- Internal Medicine, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, IND
| | - Aakriti Karki
- Internal Medicine, Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical College, Sylhet, BGD
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Family Medicine, Leeds Confederation of General Practitioners, Leeds, GBR
- Family Medicine, Royal College of General Practitioners, London, GBR
| | - Myla Macapia
- Internal Medicine, NYC Traumatic Brain injury Center, New York, USA
| | - Kathryn M Zapata
- Internal Medicine, Ross University School of Medicine, Bridgetown, BRB
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Ojo DE, Martinez VH, Zaheer A, Williamson TK, Baird MD, Dingle M. A 25-Year Analysis of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Research in Orthopaedics Shows Majority Female Authorship and Increasing Gender Parity Research. JB JS Open Access 2023; 8:e23.00073. [PMID: 38028378 PMCID: PMC10673414 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.oa.23.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Orthopaedic surgery is one of the least diverse fields in medicine. In recent decades, there has been a concerted effort to increase diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the specialty, in addition to the institution of several organizations to establish the pipeline and facilitate underrepresented minority students into orthopaedic surgery. The aim of this study was to examine trends in orthopaedic surgery DEI research. Methods A search of DEI articles was conducted in orthopaedic surgery using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Education Resources Information Center. The year of publication, article topic of focus, sex of the primary author, publishing journal, citation index, and primary contributing institution were recorded for each article. Sex of the primary author was predicted by the authors using an online image search of the author and institution. Articles were excluded if the research was conducted outside of the United States or if they were not specific to orthopaedic surgery. Results A total of 143 articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 52.4% of authors (n = 75) were women and 44.1% (n = 63) were men. A total of 42.7% of the articles were written about sex (n = 61), 39.9% about race/ethnicity and sex (n = 57), and 11.9% about race/ethnicity (n = 17). A total of 10 articles were affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis while 51 other institutions wrote the remaining articles, with none having more than 4. Information could not be confirmed for 5 articles. In 2018, 5 articles were published, followed by 17 in 2019, 25 in 2020, 34 in 2021, and 30 in 2022. Conclusion DEI research in orthopaedic surgery is a relatively new venture within the specialty and has room to grow, specifically in the examination of race/ethnicity and inclusion strategies. Leading journals and academic institutions in orthopaedic surgery should incentivize productivity and authorship in DEI research. Level of Evidence III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree E. Ojo
- University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Victor H. Martinez
- University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Aroob Zaheer
- University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Tyler K. Williamson
- University of the Incarnate Word School of Osteopathic Medicine, San Antonio, Texas
| | | | - Marvin Dingle
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
- OrthoCarolina, Carolinas Medical Center/Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina
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Leal J, Clifford AL, Anastasio AT, Dymtruk M, Roach RP. Diversity Within the Field of Orthopedic Sports Medicine: A Systematic Review. JBJS Rev 2023; 11:01874474-202310000-00012. [PMID: 37871155 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.23.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthopedic surgery is among the least diverse specialties in medicine. This systematic review analyzes gender, racial, and ethnic diversity within orthopedic sports medicine and aims to raise awareness and provide guidance for future strategies that support underrepresented minorities in medicine (URMs) and women in joining the orthopedic sports medicine workforce. We hypothesize that at all tiers of training, there is a lack of gender, racial, and ethnic parity in academic rank, leadership positions, and research productivity. METHODS A search of all published literature in the English language from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases, between January 1, 2010, and August 18, 2023, was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Included studies presented demographics regarding diversity within orthopedic sports medicine and provided trends in applicants, attendings, leadership, and/or research. Bias was assessed using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) study checklist. RESULTS Thirteen studies published between 2016 and 2023 with STROBE scores 15.5 to 21.5 (70.5% to 97.7%) met criteria, and pertinent data were extracted. The percent of female orthopedic sports medicine surgeons from 2010 to 2019 increased from 5% (n = 138) to 6% (n = 206) with a compound annual growth rate of 0.2% (r2 = 0.97; p < 0.001). Females and URMs are underrepresented at the highest levels of orthopedic sports medicine leadership including department chair (female: 0% [n = 0]), division chief (female: 4% [n = 4]; URM: 3% [n = 3]), and fellowship director (female: 3.3% [n = 3]; URM: 4.4% [n = 4]). Studies from prominent orthopedic sports medicine journals (American Journal of Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, and Sports Health) show a 12.1% increase in female involvement in orthopedic sports medicine research from 1972 to 2018; however, this increase captures 59.3% (n = 2,953) females with degrees other than an MD. CONCLUSIONS Although increasingly more females and underrepresented minorities are joining orthopedic sports medicine, the rate of diversification remains slow and current involvement in leadership and research is minimal. Targeted efforts aimed at increasing research opportunities and inspiring interest through mentorship for URMs and females in orthopedics is essential to drive change toward parity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV. Systematic Review. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Leal
- College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Albert T Anastasio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael Dymtruk
- Campbell University: School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, North Carolina
| | - Ryan P Roach
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Baylor JL, Luciani AM, Tokash JS, Foster BK, Klena JC, Grandizio LC. Fifty Most-Cited Research Articles in Elbow Surgery: A Modern Reading List. JOURNAL OF HAND SURGERY GLOBAL ONLINE 2023; 5:630-637. [PMID: 37790825 PMCID: PMC10543795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsg.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Bibliometric analysis is a common method for evaluating current trends within a scientific field. The primary aim of this study was to define and analyze the 50 most frequently cited articles in the field of elbow surgery, both of all time and those published during the 21st century. Methods We searched the Journal Citation Report to identify articles related to elbow surgery within academic journals. Articles were sorted by total citations. The overall top 50 articles and those published since 2000 were identified, and data were collected, including title, journal of publication, publication year, country of publication, citation density, level of evidence, article type, institution, and sex of the lead and senior authors, and inclusion on the reference list for the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination within the last 5 years. Descriptive statistics were reported, and correlation analysis was performed using Spearman test. Results For the most-cited elbow surgery articles, "fracture" was overall the most reported topic, whereas "lateral epicondylosis" and "fracture" were equal for those published since 2000. The United States was the most represented overall and for articles published since 2000. Women comprised 1/50 (2%) of lead authors overall, increasing to 8/50 (16%) for articles published during the 21st century. Most articles in during both periods contained level IV evidence, with level I evidence appearing infrequently (4%). Six percent of the most-cited articles of all time had appeared on the reference list of the Orthopaedic In-Training Examination within the past 5 years. Conclusions The top 50 most-cited elbow surgery articles often assess fracture and lateral epicondylosis, most commonly originating from the United States. Level IV retrospective series comprises over half of the articles on this list. Women remain underrepresented as authors. Clinical Relevance This study provides a modern reading list for upper-extremity surgeons about impactful elbow surgery articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Baylor
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA
| | - A. Michael Luciani
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA
| | - Jeremy S. Tokash
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA
| | - Brian K. Foster
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA
| | - Joel C. Klena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA
| | - Louis C. Grandizio
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Geisinger Musculoskeletal Institute, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA
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11
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Ghattas YS, Kyin C, Grise A, Glasser J, Johnson T, Druskovich K, Cannada LK, Service BC. Trends in Female Authorship in Orthopaedic Literature from 2002 to 2021: An Analysis of 168,451 Authors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:1285-1294. [PMID: 37155604 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant gender disparity exists in orthopaedic surgery. While women have increasingly entered the field, we are short of the critical mass needed to drive change, including in authorship. This study aimed to characterize trends in authorship in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals in the context of gender. METHODS This is a cross-sectional bibliometric study of orthopaedic journals in the United States. Articles that were indexed in the orthopaedic category of the Clarivate Journal Citation Report (JCR) and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) were analyzed (n = 82). Journals not originating from the U.S. (n = 43) or not considered primarily orthopaedic journals (n = 13) were excluded. The 2020 impact factors (IFs) of the remaining 26 journals were recorded. The articles underwent automated data collection from PubMed for January 2002 to December 2021 using R software to collect the title, the journal, the publication year, the first and senior author names, and the country of origin. Gender was determined by Gender API ( https://gender-api.com ). Names with <90% accuracy were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 168,451 names were studied, with 85,845 and 82,606 first and senior authors, respectively. Of the first and senior authors, 13.6% and 9.9%, respectively, were female. The proportion of female first authors was significantly greater than the proportion of female senior authors. The average IF was significantly higher for male authors compared with female authors (p < 0.005). Articles with female first authors were significantly more likely to have a female senior author. Orthopaedic subspecialty journals had a smaller proportion of manuscripts authored by female first and senior authors than general journals (p < 0.0001). There were 4,451 articles written by a single author, of which 92% (4,093) were written by a man and 8% (358) were written by a woman. Over the 20-year study period, the proportion of female first authorship exhibited a significant positive trend; however, there was a non-significant increase in female senior authorship. CONCLUSIONS Female representation in orthopaedics has been growing over the past decade. Increasing publication rates of female authors reveal steps toward positive gender equity in the field and present an opportunity for female leadership visibility, illustrating the capabilities of women in orthopaedics and encouraging more women to join the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Kyin
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alison Grise
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jillian Glasser
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Orlando Health Jewett Orthopedic Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Lisa K Cannada
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
- Novant Health Orthopedics, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin C Service
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
- Orlando Health Jewett Orthopedic Institute, Orlando, Florida
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Videckis AJ, Malyavko A, Kraft DB, Tabaie SA. Male Versus Female Authorship in Flagship Pediatric Orthopaedic Journals From 2002 to 2021. J Pediatr Orthop 2023; 43:e493-e497. [PMID: 37037664 DOI: 10.1097/bpo.0000000000002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evolution of female authorship in orthopaedic journals is reportedly rising, however, trends in pediatric orthopaedic publications have not been specifically studied, despite a higher proportion of female pediatric orthopaedic surgeons compared with orthopaedics at large. This study aimed to investigate trends in female first and senior authorship in 3 flagship pediatric orthopaedic journals over the past 20 years. METHODS All manuscripts from the "Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics, Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics Part B, and Journal of Children's Orthopaedics" from 2002 to 2021 were evaluated from Ovid MEDLINE, and the data were extracted. We utilized the sex "Application Program Interface" algorithm to determine the sex of the first and senior authors. χ 2 tests were used to analyze the demographics of the first and senior author cohorts. Fisher exact test was used to assess the trends in male and female authorship, controlling for year and journal. RESULTS Of a total, 5499 individual first authors and 5794 senior authors were identified. Sex was determined for 83.5% of the authors. Female first authorship increased significantly from 2002 to 2021 (8.8% to 22.4%, P < 0.001), with women being more likely to publish as first authors in more recent years in each journal ( P < 0.001). Female senior authorship did not increase significantly over the same time period (10.8% to 12.8%, P = 0.238). There was significantly more male than female first and senior authors for all journals ( P <0.001 for both first and senior authors). CONCLUSIONS While female first authorship in prominent pediatric orthopaedic journals has increased significantly from 2002 to 2021, senior authorship has remained stagnant. In addition, female pediatric orthopaedic surgeons publish at rates lower than their prevalence in the field. This study serves as a benchmark for future studies looking at sex and authorship in hopes of better understanding the underlying complex issues. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Videckis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
| | - Alisa Malyavko
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, George Washington Hospital
| | - Denver B Kraft
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital
| | - Sean A Tabaie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
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Okewunmi J, Kiani SN, Poeran J, Galatz LM. Female Authorship in the US Orthopaedics Literature: A Bibliometric Analysis of Trends. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2023:00124635-990000000-00653. [PMID: 36977130 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-22-00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although orthopaedic surgery continues to be the field with the smallest proportion of women, efforts have been made to increase the gender diversity in the workforce. Some data exist on how this increased female representation manifests itself in research and authorship. However, a comprehensive overview-beyond general orthopaedics journals and including subspecialty journals-is currently missing. The objective of this study was to analyze female authorship trends in four high-impact general orthopaedic journals and the highest impact journal in each orthopaedic subspecialty. METHODS This bibliometric analysis extracted original research articles published from groups within the United States from Medline from January 2011 to December 2020. We included four high-impact general orthopaedic journals and the highest impact journal in eight orthopaedic subspecialties. Authors' gender was determined using the 'gender' R package. We assessed annual proportion of female authors in first authors, last authors, and any author, separately for all included articles and stratified by journal. Authorship was assessed by Cochran-Armitage trend tests. RESULTS There has been increasing female authorship from 2011 to 2020 for female first authors, but not female last authors or total authorship. Of the journals studied, 3 of 12 had a markedly increased percentage of female first authors and 1 of 12 had a markedly increased percentage of female last authors, and there were no journals with an increasing total amount of female total authors. DISCUSSION The increasing trend in female authorship is primarily due to increases in first author publications and is not consistent across subspecialty journals. Future research should identify driving factors for these differences and potential methods to increase representation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Okewunmi
- From the Department of Medical Education, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (Okewunmi and Kiani), the Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Institute for Healthcare Delivery Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (Poeran), the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Leni and Peter W. May, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (Okewunmi, Kiani, Poeran, and Galatz), and the Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY (Poeran)
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Petrechko O, Faturos AS, Pal S, Khan U, Majeed H, Sagheer S, Khalid S, Farook S, Khan S, Shuja H, Zaidi SH, Wasty N, Shekhar R, Sheikh AB. Gender Parity in High Impact Cardiology Journals. Curr Probl Cardiol 2023; 48:101549. [PMID: 36538996 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite increased female representation in medical training, women physicians continue to be under-represented in academic cardiology, particularly in senior roles of authorship and leadership. We analyzed the top 20 most-cited cardiology journals (31,540 total articles) between January 1, 2018 and October 31, 2021 for gender distribution of editorial staff and authorship. Our data demonstrated that only 27% of articles had women as first authors and 20% as senior authors. Women constituted 23% of editorial staff. There is a statistically significant negative correlation (R = 0.67, P = 0.0011) between the percentage of women as first authors and the percentage of men on editorial boards. Overall, female authorship increased from 26% first and 19% senior authors in 2018, to 29% first and 22% senior authors in 2021. Women authors are significantly under-represented in academic cardiology publications, and additional work is needed to identify and address barriers to publishing and academic advancement for women in cardiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Petrechko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM
| | - Andrew S Faturos
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Suman Pal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM
| | - Umair Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM
| | - Harris Majeed
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM.
| | - Shazib Sagheer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM
| | - Subaina Khalid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shanza Farook
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shifa College of Medicine, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburg, PA
| | - Hina Shuja
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Humna Zaidi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Karachi Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Najam Wasty
- Division of Cardiology, New Beth Israel Medical Center, From the University of New Mexico, NJ
| | - Rahul Shekhar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM
| | - Abu Baker Sheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque NM
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Selvakumar S, Zagales I, Newsome K, Spardy J, Santos R, Boneva D, Stein DM, Kornblith L, Bilski T, Elkbuli A. Gender Distribution & Rank of Authorship in Surgical Literature. Am Surg 2022:31348221121536. [PMID: 35976619 DOI: 10.1177/00031348221121536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Authorship of surgical literature is important for the career advancement of surgeons, and gender disparities in authorship may hinder the representation and leadership of women within academic surgery. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the gender distribution of first, senior, and overall authorship in peer-reviewed surgical journal studies across all surgical specialties to determine if disparities exist. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar databases were searched for studies investigating the gender distribution of authorship of surgical literature published before December 10th, 2021. Meta-analysis was performed and Cohen's Q test for heterogenous effects was used to determine whether random or fixed-effects models were appropriate. RESULTS Fifteen studies investigating gender distribution of authorship met inclusion, which included a total of 136,627 pooled studies. The meta-analysis demonstrated the meta-proportion of first authorship for women to be 20.6% (95% CI: 13.9, 28.2), the meta-proportion of senior authorship for women to be 11.9% (95% CI: 6.6, 18.5), and the meta-proportion of overall authorship for women to be 23% (95% CI: 16.2, 30.7). In addition, the proportion of senior authorship for women was found to be significantly lower than the proportion of overall authorship for women (11.9% versus 23.0%, P = .0106). CONCLUSION There is a significantly smaller proportion of women who are first, senior, and overall authors in surgical literature compared to their colleagues who are men. Sustainable and effective solutions aimed at improving the representation of women surgeons in surgical research and research leadership are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Selvakumar
- 2814NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran.C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Israel Zagales
- Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) Escuela de Medicina, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Kevin Newsome
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jeffrey Spardy
- Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Radleigh Santos
- Department of Mathematics, 2814NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Dessy Boneva
- 2814NSU NOVA Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran.C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Deborah M Stein
- 12264University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lucy Kornblith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital & Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tracy Bilski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, 25105Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Surgical Education, 25105Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Adel Elkbuli
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care, 25105Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA.,Department of Surgical Education, 25105Orlando Regional Medical Center, Orlando, FL, USA
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Go B, Suresh N, Go C, Chorath K, Mirza N, Thaler E, Moreira A, Rajasekaran K. Gender analysis of the top classic papers in otolaryngology head and neck surgery. World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/wjo2.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Go
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Neeraj Suresh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Cammille Go
- Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kevin Chorath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Natasha Mirza
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Erica Thaler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Alvaro Moreira
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA
| | - Karthik Rajasekaran
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Leonard Davis Institute of Health Economics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
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Evolution and Trends in Male Versus Female Authorship of Articles in Flagship Orthopaedic Journals From 1995 to 2020. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2022; 30:e878-e885. [PMID: 35262512 DOI: 10.5435/jaaos-d-21-01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The gender disparity in orthopaedic surgery has been recognized for many years. Because research affects promotions, this study investigates trends in female authorship in three journals over the past 25 years for both first and senior authors. METHODS All articles from Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research from 1995 to 2020 in 5-year intervals were downloaded, and the data for first and senior authors were extracted. The sex of the first and senior authors was determined using the validated Genderize algorithm. The demographics of the first and senior author cohorts were analyzed using chi square tests. The trends in female authorship controlling for year and journal were assessed with logistic regression models. RESULTS Within the studied journals, 5,636 individuals were identified as first authors and 4,572 as senior authors. Sex was determined for 82.59% of the authors. Female first authorship increased significantly from 1995 to 2020 (6.70% to 15.37%, P < 0.001). Similarly, female senior authorship increased significantly from 1995 to 2020 (8.22% to 13.65%, P < 0.001). Overall, there was no significant difference in gender composition of authors between journals (P = 0.700 first author and P = 0.098 senior author). Women were much more likely to publish as first or senior author in later years, regardless of the journal (P < 0.001 first author and P < 0.001 senior author). DISCUSSION Female authorship in prominent orthopaedic journals has increased markedly from 1995 to 2020 with interjournal differences in senior author gender disparity. Although female orthopaedic surgeons publish at rates equal to or greater than their representation in the specialty, additional research is needed into the persistence of gender disparities in orthopaedics.
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Female Surgeons for Obesity Treatment: a Snapshot Sampling in Academic Productivity : The Role of Women in Obesity Surgery. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1741-1747. [PMID: 35296967 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-05998-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of females choosing a career in surgery is lower than that of males. Through the Obesity Surgery and SOARD journals of 2018-2020, the number of articles with female first/senior authors was identified and their characteristics were assessed. Almost 40% of the published papers were written by females, being mostly original and from University Hospitals, although the difference in the numbers between journals was prominent (p = 0.011). Articles with a female as first author had a female or male as senior, at a ratio 1:2, while less than 10% of female senior authors had a male as first. The number of females as corresponding authors in SOARD was significantly higher (p < 0.001). The findings of the present study underline the existing gender inequity in bariatric surgery.
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Mowforth OD, Khan DZ, Wong MY, Pickering GAE, Dean L, Magee J, Mullarkey L, Hirayama Y, Rihova M, Butler M, Stewart M, Goulson B, Ahmed S, Fricke K, Popa-Nimigean V, Millar Z, Venkatesh A, Willison A, Senthil K, Hazenbiller O, Sarewitz E, Sadler I, Gronlund T, Tetreault L, Harrop JS, Aarabi B, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Kurpad SN, Guest JD, Wilson JR, Kwon BK, Fehlings MG, McNair AGK, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Gathering Global Perspectives to Establish the Research Priorities and Minimum Data Sets for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: Sampling Strategy of the First Round Consensus Surveys of AO Spine RECODE-DCM. Global Spine J 2022; 12:8S-18S. [PMID: 34879754 PMCID: PMC8859701 DOI: 10.1177/21925682211047546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Survey. INTRODUCTION AO Spine Research Objectives and Common Data Elements for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy (AO Spine RECODE-DCM) is an international initiative that aims to accelerate knowledge discovery and improve outcomes by developing a consensus framework for research. This includes defining the top research priorities, an index term and a minimum data set (core outcome set and core data elements set - core outcome set (COS)/core data elements (CDE)). OBJECTIVE To describe how perspectives were gathered and report the detailed sampling characteristics. METHODS A two-stage, electronic survey was used to gather and seek initial consensus. Perspectives were sought from spinal surgeons, other healthcare professionals and people with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Participants were allocated to one of two parallel streams: (1) priority setting or (2) minimum dataset. An email campaign was developed to advertise the survey to relevant global stakeholder individuals and organisations. People with DCM were recruited using the international DCM charity Myelopathy.org and its social media channels. A network of global partners was recruited to act as project ambassadors. Data from Google Analytics, MailChimp and Calibrum helped optimise survey dissemination. RESULTS Survey engagement was high amongst the three stakeholder groups: 208 people with DCM, 389 spinal surgeons and 157 other healthcare professionals. Individuals from 76 different countries participated; the United States, United Kingdom and Canada were the most common countries of participants. CONCLUSION AO Spine RECODE-DCM recruited a diverse and sufficient number of participants for an international PSP and COS/CDE process. Whilst PSP and COS/CDE have been undertaken in other fields, to our knowledge, this is the first time they have been combined in one process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver D Mowforth
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 89744University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
| | - Danyal Z Khan
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 89744University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
| | - Mei Yin Wong
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Lydia Dean
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Magee
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Mullarkey
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Martina Rihova
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Max Stewart
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Beth Goulson
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Shahzaib Ahmed
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Kai Fricke
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Zack Millar
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Keerthi Senthil
- School of Clinical Medicine, 2152University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Toto Gronlund
- National Institute for Health Research, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Lindsay Tetreault
- Langone Health, Graduate Medical Education, Department of Neurology, 5894New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James S Harrop
- Department of Neurological Surgery, 6529Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bizhan Aarabi
- Department of Neurosurgery, 1479University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, 48439Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekar N Kurpad
- Department of Neurosurgery, 5506Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, WI, United States
| | - James D Guest
- Department of Neurosurgery, 12235University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jefferson R Wilson
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 7938University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopedics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, 7938University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Angus G K McNair
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, 1980University of Bristol, UK
| | - Benjamin M Davies
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 89744University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
| | - Mark R N Kotter
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, 89744University of Cambridge; Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK
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Significant increase in quantity and quality of knee arthroplasty related research in KSSTA over the past 15 years. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1239-1249. [PMID: 33837808 PMCID: PMC8035607 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06555-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate both publication and authorship characteristics in Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy journal (KSSTA) regarding knee arthroplasty over the past 15 years. METHODS PubMed was searched for articles published in KSSTA between January 1, 2006, and December 31st, 2020, utilising the search term 'knee arthroplasty'. 1288 articles met the inclusion criteria. The articles were evaluated using the following criteria: type of article, type of study, main topic and special topic, use of patient-reported outcome scores, number of references and citations, level of evidence (LOE), number of authors, gender of the first author and continent of origin. Three time intervals were compared: 2006-2010, 2011-2015 and 2016-2020. RESULTS Between 2016 and 2020, publications peaked at 670 articles (52%) compared with 465 (36%) published between 2011 and 2016 and 153 articles (12%) between 2006 and 2010. While percentage of reviews (2006-2010: 0% vs. 2011-2015: 5% vs. 2016-2020: 5%) and meta-analyses (1% vs. 6% vs. 5%) increased, fewer case reports were published (13% vs. 3% vs. 1%) (p < 0.001). Interest in navigation and computer-assisted surgery decreased, whereas interest in perioperative management, robotic and individualized surgery increased over time (p < 0.001). There was an increasing number of references [26 (2-73) vs. 30 (2-158) vs. 31 (1-143), p < 0.001] while number of citations decreased [30 (0-188) vs. 22 (0-264) vs. 6 (0-106), p < 0.001]. LOE showed no significant changes (p = 0.439). The number of authors increased between each time interval (p < 0.001), while the percentage of female authors was comparable between first and last interval (p = 0.252). Europe published significantly fewer articles over time (56% vs. 47% vs. 52%), whereas the number of articles from Asia increased (35% vs. 45% vs. 37%, p = 0.005). CONCLUSION Increasing interest in the field of knee arthroplasty-related surgery arose within the last 15 years in KSSTA. The investigated topics showed a significant trend towards the latest techniques at each time interval. With rising number of authors, the part of female first authors also increased-but not significantly. Furthermore, publishing characteristics showed an increasing number of publications from Asia and a slightly decreasing number in Europe. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV.
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Huang C, Gianakos AL, Merklein M, Pinninti A, Owens BD, Mulcahey MK. Sex-Specific Analysis Is Lacking in Abstracts Presented at Arthroscopy Association of North America and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine Annual Meetings From 2016 to 2019. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2021; 3:e171-e175. [PMID: 33615261 PMCID: PMC7879163 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the presence of sex-specific analysis (SSA) in abstracts accepted for podium presentation at the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) and American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) annual meetings from 2016 to 2019. Methods Abstracts accepted for podium presentation at the AANA and AOSSM annual meetings from 2016 to 2019 were selected for review. Studies that included sex as a variable in a multifactorial statistical model were considered to have performed adequate SSA. Secondary data collected included whether the abstract had a female lead or senior author, the degrees of the female authors, and the anatomic focuses of studies with SSA. Results Of the 891 total abstracts accepted for podium presentation at the AANA and AOSSM annual meetings from 2016 to 2019, 90 (10%) included SSA. There were 284 AANA abstracts, 24 (8%) of which reported SSA. Of the 607 AOSSM abstracts, 66 (11%) reported SSA. There were 43 female first authors (15%) and 33 female senior authors (12%) of the AANA abstracts compared with 92 female first authors (15%) and 39 female senior authors (6%) of the AOSSM abstracts. Of the 891 total abstracts, 135 (15%) listed a female lead author and 72 (8%) had a female senior author. Of the 135 female first authors, 92 (68%) had an M.D., whereas 40 of the 72 female senior authors (56%) had an M.D. Analysis of all abstracts combined showed a positive correlation between SSA and a female first author (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.035, P = .147), as well as between SSA and a female senior author (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.052, P = .059). Conclusions From 2016 to 2019, only 10% of abstracts accepted for podium presentation at the AANA and AOSSM annual meetings included SSA. Altogether, women represented 15% of first authors and 8% of senior authors. Clinical Relevance This study highlights the low percentage of SSA in abstracts presented at the AANA and AOSSM annual meetings from 2016 to 2019. Future studies should attempt to perform SSA when relevant to better evaluate differences in outcomes between male and female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Huang
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Angelica Pinninti
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.A
| | - Brett D Owens
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, U.S.A
| | - Mary K Mulcahey
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A
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Padmanaban V, DaCosta A, Tran A, Kunac A, Swaroop M, Zhang WW, Sifri ZC. Closing the Gender Gap in Global Surgery: Trends at the Academic Surgical Congress. J Surg Res 2020; 257:389-393. [PMID: 32892135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female researchers are underrepresented in academic surgery. While they are increasingly producing original research, they lag male researchers in productivity. This disparity is not well understood within the nascent field of global surgery. The following study examines gender parity in global surgery research presented at the Academic Surgical Congress and within subsequent publications. METHODS Abstracts presented at the Academic Surgical Congress (ASC) between 2015 and 2019 in "Global Surgery" sessions were reviewed to obtain title, the first author (FA) and senior author (SA). The authors were classified by gender. The Scopus database was queried by two reviewers for abstracts with corresponding publications, citations, and journal impact factors. Statistical analysis was conducted using chi-square analysis and t-tests where appropriate. RESULTS Of a total of 6635 abstracts, 218 global surgery abstracts over a 5-year period were identified. Of these abstracts, 96 (44%) had female FAs, while 56 (26%) had female SAs. When comparing gender, female (44%) FAs and male (56%) FAs were equally represented. While SAs were significantly less likely to be female (26% versus 74%, P < 0.0001), female senior authorship increased significantly within the study period. Output with respect to publications, citations, and journal impact factors were equal by gender. CONCLUSIONS This study presents 5 y of gender trends in global surgery scholarly work presented at the ASC. Despite an overall predominance of male senior authors, the paradigm is shifting with a recent trend to gender parity. Male and female authors have equal output and are equally impactful. Findings of gender equity in academic global surgery are encouraging, and further study of other disciplines are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vennila Padmanaban
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey.
| | - Angela DaCosta
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Ashley Tran
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Anastasia Kunac
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Mamta Swaroop
- Department of Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wei Wei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Ziad C Sifri
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
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