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Zhai C, Xu J, Yang Y, Xie F, Cao L, Wang K, Zhou Y, Ding X, Yin J, Ding X, Hu H, Yu H. Heterogeneous Analysis of Extracellular Vesicles for Osteosarcoma Diagnosis. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9486-9492. [PMID: 38814722 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most prevalent primary tumor of bones, often diagnosed late with a poor prognosis. Currently, few effective biomarkers or diagnostic methods have been developed for early OS detection with high confidence, especially for metastatic OS. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging as promising biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis through liquid biopsy. Here, we report a plasmonic imaging-based biosensing technique, termed subpopulation protein analysis by single EV counting (SPASEC), for size-dependent EV subpopulation analysis. In our SPASEC platform, EVs are accurately sized and counted on plasmonic sensor chips coated with OS-specific antibodies. Subsequently, EVs are categorized into distinct subpopulations based on their sizes, and the membrane proteins of each size-dependent subpopulation are profiled. We measured the heterogeneous expression levels of the EV markers (CD63, BMP2, GD2, and N-cadherin) in each of the EV subsets from both OS cell lines and clinical plasma samples. Using the linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model, the combination of four markers is applied to classify the healthy donors (n = 37), nonmetastatic OS patients (n = 13), and metastatic patients (n = 12) with an area under the curve of 0.95, 0.92, and 0.99, respectively. SPASEC provides accurate EV sensing technology for early OS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Zhai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jiaying Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuting Yang
- School of Sensing Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Feng Xie
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Li Cao
- Shanghai Clinical Research Ward (SCRW), Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Ward (SCRW), Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xiaomin Ding
- Shanghai Clinical Research Ward (SCRW), Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Junyi Yin
- Oncology Department of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University, No. 389 Xincun Road, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Xianting Ding
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Ward (SCRW), Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hui Yu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
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2
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Mori N, Esaki N, Shimoyama Y, Shiraki Y, Asai N, Sakai T, Nishida Y, Takahashi M, Enomoto A, Mii S. Significance of expression of CD109 in osteosarcoma and its involvement in tumor progression via BMP signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 245:154443. [PMID: 37030166 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma, the most common primary malignant bone tumor, is defined by the formation of neoplastic osteoid and/or bone. This sarcoma is a highly heterogeneous disease with a wide range of patient outcomes. CD109 is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various types of malignant tumors. We previously reported that CD109 is expressed in osteoblasts and osteoclasts in normal human tissues and plays a role in bone metabolism in vivo. While CD109 has been shown to promote various carcinomas through the downregulation of TGF-β signaling, the role and mechanism of CD109 in sarcomas remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular function of CD109 in sarcomas using osteosarcoma cell lines and tissue. Semi-quantitative immunohistochemical analysis using human osteosarcoma tissue revealed a significantly worse prognosis in the CD109-high group compared with the CD109-low group. We found no association between CD109 expression and TGF-β signaling in osteosarcoma cells. However, enhancement of SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation was observed in CD109 knockdown cells under bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) stimulation. We also performed immunohistochemical analysis for phospho-SMAD1/5/9 using human osteosarcoma tissue and found a negative correlation between CD109 expression and SMAD1/5/9 phosphorylation. In vitro wound healing assay showed that osteosarcoma cell migration was significantly attenuated in CD109-knockdown cells compared with control cells in the presence of BMP. These results suggest that CD109 is a poor prognostic factor in osteosarcoma and affects tumor cell migration via BMP signaling.
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Xie L, Zeng J, He M. Identification and verification of a BMPs-related gene signature for osteosarcoma prognosis prediction. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:181. [PMID: 36814224 PMCID: PMC9945650 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to get a deeper insight into new osteosarcoma (OS) signature based on bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)-related genes and to confirm the prognostic pattern to speculate on the overall survival among OS patients. METHODS Firstly, pathway analyses using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were managed to search for possible prognostic mechanisms attached to the OS-specific differentially expressed BMPs-related genes (DEBRGs). Secondly, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis was executed to filter the prognostic DEBRGs and establish the polygenic model for risk prediction in OS patients with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve weighed the model's accuracy. Thirdly, the GEO database (GSE21257) was operated for independent validation. The nomogram was initiated using multivariable Cox regression. Immune infiltration of the OS sample was calculated. Finally, the three discovered hallmark genes' mRNA and protein expressions were verified. RESULTS A total of 46 DEBRGs were found in the OS and control samples, and three prognostic DEBRGs (DLX2, TERT, and EVX1) were screened under the LASSO regression analyses. Multivariate and univariate Cox regression analysis were devised to forge the OS risk model. Both the TARGET training and validation sets indicated that the prognostic biomarker-based risk score model performed well based on ROC curves. In high- and low-risk groups, immune cells, including memory B, activated mast, resting mast, plasma, and activated memory CD4 + T cells, and the immune, stromal, and ESTIMATE scores showed significant differences. The nomogram that predicts survival was established with good performance according to clinical features of OS patients and risk scores. Finally, the expression of three crucial BMP-related genes in OS cell lines was investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting (WB). CONCLUSION The new BMP-related prognostic signature linked to OS can be a new tool to identify biomarkers to detect the disease early and a potential candidate to better treat OS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Trauma Department of Orthopaedics, The Affiliated Yuebei People's Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiaxing Zeng
- Trauma Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Maolin He
- Division of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
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Marritt KL, Hildebrand KM, Hildebrand KN, Singla AK, Zemp FJ, Mahoney DJ, Jirik FR, Monument MJ. Intratumoral STING activation causes durable immunogenic tumor eradication in the KP soft tissue sarcoma model. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1087991. [PMID: 36700206 PMCID: PMC9868147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1087991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are highly metastatic, connective-tissue lineage solid cancers. Immunologically, sarcomas are frequently characterized by a paucity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and an immune suppressive microenvironment. Activation of the STING pathway can induce potent immune-driven anti-tumor responses within immunogenic solid tumors; however, this strategy has not been evaluated in immunologically cold sarcomas. Herein, we assessed the therapeutic response of intratumoral STING activation in an immunologically cold murine model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS). Materials and Results A single intratumoral injection of the murine STING agonist, DMXAA resulted in durable cure in up to 60% of UPS-bearing mice. In mice with synchronous lung metastases, STING activation within hindlimb tumors resulted in 50% cure in both anatomic sites. Surviving mice all rejected UPS re-challenge in the hindlimb and lung. Therapeutic efficacy of STING was inhibited by lymphocyte deficiency but unaffected by macrophage deficiency. Immune phenotyping demonstrated enrichment of lymphocytic responses in tumors at multiple timepoints following treatment. Immune checkpoint blockade enhanced survival following STING activation. Discussion These data suggest intratumoral activation of the STING pathway elicits local and systemic anti-tumor immune responses in a lymphocyte poor sarcoma model and deserves further evaluation as an adjunctive local and systemic treatment for sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla L. Marritt
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Karys M. Hildebrand
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kurt N. Hildebrand
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Arvind K. Singla
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Franz J. Zemp
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Douglas J. Mahoney
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Frank R. Jirik
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael J. Monument
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,*Correspondence: Michael J. Monument,
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Chen Z, Yuan L, Li X, Yu J, Xu Z. BMP2 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating EZH2 in gastric cancer. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:2298-2308. [PMID: 35856444 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2092819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is among the most common gastrointestinal malignancies. Recent studies have suggested that bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) is related to the development and progression of various cancers. Meanwhile, evidence suggests that BMP2 might lead to epigenetic changes in gastric cancer. Thus, we investigated whether BMP2 plays a role in the development of gastric cancer via epigenetic regulation. Cell viability, colony formation, and cell cycle assays were performed to assess the effect of recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) in gastric cancer cells. LDN-193189 and Noggins were used as antagonists of the canonical BMP-SMAD signaling pathway. The protein levels were determined using a western blot analysis. Lentiviral vectors with EZH2 shRNA or EZH2 overexpression were used to mediate the role of EZH2 and the relationship between BMP2 and EZH2 in gastric cancer. We found that rhBMP2 inhibits cell proliferation by arresting the cell cycle in HGC-27 and SNU-216 gastric cancer cells. Neither LDN-193189 nor Noggins, antagonists of the canonical BMP-SMAD signaling pathway, can reverse the effect of rhBMP2 on gastric cancer. Molecularly, rhBMP2 downregulates the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3, leading to increases in P16 and P21 and decreases in CDK2, CDK4, and CDK6. Altogether, in this study, we demonstrate that BMP2 serves as a tumor suppressor in gastric cancer cells by downregulating EZH2 and H3K27me3 through the non-SMAD BMP pathway, suggesting that BMP2 might be a new therapeutic target for gastric cancer treatment. Abbreviations: BMP: bone morphogenetic protein; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-beta; EZH2: enhancer of zeste homolog 2; H3K27me3: trimethylation histone H3 lysine 27; HRECs: human retinal endothelial cells; PcG: polycomb group; PRC: polycomb repressive complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Junhui Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengshui Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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6
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Freeman FE, Burdis R, Mahon OR, Kelly DJ, Artzi N. A Spheroid Model of Early and Late-Stage Osteosarcoma Mimicking the Divergent Relationship between Tumor Elimination and Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101296. [PMID: 34636176 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most diagnosed bone tumor in children. The use of tissue engineering strategies after malignant tumor resection remains a subject of scientific controversy. As a result, there is limited research that focuses on bone regeneration postresection, which is further compromised following chemotherapy. This study aims to develop the first co-culture spheroid model for osteosarcoma, to understand the divergent relationship between tumor elimination and bone regeneration. By manipulating the ratio of stromal to osteosarcoma cells the modelled cancer state (early/late) is modified, as is evident by the increased tumor growth rates and an upregulation of a panel of well-established osteosarcoma prognostic genes. Validation of the authors' model is conducted by analyzing its ability to mimic the cytotoxic effects of the FDA-approved chemotherapeutic Doxorubicin. Next, the model is used to investigate what effect osteogenic supplements have, if any, on tumor growth. When their model is treated with osteogenic supplements, there is a stimulatory effect on the surrounding stromal cells. However, when treated with chemotherapeutics this stimulatory effect is significantly diminished. Together, the results of this study present a novel multicellular model of osteosarcoma and provide a unique platform for screening potential therapeutic options for osteosarcoma before conducting in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona E. Freeman
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin Parsons Building Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Engineering in Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Ross Burdis
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin Parsons Building Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 W085 Ireland
| | - Olwyn R. Mahon
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Health Research Institute and the Bernal Institute University of Limerick Limerick V94 T9PX Ireland
| | - Daniel J. Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 R590 Ireland
- Department of Mechanical Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering School of Engineering Trinity College Dublin Parsons Building Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin Dublin D02 W085 Ireland
- Department of Anatomy Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Dublin D02 VN51 Ireland
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02142 USA
- Department of Medicine Division of Engineering in Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
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7
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Sun W, Wei L, Liu Y. To B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2) or Not to B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2): Mesenchymal Stem Cells May Explain the Protein's Role in Osteosarcomagenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740783. [PMID: 34869325 PMCID: PMC8635864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary malignant bone tumor, stems from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and/or committed osteoblast precursors. Distant metastases, in particular pulmonary and skeletal metastases, are common in patients with OS. Moreover, extensive resection of the primary tumor and bone metastases usually leads to bone defects in these patients. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been widely applied in bone regeneration with the rationale that BMP-2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Thus, BMP-2 might be useful after OS resection to repair bone defects. However, the potential tumorigenicity of BMP-2 remains a concern that has impeded the administration of BMP-2 in patients with OS and in populations susceptible to OS with severe bone deficiency (e.g., in patients with genetic mutation diseases and aberrant activities of bone metabolism). In fact, some studies have drawn the opposite conclusion about the effect of BMP-2 on OS progression. Given the roles of BMSCs in the origination of OS and osteogenesis, we hypothesized that the responses of BMSCs to BMP-2 in the tumor milieu may be responsible for OS development. This review focuses on the relationship among BMSCs, BMP-2, and OS cells; a better understanding of this relationship may elucidate the accurate mechanisms of actions of BMP-2 in osteosarcomagenesis and thereby pave the way for clinically safer and broader administration of BMP-2 in the future. For example, a low dosage of and a slow-release delivery strategy for BMP-2 are potential topics for exploration to treat OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Hildebrand KM, Singla AK, McNeil R, Marritt KL, Hildebrand KN, Zemp F, Rajwani J, Itani D, Bose P, Mahoney DJ, Jirik FR, Monument MJ. The KrasG12D;Trp53fl/fl murine model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is macrophage dense, lymphocyte poor, and resistant to immune checkpoint blockade. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253864. [PMID: 34242269 PMCID: PMC8270133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas are rare, difficult to treat, mesenchymal lineage tumours that affect children and adults. Immunologically-based therapies have improved outcomes for numerous adult cancers, however, these therapeutic strategies have been minimally effective in sarcoma so far. Clinically relevant, immunologically-competent, and transplantable pre-clinical sarcoma models are essential to advance sarcoma immunology research. Herein we show that Cre-mediated activation of KrasG12D, and deletion of Trp53, in the hindlimb muscles of C57Bl/6 mice results in the highly penetrant, rapid onset undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas (UPS), one of the most common human sarcoma subtypes. Cell lines derived from spontaneous UPS tumours can be reproducibly transplanted into the hindlimbs or lungs of naïve, immune competent syngeneic mice. Immunological characterization of both spontaneous and transplanted UPS tumours demonstrates an immunologically-‘quiescent’ microenvironment, characterized by a paucity of lymphocytes, limited spontaneous adaptive immune pathways, and dense macrophage infiltrates. Macrophages are the dominant immune population in both spontaneous and transplanted UPS tumours, although compared to spontaneous tumours, transplanted tumours demonstrate increased spontaneous lymphocytic infiltrates. The growth of transplanted UPS tumours is unaffected by host lymphocyte deficiency, and despite strong expression of PD-1 on tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, tumours are resistant to immunological checkpoint blockade. This spontaneous and transplantable immune competent UPS model will be an important experimental tool in the pre-clinical development and evaluation of novel immunotherapeutic approaches for immunologically cold soft tissue sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karys M. Hildebrand
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arvind K. Singla
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Reid McNeil
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kayla L. Marritt
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kurt N. Hildebrand
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Franz Zemp
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jahanara Rajwani
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Doha Itani
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Pinaki Bose
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas J. Mahoney
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Frank R. Jirik
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael J. Monument
- Department of Surgery, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Bone and Joint Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Arnie Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
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9
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Zachos TA. CORR Insights®: Is Use of BMP-2 Associated with Tumor Growth and Osteoblastic Differentiation in Murine Models of Osteosarcoma? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2020; 478:2934-2935. [PMID: 33165052 PMCID: PMC7899422 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Zachos
- T. A. Zachos, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, USA
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