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Lee JK, Hsieh IC, Huang PH, Wu YW, Hsu JC, Kuo JY, Chang PY, Wu CH, Hwang JJ. Ranolazine effects on exercise tolerance and angina frequency in Taiwanese stable angina: A bridging study of the CARISA randomized trial. J Formos Med Assoc 2024:S0929-6646(24)00438-8. [PMID: 39370366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2024.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of Ranolazine on chronic angina had been proved and launched in the United States. This study aimed to determine whether add-on Ranolazine could also be effective in Taiwanese population with persisting angina symptoms despite taking conventional antianginal agents. METHODS This is a multi-center, randomized, parallel, double-blind comparative study. The endpoint is to compare the change from the baseline of the exercise treadmill test (ETT) performing duration between add-on ranolazine and placebo at week 12. RESULTS 46 patients were evaluable for the efficacy and safety endpoints. The mean change from baseline in ETT duration at week 12 was increased in the treatment and control group, and their mean difference was 20.8 s. All data in the Taiwanese population was like those in the CARISA study (24.0 s). The safety evaluation revealed that patients were tolerable to the add-on ranolazine therapy. The AE incidence for both ranolazine and placebo was 34.8%. The data were comparable to the past studies despite the limited statistical power. CONCLUSION The add-on ranolazine therapy shows the potential to raise the exercise performance and tolerance of patients with chronic angina.
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Chiang C, Gessner N, Burli A, Liszewski W, Mansh M, Nguyen CV, Yeung H, Trinidad JC. Poppers Dermatitis®: A Systematic Review on a Unique Form of Contact Dermatitis® in the MSM Community. Dermatitis 2024; 35:198-204. [PMID: 37788394 DOI: 10.1089/derm.2023.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
There are certain demographic characteristics that may serve as risk factors for exposure to a contact allergen. Volatile alkyl nitrites, colloquially known as "poppers," are commonly inhaled by men who have sex with men (MSM) for their psychoactive and muscle-relaxing effects. They have been reported to cause either allergic contact Dermatitis® (ACD) or irritant contact Dermatitis® (ICD), termed "poppers Dermatitis®." We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science to understand the patient population, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and clinical course of poppers Dermatitis®. Our search returned 13 articles detailing 18 patients total. Most patient cases were male (n = 13/15; 87%), of whom 5 were MSM. The reports on the remaining 8 men did not disclose their sexual behaviors. The chemicals deemed responsible for adverse cutaneous side effects included amyl nitrite (6/18; 33%), butyl nitrite (3/18; 167%), isobutyl nitrite (2/18; 11%), and an unspecified alkyl nitrite (7/18, 39%). The most common diagnosis was ICD (10/18; 56%). Only 3 patients underwent alkyl nitrite patch testing, with 2 testing positive for ACD. The most commonly involved anatomic sites were perinasal (13/18; 72%) and perioral regions (10/18; 56%). Rash morphology has been described as yellow crusting, impetigo-like, eczematous, vesicular, edematous, and erythematous. Ulceration can occur with direct skin contact to concentrated nitrite solution. Poppers Dermatitis® was often self-limited with complete resolution. Dermatologists should consider poppers Dermatitis® in those presenting with a characteristic midfacial rash, especially in MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavy Chiang
- From the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Gessner
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Anuk Burli
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Walter Liszewski
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Matthew Mansh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cuong V Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Howa Yeung
- Department of Dermatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John C Trinidad
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Curtiss P, Svigos K, Schwager Z, Lo Sicco K, Franks AG. Part II: The treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024; 90:237-248. [PMID: 35809802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2022.05.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Raynaud phenomenon (RP) presents with either primary or secondary disease, and both have the potential to negatively impact patient quality of life. First-line management of RP should include lifestyle modifications in all patients. Some patients with primary RP and most with secondary RP require pharmacologic therapies, which may include calcium channel blockers, topical nitrates, phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, or endothelin antagonists. Additional approaches to treatment for those with signs of critical ischemia or those who fail pharmacologic therapy include botulinum toxin injection and digital sympathectomy. Herein, we describe in detail the treatment options for patients with RP as well as provide treatment algorithms for each RP subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Curtiss
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Katerina Svigos
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Zachary Schwager
- Department of Dermatology, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Burlington, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen Lo Sicco
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York.
| | - Anrdew G Franks
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
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Lam A, Gulati S, Foster BS, Lally DR. CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION ASSOCIATED WITH USE OF AMYL NITRITE "POPPERS". Retin Cases Brief Rep 2024; 18:138-140. [PMID: 36007175 DOI: 10.1097/icb.0000000000001338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a case of central retinal vein occlusion in a young patient after the use of amyl nitrate "poppers." METHODS Description of the patient's clinical history, ophthalmic examination, retinal imaging, and treatment. RESULTS A 38-year-old man presented with a central retinal vein occlusion in his right eye after inhaling amyl nitrite "poppers." There appeared to be a definitive temporal association between poppers use and both the onset of the vein occlusion and the patient's visual scotomata, which recurred immediately after drug use multiple times. Optical coherence tomography displayed cystic macular edema, which was treated with intravitreal bevacizumab. The patient's hypercoagulable laboratory workup was negative. CONCLUSION This is the first report of a central retinal vein occlusion associated with poppers inhalation. A high index of suspicion for poppers use should be maintained in young patients who present with retinal vein occlusion, particularly in homosexual patients with a normal laboratory workup that fails to reveal a hypercoagulable etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Springfield, Massachusetts
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Satoh T, Yaoita N, Nochioka K, Tatebe S, Hayashi H, Yamamoto S, Sato H, Takahama H, Suzuki H, Terui Y, Yamada K, Yamada Y, Inoue T, Aoki T, Satoh K, Sugimura K, Miyata S, Yasuda S. Inhaled nitric oxide testing in predicting prognosis in pulmonary hypertension due to left-sided heart diseases. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:3592-3603. [PMID: 37775984 PMCID: PMC10682891 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) due to left-sided heart disease (Group 2 PH) is distinct from that of other groups of PH, yet there are still no approved therapies that selectively target pulmonary circulation. The increase in pulmonary capillary pressure due to left-sided heart disease is a trigger event for physical and biological alterations of the pulmonary circulation, including the nitric oxide (NO)-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate axis. This study investigated inhaled NO vasoreactivity tests for patients with Group 2 PH and hypothesized that these changes may have a prognostic impact. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a single-centre, retrospective study with a median follow-up of 365 days. From January 2011 to December 2015, we studied 69 patients with Group 2 PH [age, 61.5 ± 13.0 (standard deviation) years; male:female, 49:20; left ventricular ejection fraction, 50.1 ± 20.4%; mean pulmonary arterial pressure, ≥25 mmHg; and pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (PAWP), >15 mmHg]. No adverse events were observed after NO inhalation. Thirty-four patients with Group 2 PH showed increased PAWP (ΔPAWP: 3.26 ± 2.22 mmHg), while the remaining 35 patients did not (ΔPAWP: -2.11 ± 2.29 mmHg). Multivariate analysis revealed that increased PAWP was the only significant predictor of all-cause death or hospitalization for heart failure (HF) after 1 year (hazard ratio 4.35; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-14.83; P = 0.019). The acute response of PAWP to NO differed between HF with preserved and reduced ejection fractions. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Group 2 PH were tolerant of the inhaled NO test. NO-induced PAWP is a novel prognostic indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taijyu Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Yaoita
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kotaro Nochioka
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Shunsuke Tatebe
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hideka Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Saori Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Haruka Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahama
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Hideaki Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yosuke Terui
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Kaito Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Yusuke Yamada
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Takumi Inoue
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Tatsuo Aoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Advanced Medicine in Pulmonary HypertensionNational Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
| | - Kimio Satoh
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
| | - Koichiro Sugimura
- Department of CardiologyInternational University of Health and WelfareOtawaraJapan
| | - Satoshi Miyata
- Teikyo University Graduate School of Public HealthTokyoJapan
| | - Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineTohoku University Graduate School of MedicineSendaiJapan
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Maghsoud Y, Dong C, Cisneros GA. Investigation of the Inhibition Mechanism of Xanthine Oxidoreductase by Oxipurinol: A Computational Study. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4190-4206. [PMID: 37319436 PMCID: PMC10405278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme found in various organisms. It converts hypoxanthine to xanthine and urate, which are crucial steps in purine elimination in humans. Elevated uric acid levels can lead to conditions like gout and hyperuricemia. Therefore, there is significant interest in developing drugs that target XOR for treating these conditions and other diseases. Oxipurinol, an analogue of xanthine, is a well-known inhibitor of XOR. Crystallographic studies have revealed that oxipurinol directly binds to the molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) in XOR. However, the precise details of the inhibition mechanism are still unclear, which would be valuable for designing more effective drugs with similar inhibitory functions. In this study, molecular dynamics and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations are employed to investigate the inhibition mechanism of XOR by oxipurinol. The study examines the structural and dynamic effects of oxipurinol on the pre-catalytic structure of the metabolite-bound system. Our results provide insights on the reaction mechanism catalyzed by the MoCo center in the active site, which aligns well with experimental findings. Furthermore, the results provide insights into the residues surrounding the active site and propose an alternative mechanism for developing alternative covalent inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazdan Maghsoud
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of Texas Permian Basin, Odessa, Texas 79762, United States
| | - G Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States
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Soleymani M, Masoudkabir F, Shabani M, Vasheghani-Farahani A, Behnoush AH, Khalaji A. Updates on Pharmacologic Management of Microvascular Angina. Cardiovasc Ther 2022; 2022:6080258. [PMID: 36382021 PMCID: PMC9626221 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6080258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular angina (MVA), historically called cardiac syndrome X, refers to angina with nonobstructive coronary artery disease. This female-predominant cardiovascular disorder adds considerable health-related costs due to repeated diagnostic angiography and frequent hospital admissions. Despite the high prevalence of this diagnosis in patients undergoing coronary angiography, it is still a therapeutic challenge for cardiologists. Unlike obstructive coronary artery disease, with multiple evidence-based therapies and management guidelines, little is known regarding the management of MVA. During the last decade, many therapeutic interventions have been suggested for the treatment of MVA. However, there is a lack of summarization tab and update of current knowledge about pharmacologic management of MVA, mostly due to unclear pathophysiology. In this article, we have reviewed the underlying mechanisms of MVA and the outcomes of various medications in patients with this disease. Contrary to vasospastic angina in which normal angiogram is observed as well, nitrates are not effective in the treatment of MVA. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers have the strongest evidence of improving the symptoms. Moreover, the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, statins, estrogen, and novel antianginal drugs has had promising outcomes. Investigations are still ongoing for vitamin D, omega-3, incretins, and n-acetyl cysteine, which have resulted in beneficial initial outcomes. We believe that the employment of the available results and results of the future large-scale trials into cardiac care guidelines would help reduce the global cost of cardiac care tremendously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Soleymani
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Masoudkabir
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ali Vasheghani-Farahani
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Behnoush
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Khalaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Stamm P, Kalinovic S, Oelze M, Steven S, Czarnowski A, Kvandova M, Bayer F, Reinhardt C, Münzel T, Daiber A. Mechanistic Insights into Inorganic Nitrite-Mediated Vasodilation of Isolated Aortic Rings under Oxidative/Hypertensive Conditions and S-Nitros(yl)ation of Proteins in Germ-Free Mice. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030730. [PMID: 35327532 PMCID: PMC8945819 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and clinical importance of arterial hypertension are still growing. Inorganic nitrite (NO2-) represents an attractive dietary antihypertensive agent, but its metabolism and mode of action, which we aimed to investigate with the present study, are not completely understood. Isolated aortic rings from rats were treated ex vivo with oxidants, and rats were infused in vivo with angiotensin-II. Vascular responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and nitrite were assessed by isometric tension recording. The loss of vasodilatory potency in response to oxidants was much more pronounced for ACh as compared to nitrite ex vivo (but not in vivo with angiotensin-II). This effect may be caused by the redox regulation of conversion to xanthine oxidase (XO). Conventionally raised and germ-free mice were treated with nitrite by gavage, which did not improve ACh-mediated vasodilation, but did increase the plasma levels of S-nitros(yl)ated proteins in the conventionally-raised, but not in the germ-free mice. In conclusion, inorganic nitrite represents a dietary drug option to treat arterial hypertension in addition to already established pharmacological treatment. Short-term oxidative stress did not impair the vasodilatory properties of nitrite, which may be beneficial in cardiovascular disease patients. The gastrointestinal microbiome appears to play a key role in nitrite metabolism and bioactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Stamm
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Sanela Kalinovic
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Matthias Oelze
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Sebastian Steven
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Alexander Czarnowski
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Miroslava Kvandova
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
| | - Franziska Bayer
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis Mainz, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Thomas Münzel
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (A.D.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-6280 (A.D.)
| | - Andreas Daiber
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiology I, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (P.S.); (S.K.); (M.O.); (S.S.); (A.C.); (M.K.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, 55131 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (A.D.); Tel.: +49-6131-17-6280 (A.D.)
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Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Elshazly SA, Shukry M, Abouzed TK. Borate Ameliorates Sodium Nitrite-Induced Oxidative Stress Through Regulation of Oxidant/Antioxidant Status: Involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:197-205. [PMID: 33559025 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The widespread industrial use of nitrite in preservatives, colorants, and manufacturing rubber products and dyes increases the possibilities of organ toxicity. Lithium borate (LB) is known as an antioxidant and an oxidative stress reliever. Therefore, this study is aimed at examining the effect of LB on nitrite-induced hepatorenal dysfunction. Twenty-eight male Swiss mice were divided into four equal groups. Group 1, the control group, received saline. Group 2 received LB orally for 5 consecutive days at a dose of 15 mg/kg bw. Group 3, the nitrite group, received sodium nitrite (NaNO2) on Day 5 (60 mg/kg bw intraperitoneally). Group 4, the protective group (LB + NaNO2 group), received LB for 5 days and then a single dose of NaNO2 intraperitoneally on Day 5, the same as in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. Samples of blood and kidney were taken for serum analysis of hepatorenal biomarkers, levels of antioxidants and cytokines, and the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. NaNO2 intoxication increased markers of liver and kidney functions yet decreased reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase activities in blood. NaNO2 also increased the expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 (IL-1β and IL-6). Pre-administration of LB protected mice from oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and the decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, LB protected mice from cytokine changes, which remained within normal levels. LB ameliorated the changes induced by NaNO2 on the mRNA of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nfr2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-β2), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) as determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). These results collectively demonstrate that LB ameliorated NaNO2-induced oxidative stress by controlling the oxidative stress biomarkers and the oxidant/antioxidant state through the involvement of the Nrf2/HO-1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir Ahmed Elshazly
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Tarek Kamal Abouzed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
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10
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Schwartz C, Tooley L, Knight R, Steinberg M. Queering poppers literature: A critical interpretive synthesis of health sciences research on alkyl nitrite use and Canadian policy. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2021; 101:103546. [PMID: 34920219 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poppers (alkyl nitrites) are vasodilators used by many gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) to relieve pain, enhance pleasure, and facilitate penetration during sex. In 2013, the Canadian government cracked down on the sale of poppers products, however prevalence of poppers use among GBMSM in Canada remains high. Poppers have been studied by medical researchers since the 1980s, yet qualitative and community-based research to inform federal policy, remains somewhat less common. METHODS We conducted a critical interpretive synthesis (CIS) to better understand poppers health literature using the medical model of health as a point of reference. Analysis was performed using inductive and deductive methods including reflexive note-taking, mind-mapping, and close coding. 153 publications were identified to inform this review of which 5 were chosen for coding based on a purposive sampling framework. RESULTS Our findings are unified within a theoretical construct we term responsibility. Responsibility is a construct we use to describe the bias we identified in health sciences literature regarding poppers use that tends to exaggerate the necessity for poppers cessation, and devalue both the benefits of poppers use and the perspectives and experiences of people who use poppers. The emphasis on individual behavior change within the literature appears to be motivated less by objective measures or assessments of health risks and outcomes, and more by harmful stereotypes that position gay men and people who use drugs as inherently irresponsible. CONCLUSION We conclude by discussing how these findings have important implications for the review of current policy on poppers sales in Canada which remains influenced by a literature base prejudiced by factors such as homophobia, heteronormativity, and drug stigma, and recommend areas for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Schwartz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada; Community-Based Research Centre, 1007-808 Nelson St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2H2, Canada.
| | - Len Tooley
- Community-Based Research Centre, 1007-808 Nelson St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2H2, Canada
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Malcolm Steinberg
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Dr, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
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Khedr A, Neupane B, Proskuriakova E, Jada K, Kakieu Djossi S, Mostafa JA. Pharmacologic Management of Coronary Artery Ectasia. Cureus 2021; 13:e17832. [PMID: 34660041 PMCID: PMC8502747 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.17832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery ectasia (CAE) is a rare form of aneurysmal coronary heart disease. It is defined as a dilatation of the coronary artery by more than one-third of its length and with a diameter 1.5 times of a normal coronary artery adjacent to it. This condition increases the risk of angina pectoris and acute coronary syndrome. Hence, we discuss the pharmacologic options for primary and secondary prevention of CAE complications. Antiplatelets such as aspirin are considered the mainstay of treatment in patients with CAE. Anticoagulants such as warfarin are warranted on a case-by-case basis to prevent thrombus formation depending on the presence of concomitant obstructive coronary artery disease and the patient’s risk of bleeding. Since atherosclerosis is the most common cause of CAE, statins are indicated in all patients for primary prevention. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may be indicated, especially in hypertensive patients, due to their anti-inflammatory properties. Beta-blockers may be indicated due to their antihypertensive and anti-ischemic effects. Calcium (Ca) channel blockers may be needed to prevent coronary vasospasm. Nitrates are generally contraindicated as they may lead to worsening of symptoms. Other antianginal medications such as trimetazidine can improve exercise tolerance with no reported adverse events in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Khedr
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Bandana Neupane
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Ekaterina Proskuriakova
- Internal Medicine, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | - Keji Jada
- Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
| | | | - Jihan A Mostafa
- Psychiatry, Research, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA
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12
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Zhang H, Dong J, Lau CW, Huang Y. Berberine Reverses Nitroglycerin Tolerance through Suppressing Protein Kinase C Alpha Activity in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 36:633-643. [PMID: 34319490 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of berberine on nitroglycerin (NTG) tolerance and explore the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS NTG tolerance was induced by pre-exposure of Sprague-Dawley rat aortas to NTG in vitro or by pretreating Sprague-Dawley rats with an NTG patch in vivo. The aortas were pre-treated with berberine or PKC inhibitors for different durations of time before induction of NTG tolerance. NTG-induced vasorelaxations was measured on wire myograph. Primary vascular smooth cells (VSMCs) were used to dissect the underlying mechanism of berberine-induced inhibition of NTG tolerance. RESULTS NTG tolerance induced by either prior exposure of rat aortas to NTG in vitro or pretreatment with an NTG patch in vivo was reversed by co-treatment with berberine, as well as the inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα). The mechanistic study revealed that PKCα participated in the development of NTG tolerance as NTG increased the activity of PKCα with enriched PKCα membrane localization and elevated phosphorylation of PKCα in VSMCs, which was reversed by berberine or PKCα inhibitors. CONCLUSION This study is probably the first demonstration that berberine reverses NTG tolerance through inhibiting PKCα activity in VSMCs and PKCα is an important contributor to the development of NTG tolerance. These new findings suggest that berberine could become a promising drug for prevention of NTG tolerance and that targeting PKCα in VSMCs is likely to be a potential therapeutic strategy for reversal of NTG tolerance in blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huina Zhang
- Beijing An Zhen Hospital, Capital Medical University; Key Laboratory of Upper Airway Dysfunction-related Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jinghui Dong
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Hebei, 050017, China
| | - Chi-Wai Lau
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Heart and Vascular Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Heart and Vascular Institute, and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
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13
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Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Alghamdi YS, Said AM. Impact of Thymus vulgaris extract on sodium nitrite-induced alteration of renal redox and oxidative stress: Biochemical, molecular, and immunohistochemical study. J Food Biochem 2021; 46:e13630. [PMID: 33769578 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) is an herbal plant with pleiotropic medicinal properties. In this study, we examined the possible protective effect of an ethanolic extract of thyme leaves against the renal oxidative stress induced by sodium nitrite (NaNO2 ). Male Swiss mice received either saline or thyme extract for 15 days (0.5 g/kg body weight, orally). NaNO2 (60 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally at Day 14. The protective group received the thyme extract for 15 days and NaNO2 on Day 14. Blood and kidney samples were taken from all groups to measure serum urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, serum, tissue antioxidant activity, and the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-6. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine the expression of kidney injury marker-1 (Kim-1), TNF-α, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor 2 (Nrf2), and hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), all of which are associated with kidney redox and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with thyme extract reduced the effects of NaNO2 on urea, BUN, and creatinine, and reversed its effect on tissue and serum antioxidants. NaNO2 -induced nephritis as demonstrated by the upregulation in mRNA expression of Kim-1 and TNF-α, which was, however, recovered and protected by pretreatment with thyme extract. Expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 was upregulated by treatment with thyme extract and downregulated by NaNO2 intoxication. NaNO2 -induced congestion in glomeruli and dilatation of the renal tubules, conditions that were restored in the group pretreated with thyme extract. NaNO2 upregulated Bax immunoreactivity and caused apoptosis in renal structures. Thus, thyme extract is effective in managing the renal toxicity associated with oxidative stress and renal redox. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The results from this study have shown that use of thyme extract may promote better health due to its high antioxidant activity. For instance, it could be ingested to alleviate the symptoms of renal inflammation and oxidative stress associated with nitrite toxicity. Thyme extract regulated renal redox, oxidative stress, antioxidant levels, and inflammation-associated genes at the molecular, biochemical, and cellular immunohistochemical levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Adel Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Soliman MM, Aldhahrani A, Metwally MMM. Hepatoprotective effect of Thymus vulgaris extract on sodium nitrite-induced changes in oxidative stress, antioxidant and inflammatory marker expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5747. [PMID: 33707592 PMCID: PMC7952422 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The herb thyme (Thymus vulgaris) has multiple therapeutic uses. In this study, we explored how T. vulgaris leaf extract protects liver cells against sodium nitrite-(NaNO2) induced oxidative stress. Mice were divided into four groups; each group received one of the following treatments orally: saline; T. vulgaris extract alone; NaNO2 alone; or T. vulgaris extract + NaNO2. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and total proteins were measured in serum using standard methods. TNF-α, hemooxygenase-1 (HO-1), thioredoxin, SOD, and GSH synthase, all of which are linked to oxidative stress, were measured using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). In mice treated with T. vulgaris extract, the effect of NaNO2 on ALT and AST levels and total proteins was reduced, and its effect on antioxidant levels was reversed. Normally, NaNO2 causes hepatocyte congestion and severe hepatic central vein congestion. Tissues in the mice treated with T. vulgaris were restored to normal conditions. Our results demonstrate that NaNO2-induced hepatic injury is significantly reduced by pretreatment with T. vulgaris extract, which protects against hepatic oxidative stress and its associated genes at the biochemical, molecular, and cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia. .,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Adil Aldhahrani
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
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15
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Griffiths K, Lee JJ, Frenneaux MP, Feelisch M, Madhani M. Nitrite and myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury. Where are we now? Pharmacol Ther 2021; 223:107819. [PMID: 33600852 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite major advances in technology and treatment, with coronary heart disease (CHD) being a key contributor. Following an acute myocardial infarction (AMI), it is imperative that blood flow is rapidly restored to the ischaemic myocardium. However, this restoration is associated with an increased risk of additional complications and further cardiomyocyte death, termed myocardial ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in protecting the myocardium from IRI. It is well established that NO mediates many of its downstream functions through the 'canonical' NO-sGC-cGMP pathway, which is vital for cardiovascular homeostasis; however, this pathway can become impaired in the face of inadequate delivery of necessary substrates, in particular L-arginine, oxygen and reducing equivalents. Recently, it has been shown that during conditions of ischaemia an alternative pathway for NO generation exists, which has become known as the 'nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway'. This pathway has been reported to improve endothelial dysfunction, protect against myocardial IRI and attenuate infarct size in various experimental models. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that nitrite itself provides multi-faceted protection, in an NO-independent fashion, against a myriad of pathophysiologies attributed to IRI. In this review, we explore the existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence for the role of nitrate and nitrite in cardioprotection and discuss the lessons learnt from the clinical trials for nitrite as a perconditioning agent. We also discuss the potential future for nitrite as a pre-conditioning intervention in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayleigh Griffiths
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jordan J Lee
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Michael P Frenneaux
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Bob Champion Research and Education Building, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Melanie Madhani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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17
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Tripathi G, Singh AK, Kumar A. Arylpyrazoles: Heterocyclic Scaffold of Immense Therapeutic Application. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417999200628035645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Among the major class of heterocycles, the N-heterocycles, such as pyrazoles,
are scaffolds of vast medicinal values. Various drugs and other biologically active molecules
are known to contain these N-heterocycles as core motifs. Specifically, arylpyrazoles
have exhibited a diverse range of biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anticancerous,
antimicrobial and various others. For instance, arylpyrazoles are present as
core moieties in various insecticides, fungicides and drugs such as Celebrex and Trocoxil.
The present review will be highlighting the significant therapeutic importance of pyrazole
derivatives developed in the last few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Tripathi
- Department of Chemistry, T. N. B. College, Tilka Manjhi Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
| | - Abhijeet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Bihar, India
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Co-treatment with nitroglycerin and metformin exhibits physicochemically and pathohistologically detectable anticancer effects on fibrosarcoma in hamsters. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110510. [PMID: 32707437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of nitroglycerin with metformin on fibrosarcoma in hamsters. Syrian golden hamsters of both sexes, weighing approximately 60 g, were randomly allocated to control and experimental groups, with 8 animals per group. In all groups, 2 × 106 BHK-21/C13 cells in 1 ml were injected subcutaneously into the animals' backs. Peroral treatment carried out with nitroglycerin 25 mg/kg daily, or with metformin 500 mg/kg daily, or with a combination of nitroglycerin 25 mg/kg and metformin 500 mg/kg daily. Later validation experiments were conducted with double doses of the single therapy and additional rescue doses of mebendazole 460 mg/kg daily, via a gastric probe after tumor inoculation. After 2 weeks, when the tumors were approximately 2-3 cm in the control group, all animals were sacrificed. Blood samples were collected for hematological and biochemical analyses, the tumors were excised and weighed, and their diameters and volumes were measured. The tumor samples were pathohistologically and immunohistochemically assessed for proliferation marker protein Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen PCNA, hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen CD34, cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX4), mitochondria marker Cytochrome C, glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and the main organs were toxicologically tested. The Ki-67 and PCNA positivity and the cytoplasmic marker (CD34, CD31, COX4, Cytochrome C, GLUT1, iNOS) immunoexpression in the tumor samples were quantified. The combination of nitroglycerin and metformin significantly inhibited fibrosarcoma growth in hamsters without toxicity, compared to monotherapy or control. The results were validated and confirmed in the subsequently accomplished experiment with doubled doses of the single drug therapy and in the rescue experiment with addition of mebendazole. The single treatments did not show significant antisarcoma effect, regardless of the dose. Co-treatment with mebendazole inhibited anticancer activity of the nitroglycerin and metformin combination. Mebendazole rescued tumor progression suppressed by the combination of nitroglycerin and metformin. Administration of nitroglycerin with metformin might be an effective and safe approach in novel nontoxic adjuvant and relapse prevention anticancer treatment.
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Abstract
Stable ischaemic heart disease is a frequent and very heterogeneous condition. Drug therapy is important, in these patients, for improving their prognosis and controlling their symptoms. The typical clinical manifestation of obstructive coronary disease is angina pectoris. This symptom can be improved by various classes of compounds, namely beta-blockers (BBs), calcium antagonist, and nitrates. More recently, ranolazine and ivabradine have been introduced. All these drugs have been proven to reduce significantly angina. On the other hand, there are no evidences supporting improvement in prognosis, besides for the use of BBs, in patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI) or systolic dysfunction. Besides drugs for symptoms control, these patients also receive antiplatelet drugs, specifically aspirin, and lipid lowering compounds such as statins. Furthermore, recent evidences supported the use of low doses direct anticoagulant, or a second antiplatelet agent in patients with previous MI. Similarly, a very low LDL cholesterol level, such as obtained with PCKS9 inhibitors, seems very beneficial in these patients. It is possible that in the near future a specific role for neo-angiogenesis factors and cellular therapies, could be proven, albeit, presently these treatments are not supported by solid evidences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Santucci
- S.C. di Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Riccini
- S.C. di Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Claudio Cavallini
- S.C. di Cardiologia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
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20
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Schwartz C, Fast D, Knight R. Poppers, queer sex and a Canadian crackdown: Examining the experiences of alkyl nitrite use among young sexual minority men. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 77:102670. [PMID: 32143965 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poppers (i.e., alkyl nitrites) are commonly used during sex by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (sexual minority men). Poppers act as vasodilators when inhaled, resulting in a sensation some users refer to as a 'head rush', while also relaxing smooth muscles and facilitating penetration during anal sex. In 2013, Health Canada initiated a crackdown on poppers products. The current study aims to examine the experiences and perspectives of young sexual minority men who use poppers in the context of the federal crackdown. METHODS We draw on 50 semi-structured, in-depth interviews collected from 2018 to 2019 in Vancouver with sexual minority men ages 15-30. We used a combination of both inductive and deductive techniques during data analysis to identify several key themes. RESULTS Participants' discussions reflected positive effects of poppers use relating to sexual pleasure and bodily control. Participants used poppers to enhance pleasure, reduce pain and injury (e.g., from tears in anal tissue), and improve their capacity to "let go" and enjoy sex. Conversely, some participants described a loss of control resulting from poppers use, including experiences of dependency on poppers for sexual pleasure. Poppers were also discussed as linked to participants' personal identities as sexual minority men. In the context of the federal crackdown, uncertainty about the health effects of poppers use was high, while knowledge to safely and comfortably procure poppers in Canada was, at times, low. CONCLUSION Poppers play an important role in the experience of sexual pleasure and the ability to reduce harms during anal sex. Unfortunately, the current crackdown restricts access to a safe and regulated supply while creating uncertainty and confusion about poppers use. We call on the federal government to bring the voices of sexual minority men to the forefront in the revisiting of the federal crackdown on poppers in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Schwartz
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada
| | - Danya Fast
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045 Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, 10th Floor, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada.
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21
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Knuuti J, Wijns W, Saraste A, Capodanno D, Barbato E, Funck-Brentano C, Prescott E, Storey RF, Deaton C, Cuisset T, Agewall S, Dickstein K, Edvardsen T, Escaned J, Gersh BJ, Svitil P, Gilard M, Hasdai D, Hatala R, Mahfoud F, Masip J, Muneretto C, Valgimigli M, Achenbach S, Bax JJ. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2020; 41:407-477. [PMID: 31504439 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3944] [Impact Index Per Article: 986.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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23
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Huang YY, Rajda PJ, Szewczyk G, Bhayana B, Chiang LY, Sarna T, Hamblin MR. Sodium nitrite potentiates antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: possible involvement of peroxynitrate. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:505-515. [PMID: 30534721 DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00452h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that a wide range of different inorganic salts can potentiate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation (aPDI) and TiO2-mediated antimicrobial photocatalysis. Potentiation has been shown with azide, bromide, thiocyanate, selenocyanate, and most strongly, with iodide. Here we show that sodium nitrite can also potentiate broad-spectrum aPDI killing of Gram-positive MRSA and Gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Literature reports have previously shown that two photosensitizers (PS), methylene blue (MB) and riboflavin, when excited by broad-band light in the presence of nitrite could lead to tyrosine nitration. Addition of up to 100 mM nitrite gave 6 logs of extra killing in the case of Rose Bengal excited by green light against E. coli, and 2 logs of extra killing against MRSA (eradication in both cases). Comparable results were obtained for other PS (TPPS4 + blue light and MB + red light). Some bacterial killing was obtained when bacteria were added after light using a functionalized fullerene (LC15) + nitrite + blue light, and tyrosine ester amide was nitrated using both "in" and "after" modes with all four PS. The mechanism could involve formation of peroxynitrate by a reaction between superoxide radicals and nitrogen dioxide radicals; formation of the latter species was demonstrated by spin trapping with nitromethane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Huang
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paweł J Rajda
- Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Szewczyk
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Brijesh Bhayana
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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24
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Zhao X, Wang M, Li M, Wu N, Song D. Cardioprotective Effect of Isosorbide Dinitrate Postconditioning Against Rat Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury In Vivo. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:1629-1636. [PMID: 30825410 PMCID: PMC6408869 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the cardioprotective effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) postconditioning against rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and provided a theoretical basis for clinical application. MATERIAL AND METHODS We randomly divided 32 Wistar rats into 4 groups: sham group, I/R (ischemia/reperfusion) group, I-PostC group (with 3 cycles of 30 s reperfusion and 30 s reocclusion applied at the onset of reperfusion), and P-PostC group (nitrate postconditioning: isosorbide dinitrate (5mg/kg) was given 1 min before reperfusion). The left anterior descending artery (LAD) was occluded for 40 min, followed by a 180-min reperfusion. Relevant indicators were tested. The LAD was occluded again, then we determined the myocardial infarct size. Paraffinized sections were prepared and TUNEL detection was performed. RESULTS There were no significant differences in ischemic sizes between different groups. Compared with the I/R group, the levels of cTnI and myocardial infarct size in the I-PostC group and P-PostC group were significantly decreased (p<0.05). However, there were no significant difference between the I-PostC group and P-PostC group. Compared with the sham-operated group, the levels of cTnI and MDA in the I/R group, I-PostC group, and P-PostC group were significantly increased (p<0.05) and the levels of SOD were significantly decreased (p<0.05). Compared with the I/R group, I-PostC and P-PostC decreased the level of MDA and increased the level of SOD (both P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS ISDN postconditioning induces a similar cardioprotective effect as I-PostC. The potential mechanisms of cardioprotection of ISDN postconditioning might be via improvement of myocardial antioxidant capacity and reduced generation of reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwen Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mengjuan Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Na Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Dalin Song
- Department of Geriatrics, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital Group, Qingdao, Shandong, China (mainland)
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25
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Mittal R, Jhaveri VM, Kay SIS, Greer A, Sutherland KJ, McMurry HS, Lin N, Mittal J, Malhotra AK, Patel AP. Recent Advances in Understanding the Pathogenesis of Cardiovascular Diseases and Development of Treatment Modalities. Cardiovasc Hematol Disord Drug Targets 2019; 19:19-32. [PMID: 29737266 DOI: 10.2174/1871529x18666180508111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The underlying pathology for cardiovascular disease is largely atherosclerotic in nature and the steps include fatty streak formation, plaque progression and plaque rupture. While there is optimal drug therapy available for patients with CVD, there are also underlying drug delivery obstacles that must be addressed. Challenges in drug delivery warrant further studies for the development of novel and more efficacious medical therapies. An extensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms of disease in combination with current challenges in drug delivery serves as a platform for the development of novel drug therapeutic targets for CVD. The objective of this article is to review the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, first-line medical treatment for CVD, and key obstacles in an efficient drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Vasanti M Jhaveri
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Sae-In Samantha Kay
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida FL, United States
| | - Aubrey Greer
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Kyle J Sutherland
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Hannah S McMurry
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Nicole Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Jeenu Mittal
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Arul K Malhotra
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida FL, United States
| | - Amit P Patel
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida FL, United States
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Use of nitroglycerin ointment to treat primary and secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon: a systematic literature review. Rheumatol Int 2018; 38:2209-2216. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-018-4119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Efird JT, Jindal C, Kiser AC, Akhter SA, Crane PB, Kypson AP, Sverdlov AL, Davies SW, Kindell LC, Anderson EJ. Increased risk of atrial fibrillation among patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery while receiving nitrates and antiplatelet agents. J Int Med Res 2018; 46:3183-3194. [PMID: 29808744 PMCID: PMC6134635 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518773934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a frequent complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This arrhythmia occurs more frequently among patients who receive perioperative inotropic therapy (PINOT). Administration of nitrates with antiplatelet agents reduces the conversion rate of cyclic guanosine monophosphate to guanosine monophosphate. This process is associated with increased concentrations of free radicals, catecholamines, and blood plasma volume. We hypothesized that patients undergoing CABG surgery who receive PINOT may be more susceptible to POAF when nitrates are administered with antiplatelet agents. Methods Clinical records were examined from a prospectively maintained cohort of 4,124 patients undergoing primary isolated CABG surgery to identify POAF-associated factors. Results POAF risk was increased among patients receiving PINOT, and the greatest effect was observed when nitrates were administered with antiplatelet therapy. Adjustment for comorbidities did not substantively change the study results. Conclusions Administration of nitrates with certain antiplatelet agents was associated with an increased POAF risk among patients undergoing CABG surgery. Additional studies are needed to determine whether preventive strategies such as administration of antioxidants will reduce this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy T. Efird
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Charulata Jindal
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andy C. Kiser
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Shahab A. Akhter
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Patricia B. Crane
- Office of the Dean, College of Nursing, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Alan P. Kypson
- Cardiac Surgical Specialists, REX Health Care, University of North Carolina, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Aaron L. Sverdlov
- Priority Clinical Centre for Cardiovascular Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen W. Davies
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Linda C. Kindell
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ethan J. Anderson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Sheng M, Lu H, Liu P, Li Y, Ravi H, Peng SL, Diaz-Arrastia R, Devous MD, Womack KB. Sildenafil Improves Vascular and Metabolic Function in Patients with Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1351-1364. [PMID: 29036811 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the leading cause of degenerative dementia in the aging population. Patients with AD have alterations in cerebral hemodynamic function including reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate. Therefore, improved cerebrovascular function may be an attractive goal for pharmaceutical intervention in AD. OBJECTIVE We wished to observe the acute effects of sildenafil on cerebrovascular function and brain metabolism in patients with AD. METHODS We used several novel non-invasive MRI techniques to investigate the alterations of CBF, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2), and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) after a single dose of sildenafil administration in order to assess its physiological effects in patients with AD. CBF, CMRO2, and CVR measurements using MRI were performed before and one hour after the oral administration of 50 mg sildenafil. Baseline Montreal Cognitive Assessment score was also obtained. RESULTS Complete CBF and CMRO2 data were obtained in twelve patients. Complete CVR data were obtained in eight patients. Global CBF and CMRO2 significantly increased (p = 0.03, p = 0.05, respectively) following sildenafil administration. Voxel-wise analyses of CBF maps showed that increased CBF was most pronounced in the bilateral medial temporal lobes. CVR significantly decreased after administration of sildenafil. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that a single dose of sildenafil improves cerebral hemodynamic function and increases cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sheng
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Beijing Eden Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanzhang Lu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peiying Liu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harshan Ravi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Lei Peng
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Presbyterian Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael D Devous
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle B Womack
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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29
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Curtiss P, Schwager Z, Cobos G, Lo Sicco K, Franks AG. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of topical nitrates in the treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 78:1110-1118.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Kloner RA, Goggin P, Goldstein I, Hackett G, Kirby MG, Osterloh I, Parker JD, Sadovsky R. A New Perspective on the Nitrate-Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Interaction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2018; 23:375-386. [PMID: 29739235 DOI: 10.1177/1074248418771896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrates and nitrate-containing compounds are vasodilators used for the treatment of angina and heart failure. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction are also vasodilators, and when taken together with nitrates, synergistic effects that enhance hypotensive effects may occur. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are therefore contraindicated in patients taking organic nitrates. METHODS AND RESULTS A literature review was performed to provide a historical overview of different phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and nitrates and their interaction. The pharmacologic characteristics of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and nitrates are reviewed, and clinical recommendations for treating cardiovascular disease in men taking phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are discussed. Pharmacologic and adverse drug reactions between nitrates and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors are dependent on many variables. Organic nitrates remain an absolute contraindication in men treated with phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. In general, nitrates may be taken 24 hours after the last dose of short-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and 48 hours after the last dose of long-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS This literature review determined that the use of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors with nitrates is a contraindication, with the duration between the last dose of phosphodiesterase inhibitor and nitrate use generally varying between short- and long-acting phosphodiesterase type 5 formulations. Patients receiving nitrates who wish to use phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors should be educated regarding the interaction and should be evaluated to determine whether nitrate treatment can be discontinued. Further research is needed to determine how soon phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors can be restarted after a patient has taken a nitrate and the effect of high and low phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor doses on the interaction effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kloner
- 1 Huntington Medical Research Institutes, Pasadena, CA, USA.,2 Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael G Kirby
- 6 Health & Human Sciences, Centre for Research in Primary & Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | | | - John D Parker
- 8 Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard Sadovsky
- 9 State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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31
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Khairy M, Ayoub HA, Banks CE. Large-scale production of CdO/Cd(OH)2 nanocomposites for non-enzyme sensing and supercapacitor applications. RSC Adv 2018; 8:921-930. [PMID: 35538943 PMCID: PMC9076989 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09457d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in electrode design are substantially linked to state-of-the-art nanomaterial fabrications. Herein, we report a simple one-pot hydrothermal synthesis of Cd(OH)2 with a platelet-like morphology, which was subsequently annealed at relatively high temperatures to produce a CdO/Cd(OH)2 nanocomposite for the first time. It was found that the control of thermal treatment allowed tunable charge transport across the nanometre scale due to the presence of CdO and Cd(OH)2 mixed nanocrystals. The CdO/Cd(OH)2 nanocrystals offer interesting prospects for the electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite ions and for supercapacitor applications. The CdO/Cd(OH)2 nanocomposite was blended with a trace amount of gold NPs for enhancing the electrochemical conductivity and electrocatalytic capability for nitrite oxidation with a sensitivity of 32.9 μA mM−1. It afforded a promising electrocatalyst in a wide concentration range up to 10 mM with a low detection limit of 0.87 μM. Furthermore, the CdO/Cd(OH)2 nanocomposite electrode was showed to be a highly active and stable supercapacitor, achieving a high specific capacitance in an alkaline medium of about 145 F g−1 at a discharge current of 2.0 A g−1. These results have revealed that the presence of mixed oxide/hydroxide nanocrystals in nanoscale dimensions will be very interesting for various electrochemical applications and provide for a new class of nanodevices based on electrochemistry with unique capabilities. A simple fabrication of CdO/Cd(OH)2 nanocomposites was developed and explored for electrochemical-based devices. The nanocomposite is shown to be a sensitive electrode material for nitrite determination in water samples as well as a promising supercapacitor.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khairy
- Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Science
- Sohag University
- Egypt
| | | | - Craig E. Banks
- Faculty of Science and Engineering
- Manchester Metropolitan University
- Manchester M1 5GD
- UK
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32
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Kumazoe M, Yamashita M, Nakamura Y, Takamatsu K, Bae J, Yamashita S, Yamada S, Onda H, Nojiri T, Kangawa K, Tachibana H. Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG Upregulates Tollip Expression by Suppressing Elf-1 Expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:3261-3269. [PMID: 28954885 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
TLR signaling is critical to innate immune system regulation; however, aberrant TLR signaling is involved in several diseases, including insulin resistance, Alzheimer's disease, and tumor metastasis. Moreover, a recent study found that TLR-4 signaling pathway inhibition might be a target for the suppression of chronic inflammatory disorders. In this article, we show that the green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) increases the expression of Toll interacting protein, a strong inhibitor of TLR4 signaling, by suppressing the expression of E74-like ETS transcription factor 1 (Elf-1). A mechanistic study revealed that EGCG suppressed Elf-1 expression via protein phosphatase 2A/cyclic GMP (cGMP)-dependent mechanisms. We also confirmed that orally administered EGCG and a cGMP inducer upregulated Toll interacting protein expression, increased intracellular levels of cGMP in macrophages, and suppressed Elf-1 expression. These data support EGCG and a cGMP inducer as potential candidate suppressors of TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and.,Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Mai Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
| | - Kanako Takamatsu
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
| | - Jaehoon Bae
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
| | - Hiroaki Onda
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Nojiri
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan; and
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33
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Kumazoe M, Takai M, Hiroi S, Takeuchi C, Kadomatsu M, Nojiri T, Onda H, Bae J, Huang Y, Takamatsu K, Yamashita S, Kangawa K, Tachibana H. The FOXO3/PGC-1β signaling axis is essential for cancer stem cell properties of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10813-10823. [PMID: 28507102 PMCID: PMC5491768 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In 95% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, recurrence is observed following chemotherapy. Findings from several studies have indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are resistant to anticancer agents and may be involved in cancer recurrence and metastasis. The CD44 protein is a major CSC marker, and CD44 also plays an indispensable role in the CSC properties in several cancers, including pancreatic cancer; however, no clinical approach exists to inhibit CD44 activity. Here, we have performed knock-in/knockdown experiments, and we demonstrate that the forkhead box O3 (FOXO3)/liver kinase B1 (LKB1)/AMP-activated protein kinase/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ co-activator-1β (PGC-1β)/pyruvate dehydrogenase-A1 pathway is essential for CD44 expression and CSC properties. We observed that patients exhibiting high pyruvate dehydrogenase-A1 expression have a poor prognosis. Systemic PGC-1β knock-out mice are fertile and viable and do not exhibit an overt phenotype under normal conditions. This suggests that cGMP induction and PGC-1β inhibition represent potential strategies for treating patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Kumazoe
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
- the Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita-City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Mika Takai
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Shun Hiroi
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Chieri Takeuchi
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Mai Kadomatsu
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Takashi Nojiri
- the Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita-City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onda
- the Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita-City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Jaehoon Bae
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Yuhui Huang
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Kanako Takamatsu
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Shuya Yamashita
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
| | - Kenji Kangawa
- the Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishiro-dai, Suita-City, Osaka 565-8565, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- From the Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan and
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Lavon O, Avrahami A, Eisenkraft A. Effectiveness of isosorbide dinitrate in cyanide poisoning as a function of the administration timing. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 18:13. [PMID: 28288687 PMCID: PMC5348846 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-017-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Better and safer antidotes against cyanide poisoning are needed. Prior study has shown a favorable effect of isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) on the survival of cyanide-poisoned rabbits when administered as early as 1 min after poisoning. The aim of the current study was to further evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ISDN administered in clinically relevant timing for first responders. METHODS A comparative animal study using 24 rabbits in 4 randomized study groups was performed. Animals were poisoned with intravenous potassium cyanide (1 mg/kg). Animals in Group 1 served as controls and received no treatment. Groups 2-4 animals were treated intravenously with ISDN (50 μg/kg) after poisoning; one group after 3 min, another group after 5 min and the last after 7 min. Animals were observed for 30 min after poisoning. The study endpoints included survival rate, clinical status, blood pressure, pulse per minute, blood lactate and pH. RESULTS Five of 6 animals (83.3%) from every treatment group survived the whole observation period while all control untreated animals died. All the rabbits collapsed immediately after exposure, showing rapidly deteriorated vital signs with lactic metabolic acidosis (peak blood lactate levels of 18.1 to 19.0 mmol/L on average at 10 min post exposure). Vital signs, clinical scores, and blood gases of treated rabbits gradually improved. CONCLUSION Poisoned rabbits showed improved short-term survival following the administration of ISDN up to 7 min after lethal cyanide poisoning of. We see a potential for ISDN as an antidote against cyanide poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Lavon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Carmel Medical Center, 7 Michal St., Haifa, 3436212 Israel
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amit Avrahami
- Pre Clinical Research Authority, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arik Eisenkraft
- Institute for Research in Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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35
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De Silva D, Lee S, Duke A, Angalakurthi S, Chou CE, Ebrahimpour A, Thompson DE, Petrikovics I. Intravascular Residence Time Determination for the Cyanide Antidote Dimethyl Trisulfide in Rat by Using Liquid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with High Performance Liquid Chromatography. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:6546475. [PMID: 28053802 PMCID: PMC5174746 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6546475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
These studies represent the first report on the intravascular residence time determinations for the cyanide antidote dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS) in a rat model by using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy (HPLC-UV). The newly developed sample preparation included liquid-liquid extraction by cyclohexanone. The calibration curves showed a linear response for DMTS concentrations between 0.010 and 0.30 mg/mL with R2 = 0.9994. The limit of detection for DMTS via this extraction method was 0.010 mg/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.034 mg/mL. Thus this calibration curve provided a tool for determining DMTS in the range between 0.04 and 0.30 mg/mL. Rats were given 20 mg/kg DMTS dose (in 15% Polysorbate 80) intravenously, and blood samples were taken 15, 60, 90, 120, and 240 min after DMTS injections. The data points were plotted as DMTS concentration in RBCs versus time, and the intravascular residence time was determined graphically. The results indicated a half-life of 36 min in a rat model, suggesting that the circulation time is long enough to provide a reasonable time interval for cyanide antagonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepthika De Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - Steven Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - Anna Duke
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - Siva Angalakurthi
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - Ching-En Chou
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - Afshin Ebrahimpour
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - David E. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
| | - Ilona Petrikovics
- Department of Chemistry, Sam Houston State University, 1003 Bowers Blvd, Huntsville Texas, TX 77340, USA
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36
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Zhao N, Xu J, Singh B, Yu X, Wu T, Huang Y. Nitrates for the prevention of cardiac morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016; 2016:CD010726. [PMID: 27488764 PMCID: PMC9278527 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd010726.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac complications are not uncommon in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, especially in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or at high risk of CAD. Perioperative cardiac complications can lead to mortality and morbidity, as well as higher costs for patient care. Nitrates, which are among the most commonly used cardiovascular drugs, perform the function of decreasing cardiac preload while improving cardiac blood perfusion. Sometimes, nitrates are administered to patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery to reduce the incidence of cardiac complications, especially for patients with CAD. However, their effects on patients' relevant outcomes remain controversial. OBJECTIVES • To assess effects of nitrates as compared with other interventions or placebo in reducing cardiac risk (such as death caused by cardiac factors, angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, acute heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia) in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.• To identify the influence of different routes and dosages of nitrates on patient outcomes. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Chinese BioMedical Database until June 2014. We also searched relevant conference abstracts of important anaesthesiology or cardiology scientific meetings, the database of ongoing trials and Google Scholar.We reran the search in January 2016. We added three potential new studies of interest to the list of 'Studies awaiting classification' and will incorporate them into our formal review findings for the review update. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing nitrates versus no treatment, placebo or other pharmacological interventions in participants (15 years of age and older) undergoing non-cardiac surgery under any type of anaesthesia. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS We used standard methodological procedures as expected by Cochrane. Two review authors selected trials, extracted data from included studies and assessed risk of bias. We resolved differences by discussion and, when necessary, sought help and suggestions from a third review author. We used a random-effects model for data analysis. MAIN RESULTS We included 27 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (8244 participants analysed). Investigators reported 12 different comparisons of three different nitrates (nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and nicorandil) versus no treatment, placebo or other pharmacological interventions. All participants were older than 15 years of age. More than half of the trials used general anaesthesia. Surgical procedures in most trials were at low to moderate risk for perioperative cardiac complications. Only two comparisons including three studies reported the primary outcome - all-cause mortality up to 30 days post operation. Researchers reported other morbidity outcomes and adverse events in a variable and heterogeneous way, resulting in limited available data for inclusion in the meta-analysis. We determined that the overall methodological quality of included studies was fair to low, in accordance with risk of bias in most domains.In summary, we found no difference in the primary outcome - all-cause mortality up to 30 days post operation - when nitroglycerin was compared with no treatment (one study, 60 participants, 0/30 vs 1/30; (risk ratio (RR) 0.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01 to 7.87, very low-quality evidence based on GRADE criteria) or with placebo (two studies, 89 participants, 1/45 vs 0/44; RR 2.81, 95% CI 0.12 to 63.83, very low-quality evidence). Regarding our secondary outcomes, we noted no statistically significant differences in angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, acute heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest in any comparisons. In comparisons versus nitroglycerin, although more events of cardiac ischaemia were observed in participants receiving no treatment or placebo, we found no statistically significant differences in any comparisons, except the comparison of nicorandil versus placebo. One study revealed a potential dose-dependent protective effect of nicorandil for cardiac ischaemia.Adverse events were reported in a heterogeneous way among the comparisons. In general, more participants treated with nitrates had hypotension, tachycardia and headache, but investigators reported no statistically significant differences between groups in any comparisons. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that nitroglycerin or isosorbide dinitrate is not associated with improvement in mortality and cardiac complications among patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Limited evidence suggests that nicorandil may reduce the risk of cardiac ischaemia in participants undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Additional studies are needed to consolidate the evidence.However, the data included in many of the analyses in this review are sparse - that is, adequate data are few - resulting in very low power to detect differences between nitrates and comparators. Thus, a more objective conclusion would state that available evidence is insufficient to show whether nitrates are associated with improvement in mortality and cardiac complications among patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.Over the past decade, no high-quality studies have focused on association of cardiac mortality and morbidity with use of nitrates during non-cardiac surgery. This review underlines the need for well-designed trials in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of AnesthesiologyBeijingChina
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of AnesthesiologyBeijingChina100730
| | - Jin Xu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeEmergency DepartmentNo.1, Shuaifuyuan, Dongcheng DistrictBeijingChina100730
| | - Balwinder Singh
- University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences1919 Elm Street NFargoNorth DakotaUSA58103
| | - Xuerong Yu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of AnesthesiologyBeijingChina100730
| | - Taixiang Wu
- West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chinese Ethics Committee of Registering Clinical TrialsNo. 37, Guo Xue XiangChengduSichuanChina610041
| | - Yuguang Huang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeDepartment of AnesthesiologyBeijingChina100730
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Porpino SKP, Zollbrecht C, Peleli M, Montenegro MF, Brandão MCR, Athayde-Filho PF, França-Silva MS, Larsson E, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E, Persson EG, Braga VA, Carlström M. Nitric oxide generation by the organic nitrate NDBP attenuates oxidative stress and angiotensin II-mediated hypertension. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:2290-302. [PMID: 27160064 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE NO deficiency and oxidative stress are crucially involved in the development or progression of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension and stroke. We have previously demonstrated that acute treatment with the newly discovered organic nitrate, 2-nitrate-1,3-dibuthoxypropan (NDBP), is associated with NO-like effects in the vasculature. This study aimed to further characterize the mechanism(s) and to elucidate the therapeutic potential in a model of hypertension and oxidative stress. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A combination of ex vivo, in vitro and in vivo approaches was used to assess the effects of NDBP on vascular reactivity, NO release, NADPH oxidase activity and in a model of hypertension. KEY RESULTS Ex vivo vascular studies demonstrated NDBP-mediated vasorelaxation in mesenteric resistance arteries, which was devoid of tolerance. In vitro studies using liver and kidney homogenates revealed dose-dependent and sustained NO generation by NDBP, which was attenuated by the xanthine oxidase inhibitor febuxostat. In addition, NDBP reduced NADPH oxidase activity in the liver and prevented angiotensin II-induced activation of NADPH oxidase in the kidney. In vivo studies showed that NDBP halted the progression of hypertension in mice with chronic angiotensin II infusion. This was associated with attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, and reduced NADPH oxidase-derived oxidative stress and fibrosis in the kidney and heart. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The novel organic nitrate NDBP halts the progression of angiotensin II-mediated hypertension. Mechanistically, our findings suggest that NDBP treatment is associated with sustained NO release and attenuated activity of NADPH oxidase, which to some extent requires functional xanthine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suênia K P Porpino
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Christa Zollbrecht
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Peleli
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Maria C R Brandão
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erik Larsson
- Dept. of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jon O Lundberg
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Weitzberg
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik G Persson
- Dept. of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Valdir A Braga
- Biotechnology Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Mattias Carlström
- Dept. of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX), characterized by angina-like chest discomfort, ST segment depression during exercise, and normal epicardial coronary arteries at angiography, is highly prevalent in women. CSX is not benign, and linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and a poor quality of life. Coronary microvascular and endothelial dysfunction and abnormal cardiac nociception have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CSX. Treatment includes life-style modification, anti-anginal, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-ischemic medications. Non-pharmacological options include cognitive behavioral therapy, enhanced external counterpulsation, neurostimulation, and stellate ganglionectomy. Studies have shown the efficacy of individual treatments but guidelines outlining the best course of therapy are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Agrawal
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Puja K Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Kuzenkov VS, Krushinskii AL. Effect of Sodium Nitrite and L-NNA on the Outcome of Experimental Ischemic Stroke. Bull Exp Biol Med 2015; 159:217-20. [PMID: 26085355 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-015-2926-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We studied the effect of sodium nitrite in doses of 5 and 50 mg/kg and NO synthase inhibitor L-NNA in a dose of 20 mg/kg on the course of experimental ischemic stroke caused by occlusion of both carotid arteries. Sodium nitrite and NO synthase inhibitor were administered 1 h prior to occlusion of еру carotid arteries and 5 sec after brain ischemia. Sodium nitrite in a dose of 5 mg/kg had a protective effect on the time course of neurological disorders and reduced animal mortality. NO synthase inhibitor L-NNA aggravated the neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Kuzenkov
- Biological Faculty, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia,
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Baek JH, Zhang X, Williams MC, Hicks W, Buehler PW, D'Agnillo F. Sodium nitrite potentiates renal oxidative stress and injury in hemoglobin exposed guinea pigs. Toxicology 2015; 333:89-99. [PMID: 25891524 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2015.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Methemoglobin-forming drugs, such as sodium nitrite (NaNO2), may exacerbate oxidative toxicity under certain chronic or acute hemolytic settings. In this study, we evaluated markers of renal oxidative stress and injury in guinea pigs exposed to extracellular hemoglobin (Hb) followed by NaNO2 at doses sufficient to simulate clinically relevant acute methemoglobinemia. NaNO2 induced rapid and extensive oxidation of plasma Hb in this model. This was accompanied by increased renal expression of the oxidative response effectors nuclear factor erythroid 2-derived-factor 2 (Nrf-2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), elevated non-heme iron deposition, lipid peroxidation, interstitial inflammatory cell activation, increased expression of tubular injury markers kidney injury-1 marker (KIM-1) and liver-fatty acid binding protein (L-FABP), podocyte injury, and cell death. Importantly, these indicators of renal oxidative stress and injury were minimal or absent following infusion of Hb or NaNO2 alone. Together, these results suggest that the exposure to NaNO2 in settings associated with increased extracellular Hb may potentiate acute renal toxicity via processes that are independent of NaNO2 induced erythrocyte methemoglobinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyen Baek
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Matthew C Williams
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Wayne Hicks
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Felice D'Agnillo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Vascular Biology, Division of Hematology Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Nishino T, Okamoto K. Mechanistic insights into xanthine oxidoreductase from development studies of candidate drugs to treat hyperuricemia and gout. J Biol Inorg Chem 2015; 20:195-207. [PMID: 25501928 PMCID: PMC4334109 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-014-1210-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is widely distributed from humans to bacteria, has a key role in purine catabolism, catalyzing two steps of sequential hydroxylation from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate at its molybdenum cofactor (Moco). Human XOR is considered to be a target of drugs not only for therapy of hyperuricemia and gout, but also potentially for a wide variety of other diseases. In this review, we focus on studies of XOR inhibitors and their implications for understanding the chemical nature and reaction mechanism of the Moco active site of XOR. We also discuss further experimental or clinical studies that would be helpful to clarify remaining issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo, 113-8602, Japan,
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Chan A, Jiang J, Fridman A, Guo LT, Shelton GD, Liu MT, Green C, Haushalter KJ, Patel HH, Lee J, Yoon D, Burney T, Mukai D, Mahon SB, Brenner M, Pilz RB, Boss GR. Nitrocobinamide, a new cyanide antidote that can be administered by intramuscular injection. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1750-9. [PMID: 25650735 DOI: 10.1021/jm501565k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Currently available cyanide antidotes must be given by intravenous injection over 5-10 min, making them ill-suited for treating many people in the field, as could occur in a major fire, an industrial accident, or a terrorist attack. These scenarios call for a drug that can be given quickly, e.g., by intramuscular injection. We have shown that aquohydroxocobinamide is a potent cyanide antidote in animal models of cyanide poisoning, but it is unstable in solution and poorly absorbed after intramuscular injection. Here we show that adding sodium nitrite to cobinamide yields a stable derivative (referred to as nitrocobinamide) that rescues cyanide-poisoned mice and rabbits when given by intramuscular injection. We also show that the efficacy of nitrocobinamide is markedly enhanced by coadministering sodium thiosulfate (reducing the total injected volume), and we calculate that ∼1.4 mL each of nitrocobinamide and sodium thiosulfate should rescue a human from a lethal cyanide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Chan
- Departments of †Medicine, ‡Pathology, §Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ∥Anesthesiology, University of California-San Diego , La Jolla, California 92093-0652, United States
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Lavon O. Early administration of isosorbide dinitrate improves survival of cyanide-poisoned rabbits. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2014; 53:22-7. [PMID: 25519879 DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2014.990564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT More effective, rapidly delivered, safer antidotes are needed for cyanide poisoning. Previous study has demonstrated a beneficial effect of isosorbide dinitrate on the survival of cyanide-poisoned mice. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of isosorbide dinitrate compared with that of sodium nitrite in cyanide poisoning. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comparative animal study was performed using 18 rabbits, randomized into 3 study groups. Animals were poisoned intravenously with potassium cyanide (1 mg/kg). The first group was not given any further treatment. The second and third groups were treated intravenously 1 min after poisoning with sodium nitrite (6 mg/kg) and isosorbide dinitrate (50 μg/kg), respectively. The primary outcome was short-term survival of up to 30 min. Secondary outcomes included time to death, a clinical score, mean blood pressure, pulse, blood pH, and lactate and methemoglobin levels. RESULTS Rabbits treated with isosorbide dinitrate or sodium nitrite survived while only one untreated rabbit survived. Median time to death of the 5 poisoned and untreated animals was 10 min. All the animals collapsed soon after poisoning, exhibiting rapidly disturbed vital signs and developed lactic metabolic acidosis; average peak blood lactate levels were 15.5-19.1 mmol/L at 10 min after poisoning. The treated animals improved gradually with practically full recovery of the clinical scores, vital signs, and blood gas levels. Sodium nitrite administration raised methemoglobin to an average peak of 7.9%, while isosorbide dinitrate did not change methemoglobin levels. CONCLUSION Early administration of isosorbide dinitrate improved the short-term survival of cyanide-poisoned rabbits. Isosorbide dinitrate shows potential as an antidote for cyanide poisoning and may exert its effect using a nitric-oxide-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophir Lavon
- Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Carmel Medical Center , Haifa , Israel
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Regulation of vascular tone in rabbit ophthalmic artery: cross talk of endogenous and exogenous gas mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 92:661-8. [PMID: 25451691 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S) modulate vascular tone. In view of their therapeutic potential for ocular diseases, we examined the effect of exogenous CO and H2S on tone of isolated rabbit ophthalmic artery and their interaction with endogenous and exogenous NO. Ophthalmic artery segments mounted on a wire myograph were challenged with cumulative concentrations of phenylephrine (PE) in the presence or absence of NG-nitro-L-arginine (LNNA) to inhibit production of NO, the CO-releasing molecules CORMs or the H2S-donor GYY4137. The maximal vasoconstriction elicited by PE reached 20-30% of that induced by KCl but was dramatically increased by incubation with LNNA. GYY4137 significantly raised PE-mediated vasoconstriction, but it did not change the response to PE in the presence of LNNA or the relaxation to sodium nitroprusside (SNP). CORMs concentration-dependently inhibited PE-induced constriction, an effect that was synergistic with endogenous NO (reduced by LNNA), but insensitive to blockade of guanylyl cyclase by 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-α]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). In vascular tissues cyclic GMP (cGMP) levels seemed reduced by GYY4137 (not significantly), but were not changed by CORM. These data indicate that CO is able per se to relax isolated ophthalmic artery and to synergize with NO, while H2S counteracts the effect of endogenous NO. CO does not stimulate cGMP production in our system, while H2S may reduce cGMP production stimulated by endogenous NO. These findings provide new insights into the complexities of gas interactions in the control of ophthalmic vascular tone, highlighting potential pharmacological targets for ocular diseases.
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Abstract
Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX), characterized by angina-like chest discomfort, ST segment depression during exercise, and normal epicardial coronary arteries at angiography, is highly prevalent in women. CSX is not benign, and linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and a poor quality of life. Coronary microvascular and endothelial dysfunction and abnormal cardiac nociception have been implicated in the pathogenesis of CSX. Treatment includes life-style modification, anti-anginal, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti-ischemic medications. Non-pharmacological options include cognitive behavioral therapy, enhanced external counterpulsation, neurostimulation, and stellate ganglionectomy. Studies have shown the efficacy of individual treatments but guidelines outlining the best course of therapy are lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa Agrawal
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Puja K Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - C Noel Bairey Merz
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Barbra Streisand Women's Heart Center, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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Bertin R, Chen Z, Martínez-Vázquez M, García-Argaéz A, Froldi G. Vasodilation and radical-scavenging activity of imperatorin and selected coumarinic and flavonoid compounds from genus Casimiroa. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:586-594. [PMID: 24309287 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a very widespread condition which is not strictly considered as an illness but if not countered, progressively causes damage to all tissues and loss in their functionality. For this reason the find of new antihypertensive agents is prominent and medicinal plants and their derivatives are valuable for the purpose. The genus Casimiroa (Rutaceae) includes plants from Central America and Mexico; among these, Casimiroa edulis Llave et Lex. and Casimiroa pubescens Ramirez are the most relevant species, even for their medicinal uses. The decoction of leaves and seeds is traditionally taken as a tea mainly to lower blood pressure. The object of this research was the study of vascular activity of coumarinic and flavonoid compounds isolated from seeds of Casimiroa spp. in comparison with Casimiroa edulis and Casimiroa pubescens extracts. The phenolic compounds isolated from Casimiroa were herniarin (Her), imperatorin (Imp), 8-geranyloxypsoralen (GOP) and 5,6,2',3',4'-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF). All these compounds induced vasorelaxation on rat arterial tissues although with different effectiveness. To study the cellular mechanisms of the vasorelaxation exhibited by imperatorin, we used selective inhibitors of different receptors and enzymes, such as atropine, pyrilamine, nifedipine, L-NAME and DETC. In a further step of this research, we evaluated the radical-scavenging activity of Casimiroa extracts and isolated compounds by means of DPPH assay. In general, we observed that the scavenging activities increased in a concentration-dependent manner for all substances. The phenolic compounds highlight a synergism of vasodilation and antioxidant activity which may be very useful in the management of cardiovascular diseases. Among the evaluated compounds, imperatorin shows a significant vasorelaxant activity even higher than acetylcholine and similar to nitrite, and also useful antiradical capabilities. All these properties suggest its possible role against hypertension and vasculopathies, even if in vivo studies are needed to determine the actual applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bertin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Z Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Martínez-Vázquez
- Instituto de Química, Univesidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510 D.F., Mexico
| | - A García-Argaéz
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - G Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Largo E. Meneghetti 2, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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Ebmeyer U, Esser T, Keilhoff G. Low-dose nitroglycerine improves outcome after cardiac arrest in rats. Resuscitation 2014; 85:276-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Nitroglycerine-induced nitrate tolerance compromises propofol protection of the endothelial cells against TNF-α: the role of PKC-β2 and NADPH oxidase. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:678484. [PMID: 24396568 PMCID: PMC3874952 DOI: 10.1155/2013/678484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Continuous treatment with organic nitrates causes nitrate tolerance and endothelial dysfunction, which is involved with protein kinase C (PKC) signal pathway and NADPH oxidase activation. We determined whether chronic administration with nitroglycerine compromises the protective effects of propofol against tumor necrosis factor (TNF-) induced toxicity in endothelial cells by PKC-β2 dependent NADPH oxidase activation. Primary cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells were either treated or untreated with TNF-α (40 ng/mL) alone or in the presence of the specific PKC-β2 inhibitor CGP53353 (1 μM)), nitroglycerine (10 μM), propofol (100 μM), propofol plus nitroglycerin, or CGP53353 plus nitroglycerine, respectively, for 24 hours. TNF-α increased the levels of superoxide, Nox (nitrate and nitrite), malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine production, accompanied by increased protein expression of p-PKC-β2, gP91phox, and endothelial cell apoptosis, whereas all these changes were further enhanced by nitroglycerine. CGP53353 and propofol, respectively, reduced TNF-α induced oxidative stress and cell toxicity. CGP53353 completely prevented TNF-α induced oxidative stress and cell toxicity in the presence or absence of nitroglycerine, while the protective effects of propofol were neutralized by nitroglycerine. It is concluded that nitroglycerine comprises the protective effects of propofol against TNF-α stimulation in endothelial cells, primarily through PKC-β2 dependent NADPH oxidase activation.
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Effect of cation type and concentration of nitrates on neurological disorders during experimental cerebral ischemia. Bull Exp Biol Med 2013; 155:748-51. [PMID: 24288757 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-013-2243-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were performed on the model of ischemic stroke due to bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. Nitrates had various effects on the dynamics of neurological disorders and mortality rate of Wistar rats, which depended on the cation type and concentration.
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