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Luo F, Wu L, Xie G, Gao F, Zhang Z, Chen G, Liu Z, Zha L, Zhang G, Sun Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y. Dual-Functional MN-08 Attenuated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Through Vasodilation and Inhibition of Pulmonary Arterial Remodeling. Hypertension 2021; 77:1787-1798. [PMID: 33775126 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangcheng Luo
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (F.L., L.W.)
| | - Liangmiao Wu
- From the Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (F.L., L.W.)
| | - Guoqing Xie
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - FangFang Gao
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Guangying Chen
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, P. R. China (Z.L.)
| | - Ling Zha
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research, International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education, Jinan University College of Pharmacy, China (G.X., F.G., Zhixiang Zhang, G.C., L.Z., G.Z., Y.S., Zaijun Zhang, Y.W.)
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Arora TK, Arora AK, Sachdeva MK, Rajput SK, Sharma AK. Pulmonary hypertension: Molecular aspects of current therapeutic intervention and future direction. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3794-3804. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit K. Arora
- Cardiovascular DivisionSir Ganga ram HospitalNew DelhiIndia
| | | | - Satyendra K. Rajput
- Department of Cardiovascular PharmacologyAmity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
| | - Arun K. Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular PharmacologyAmity UniversityNoidaUttar PradeshIndia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The p90 ribosomal S6 kinases (RSK) are a family of Ser/Thr protein kinases that are downstream effectors of MEK1/2-ERK1/2. Increased RSK activation is implicated in the etiology of multiple pathologies, including numerous types of cancers, cardiovascular disease, liver and lung fibrosis, and infections. AREAS COVERED The review summarizes the patent and scientific literature on small molecule modulators of RSK and their potential use as therapeutics. The patents were identified using World Intellectual Property Organization and United States Patent and Trademark Office databases. The compounds described are predominantly RSK inhibitors, but a RSK activator is also described. The majority of the inhibitors are not RSK-specific. EXPERT OPINION Based on the overwhelming evidence that RSK is involved in a number of diseases that have high mortalities it seems surprising that there are no RSK modulators that have pharmacokinetic properties suitable for in vivo use. MEK1/2 inhibitors are in the clinic, but the efficacy of these compounds appears to be limited by their side effects. We hypothesize that targeting the downstream effectors of MEK1/2, like RSK, are an untapped source of drug targets and that they will generate less side effects than MEK1/2 inhibitors because they regulate fewer effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Ludwik
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Deborah A Lannigan
- a Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA.,b Department of Cancer Biology , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
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Toba M, Alzoubi A, O'Neill K, Abe K, Urakami T, Komatsu M, Alvarez D, Järvinen TAH, Mann D, Ruoslahti E, McMurtry IF, Oka M. A novel vascular homing peptide strategy to selectively enhance pulmonary drug efficacy in pulmonary arterial hypertension. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:369-75. [PMID: 24401613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A major limitation in the pharmacological treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is the lack of pulmonary vascular selectivity. Recent studies have identified a tissue-penetrating homing peptide, CARSKNKDC (CAR), which specifically homes to hypertensive pulmonary arteries but not to normal pulmonary vessels or other tissues. Some tissue-penetrating vascular homing peptides have a unique ability to facilitate transport of co-administered drugs into the targeted cells/tissues without requiring physical conjugation of the drug to the peptide (bystander effect). We tested the hypothesis that co-administered CAR would selectively enhance the pulmonary vascular effects of i.v. vasodilators in Sugen5416/hypoxia/normoxia-exposed PAH rats. Systemically administered CAR was predominantly detected in cells of remodeled pulmonary arteries. Intravenously co-administered CAR enhanced pulmonary, but not systemic, effects of the vasodilators, fasudil and imatinib, in PAH rats. CAR increased lung tissue imatinib concentration in isolated PAH lungs without increasing pulmonary vascular permeability. Sublingual CAR was also effective in selectively enhancing the pulmonary vasodilation by imatinib and sildenafil. Our results suggest a new paradigm in the treatment of PAH, using an i.v./sublingual tissue-penetrating homing peptide to selectively augment pulmonary vascular effects of nonselective drugs without the potentially problematic conjugation process. CAR may be particularly useful as an add-on therapy to selectively enhance the pulmonary vascular efficacy of any ongoing drug treatment in patients with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michie Toba
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Abdallah Alzoubi
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kealan O'Neill
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Kohtaro Abe
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Takeo Urakami
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida
| | - Diego Alvarez
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Medical School, University and University Hospital of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - David Mann
- VBS Pharmaceuticals Division, Vascular BioSciences, Goleta, California
| | - Erkki Ruoslahti
- Cancer Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Ivan F McMurtry
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama
| | - Masahiko Oka
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama.
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Parrau D, Ebensperger G, Herrera EA, Moraga F, Riquelme RA, Ulloa CE, Rojas RT, Silva P, Hernandez I, Ferrada J, Diaz M, Parer JT, Cabello G, Llanos AJ, Reyes RV. Store-operated channels in the pulmonary circulation of high- and low-altitude neonatal lambs. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2013; 304:L540-8. [PMID: 23418093 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00024.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined whether store-operated channels (SOC) are involved in neonatal pulmonary artery function under conditions of acute and chronic hypoxia, using newborn sheep gestated and born either at high altitude (HA, 3,600 m) or low altitude (LA, 520 m). Cardiopulmonary variables were recorded in vivo, with and without SOC blockade by 2-aminoethyldiphenylborinate (2-APB), during basal or acute hypoxic conditions. 2-APB did not have effects on basal mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), cardiac output, systemic arterial blood pressure, or systemic vascular resistance in both groups of neonates. During acute hypoxia 2-APB reduced mPAP and pulmonary vascular resistance in LA and HA, but this reduction was greater in HA. In addition, isolated pulmonary arteries mounted in a wire myograph were assessed for vascular reactivity. HA arteries showed a greater relaxation and sensitivity to SOC blockers than LA arteries. The pulmonary expression of two SOC-forming subunits, TRPC4 and STIM1, was upregulated in HA. Taken together, our results show that SOC contribute to hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in newborn sheep and that SOC are upregulated by chronic hypoxia. Therefore, SOC may contribute to the development of neonatal pulmonary hypertension. We propose SOC channels could be potential targets to treat neonatal pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Parrau
- Laboratorios de Fisiología y Fisiopatología del Desarrollo, y de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de la Hipoxia, Programa de Fisiopatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Nossaman BD, Kadowitz PJ. Stimulators of soluble guanylyl cyclase: future clinical indications. Ochsner J 2013; 13:147-156. [PMID: 23532174 PMCID: PMC3603178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is expressed in mammalian cytoplasm and catalyzes the synthesis of the second messenger guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) involved in important physiological functions such as relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, inhibition of platelet aggregation, modulation of inflammation, and control of vascular permeability. sGC is the intracellular receptor for nitric oxide (NO) and the active moiety in traditional organic nitrate therapy, recently as an inhalant in the intensive care unit and experimentally in improving microcirculatory flow in shock. However, dysfunction of the heme moiety on sGC occurs in a number of cardiovascular diseases, which reduces NO effectiveness. METHODS In this review, we examine animal studies and early clinical trials on agents that can directly stimulate sGC and may have future clinical application in cardiovascular disease and in perioperative care. CONCLUSIONS Animal and early clinical studies have shown that sGC stimulator agents have great promise for treating cardiopulmonary disorders and may also have a role in modulating the inflammatory response observed in perioperative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby D. Nossaman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Section of Critical Care Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, and
- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Philip J. Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Raja SG, Raja SM. Treating pulmonary arterial hypertension: current treatments and future prospects. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2012; 2:359-70. [PMID: 23251761 DOI: 10.1177/2040622311420773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) consists of a group of heterogeneous but distinct disorders characterized by complex proliferation of the pulmonary vascular endothelium and progressive pulmonary vascular remodeling that leads to right ventricular failure and death. Over the past two decades, significant advances in our understanding of the pathobiology of PAH have led to the development of several therapeutic targets in this disease. Besides conservative therapeutic strategies such as anticoagulation and diuretics, the current treatment paradigm for PAH targets the mediators of the three main biologic pathways that are critical for its pathogenesis and progression: endothelin receptor antagonists inhibit the upregulated endothelin pathway by blocking the biologic activity of endothelin-1; phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors prevent breakdown and increase the endogenous availability of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, which signals the vasorelaxing effects of the downregulated mediator nitric oxide; and prostacyclin derivatives provide an exogenous supply of the deficient mediator prostacyclin. In addition to these established current therapeutic options, a large number of potential therapeutic targets are being investigated. These novel therapeutic targets include soluble guanylyl cyclase, phosphodiesterases, tetrahydrobiopterin, 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2B, vasoactive intestinal peptide, receptor tyrosine kinases, adrenomedullin, rho kinase, elastases, endogenous steroids, endothelial progenitor cells, immune cells, bone morphogenetic protein and its receptors, potassium channels, metabolic pathways, and nuclear factor of activated T cells. This review provides an overview of the current therapeutic options and potential therapeutic targets for PAH.
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Pankey EA, Byun RJ, Smith WB, Bhartiya M, Bueno FR, Badejo AM, Stasch JP, Murthy SN, Nossaman BD, Kadowitz PJ. The Rho kinase inhibitor azaindole-1 has long-acting vasodilator activity in the pulmonary vascular bed of the intact chest rat. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:825-35. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Responses to a selective azaindole-based Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor (azaindole-1) were investigated in the rat. Intravenous injections of azaindole-1 (10–300 µg/kg), produced small decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure and larger decreases in systemic arterial pressure without changing cardiac output. Responses to azaindole-1 were slow in onset and long in duration. When baseline pulmonary vascular tone was increased with U46619 or L-NAME, the decreases in pulmonary arterial pressure in response to the ROCK inhibitor were increased. The ROCK inhibitor attenuated the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure in response to ventilatory hypoxia. Azaindole-1 decreased pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. These results show that azaindole-1 has significant vasodilator activity in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds and that responses are larger, slower in onset, and longer in duration when compared with the prototypical agent fasudil. Azaindole-1 reversed hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction and decreased pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures in a similar manner in rats with monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension. These data suggest that ROCK is involved in regulating baseline tone in the pulmonary and systemic vascular beds, and that ROCK inhibition will promote vasodilation when tone is increased by diverse stimuli including treatment with monocrotaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A. Pankey
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - Ryuk J. Byun
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - William B. Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - Manish Bhartiya
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - Franklin R. Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - Adeleke M. Badejo
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - Johannes-Peter Stasch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Pharma Research Centre, Bayer AG, D-42096 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Subramanyam N. Murthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
| | - Bobby D. Nossaman
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care Medicine Section, Ochsner Medical Center, 1514 Jefferson Highway, New Orleans, Louisiana 70121, USA
| | - Philip J. Kadowitz
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Avenue, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112-2699, USA
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Stimulators and activators of soluble guanylate cyclase: review and potential therapeutic indications. Crit Care Res Pract 2012; 2012:290805. [PMID: 22482042 PMCID: PMC3299283 DOI: 10.1155/2012/290805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme-protein soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is the intracellular receptor for nitric oxide (NO). sGC is a heterodimeric enzyme with α and β subunits and contains a heme moiety essential for binding of NO and activation of the enzyme. Stimulation of sGC mediates physiologic responses including smooth muscle relaxation, inhibition of inflammation, and thrombosis. In pathophysiologic states, NO formation and bioavailability can be impaired by oxidative stress and that tolerance to NO donors develops with continuous use. Two classes of compounds have been developed that can directly activate sGC and increase cGMP formation in pathophysiologic conditions when NO formation and bioavailability are impaired or when NO tolerance has developed. In this report, we review current information on the pharmacology of heme-dependent stimulators and heme-independent activators of sGC in animal and in early clinical studies and the potential role these compounds may have in the management of cardiovascular disease.
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