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Zhao L, Hsiao T, Stonesifer C, Daniels J, Garcia-Saleem TJ, Choi J, Geskin L, Rook AH, Wood GS. The Robust Tumoricidal Effects of Combined BET/HDAC Inhibition in Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Can Be Reproduced by ΔNp73 Depletion. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3253-3261.e4. [PMID: 35787399 PMCID: PMC9691518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Combined BET inhibitor/histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment induces marked apoptosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with minimal normal T-cell toxicity. At 96 hours when apoptosis was extensive, a majority of CTCL lines showed ≥2-fold suppression of T-cell survival factors (e.g., AKT1, BCL2 antiapoptotic factors, BIRC5, CD40, CD70, GADD45A, PRKCA, TNFRSF1B, ΔNp73) and ≥2-fold upregulation of proapoptotic factors and tumor suppressors (e.g., ATM, BAK, BIM, multiple caspases, FHIT, HIC1, MGMT, NOD1) (P < 0.05). The largest alterations were in TP73 isoform expression, resulting in increased TAp73/ΔNp73 ratios in CTCL lines and leukemic Sézary cells. Targeted ΔNp73 inhibition by small interfering RNA knockdown resulted in robust CTCL apoptosis comparable with that induced by BET inhibitor/histone deacetylase inhibitor with minimal normal T-cell toxicity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that BET inhibitor/histone deacetylase inhibitor treatment reduced RNA polymerase II binding to ΔNp73, MYC, and AKT1 while increasing its binding to TAp73. CTCL skin lesions expressed both TAp73 and ΔNp73 isoforms in situ. In aggregate, these findings implicate TAp73/ΔNp73 balance as a major factor governing CTCL survival, show that the expression of p73 isoforms can be altered by molecular biological and pharmaceutical means, show that p73 isoforms are expressed across the entire CTCL clinical spectrum, and identify the p73 pathway as a potential target for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Tony Hsiao
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Connor Stonesifer
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jay Daniels
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | | | - Jaehyuk Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Ilinois, USA
| | - Larisa Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alain H Rook
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gary S Wood
- Department of Dermatology, The School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Mark E, Sutton M, Gru A. Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma With Aberrant CD20 Expression: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Am J Dermatopathol 2022; 44:971-978. [PMID: 36066130 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000002281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cutaneous CD20 + T-cell lymphomas are exceedingly rare. Differentiating cases of T-cell lymphoma with aberrant expression of the B-cell marker CD20 from B-cell lymphoma may be associated with misdiagnosis or delays in diagnosis. We report, to the authors' knowledge, the first case of CD20 + primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and review the literature to characterize published cases of CD20 + cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (n = 40). There is no accepted explanation for this phenomenon; however, it is suspected that these cases may be due to neoplastic transformation of CD20 + T cells or that CD20 may represent a T-cell activation marker. Expression of CD20 may have clinical significance in prognostication and consideration of treatment options with anti-CD20 therapies such as rituximab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Mark
- Department of Dermatopathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and
| | - Mark Sutton
- Advanced Dermatology and Skin Cancer Specialists Temecula, Temecula, CA
| | - Alejandro Gru
- Department of Dermatopathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA; and
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Lee AYS. CD20 + T cells: an emerging T cell subset in human pathology. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:1181-1189. [PMID: 35951029 PMCID: PMC9616751 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Although CD20 is classically a B cell marker, in the last three decades, dim expression has been noted on a subset of T cells as well that has been independently verified by a number of groups. Our understanding of these cells and their function is not well established. Methods A thorough review of original articles on CD20+T cells was undertaken of Pubmed by using combination of phrases including “CD20+”, “CD20-positive” and “T cells”. Articles in English were considered, and there was no time restriction. Results CD20+T cells express the standard T cell markers and, in comparison to CD20¯ T cells, appear to express greater inflammatory cytokines and markers of effector function. Although the ontogeny of these cells is still being established, the current theory is that CD20 may be acquired by trogocytosis from B cells. CD20+T cells may be found in healthy controls and in a wide range of pathologies including autoimmune diseases, haematological and non-haematological malignancies and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. One of the best studied diseases where these cells are found is multiple sclerosis (MS) where a number of therapeutic interventions, including anti-CD20 depletion, have been shown to effectively deplete these cells. Conclusion This review summarises the latest understanding of CD20+T cells, their presence in various diseases, their putative function and how they may be an ongoing target of CD20-depleting agents. Unfortunately, our understanding of these cells is still at its infancy and ongoing study in a wider range of pathologies is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Y S Lee
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Westmead Hospital, Hawkesbury Road, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Department of Immunopathology, ICPMR and NSW Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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Ortega S, Halicek M, Fabelo H, Callico GM, Fei B. Hyperspectral and multispectral imaging in digital and computational pathology: a systematic review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3195-3233. [PMID: 32637250 PMCID: PMC7315999 DOI: 10.1364/boe.386338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) and multispectral imaging (MSI) technologies have the potential to transform the fields of digital and computational pathology. Traditional digitized histopathological slides are imaged with RGB imaging. Utilizing HSI/MSI, spectral information across wavelengths within and beyond the visual range can complement spatial information for the creation of computer-aided diagnostic tools for both stained and unstained histological specimens. In this systematic review, we summarize the methods and uses of HSI/MSI for staining and color correction, immunohistochemistry, autofluorescence, and histopathological diagnostic research. Studies include hematology, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, skin cancer, and diseases of central nervous, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. The use of HSI/MSI suggest an improvement in the detection of diseases and clinical practice compared with traditional RGB analysis, and brings new opportunities in histological analysis of samples, such as digital staining or alleviating the inter-laboratory variability of digitized samples. Nevertheless, the number of studies in this field is currently limited, and more research is needed to confirm the advantages of this technology compared to conventional imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Ortega
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Martin Halicek
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Inst. of Tech. and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Himar Fabelo
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Gustavo M Callico
- Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), Campus de Tafira, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Baowei Fei
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Advanced Imaging Research Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
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Oon ML, Hoppe MM, Fan S, Phyu T, Phuong HM, Tan SY, Hue SSS, Wang S, Poon LM, Chan HLE, Lee J, Chee YL, Chng WJ, de Mel S, Liu X, Jeyasekharan AD, Ng SB. The contribution of MYC and PLK1 expression to proliferative capacity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2019; 60:3214-3224. [PMID: 31259656 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2019.1633629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase-1 (PLK1) regulates the MYC-dependent kinome in aggressive B-cell lymphoma. However, the role of PLK1 and MYC toward proliferation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is unknown. We use multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemistry (fIHC) to evaluate the co-localization of MYC, PLK1 and Ki67 to study their association with proliferation in DLBCL. The majority (98%, 95% CI 95-100%) of MYC/PLK1-double positive tumor cells expressed Ki67, underscoring the key role of the MYC/PLK1 circuit in proliferation. However, only 38% (95% CI 23-40%) and 51% (95% CI 46-51%) of Ki67-positive cells expressed MYC and PLK1, respectively. Notably, 40% (95% CI 26-43%) of Ki67-positive cells are MYC- and PLK-negative. A stronger correlation exists between PLK1 and Ki67 expression (R = 0.74, p < .001) than with MYC and Ki67 expression (R = 0.52, p < .001). Overall, the results indicate that PLK1 has a higher association than MYC in DLBCL proliferation and there are mechanisms besides MYC and PLK1 influencing DLBCL proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Liang Oon
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michal M Hoppe
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuangyi Fan
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - The Phyu
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hoang M Phuong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Soo-Yong Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR, Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan Swee-Shan Hue
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- A*STAR, Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shi Wang
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Li M Poon
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hian L E Chan
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yen L Chee
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wee-Joo Chng
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sanjay de Mel
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anand D Jeyasekharan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siok-Bian Ng
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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c-CBL E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Expression Increases Across the Spectrum of Benign and Malignant T-Cell Skin Diseases. Am J Dermatopathol 2018; 39:731-737. [PMID: 27805921 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged survival of lesional T cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated dermatoses. We have recently shown that the ubiquitin ligase c-CBL is highly expressed in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and that its knockdown increases activation-induced cell death, a key pathway for T-cell apoptosis. Here, we extend our work on c-CBL expression in malignant T cells to their nonneoplastic counterparts in benign inflammatory dermatoses. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-c-CBL antibody was performed on lesional biopsies from a total of 65 patients with atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, pityriasis rosea, psoriasis vulgaris, lichen planus, mycosis fungoides (MF)/Sézary syndrome (SS) as well as on tonsil tissue from 5 individuals and on 5 human CTCL cell lines. Protein levels were measured in situ using multispectral image analysis, a quantitative method that is ×5 more sensitive than standard immunohistology for antigen detection. There was a significant (P < 0.05) and progressive increase of mean c-CBL expression across the spectrum of inflammatory dermatoses (2-fold), MF/SS (3-fold), and lymphoma cell lines (4-fold) as compared with tonsillar T lymphocytes. A subset of MF/SS cases expressed mean c-CBL levels above the ranges observed in inflammatory dermatoses. Given our prior finding that c-CBL inhibits activation-induced cell death, c-CBL might play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory dermatoses and CTCL.
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