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Fujimura T, Ohuchi K, Ikawa T, Kambayashi Y, Amagai R, Furudate S, Asano Y. Possible effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 on promoting angiogenesis through matrix metalloproteinase 9 in advanced mycosis fungoides. Hematol Oncol 2024; 42:e3244. [PMID: 38287534 DOI: 10.1002/hon.3244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) progresses slowly before advancing to skin tumors followed by lymph node and visceral involvement. Among MF progression, stage IIB is an initial time point of tumor formation in MF. Since MF in tumor stage possess abundant blood vessels, it is important to evaluate the pro-angiogenic factors before and after MF in stage IIB. In this report, we investigated pro-angiogenic soluble factors in MF patients, as well as its pro-angiogenetic effects on tumor cells and stroma cells. We first evaluated the serum levels of pro-angiogenic factors in 9 MF patients without tumor formation and 8 MF patients with tumor formation. Among them, the serum MMP-9 and plasminogen activator inhibitors 1 (PAI-1) was significantly increased in MF with tumor formation compared in MF without tumor formation, leading to favorable formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells tube networks. Moreover, PAI-1 stimulation significantly increased the mRNA expression and protein production MMP-9 on monocytes derived M2 macrophages and HUT-78. Furthermore, since MMP-9 production from tumor cells as well as stromal cells is suppressed by bexarotene, we evaluate the baseline serum pro-angiogenic factors including MMP-9 in 16 patients with advanced cutaneous T cell lymphoma treated with bexarotene. The serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 was significantly increased in bexarotene non-responded patients compared to responded patients. Our present study suggested the significance of MMP-9 and PAI-1 for the progression of MF stage toward to the tumor stage, and could be a therapeutic target in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ohuchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yumi Kambayashi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sadanori Furudate
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Asano
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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2
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Nguyen AL, Kezic S, Vermeer M, Quint K, Slieker R, van Doorn R, Rustemeyer T. Stratum corneum cytokine levels in mycosis fungoides. Exp Dermatol 2023; 32:214-219. [PMID: 36302170 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is characterised by malignant CD4+ T-cell infiltrates in the skin. The functional characteristics of the malignant T cells and their interaction with the tumor immune microenvironment is largely unknown. We performed tape stripping of the stratum corneum (SC), a non-invasive technique, to gain insight into the cytokine secretion patterns in MF skin lesions. In addition, we assessed whether the SC cytokine profile of MF lesions is distinct from that of atopic dermatitis (AD) lesions. We compared nine cytokine levels in 20 patients with MF, 10 patients with AD and 10 healthy controls. In patients with MF and AD, lesional SC levels of IL-8 and MMP9 were significantly higher than in non-lesional SC and in healthy controls. VEGFα was significantly higher in lesional MF and AD skin than in healthy controls. The SC levels of IL-1α were significantly lower in MF and AD lesions than in healthy controls. There was no specific cytokine profile or inflammation pattern that could reliably distinguish MF from AD. In conclusion, in lesional SC of MF patients, pro-inflammatory cytokines can be detected. As a diagnostic method, tape stripping of lesional SC cannot discriminate MF skin from AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Ly Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanja Kezic
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Vermeer
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Koen Quint
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick Slieker
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Rustemeyer
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: Microenvironment and Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030746. [PMID: 36765704 PMCID: PMC9913729 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are epidermotropic cutaneous lymphomas, and both of them are rare diseases. Mycosis fungoides is the most frequent primary cutaneous lymphoma. In about 25% of patients with mycosis fungoides, the disease may progress to higher stages. The pathogenesis and risk factors of progression in mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome are not yet fully understood. Previous works have investigated inter- and intrapatient tumor cell heterogeneity. Here, we overview the role of the tumor microenvironment of mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome by describing its key components and functions. Emphasis is put on the role of the microenvironment in promoting tumor growth or antitumor immune response, as well as possible therapeutic targets. We focus on recent advances in the field and point out treatment-related alterations of the microenvironment. Deciphering the tumor microenvironment may help to develop strategies that lead to long-term disease control and cure.
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4
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The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in the Pathogenesis of Sézary Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020936. [PMID: 35055124 PMCID: PMC8781892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sézary syndrome is an aggressive leukemic variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, characterized by erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, and peripheral blood involvement by CD4+ malignant T-cells. The pathogenesis of Sézary syndrome is not fully understood. However, the course of the disease is strongly influenced by the tumor microenvironment, which is altered by a combination of cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The crosstalk between malignant and reactive cells affects the immunologic response against tumor cells causing immune dysregulation. This review focuses on the interaction of malignant Sézary cells and the tumor microenvironment.
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The Microenvironment's Role in Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome: From Progression to Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102780. [PMID: 34685762 PMCID: PMC8534987 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary Syndrome (SS) are the most common cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. It has been hypothesized that the interaction between the immune system, cutaneous cells, and neoplastic elements may play a role in MF/SS pathogenesis and progression. METHODS This paper aims to revise in a narrative way our current knowledge of the microenvironment's role in MF/SS. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Literature data support a possible implication of microenvironment cells in MF/SS pathogenesis and progression, opening up new therapeutic avenues.
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6
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Stolearenco V, Namini MRJ, Hasselager SS, Gluud M, Buus TB, Willerslev-Olsen A, Ødum N, Krejsgaard T. Cellular Interactions and Inflammation in the Pathogenesis of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:851. [PMID: 33015047 PMCID: PMC7498821 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) comprises a group of lymphoproliferative diseases characterized by the accumulation of malignant T cells in chronically inflamed skin lesions. In early stages, the disease presents as skin patches or plaques covering a limited area of the skin and normally follows an indolent course. However, in a subset of patients the cutaneous lesions develop into tumors and the malignant T cells may spread to the lymphatic system, blood and internal organs with fatal consequences. Despite intensive research, the mechanisms driving disease progression remain incompletely understood. While most studies have focused on cancer cell-intrinsic oncogenesis, such as genetic and epigenetic events driving malignant transformation and disease progression, an increasing body of evidence shows that the interplay between malignant T cells and non-malignant cells plays a crucial role. Here, we outline some of the emerging mechanisms by which tumor, stromal and epidermal interactions may contribute to the progression of CTCL with particular emphasis on the crosstalk between fibroblasts, keratinocytes and malignant T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Stolearenco
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin R J Namini
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siri S Hasselager
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Gluud
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terkild B Buus
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Ødum
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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El Sayed H, Shalaby S, Abdel-Halim MRE, Aboelfadl DM, Samir N. Efficacy of doxycycline in the treatment of early stages of mycosis fungoides: a randomized controlled trial. J DERMATOL TREAT 2019; 32:424-431. [PMID: 31526286 DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2019.1667474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycosis fungoides is the most common type of primary cutaneous T cell lymphomas. Doxycycline promoted apoptosis in different human malignant cell lines and in vivo models. OBJECTIVES To test for the therapeutic efficacy of doxycycline in comparison to PUVA in early stages of classic MF and its effect on T cell apoptosis. METHODS Thirty-six patients were randomized into either: doxycycline 200 mg daily (n = 18) or PUVA (3 weekly sessions) (n = 18) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome (therapeutic efficacy) was defined in terms of objective response rate (ORR) which was measured according to changes in the modified severity weighted assessment tool (mSWAT). RESULTS Doxycycline achieved significantly less ORR (partial response) in comparison to PUVA (11.1%, 50%, respectively, p = .016). The percent reduction in mSWAT, CAILS, histopathology score and CD3 expression was significantly less in the doxycycline group (p = .001, p = .001, p ˂ .001, and p = .004, respectively). Within the doxycycline group, changes in mSWAT and CAILS showed no correlation with changes in the CD3 or Bcl-2 expression. Gastric upset was significantly more encountered in the doxycycline group (p = .001). CONCLUSION Doxycycline is not suitable as a sole agent in the treatment of early stages of classic MF, acting mainly by anti-inflammatory rather apoptotic function. REGISTER NUMBER NCT03454945 (www.clinicaltrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- H El Sayed
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - S Shalaby
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - M R E Abdel-Halim
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - D M Aboelfadl
- Pathology Department, National Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
| | - N Samir
- Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kasr Al Aini University Hospital, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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8
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Takeda K, Fujimura T, Lyu C, Tsukada A, Tsuchiyama K, Hashimoto A, Aiba S. PD-L1-Expressing Radiation-Associated Angiosarcoma after Primary Breast Cancer. Case Rep Oncol 2018; 11:330-335. [PMID: 29928212 PMCID: PMC6006628 DOI: 10.1159/000489628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-associated angiosarcoma (RAAS) is a type of radiation-associated sarcoma (RAS) that develops at the previous field of radiation in breast cancer patients. Although several reports have suggested a poor prognosis for RAAS, the 5-year overall survival of RAAS is better than that of cutaneous angiosarcoma (CAS), suggesting that the prognostic factors of RAAS and CAS might be different, at least in part. In this report, we describe a case of RAAS, and employed immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of PD-L1 and MMP9 as well as periostin, IL-4, and CD163. Interestingly, IHC staining revealed that the RAAS in our case was positive for PD-L1 and negative for MMP9. Moreover, the predominant stromal factor of our case was periostin, suggesting that TAMs in the present case was not immunosuppressive, but an inflammatory subtype. These results might explain, at least in part, the better prognosis of RAAS compared to CAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Takeda
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taku Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Chunbing Lyu
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Tsukada
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tsuchiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akira Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Setsuya Aiba
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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9
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Sibin Melo KC, Correia MH, Svidzinski TIE, Hernandes L. Exocellular extract of Fusarium oxysporum, fungus free, is able to permeate and act selectively in skin. APMIS 2018; 126:418-427. [PMID: 29696718 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The skin is an important gateway for Fusarium infection in humans. Our hypothesis is that metabolites produced by Fusarium oxysporum should change the barrier structure to permeate the skin. Male Wistar rats received a topical application of a solution (0.05 mg/mL) of Fusarium metabolites. The animals were euthanized 3, 6, 12, 24 h after and the skin was processed for immunostaining by laminin and E-cadherin to investigate whether the Fusarium metabolites can break the barrier of healthy skin. Other techniques were employed: H&E to study the morphology; metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), TUNEL, and PCNA immunostaining to evaluate the inflammation, cell death, and proliferation, respectively. There was an inflammatory response mainly centered in the dermis. Qualitatively, the skin of the experimental group showed reduced E-cadherin and laminin immunostaining at 3, 12, and 24 h. Higher intensity staining by TUNEL at 3 h, and PCNA at 6, 12, and 24 h. There was intense MMP-9 activity at 6, 12, and 24 h. None of analyses revealed any changes in the epidermis. It was concluded that the fraction was able to permeate the skin and act selectively in dermis, inducing inflammatory response, increasing MMP-9 immunostaining, inducing apoptosis, and reducing E-cadherin and laminin immunostaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia C Sibin Melo
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo H Correia
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Terezinha I E Svidzinski
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Luzmarina Hernandes
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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10
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Furudate S, Fujimura T, Ishibashi M, Aiba S. Epidermotropic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma infiltrating the umbilicus, presenting as Sister Mary Joseph's nodule. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2015; 30:1622-4. [DOI: 10.1111/jdv.13217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Furudate
- Department of Dermatology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - T. Fujimura
- Department of Dermatology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - M. Ishibashi
- Department of Dermatology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
| | - S. Aiba
- Department of Dermatology; Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai Japan
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11
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Pileri A, Agostinelli C, Righi S, Fuligni F, Bacci F, Sabattini E, Patrizi A, Pileri SA, Piccaluga PP. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) expression in mycosis fungoides. Histopathology 2014; 66:173-81. [PMID: 24766213 DOI: 10.1111/his.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High levels of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) seem to herald a worse prognosis in mycosis fungoides (MF). In this study, we aimed to characterize more clearly VEGFA gene and protein expression in MF. METHODS AND RESULTS First, we compared VEGFA mRNA levels in MF and in normal T lymphocyte samples; significantly higher VEGFA levels were found in MF. We then studied VEGFA expression in different normal T cell subsets, focusing on CD4(+) , CD8(+) , resting and activated T lymphocytes. We applied the gene signatures of the normal T cell subsets to MF samples and found that activated T lymphocytes represented the closest normal counterpart of the tumour. However, VEGFA mRNA levels were significantly higher in MF than in activated normal T cells, suggesting that VEGFA overexpression in MF represents an attribute acquired during neoplastic transformation: no significant VEGFA expression differences were recorded between early and advanced stages. Gene expression profile results were supported by immunohistochemistry in routine sections from 27 MF cases. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we demonstrate VEGFA expression in MF cells, suggesting that the VEGF pathway may be implicated in MF pathogenesis and can represent a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Pileri
- Dermatology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Claudio Agostinelli
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Simona Righi
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Fabio Fuligni
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Francesco Bacci
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Elena Sabattini
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Annalisa Patrizi
- Dermatology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Stefano A Pileri
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Piccaluga
- Haematopathology Unit; Department Of Experimental; Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine; University of Bologna; Italy
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12
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Potential use of bisphosphonates in invasive extramammary Paget's disease: an immunohistochemical Investigation. Clin Dev Immunol 2013; 2013:164982. [PMID: 23606867 PMCID: PMC3626317 DOI: 10.1155/2013/164982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Invasive extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is relatively rare and is reported to be highly metastatic to lymph nodes or even other organs, including bone. Histologically, EMPD shows significant numbers of lymphocytes around the tumor mass, suggesting the possible development of novel immunomodulatory therapy for EMPD by targeting these infiltrating lymphocytes. Previously, bisphosphonates (BPs) were administered for the treatment of malignancy, especially osteolytic bone disease. Recent reports also suggested that BPs might have a direct antitumor effect through several pathways beyond their beneficial effect on bone metastasis. Among them, the abrogation of immunosuppressive cells, myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC), by BPs might be one of the optimal methods to induce an antitumor immune response both locally and at sites remote from the tumor. In this study, we employed immunohistochemical staining for immunosuppressive macrophages and cytotoxic T cells in the lesional skin of patients with noninvasive EMPD and those with invasive EMPD.
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13
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases, a group of over 26 zinc-dependent enzymes, share a similar structure to each other and functionally are capable of degrading almost every component of the extracellular matrix. They are essential to normal development during embryogenesis and extracellular matrix remodeling and, given this, understandably enough have been implicated in multiple pathologic processes that encompass the inflammatory and neoplastic spectrum of disease. This review attempts to define roles of matrix metalloproteinases of relevance in normal skin and to elucidate their roles in inflammatory dermatoses and benign and malignant neoplasms.
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14
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A Meta-Analysis of Gene Expression Data Identifies a Molecular Signature Characteristic for Tumor-Stage Mycosis Fungoides. J Invest Dermatol 2012; 132:2050-9. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2012.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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15
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Ishibashi M, Fujimura T, Hashimoto A, Haga T, Onami K, Tsukada A, Kambayashi Y, Hidaka T, Furudate S, Shimada R, Aiba S. Successful Treatment of MMP-9-Expressing Angiosarcoma with Low-Dose Docetaxel and Bisphosphonate. Case Rep Dermatol 2012; 4:5-9. [PMID: 22308113 PMCID: PMC3271839 DOI: 10.1159/000335999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a 78-year-old Japanese patient with angiosarcoma on the scalp. Interestingly, immunohistochemical staining revealed this tumor as positive for matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9). After conventional therapy for angiosarcoma with surgical treatment and radiation therapy, we intravenously administered docetaxel at 40 mg/m2 body surface area together with oral administration of 17.5 mg sodium risedronate hydrate. One and a half years after the standard treatment, there was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ishibashi
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Fernandez-Flores A. Comments on cutaneous lymphomas: since the WHO-2008 classification to present. Am J Dermatopathol 2011; 34:274-84. [PMID: 22126841 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0b013e31821b8bfe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last classification of lymphomas of the World Health Organization in 2008 made a few changes from the preceding classification. Although useful, at the same time, it has posed new questions, concerns, and dilemmas which have been raised in the literature. The current report highlights some of these controversies, of each of these primary cutaneous entities, going through cutaneous mature T-cell and NK-cell neoplasms, mature B-cell neoplasms, precursor neoplasms, and other entities, which for several reasons do not fit in the previous categories. It also reviews some advances on many of these lymphomas published in the last 2 years.
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