1
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Ahmadzadeh K, Vanoppen M, Rose CD, Matthys P, Wouters CH. Multinucleated Giant Cells: Current Insights in Phenotype, Biological Activities, and Mechanism of Formation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:873226. [PMID: 35478968 PMCID: PMC9035892 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.873226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages are innate immune cells with diverse functions ranging from phagocytosis of microorganisms to forming a bridge with the adaptive immune system. A lesser-known attribute of macrophages is their ability to fuse with each other to form multinucleated giant cells. Based on their morphology and functional characteristics, there are in general three types of multinucleated giant cells including osteoclasts, foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells. Osteoclasts are bone resorbing cells and under physiological conditions they participate in bone remodeling. However, under pathological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoporosis, osteoclasts are responsible for bone destruction and bone loss. Foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells appear only under pathological conditions. While foreign body giant cells are found in immune reactions against foreign material, including implants, Langhans giant cells are associated with granulomas in infectious and non-infectious diseases. The functionality and fusion mechanism of osteoclasts are being elucidated, however, our knowledge on the functions of foreign body giant cells and Langhans giant cells is limited. In this review, we describe and compare the phenotypic aspects, biological and functional activities of the three types of multinucleated giant cells. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the multinucleation process and highlight key molecules in the different phases of macrophage fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Ahmadzadeh
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, ; Carine Helena Wouters,
| | - Margot Vanoppen
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos D. Rose
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology Nemours Children’s Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Patrick Matthys
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Helena Wouters
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Department Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute, KU Leuven – University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Division Pediatric Rheumatology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- European Reference Network for Rare Immunodeficiency, Autoinflammatory and Autoimmune Diseases (RITA) at University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Kourosh Ahmadzadeh, ; Carine Helena Wouters,
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2
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Cronan MR. In the Thick of It: Formation of the Tuberculous Granuloma and Its Effects on Host and Therapeutic Responses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820134. [PMID: 35320930 PMCID: PMC8934850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The defining pathology of tuberculosis is the granuloma, an organized structure derived from host immune cells that surrounds infecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As the location of much of the bacteria in the infected host, the granuloma is a central point of interaction between the host and the infecting bacterium. This review describes the signals and cellular reprogramming that drive granuloma formation. Further, as a central point of host-bacterial interactions, the granuloma shapes disease outcome by altering host immune responses and bacterial susceptibility to antibiotic treatment, as discussed herein. This new understanding of granuloma biology and the signaling behind it highlights the potential for host-directed therapies targeting the granuloma to enhance antibiotic access and tuberculosis-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Cronan
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In Vivo Cell Biology of Infection Group, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Sommariva M, Gagliano N. E-Cadherin in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Multifaceted Actor during EMT. Cells 2020; 9:E1040. [PMID: 32331358 PMCID: PMC7226001 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a step-wise process observed in normal and tumor cells leading to a switch from epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype. In tumors, EMT provides cancer cells with a metastatic phenotype characterized by E-cadherin down-regulation, cytoskeleton reorganization, motile and invasive potential. E-cadherin down-regulation is known as a key event during EMT. However, E-cadherin expression can be influenced by the different experimental settings and environmental stimuli so that the paradigm of EMT based on the loss of E-cadherin determining tumor cell behavior and fate often becomes an open question. In this review, we aimed at focusing on some critical points in order to improve the knowledge of the dynamic role of epithelial cells plasticity in EMT and, specifically, address the role of E-cadherin as a marker for the EMT axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicoletta Gagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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4
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Durand M, Barbier L, Mathieu L, Poyot T, Demoures T, Souraud JB, Masquelet AC, Collombet JM. Towards Understanding Therapeutic Failures in Masquelet Surgery: First Evidence that Defective Induced Membrane Properties are Associated with Clinical Failures. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020450. [PMID: 32041238 PMCID: PMC7073843 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-stage Masquelet induced-membrane technique (IMT) consists of cement spacer-driven membrane induction followed by an autologous cancellous bone implantation in this membrane to promote large bone defect repairs. For the first time, this study aims at correlating IMT failures with physiological alterations of the induced membrane (IM) in patients. For this purpose, we compared various histological, immunohistochemical and gene expression parameters obtained from IM collected in patients categorized lately as successfully (Responders; n = 8) or unsuccessfully (Non-responders; n = 3) treated with the Masquelet technique (6 month clinical and radiologic post-surgery follow-up). While angiogenesis or macrophage distribution pattern remained unmodified in non-responder IM as compared to responder IM, we evidenced an absence of mesenchymal stem cells and reduced density of fibroblast-like cells in non-responder IM. Furthermore, non-responder IM exhibited altered extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling parameters such as a lower expression ratio of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP-1) mRNA as well as an important collagen overexpression as shown by picrosirius red staining. In summary, this study is the first to report evidence that IMT failure can be related to defective IM properties while underlining the importance of ECM remodeling parameters, particularly the MMP-9/TIMP-1 gene expression ratio, as early predictive biomarkers of the IMT outcome regardless of the type of bone, fracture or patient characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Durand
- French Military Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), BP73, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (L.B.); (T.P.); (J.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-178-651-146
| | - Laure Barbier
- French Military Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), BP73, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (L.B.); (T.P.); (J.-M.C.)
| | - Laurent Mathieu
- Percy Military Hospital, 101 avenue Henri Barbusse 92140 Clamart, France;
- Department of Surgery, French Medical Health Service Academy, Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, 1 place Alphonse Laveran 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Poyot
- French Military Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), BP73, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (L.B.); (T.P.); (J.-M.C.)
| | - Thomas Demoures
- Bégin Military Hospital, 69 avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (T.D.); (J.-B.S.)
| | - Jean-Baptiste Souraud
- Bégin Military Hospital, 69 avenue de Paris, 94160 Saint-Mandé, France; (T.D.); (J.-B.S.)
| | | | - Jean-Marc Collombet
- French Military Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), BP73, 91220 Brétigny-sur-Orge, France; (L.B.); (T.P.); (J.-M.C.)
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5
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Yu W, Yang L, Li T, Zhang Y. Cadherin Signaling in Cancer: Its Functions and Role as a Therapeutic Target. Front Oncol 2019; 9:989. [PMID: 31637214 PMCID: PMC6788064 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherin family includes lists of transmembrane glycoproteins which mediate calcium-dependent cell-cell adhesion. Cadherin-mediated adhesion regulates cell growth and differentiation throughout life. Through the establishment of the cadherin-catenin complex, cadherins provide normal cell-cell adhesion and maintain homeostatic tissue architecture. In the process of cell recognition and adhesion, cadherins act as vital participators. As results, the disruption of cadherin signaling has significant implications on tumor formation and progression. Altered cadherin expression plays a vital role in tumorigenesis, tumor progression, angiogenesis, and tumor immune response. Based on ongoing research into the role of cadherin signaling in malignant tumors, cadherins are now being considered as potential targets for cancer therapies. This review will demonstrate the mechanisms of cadherin involvement in tumor progression, and consider the clinical significance of cadherins as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Yu
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Biotherapy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Tumor Immunology and Biotherapy, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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6
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Chen L, Carson KR, Staser KW, Mehta-Shah N, Schaffer A, Rosman IS, Musiek A. Mogamulizumab-Associated Cutaneous Granulomatous Drug Eruption Mimicking Mycosis Fungoides but Possibly Indicating Durable Clinical Response. JAMA Dermatol 2019; 155:968-971. [PMID: 31141114 DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,The Ronald O. Perelman Department of Dermatology, New York University School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kenneth R Carson
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,St Louis Veterans Health Administration Medical Center, St Louis, Missouri.,Flatiron Health Inc, New York, New York
| | - Karl W Staser
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Neha Mehta-Shah
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - András Schaffer
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,Tallahassee Associates of Dermatology, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Ilana S Rosman
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Amy Musiek
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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7
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Brooks PJ, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. An Overview of the Derivation and Function of Multinucleated Giant Cells and Their Role in Pathologic Processes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:1145-1158. [PMID: 30926333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Monocyte lineage cells play important roles in health and disease. Their differentiation into macrophages is crucial for a broad array of immunologic processes that regulate inflammation, neoplasia, and infection. In certain pathologic conditions, such as foreign body reactions and peripheral inflammatory lesions, monocytes fuse to form large, multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Currently, our knowledge of the fusion mechanisms of monocytes and the regulation of MGC formation and function in discrete pathologies is limited. Herein, we consider the types and function of MGCs in disease and assess the mechanisms by which monocyte fusion contributes to the formation of MGCs. An improved understanding of the cellular origins and metabolic functions of MGCs will facilitate their identification and ultimately the treatment of diseases and disorders that involve MGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia J Brooks
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Dental Oncology and Maxillofacial Prosthetics, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Kuhn B, Teckchandani P, Harper R. Parsimony or poor luck: Concurrent Birt-Hogg- Dubé Syndrome and sarcoidosis. SARCOIDOSIS VASCULITIS AND DIFFUSE LUNG DISEASES 2017; 34:194-196. [PMID: 32476844 DOI: 10.36141/svdld.v34i2.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
While sarcoidosis is notorious for myriad manifestations including cystic lung changes, we present a case with both Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) and pulmonary sarcoidosis. BHD is a rare, autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by numerous thin-walled, irregular cysts, but lung function is typically normal otherwise. We present a case with confirmed BHD syndrome and concurrent granulomatous lung disease consistent with sarcoidosis. (Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 2017; 34: 194-196).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooks Kuhn
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, UC Davis Medical Center
| | | | - Richart Harper
- Department of Pulmonology and Critical Care, UC Davis Medical Center
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9
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Cronan MR, Beerman RW, Rosenberg AF, Saelens JW, Johnson MG, Oehlers SH, Sisk DM, Jurcic Smith KL, Medvitz NA, Miller SE, Trinh LA, Fraser SE, Madden JF, Turner J, Stout JE, Lee S, Tobin DM. Macrophage Epithelial Reprogramming Underlies Mycobacterial Granuloma Formation and Promotes Infection. Immunity 2016; 45:861-876. [PMID: 27760340 PMCID: PMC5268069 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in humans triggers formation of granulomas, which are tightly organized immune cell aggregates that are the central structure of tuberculosis. Infected and uninfected macrophages interdigitate, assuming an altered, flattened appearance. Although pathologists have described these changes for over a century, the molecular and cellular programs underlying this transition are unclear. Here, using the zebrafish-Mycobacterium marinum model, we found that mycobacterial granuloma formation is accompanied by macrophage induction of canonical epithelial molecules and structures. We identified fundamental macrophage reprogramming events that parallel E-cadherin-dependent mesenchymal-epithelial transitions. Macrophage-specific disruption of E-cadherin function resulted in disordered granuloma formation, enhanced immune cell access, decreased bacterial burden, and increased host survival, suggesting that the granuloma can also serve a bacteria-protective role. Granuloma macrophages in humans with tuberculosis were similarly transformed. Thus, during mycobacterial infection, granuloma macrophages are broadly reprogrammed by epithelial modules, and this reprogramming alters the trajectory of infection and the associated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Cronan
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rebecca W Beerman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Allison F Rosenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph W Saelens
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Matthew G Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Stefan H Oehlers
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dana M Sisk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kristen L Jurcic Smith
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Neil A Medvitz
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sara E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Le A Trinh
- Molecular and Computational Biology and Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Molecular and Computational Biology and Translational Imaging Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - John F Madden
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joanne Turner
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; Center for Microbial Interface Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jason E Stout
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Sunhee Lee
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - David M Tobin
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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10
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Tronnier M, Mitteldorf C. Histologic features of granulomatous skin diseases. Part 1: Non-infectious granulomatous disorders. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015; 13:211-6. [PMID: 25721629 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Granulomatous disorders affecting the skin belong to a heterogeneous group of diseases. With the exception of granulomas induced by infectious agents or foreign bodies, the etiopathogenesis of granulomatous disorders is still poorly understood. The knowledge of histopathologic changes is of great importance for understanding clinical presentation and disease course.
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11
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Tronnier M, Mitteldorf C. Histologische Merkmale granulomatöser Hauterkrankungen: Teil 1: nichtinfektiöse granulomatöse Erkrankungen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12610_suppl] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tronnier
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS Klinikum Hildesheim
| | - Christina Mitteldorf
- Klinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, HELIOS Klinikum Hildesheim
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