1
|
Ruggiero CF, Trexberg KM, Moore AM, Savage JS. Applying the Family Stress Model to responsive feeding and early obesity prevention. Appetite 2024; 200:107515. [PMID: 38797237 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Rapid weight gain during infancy and obesity during early childhood may lead to adverse health outcomes during later childhood and into adulthood, especially in families experiencing economic hardship. Families experiencing economic hardship may also experience food insecurity, which can impact child development and responsive feeding, an important target for obesity prevention in early life. The Family Stress Model suggests that stress, particularly economic hardship, can negatively impact parents' mental health, parenting, and quality of family relationships. This review proposes a conceptual model that expands upon the original Family Stress Model by including parent-child dyadic interactions during feeding (i.e., responsive feeding) as well as the coparenting relationship around feeding. Our conceptual model integrates responsive feeding into the Family Stress Model and includes the impact of food insecurity on feeding and child health outcomes. Such models that consider multiple influences on child development have implications for the design of effective interventions to promote healthy growth for entire families. Future directions in this research will empirically test the model and explore early intervention strategies that aim to promote responsive feeding, nutrition security, and health within families. Continuing interdisciplinary research between the fields of nutrition and family development will be key to addressing the complex interplay of family stressors, parent responsiveness, and childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cara F Ruggiero
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Trexberg
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, 119 Health and Human Development Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Amy M Moore
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, 129 Noll Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 110 Chandlee Laboratory, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Salemonsen E, Langeland IO, Holm AL. Experiences of childhood weight management among Norwegian fathers of children with overweight or obesity - a qualitative interview study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2023; 18:2235116. [PMID: 37442142 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2235116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paternal participation and experiences in childhood weight management is an understudied studied area. Given the important role fathers play in childhood obesity prevention and treatment, the aim of this study was to explore Norwegian fathers' experiences of helping to prevent further weight gain in their children with overweight or obesity. METHODS Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eight fathers of ten children with overweight or obesity and analysed by qualitative content analysis. RESULTS The analysis resulted in one overall theme: Balancing between assuming and avoiding responsibility for weight management with a desire to preserve the child's dignity, comprising two themes: 1) Alternating between concern, helplessness and responsibility, 2) Needing acknowledgement, and flexible and tailored professional support, both of which have several sub-themes. CONCLUSION Fathers need guidance on how to talk to their children to prevent further weight gain, while at the same time emphasizing safeguarding the child's dignity. Healthcare professionals should address parents' own emotional barriers and include fathers to a greater extent as a resource in family-centred counselling and tailor guidance and support to help with childhood weight management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Salemonsen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Ingrid Oma Langeland
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Holm
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salemonsen E, Holm AL, Øen KG. Struggling with overweight or obesity in children – fathers’ perceptions and experiences of contributing factors, role and responsibility. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2022; 17:2093912. [PMID: 35786409 PMCID: PMC9254993 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2093912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Salemonsen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Anne Lise Holm
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway
| | - Kirsten Gudbjørg Øen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Public Health, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies on obesogenic eating behaviors in young children have mainly focused on the roles of family environment and parental behaviors. However, intrapersonal characteristics, particularly executive functions, have recently gained more attention in the literature. Therefore, herein we review work on children's executive functions (EFs), particularly the roles of cold and hot executive functions on children's obesogenic eating behaviors. RECENT FINDINGS Most work examining the associations between EF and obesogenic eating among children has focused on the cool EF, particularly inhibitory control/impulsivity. Findings have consistently showed that deficits in inhibitory control/impulsivity are associated with overeating and food responsiveness. The roles of the other two cool EFs (attention control/shifting and working memory) and hot EF (delay of gratification and affective decision-making) in contributing to child obesogenic eating are less clear. For instance, the association between children's performance on delay of gratification tasks and obesogenic eating varies depending on whether food or non-food rewards were used; children with poorer delay of gratification in non-food tasks had more obesogenic eating, although children with poorer delay of gratification in food tasks had less obesogenic eating. Deficits in inhibitory control/impulsivity are associated with more obesogenic eating, suggesting that improving children's inhibition may reduce overeating and childhood obesity. The roles of other cool and hot components of EFs in contributing to obesogenic eating require further study.
Collapse
|
5
|
Hamilton JG, Mays D, DeMarco T, Tercyak KP. Modeling the dyadic effects of parenting, stress, and coping on parent-child communication in families tested for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer risk. Fam Cancer 2017; 15:513-22. [PMID: 26848859 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-016-9876-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing for BRCA genes, associated with hereditary breast-ovarian cancer risk, is an accepted cancer control strategy. BRCA genetic testing has both medical and psychosocial implications for individuals seeking testing and their family members. However, promoting open and adaptive communication about cancer risk in the family is challenging for parents of minor children. Using prospective data collected from mothers undergoing BRCA genetic testing and their untested co-parents (N = 102 parenting dyads), we examined how maternal and co-parent characteristics independently and conjointly influenced the overall quality of parent-child communication with minor children. Statistical associations were tested in accordance with the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model. Significant Actor effects were observed among mothers, such that open parent-child communication prior to genetic testing was positively associated with open communication 6 months following receipt of genetic test results; and among co-parents, more open parent-child communication at baseline and greater perceived quality of the parenting relationship were associated with more open parent-child communication at follow-up. Partner effects were also observed: co-parents' baseline communication and confidence in their ability to communicate with their minor children about genetic testing was positively associated with open maternal parent-child communication at follow-up. These results demonstrate that for families facing the prospect of cancer genetic testing, perceptions and behaviors of both members of child-rearing couples have important implications for the overall quality of communication with their minor children, including communication about cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jada G Hamilton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darren Mays
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA.,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, NW, Suite 4100, Washington, DC, 20007, USA
| | - Tiffani DeMarco
- Division of Medical Genomics, Inova Translational Medicine Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth P Tercyak
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. .,Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, 3300 Whitehaven Street, NW, Suite 4100, Washington, DC, 20007, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Akay AP, Ozturk Y, Avcil SN, Kavurma C, Tufan E. Relationships between pediatric obesity and maternal emotional states and attitudes. Int J Psychiatry Med 2015; 50:178-90. [PMID: 26359289 DOI: 10.1177/0091217415605032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to investigate depression and anxiety levels of mothers whose child (7-11 years) and adolescent (12-18 years) offspring had obesity, as well as those mothers' attitudes toward their children and their family relationships. METHOD This is a cross-sectional, case-control study of 100 dyads. All mothers completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, the Parental Attitude Research Instrument, and the Family Assessment Device. RESULTS Maternal state anxiety in the group with obesity was significantly higher than controls (p = 0.03). As measured by Family Assessment Device, affective involvement (p = 0.05) and behavior control (p = 0.00) scores were significantly higher for those with obesity. Obesity and adolescence have independent effects on maternal state anxiety; affective involvement domain of family function is affected by both obesity and its interaction with adolescence, while behavior control domain is singularly affected by obesity. CONCLUSIONS Our results may demonstrate that, for the mothers of children who have obesity, this condition may have an adverse effect on their lives and their family relationships. Pediatric obesity and developmental stage of offspring may have different effects on maternally reported psychometric variables. Cross-sectional design may hinder causal explanations. Further studies with longitudinal designs are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Pekcanlar Akay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Yesim Ozturk
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey Division of Pediatric Metabolic Disease, Department of Pediatrics, Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Nur Avcil
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Canem Kavurma
- İzmir Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastalıkları ve Cerrahisi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Abant İzzet Baysal University Medical Faculty, Bolu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hansen AR, Duncan DT, Tarasenko YN, Yan F, Zhang J. Generational shift in parental perceptions of overweight among school-aged children. Pediatrics 2014; 134:481-8. [PMID: 25157001 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental perceptions of child's weight status may influence family readiness to foster healthy behaviors. This study investigated the generational shifting of parental perceptions about children's weight. METHODS Data were collected in the NHANES 1988-1994 (n = 2871) and 2005-2010 (n = 3202). Parents, mainly mothers, were asked whether they considered their child, ages 6 to 11 years, to be overweight, underweight, or just about the right weight. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2000 growth chart was used for reference. We ran Poisson regression to estimate the probability ratio between the 2 surveys for parents perceiving their child as overweight after controlling for actual weight. RESULTS The 10th percentile of BMI z scores for children who were parentally perceived as overweight shifted with statistical significance from 84th percentile of reference population in the early survey to 91st percentile of reference population in the recent survey (P < .05). The mean z score of children parentally perceived as overweight also increased between surveys with the largest increase among children from poor families (from 1.60 [SE: 0.20] to 1.98 [0.08], P < .05), followed by African Americans (from 1.65 [0.09] to 2.02 [0.05], P < .05). The probability of overweight/obese children being correctly perceived as overweight by the parents declined by 24% between surveys (probability ratio = 0.76 [95% confidence interval: 0.67-0.87]). CONCLUSIONS Overweight/obese children were less likely to be perceived as overweight in the recent survey compared with peers of similar weight but surveyed 10+ years earlier. The declining tendency among parents to perceive overweight children appropriately may indicate a generational shift in social norms related to body weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin T Duncan
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York; and
| | - Yelena N Tarasenko
- Epidemiology, and Health Policy and Management, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, Georgia
| | - Fei Yan
- Department of Biostatistics and Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mazzeschi C, Pazzagli C, Laghezza L, Radi G, Battistini D, De Feo P. The role of both parents' attachment pattern in understanding childhood obesity. Front Psychol 2014; 5:791. [PMID: 25120507 PMCID: PMC4112908 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the research area on the determinants of childhood obesity, a relatively new approach is the use of attachment theory to explore the mechanisms underlying children’s obesity risk, especially considered as emotion regulation strategies in parent–child relationship. Few are the empirical researches that have addressed this issue. The empirical investigations have used self-report measures to assess adult attachment. In attachment studies, the use of interview methods and/or performance-based instruments is advised to evaluate the entire range of possible adult attachment patterns and comprehensively explain the emotional strategies, correlates, and consequences of individual differences in attachment system functioning. The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which both parents’ attachment patterns serve as self-regulative mechanisms related to childhood overweight/obesity by the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP) in a sample of 44 mothers and fathers of children referred for obesity. Insecure attachment was found as a risk factor both for mothers and fathers. Also unresolved/disorganization was found to play a significant role in childhood obesity. The role of father’s attachment was explored and findings suggested considering it in etiology and treatment of childhood obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Mazzeschi
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Chiara Pazzagli
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Loredana Laghezza
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Giulia Radi
- Department of Philosophy and Human Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| | - Dalila Battistini
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Psychology and Psychiatric Rehabilitation, Perugia Italy
| | - Pierpaolo De Feo
- Health Lifestyle Institute, Centro Universitario Ricerca Interdipartimentale per l'Attività Motoria, University of Perugia, Perugia Italy
| |
Collapse
|