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Nguyen QTN, Park J, Kim DY, Tran DT, Han IO. Forskolin rescues hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction in zebrafish with potential involvement of O-GlcNAc cycling regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116032. [PMID: 38281601 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Repeated sublethal hypoxia exposure induces brain inflammation and affects the initiation and progression of cognitive dysfunction. Experiments from the current study showed that hypoxic exposure downregulates PKA/CREB signaling, which is restored by forskolin (FSK), an adenylate cyclase activator, in both Neuro2a (N2a) cells and zebrafish brain. FSK significantly protected N2a cells from hypoxia-induced cell death and neurite shrinkage. Intraperitoneal administration of FSK for 5 days on zebrafish additionally led to significant recovery from hypoxia-induced social interaction impairment and learning and memory (L/M) deficit. FSK suppressed hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation, as indicated by the observed decrease in NF-κB activation and GFAP expression. We further investigated the potential effect of FSK on O-GlcNAcylation changes induced by hypoxia. Intriguingly FSK induced marked upregulation of the protein level of O-GlcNAc transferase catalyzing addition of the GlcNAc group to target proteins, accompanied by elevated O-GlcNAcylation of nucleocytoplasmic proteins. The hypoxia-induced O-GlcNAcylation decrease in the brain of zebrafish was considerably restored following FSK treatment. Based on the collective results, we propose that FSK rescues hypoxia-induced cognitive dysfunction, potentially through regulation of HBP/O-GlcNAc cycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quynh T N Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Duong T Tran
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Inn Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea.
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Sharma P, Singh V, Singh M. N-methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl-O-chalcone derivatives as potential polyfunctional agents against Alzheimer's disease: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:1155-1175. [PMID: 37599098 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The series of N-methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl-O-chalcone derivatives as potential polyfuctional agents against Alzheimer's disease that have been designed, synthesized and then evaluated biologically using in vitro assays for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, AGEs, and free radical formation. The majority of synthesized compounds inhibited AChE & AGEs with additional free radical scavenging activities at nanomolar concentrations. Among these, compound 5k was found to have potent AChE inhibitory activity (IC50 = 11.6 nM), superior than the reference compound donepezil (15.68 nM) along with the good anti-AGEs and free radical formation effect. Its potency was justified by docking studies that revealed its dual binding characteristic with both catalytic active site and peripheral anionic site of AChE, simultaneously. Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation of 5k against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced dementia in rats also showed improvement of memory functions (Morris water maze test) in animals. Also, 5k inhibited STZ-inudced brain AChE activity and oxidative stress which further strengthen the observed in vitro effects. The stability of the ligand-protein complex was then analyzed using a simulation-based interaction protocol. The results revealed that these N-methylpiperazinyl and piperdinylalkyl-O-chalcone derivatives could be considered for potential polyfunctional anti-Alzheimer's molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Manjinder Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Gupta T, Singh V, Hefnawy M, Alanazi MM, Alsuwayt B, Kabra A, Kumar A, Pasricha C, Singh R. Ameliorating the Role of Aripiprazole in Memory Deficits Induced by Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin-Induced Dementia of Alzheimer's Type. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:25295-25302. [PMID: 37483219 PMCID: PMC10357558 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder causing immense suffering for the patients. Dopamine D2 and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A (5-HT1A) receptors' activation has been reported to play a crucial role in managing neurological outcomes in the brain and other health disorders. This study aimed to investigate the role of aripiprazole, a dopamine D2 and 5-HT1A selective receptors' activator, in the restoration of memory deficit induced by streptozotocin in mice. The cognitive functions of animals were determined using the Morris water maze. Brain sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red to examine the structural deviations. Brain oxidative stress (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and glutathione), acetylcholinesterase activity, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured to assess biochemical alterations. Activation of D2 and 5-HT1A with aripiprazole attenuated STZ-induced cognitive deficit, increased brain GSH levels, reduced TBARS levels, AChE activity, IL-6 levels, and IL-10 levels and prevented STZ-induced brain anomalies in mice. Hence, the present study concluded that aripiprazole mitigated STZ-induced memory impairment and can be used as an efficacious therapeutic target for the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Gupta
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Varinder Singh
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Technical University, Bathinda 151001, Punjab, India
| | - Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Alanazi
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Alsuwayt
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atul Kabra
- University
Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh
University, Mohali 140301, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Chirag Pasricha
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Chitkara
College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
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Ott K, Heikkinen T, Lehtimäki KK, Paldanius K, Puoliväli J, Pussinen R, Andriambeloson E, Huyard B, Wagner S, Schnack C, Wahler A, von Einem B, von Arnim CAF, Burmeister Y, Weyer K, Seilheimer B. Vertigoheel promotes rodent cognitive performance in multiple memory tests. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1183023. [PMID: 37325043 PMCID: PMC10264630 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1183023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cognitive impairment associated with old age or various brain disorders may be very disabling for affected individuals, placing their carers and public health services under considerable stress. The standard-of-care drugs produce only transient improvement of cognitive impairment in older people, so the search for novel, safe and effective therapeutics that would help to reverse or delay cognitive impairment is warranted. Repurposing pharmacological therapies with well-established safety record for additional indications is a promising recent trend in drug development. Vertigoheel (VH-04), a multicomponent drug made of Ambra grisea, Anamirta cocculus L., Conium maculatum, and Petroleum rectificatum, has been successfully used for several decades in the treatment of vertigo. Here, we investigated effects of VH-04 on cognitive performance in standard behavioral tests assessing different types of memory and explored cellular and molecular underpinnings of VH-04's biological activity. Methods In the majority of behavioral experiments, namely in the spontaneous and rewarded alternation tests, passive avoidance test, contextual/cued fear conditioning, and social transmission of food preference, we examined the ability of single and repeated intraperitoneal administrations of VH-04 to improve cognitive parameters of mice and rats disrupted by the application of the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine. In addition, we also assessed how VH-04 affected novel object recognition and influenced performance of aged animals in Morris water maze. Furthermore, we also studied the effects of VH-04 on primary hippocampal neurons in vitro and mRNA expression of synaptophysin in the hippocampus. Results Administration of VH-04 positively influenced visual recognition memory in the novel object recognition test and alleviated the impairments in spatial working memory and olfactory memory caused by the muscarinic antagonist scopolamine in the spontaneous alternation and social transmission of food preference tests. In addition, VH-04 improved retention of the spatial orientation memory of old rats in the Morris water maze. In contrast, VH-04 did not have significant effects on scopolamine-induced impairments in tests of fear-aggravated memory or rewarded alternation. Experiments in vitro showed that VH-04 stimulated neurite growth and possibly reversed the age-dependent decrease in hippocampal synaptophysin mRNA expression, which implies that VH-04 may preserve synaptic integrity in the aging brain. Discussion Our findings allow a cautious conclusion that in addition to its ability to alleviate manifestations of vertigo, VH-04 may be also used as a cognitive enhancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Anke Wahler
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christine A. F. von Arnim
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Sałaciak K, Koszałka A, Lustyk K, Żmudzka E, Jagielska A, Pytka K. Memory impairments in rodent depression models: A link with depression theories. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110774. [PMID: 37088171 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
More than 80% of depressed patients struggle with learning new tasks, remembering positive events, or concentrating on a single topic. These neurocognitive deficits accompanying depression may be linked to functional and structural changes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. However, their mechanisms are not yet completely understood. We conducted a narrative review of articles regarding animal studies to assess the state of knowledge. First, we argue the contribution of changes in neurotransmitters and hormone levels in the pathomechanism of cognitive dysfunction in animal depression models. Then, we used numerous neuroinflammation studies to explore its possible implication in cognitive decline. Encouragingly, we also observed a positive correlation between increased oxidative stress and a depressive-like state with concomitant memory deficits. Finally, we discuss the undeniable role of neurotrophin deficits in developing cognitive decline in animal models of depression. This review reveals the complexity of depression-related memory impairments and highlights the potential clinical importance of gathered findings for developing more reliable animal models and designing novel antidepressants with procognitive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Sałaciak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Koszałka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Klaudia Lustyk
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Żmudzka
- Department of Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College Medyczna, 9 Street, Kraków 30-688, Poland
| | - Angelika Jagielska
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, Krakow 30-688, Poland.
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Singla RK, Dhonchak K, Sodhi RK, Arockia Babu M, Madan J, Madaan R, Kumar S, Sharma R, Shen B. Bergenin ameliorates cognitive deficits and neuropathological alterations in sodium azide-induced experimental dementia. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:994018. [PMID: 36249784 PMCID: PMC9556967 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.994018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bergenin, 4-O-methyl gallic acid glucoside, is a bioactive compound found in the cortex of Mallotus japonicus (L.f.) Müll.Arg. along with many other natural resources including that from Bergenia species. The present study delineates the neuroprotective potential of bergenin through the modulation of PPAR-γ receptors. Method: Dementia was induced in the Wistar rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of sodium azide (12.5 mg/kg for the first 5 days followed by 10 mg/kg for the next 9 days). The rats were then exposed to the Morris water maze test to assess the effect on cognitive abilities followed by a series of biochemical and histopathological evaluations. Results: Sodium azide-treated rats exhibited a severe deterioration of memory as suggested by poor performance in the spatial learning task in addition to the enhancement of brain acetylcholinesterase potential, oxidative stress, inflammation, and amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation. Administration of bergenin to sodium azide-treated rats significantly recovered cognition and related biochemical variations. Further, co-administration of Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a PPAR-γ antagonist with bergenin challenged its neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: The findings of our study exhibit that the cognitive restoration potential of bergenin may be attributed to its modulatory effects against cholinesterase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers, as well as its neuroprotective actions, thus aligning it as a possible therapy for Alzheimer’s disease-related dementia. The study also fortifies the significance of PPAR-γ receptors in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev K. Singla
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Konika Dhonchak
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Rupinder K. Sodhi
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
- *Correspondence: Rupinder K. Sodhi, ; Bairong Shen,
| | - M. Arockia Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, Chandigarh College of Pharmacy, Mohali, India
| | - Jitender Madan
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Reecha Madaan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Rupinder K. Sodhi, ; Bairong Shen,
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Vazquez-Mayorga E, Grigoruta M, Dagda R, Martinez B, Dagda RK. Intraperitoneal Administration of Forskolin Reverses Motor Symptoms and Loss of Midbrain Dopamine Neurons in PINK1 Knockout Rats. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:831-850. [PMID: 34957950 PMCID: PMC9108570 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a relentless, chronic neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of substantia nigra (SN) neurons that leads to the onset of motor and non-motor symptoms. Standard of care for PD consists of replenishing the loss of dopamine through oral administration of Levodopa; however, this treatment is not disease-modifying and often induces intolerable side effects. While the etiology that contributes to PD is largely unknown, emerging evidence in animal models suggests that a significant reduction in neuroprotective Protein Kinase A (PKA) signaling in the SN contributes to PD pathogenesis, suggesting that restoring PKA signaling in the midbrain may be a new anti-PD therapeutic alternative. Objective: We surmised that pharmacological activation of PKA via intraperitoneal administration of Forskolin exerts anti-PD effects in symptomatic PTEN-induced kinase 1 knockout (PINK1-KO), a bona fide in vivo model of PD. Methods: By using a beam balance and a grip strength analyzer, we show that Forskolin reverses motor symptoms and loss of hindlimb strength with long-lasting therapeutic effects (> 5 weeks) following the last dose. Results: In comparison, intraperitoneal treatment with Levodopa temporarily (24 h) reduces motor symptoms but unable to restore hindlimb strength in PINK1-KO rats. By using immunohistochemistry and an XF24e BioAnalyzer, Forskolin treatment reverses SN neurons loss, elevates brain energy production and restores PKA activity in SN in symptomatic PINK1-KO rats. Conclusion: Overall, our collective in vivo data suggest that Forskolin is a promising disease-modifying therapeutic alternative for PD and is superior to Levodopa because it confers long-lasting therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Grigoruta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
| | - Raul Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Bridget Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Ruben K. Dagda
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
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Virk D, Kumar A, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Ameliorative role of rolipram, PDE-4 inhibitor, against sodium arsenite-induced vascular dementia in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:63250-63262. [PMID: 34226994 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15189-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic exposure to the population leads to serious health problems like neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and cardiovascular abnormality. In the present study, the work has been commenced to discover the prospect of rolipram a phosphodiestrase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitor against sodium arsenite (SA)-induced vascular endothelial dysfunction (EnDF) leading to dementia in rats. Wistar rats were treated with SA (5 mg/kg body weight/day orally) for 44 days for induction of vascular EnDF and dementia. Learning and memory were evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Vascular EnDF was evaluated using aortic ring preparation. Various biochemical parameters were also evaluated like brain oxidative stress (viz. reduced glutathione and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances level), serum nitrite/nitrate activity, acetylcholinesterase activity, and inflammatory markers (viz. neutrophil infiltration in brain and myeloperoxidase). SA-treated rats showed poor performance in water maze trials indicating attenuated memory and ability to learn with significant rise (p < 0.05) in brain acetylcholinesterase activity, brain oxidative stress, neutrophil count, and significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum nitrite/nitrate levels and vascular endothelial functions. Rolipram (PDE-4 inhibitor) treatment (0.03 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally daily for 14 days) significantly improved memory and learning abilities, and restored various biochemical parameters and EnDF. It is concluded that PDE-4 modulator may be considered the prospective target for the treatment of SA-induced vascular EnDF and related dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divjot Virk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India.
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India.
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Wu YQ, Liu Q, Wang HB, Chen C, Huang H, Sun YM, Ma LH, Wan J, Sun YY, Miao HH. Microarray Analysis Identifies Key Differentially Expressed Circular RNAs in Aged Mice With Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:716383. [PMID: 34483886 PMCID: PMC8415796 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.716383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a common complication in elderly patients. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) may contribute to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in POCD in aged mice has not yet been reported. This study aimed to explore the potential circRNAs in a POCD model. First, a circRNA microarray was used to analyze the expression profiles. Differentially expressed circRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. A bioinformatics analysis was then used to construct a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network. The database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery was used to perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of circRNA-related genes. Moreover, protein-protein interactions were analyzed to predict the circRNA-regulated hub genes using the STRING and molecular complex detection plug-in of Cytoscape. Microarray screen 124 predicted circRNAs in the POCD of aged mice. We found that the up/downregulated circRNAs were involved in multiple signaling pathways. Hub genes, including Egfr and Prkacb, were identified and may be regulated by ceRNA networks. These results suggest that circRNAs are dysexpressed in the hippocampus and may contribute to POCD in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qing Wu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hai-Bi Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yi-Man Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lin-Hui Ma
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jie Wan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yin-Ying Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Hui Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Randhawa K, Singh V, Kaur S, Kaur R, Kumar S, Shri R. Isolation of Pleurotus florida derived acetylcholinesterase inhibitor for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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11
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Gorny N, Kelly MP. Alterations in cyclic nucleotide signaling are implicated in healthy aging and age-related pathologies of the brain. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2021; 115:265-316. [PMID: 33706951 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2020.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is not only important to consider how hormones may change with age, but also how downstream signaling pathways that couple to hormone receptors may change. Among these hormone-coupled signaling pathways are the 3',5'-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) intracellular second messenger cascades. Here, we test the hypothesis that dysfunction of cAMP and/or cGMP synthesis, execution, and/or degradation occurs in the brain during healthy and pathological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease. Although most studies report lower cyclic nucleotide signaling in the aged brain, with further reductions noted in the context of age-related diseases, there are select examples where cAMP signaling may be elevated in select tissues. Thus, therapeutics would need to target cAMP/cGMP in a tissue-specific manner if efficacy for select symptoms is to be achieved without worsening others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Gorny
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michy P Kelly
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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12
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Rani R, Kumar A, Jaggi AS, Singh N. Pharmacological investigations on efficacy of Phlorizin a sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT) inhibitor in mouse model of intracerebroventricular streptozotocin induced dementia of AD type. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 32:1057-1064. [PMID: 33548170 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2020-0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study has been commenced to discover the potential of Phlorizin (dual SGLT inhibitor) in streptozotocin induced dementia of Alzheimer's disease (AD) type. MATERIAL AND METHODS Injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) was given via i.c.v. route (3 mg/kg) to induce dementia of Alzheimer's type. In these animals learning and memory was evaluated using Morris water maze (MWM) test. Glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) level was quantified to evaluate the oxidative stress; cholinergic activity of brain was estimated in term of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity; and the levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured as inflammation marker. RESULTS The mice model had decreased performance in MWM, representing impairment of cognitive functions. Biochemical evaluation showed rise in TBARS level, MPO and AChE activity, and fall in GSH level. The histopathological study revealed severe infiltration of neutrophils. In the study, Phlorizin/Donepezil (serving as positive control) treatment mitigate streptozotocin induced cognitive decline, histopathological changes and biochemical alterations. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that Phlorizin decreased cognitive function via its anticholinesterase, antioxidative, antiinflammatory effects and probably through SGLT inhibitory action. It can be conferred that SGLTs can be an encouraging target for the treatment of dementia of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena Rani
- CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Amteshwar Singh Jaggi
- CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
| | - Nirmal Singh
- CNS Research Lab., Pharmacology Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
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Protein kinases A and C regulate amyloid-β degradation by modulating protein levels of neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme in astrocytes. Neurosci Res 2020; 166:62-72. [PMID: 32512031 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathology of sporadic Alzheimer's disease is hallmarked by altered signal transduction via the neurotransmitter receptor-G-protein-mediated protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) pathways. Because the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) depends on its rates of synthesis and clearance, the metabolic pathway of Aβ in the brain and the entire body warrants exploration. The two major enzymes involved in Aβ degradation in the brain are believed to be the neprilysin and insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE). This study investigated whether PKA and PKC regulate the degradation of Aβ by modulating the protein levels of neprilysin and IDE in astrocytes. Activation of PKA induced a significant decrease in neprilysin protein levels in cultured astrocytes, whereas activation of PKC induced a significant decrease in the protein level of neprilysin and an increase in the protein level of IDE. Following activation of PKC, the reduction of neprilysin was achieved by its secretion into the culture media. Moreover, PKA-activated astrocytes significantly delayed the degradation of exogenous Aβ, whereas PKC-activated astrocytes significantly facilitated its degradation. These results suggest that PKA and PKC regulate Aβ degradation in astrocytes through a decrease in the protein level of neprilysin and an increase in neprilysin secretion and protein levels of IDE, respectively.
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Kaur R, Randhawa K, Kaur S, Shri R. Allium cepa fraction attenuates STZ-induced dementia via cholinesterase inhibition and amelioration of oxidative stress in mice. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0197/jbcpp-2019-0197.xml. [PMID: 32160161 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background An earlier study demonstrated significant antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of hydromethanol extract (HME) of Allium cepa. The aim of the study was to investigate the component responsible for these activities followed by an in vivo study. Methods In vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of standardized ethylacetate fraction (EAF) of HME were assessed. Bioactivity-guided fractionation showed that, as compared with its subfractions, EAF had most significant activity in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and Ellman assays. Thus, EAF was further examined using a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of Alzheimer's disease in mice. STZ was injected intracerebroventricularly on days 1 and 3 (3 mg/kg) in mice. EAF was thereafter administered (42, 84, and 168 mg/kg b.w./day p.o.) from days 9 to 22. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate learning and memory in mice. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and oxidative stress markers were assessed in the brain homogenates of mice. Additionally, histopathological studies were performed to observe effects in the brain at the cellular level. EAF was standardized based on quercetin and quercetin 4'-O-glucoside content using a validated thin layer chromatography densitometric method. Results STZ produced significant (p < 0.05) memory impairment along with oxidative stress and a cholinergic deficit in mice. EAF treatment ameliorated STZ-induced behavioral deficits and biochemical alterations in mice in a significant and dose-dependent manner. Conclusions Our results show that EAF is efficacious in improving memory and learning via AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity in the mice brain. Thus, AC could be explored further to find out a lead candidate for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Kudrat Randhawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Sanimardeep Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Richa Shri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
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