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Liu H, Zhang Y, Hou X, Zhu C, Yang Q, Li K, Fan L, Zhang X, Jiang X, Jin X, Lei H, Chen T, Zhang F, Zhang Z, Song J. CRHR1 antagonist alleviated depression-like behavior by downregulating p62 in a rat model of post-stroke depression. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114822. [PMID: 38823676 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Post-stroke depression (PSD) is a complication of cerebrovascular disease, which can increase mortality after stroke. CRH is one of the main signaling peptides released after activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to stress. It affects synaptic plasticity by regulating inflammation, oxidative stress and autophagy in the central nervous system. And the loss of spines exacerbates depression-like behavior. Therefore, synaptic deficits induced by CRH may be related to post-stroke depression. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. The Keap1-Nrf2 complex is one of the core components of the antioxidant response. As an autophagy associated protein, p62 participates in the Keap1-NrF2 pathway through its Keap1 interaction domain. Oxidative stress is involved in the feedback regulation between Keap1-Nrf2 pathway and p62.However, whether the relationship between CRH and the Keap1-Nrf2-p62 pathway is involved in PSD remains unknown. This study found that serum levels of CRH in 22 patients with PSD were higher than those in healthy subjects. We used MCAO combined with CUMS single-cage SD rats to establish an animal model of PSD. Animal experiments showed that CRHR1 antagonist prevented synaptic loss in the hippocampus of PSD rats and alleviated depression-like behavior. CRH induced p62 accumulation in the prefrontal cortex of PSD rats through CRHR1. CRHR1 antagonist inhibited Keap1-Nrf2-p62 pathway by attenuating oxidative stress. In addition, we found that abnormal accumulation of p62 induces PSD. It alleviates depression-like behavior by inhibiting the expression of p62 and promoting the clearance of p62 in PSD rats. These findings can help explore the pathogenesis of PSD and design targeted treatments for PSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoli Hou
- General Hospital of Pingmei Shenma Group, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Chuanzhou Zhu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Qianling Yang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Kun Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Lifei Fan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Xinhui Jiang
- The Third People's Hospital of Luoyang, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Hao Lei
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University
| | - Fuping Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University; The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
| | - Jinggui Song
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Physical Diagnostics and Treatment Technology for the Mental and Neurological Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Prevention and treatment of mental disorder, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University.
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Yang XP, Dan-Dai, Chen RX, Li YX, Rui Lv X, Li Y. The expression of ProBDNF and its high affinity receptor P75NTR in the neurons of emotion-related brain regions of post-stroke depression rats. Brain Res 2024; 1831:148829. [PMID: 38423239 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of the precursor of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and its high-affinity receptor p75NTR in neurons of emotion-related brain areas (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala) in rats with post-stroke depression (PSD), and to explore the expression levels of proBDNF and p75NTR in neurons of emotion-related brain areas by injecting tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) into the lateral ventricle of PSD rats, this significantly improved the stress-induced depression-like behavior,thus further validating the above results. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into four groups: a normal control group (n = 8), a depression group (n = 8), a stroke group (n = 8), and a PSD group (n = 8). The rat model of stroke was established by thread embolism, and the PSD animal model was induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and solitary feeding. Behavioral tests were conducted, including weight measurement, open field tests, and sucrose preference tests. Immunofluorescence double labeling was used to detect the expression of proBDNF and p75NTR in neurons of emotion-related brain regions in the PSD rat model. Four weeks after CUMS treatment, the PSD group was selected. Rats were infused with t-PA (3 μg dissolved in 6 μL saline, Boehringer Ingelheim), proBDNF (3 μg dissolved in 6 μL saline, Abcam), or equal-volume NS once per day for 7 consecutive days using the syringe pump connecting to injection needles. After 7 days of continuous administration, animal behavior was assessed through scoring, and the expression of proBDNF and p75NTR in the emotion-related brain regions of the PSD rat model was detected using immunofluorescence double labeling. RESULTS Compared with the normal control group and the stroke group, the body weight, sucrose water consumption, and vertical movement distance in the PSD group were significantly lower (P < 0.05). In contrast, when compared with the proBDNF injection group and saline injection group, the weight, sucrose water consumption, field horizontal movement, and vertical movement distance of the t-PA injection group significantly increased after PSD lateral ventricle intubation.Double immunofluorescence revealed a higher neuronal expression of proBDNF as well as p75NTR in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of PSD rats compared to control animals (P < 0.05). In the amygdala, the expression levels of proBDNF and P75NTR were significantly reduced in the PSD group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The results of the expression levels of proBDNF and P75NTR in the emotion-related brain regions of PSD rats injected with t-PA showed that proBDNF and P75NTR was significantly reduced in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala of PSD rats compared to those of the NS and proBDNF groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The increased expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor proBDNF and its receptor p75NTR in neurons of emotion-related brain regions may play an important role in the pathogenesis of PSD.t-PA reduced the expression of proBDNF and its receptor p75NTR in neurons emotion-related brain regions and significantly improved the stress-induced depression-like behavior. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that exogenous injection of t-PA may alleviate the depressive symptoms of PSD patients.Reducing the expression of proBDNF by injecting t-PA may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of stress-related mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Yang
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Dan-Dai
- Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ruo-Xia Chen
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Li
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Xue Rui Lv
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China
| | - Yun Li
- Clinical Medical School, Dali University, Dali, China; Changshu Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changshu No.1 People's Hospital, Changshu 215500, Jiangsu Province, China.
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3
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Tian Z, Lu XT, Jiang X, Tian J. Bryostatin-1: a promising compound for neurological disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1187411. [PMID: 37351510 PMCID: PMC10282138 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1187411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the most complex system in human body, and there is often a lack of effective treatment strategies for the disorders related with CNS. Natural compounds with multiple pharmacological activities may offer better options because they have broad cellular targets and potentially produce synergic and integrative effects. Bryostatin-1 is one of such promising compounds, a macrolide separated from marine invertebrates. Bryostatin-1 has been shown to produce various biological activities through binding with protein kinase C (PKC). In this review, we mainly summarize the pharmacological effects of bryostatin-1 in the treatment of multiple neurological diseases in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Bryostatin-1 is shown to have great therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, fragile X syndrome, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and depression. It exhibits significant rescuing effects on the deficits of spatial learning, cognitive function, memory and other neurological functions caused by diseases, producing good neuroprotective effects. The promising neuropharmacological activities of bryostatin-1 suggest that it is a potential candidate for the treatment of related neurological disorders although there are still some issues needed to be addressed before its application in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin-Tong Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xun Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Tangdu Hospital of Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jiao Tian
- Department of Infection, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, The First Batch of Key Disciplines on Public Health in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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4
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Cogram P, Alkon DL, Crockford D, Deacon RMJ, Hurley MJ, Altimiras F, Sun MK, Tranfaglia M. Chronic bryostatin-1 rescues autistic and cognitive phenotypes in the fragile X mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18058. [PMID: 33093534 PMCID: PMC7581799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74848-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragile X syndrome (FXS), an X-chromosome linked intellectual disability, is the leading monogenetic cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a neurodevelopmental condition that currently has no specific drug treatment. Building upon the demonstrated therapeutic effects on spatial memory of bryostatin-1, a relatively specific activator of protein kinase C (PKC)ε, (also of PKCα) on impaired synaptic plasticity/maturation and spatial learning and memory in FXS mice, we investigated whether bryostatin-1 might affect the autistic phenotypes and other behaviors, including open field activity, activities of daily living (nesting and marble burying), at the effective therapeutic dose for spatial memory deficits. Further evaluation included other non-spatial learning and memory tasks. Interestingly, a short period of treatment (5 weeks) only produced very limited or no therapeutic effects on the autistic and cognitive phenotypes in the Fmr1 KO2 mice, while a longer treatment (13 weeks) with the same dose of bryostatin-1 effectively rescued the autistic and non-spatial learning deficit cognitive phenotypes. It is possible that longer-term treatment would result in further improvement in these fragile X phenotypes. This effect is clearly different from other treatment strategies tested to date, in that the drug shows little acute effect, but strong long-term effects. It also shows no evidence of tolerance, which has been a problem with other drug classes (mGluR5 antagonists, GABA-A and -B agonists). The results strongly suggest that, at appropriate dosing and therapeutic period, chronic bryostatin-1 may have great therapeutic value for both ASD and FXS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Cogram
- FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA, Santiago, Chile. .,IEB, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | - Robert M J Deacon
- FRAXA-DVI, FRAXA, Santiago, Chile.,IEB, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Michael J Hurley
- Neuroimmunology, Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Francisco Altimiras
- Faculty of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.,Faculty of Engineering and Business, Universidad de las Américas, Santiago, Chile
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Nelson TJ, Sun MK, Lim C, Sen A, Khan T, Chirila FV, Alkon DL. Bryostatin Effects on Cognitive Function and PKCɛ in Alzheimer's Disease Phase IIa and Expanded Access Trials. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 58:521-535. [PMID: 28482641 PMCID: PMC5438479 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin 1, a potent activator of protein kinase C epsilon (PKCɛ), has been shown to reverse synaptic loss and facilitate synaptic maturation in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Fragile X, stroke, and other neurological disorders. In a single-dose (25 μg/m2) randomized double-blind Phase IIa clinical trial, bryostatin levels reached a maximum at 1-2 h after the start of infusion. In close parallel with peak blood levels of bryostatin, an increase of PBMC PKCɛ was measured (p = 0.0185) within 1 h from the onset of infusion. Of 9 patients with a clinical diagnosis of AD, of which 6 received drug and 3 received vehicle within a double-blind protocol, bryostatin increased the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score by +1.83±0.70 unit at 3 h versus –1.00±1.53 unit for placebo. Bryostatin was well tolerated in these AD patients and no drug-related adverse events were reported. The 25 μg/m2 administered dose was based on prior clinical experience with three Expanded Access advanced AD patients treated with bryostatin, in which return of major functions such as swallowing, vocalization, and word recognition were noted. In one Expanded Access patient trial, elevated PKCɛ levels closely tracked cognitive benefits in the first 24 weeks as measured by MMSE and ADCS-ADL psychometrics. Pre-clinical mouse studies showed effective activation of PKCɛ and increased levels of BDNF and PSD-95. Together, these Phase IIa, Expanded Access, and pre-clinical results provide initial encouragement for bryostatin 1 as a potential treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Nelson
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Miao-Kun Sun
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Chol Lim
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Abhik Sen
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Tapan Khan
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Florin V Chirila
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Neurodiagnostics, LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, USA.,Neurotrope Biosciences, LLC, New York, NY, USA
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Alkon DL, Hongpaisan J, Sun MK. Effects of chronic bryostatin-1 on treatment-resistant depression in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 807:71-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Kim YR, Kim HN, Hong KW, Shin HK, Choi BT. Antidepressant Effects of Aripiprazole Augmentation for Cilostazol-Treated Mice Exposed to Chronic Mild Stress after Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020355. [PMID: 28208711 PMCID: PMC5343890 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects and underlying mechanism of aripiprazole (APZ) augmentation for cilostazol (CLS)-treated post-ischemic stroke mice that were exposed to chronic mild stress (CMS). Compared to treatment with either APZ or CLS alone, the combined treatment resulted in a greater reduction in depressive behaviors, including anhedonia, despair-like behaviors, and memory impairments. This treatment also significantly reduced atrophic changes in the striatum, cortex, and midbrain of CMS-treated ischemic mice, and inhibited neuronal cell apoptosis, particularly in the striatum and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Greater proliferation of neuronal progenitor cells was also observed in the ipsilateral striatum of the mice receiving combined treatment compared to mice receiving either drug alone. Phosphorylation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CREB) was increased in the striatum, hippocampus, and midbrain of mice receiving combined treatment compared to treatment with either drug alone, particularly in the neurons of the striatum and hippocampus, and dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. Our results suggest that APZ may augment the antidepressant effects of CLS via co-regulation of the CREB signaling pathway, resulting in the synergistic enhancement of their neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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8
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Aizenstein HJ, Baskys A, Boldrini M, Butters MA, Diniz BS, Jaiswal MK, Jellinger KA, Kruglov LS, Meshandin IA, Mijajlovic MD, Niklewski G, Pospos S, Raju K, Richter K, Steffens DC, Taylor WD, Tene O. Vascular depression consensus report - a critical update. BMC Med 2016; 14:161. [PMID: 27806704 PMCID: PMC5093970 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-016-0720-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular depression is regarded as a subtype of late-life depression characterized by a distinct clinical presentation and an association with cerebrovascular damage. Although the term is commonly used in research settings, widely accepted diagnostic criteria are lacking and vascular depression is absent from formal psychiatric manuals such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition - a fact that limits its use in clinical settings. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, showing a variety of cerebrovascular lesions, including extensive white matter hyperintensities, subcortical microvascular lesions, lacunes, and microinfarcts, in patients with late life depression, led to the introduction of the term "MRI-defined vascular depression". DISCUSSION This diagnosis, based on clinical and MRI findings, suggests that vascular lesions lead to depression by disruption of frontal-subcortical-limbic networks involved in mood regulation. However, despite multiple MRI approaches to shed light on the spatiotemporal structural changes associated with late life depression, the causal relationship between brain changes, related lesions, and late life depression remains controversial. While postmortem studies of elderly persons who died from suicide revealed lacunes, small vessel, and Alzheimer-related pathologies, recent autopsy data challenged the role of these lesions in the pathogenesis of vascular depression. Current data propose that the vascular depression connotation should be reserved for depressed older patients with vascular pathology and evident cerebral involvement. Based on current knowledge, the correlations between intra vitam neuroimaging findings and their postmortem validity as well as the role of peripheral markers of vascular disease in late life depression are discussed. CONCLUSION The multifold pathogenesis of vascular depression as a possible subtype of late life depression needs further elucidation. There is a need for correlative clinical, intra vitam structural and functional MRI as well as postmortem MRI and neuropathological studies in order to confirm the relationship between clinical symptomatology and changes in specific brain regions related to depression. To elucidate the causal relationship between regional vascular brain changes and vascular depression, animal models could be helpful. Current treatment options include a combination of vasoactive drugs and antidepressants, but the outcomes are still unsatisfying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Aizenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrius Baskys
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Riverside Psychiatric Medical Group, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maura Boldrini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meryl A Butters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Breno S Diniz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar Jaiswal
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kurt A Jellinger
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Alberichgasse 5/13, Vienna, A-1150, Austria.
| | - Lev S Kruglov
- Department of Geriatric Psychiatry of the St. Petersburg Psychoneurological Research Institute named after V. M. Bekhterev, Medical Faculty of St. Petersburg University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ivan A Meshandin
- Clinical Department, Scientific and Practical Center of Psychoneurology named after V. M. Soloviev, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Milija D Mijajlovic
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Center of Serbia, School of Medicine University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Guenter Niklewski
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Pospos
- Memory Disorders Clinic, Riverside Psychiatric Medical Group, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Keerthy Raju
- Consultant in Old Age Psychiatry, Cheshire and Wirral Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Chester, UK
| | - Kneginja Richter
- University Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany.,Faculty for Social Sciences, Technical University of Nuremberg Georg Simon Ohm, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - David C Steffens
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Warren D Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, The Center for Cognitive Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, The Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Oren Tene
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Barra de la Tremblaye P, Plamondon H. Alterations in the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurocircuitry: Insights into post stroke functional impairments. Front Neuroendocrinol 2016; 42:53-75. [PMID: 27455847 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Although it is well accepted that changes in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis may increase susceptibility to affective disorders in the general population, this link has been less examined in stroke patients. Yet, the bidirectional association between depression and cardiovascular disease is strong, and stress increases vulnerability to stroke. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is the central stress hormone of the HPA axis pathway and acts by binding to CRH receptors (CRHR) 1 and 2, which are located in several stress-related brain regions. Evidence from clinical and animal studies suggests a role for CRH in the neurobiological basis of depression and ischemic brain injury. Given its importance in the regulation of the neuroendocrine, autonomic, and behavioral correlates of adaptation and maladaptation to stress, CRH is likely associated in the pathophysiology of post stroke emotional impairments. The goals of this review article are to examine the clinical and experimental data describing (1) that CRH regulates the molecular signaling brain circuit underlying anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, (2) the influence of CRH and other stress markers in the pathophysiology of post stroke emotional and cognitive impairments, and (3) context and site specific interactions of CRH and BDNF as a basis for the development of novel therapeutic targets. This review addresses how the production and release of the neuropeptide CRH within the various regions of the mesocorticolimbic system influences emotional and cognitive behaviors with a look into its role in psychiatric disorders post stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Barra de la Tremblaye
- School of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - H Plamondon
- School of Psychology, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier Building, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
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Kim YR, Kim HN, Hong KW, Shin HK, Choi BT. Anti-depressant effects of phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol in chronic mild stress-treated mice after ischemic stroke. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:1055-66. [PMID: 26686236 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) inhibitor cilostazol ameliorates negative effects of cerebral hypoperfusion against cerebral ischemic injury through the phosphodiesterase 3-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling cascade. OBJECTIVES We investigated the question of whether cilostazol would have an anti-depressant effect on chronic mild stress (CMS)-treated mice after ischemic stroke. METHODS An animal model of post-stroke depression was developed by additional CMS procedures in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We performed behavioral, histological, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), immunohistochemical, Western blot and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). RESULTS In the open field, sucrose preference, forced swim and Morris water maze test, treatment with cilostazol resulted in reduction of all depressive behaviors examined, particularly in the Morris water maze test. Treatment with cilostazol reduced prominent atrophic changes in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus of CMS-treated ischemic mice through inhibition of neuronal cell death and microglial activation. In addition, treatment of the CMS-treated ischemic mice with cilostazol resulted in significantly increased phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and expression of mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus. Phosphorylation of CREB was also demonstrated in the dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. Treatment with cilostazol also resulted in an increased number of newly formed cells and enhanced differentiation into neurons in the ipsilateral striatum and hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor cilostazol may have anti-depressant effects on post-stroke depression through inhibition of neurodegeneration in the primary lesion and secondary extrafocal sites and promotion of neurogenesis. These beneficial effects on post-stroke depression may be involved in activation of CREB/BDNF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha Neui Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea. .,Korean Medical Science Research Center for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongnam, Yangsan, 626-870, Republic of Korea.
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Lucke-Wold BP, Logsdon AF, Smith KE, Turner RC, Alkon DL, Tan Z, Naser ZJ, Knotts CM, Huber JD, Rosen CL. Bryostatin-1 Restores Blood Brain Barrier Integrity following Blast-Induced Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1119-1134. [PMID: 25301233 PMCID: PMC5000781 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have accounted for an estimated 270,000 blast exposures among military personnel. Blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the 'signature injury' of modern warfare. Blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption following blast TBI can lead to long-term and diffuse neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigate for the first time the role of bryostatin-1, a specific protein kinase C (PKC) modulator, in ameliorating BBB breakdown. Thirty seven Sprague-Dawley rats were used for this study. We utilized a clinically relevant and validated blast model to expose animals to moderate blast exposure. Groups included: control, single blast exposure, and single blast exposure + bryostatin-1. Bryostatin-1 was administered i.p. 2.5 mg/kg after blast exposure. Evan's blue, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis were performed to assess injury. Evan's blue binds to albumin and is a marker for BBB disruption. The single blast exposure caused an increase in permeability compared to control (t = 4.808, p < 0.05), and a reduction back toward control levels when bryostatin-1 was administered (t = 5.113, p < 0.01). Three important PKC isozymes, PKCα, PKCδ, and PKCε, were co-localized primarily with endothelial cells but not astrocytes. Bryostatin-1 administration reduced toxic PKCα levels back toward control levels (t = 4.559, p < 0.01) and increased the neuroprotective isozyme PKCε (t = 6.102, p < 0.01). Bryostatin-1 caused a significant increase in the tight junction proteins VE-cadherin, ZO-1, and occludin through modulation of PKC activity. Bryostatin-1 ultimately decreased BBB breakdown potentially due to modulation of PKC isozymes. Future work will examine the role of bryostatin-1 in preventing chronic neurodegeneration following repetitive neurotrauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Aric F Logsdon
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Kelly E Smith
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Ryan C Turner
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Daniel L Alkon
- Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Zhenjun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Zachary J Naser
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Office of Professional Studies in Health Sciences, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - Chelsea M Knotts
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jason D Huber
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Charles L Rosen
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- The Center for Neuroscience, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Suite 4300, Health Sciences Center, PO Box 9183, Morgantown, WV, 26506-9183, USA.
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Kim YR, Kim HN, Pak ME, Ahn SM, Hong KH, Shin HK, Choi BT. Studies on the animal model of post-stroke depression and application of antipsychotic aripiprazole. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:294-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Girard S, Murray KN, Rothwell NJ, Metz GAS, Allan SM. Long-term functional recovery and compensation after cerebral ischemia in rats. Behav Brain Res 2014; 270:18-28. [PMID: 24821402 PMCID: PMC4090421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the most common causes of disabilities in adults and leads to long-term motor and cognitive impairments with limited therapeutic possibilities. Treatment options have proven efficient in preclinical models of cerebral ischemia but have failed in the clinical setting. This limited translation may be due to the suitability of models used and outcomes measured as most studies have focused on the early period after injury with gross motor scales, which have limited correlation to the clinical situation. The aim of this study was to determine long-term functional outcomes after cerebral ischemia in rats, focusing on fine motor function, social and depressive behavior as clinically relevant measures. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of an anti-inflammatory treatment (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra)) on functional recovery and compensation. Infarct volume was correlated with long-term (25 days) impairments in fine motor skills, but not with emotional components of behavior. Motor impairments could not be detected using conventional neurological tests and only detailed analysis allowed differentiation between recovery and compensation. Acute systemic administration of IL-1Ra (at reperfusion) led to a faster and more complete recovery, but delayed (24h) IL-1Ra treatment had no effect. In summary functional assessment after brain injury requires detailed motor tests in order to address long-term impairments and compensation processes that are mediated by intact tissues. Functional deficits in skilled movement after brain injury represent ideal predictors of long-term outcomes and should become standard measures in the assessment of preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Girard
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Katie N Murray
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nancy J Rothwell
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Stuart M Allan
- Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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