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Lima-Rodríguez JS, de Medina-Moragas AJ, Fernández-Fernández MJ, Lima-Serrano M. Factors Associated with Quality of Life in Relatives of Adults with Serious Mental Illness: A Systematic Review. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1361-1380. [PMID: 35142958 PMCID: PMC9392687 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-022-00948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Caring for a family member with a serious mental illness often has an impact on the quality of life (QoL) of caregivers. This could have negative repercussions on their caring skills and thus affect the care provided to that individual. The aim of this paper is to identify current evidence on QoL factors affecting relatives of individuals suffering from serious mental illness. A systematic review related to the research question was conducted in six databases by two independent reviewers. The QoL factors of relatives include sociodemographic, contextual, psychological, physical, and patient factors. The findings are consistent with the results of previous research. Mental health professionals may support a family with a member diagnosed with a serious mental illness by enhancing their education about QoL factors, which would trigger and promote protective factors so that family members could assess and act on them on an ongoing basis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Lima-Serrano
- Department of Nursing. Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
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2
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Ibrahim N, Ong HC, Wahab S, Che Din N, Ahmad M, Amit N, Siau CS, Mohamad MS. Perceived burden, psychological distress, and quality of life among family caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jmcd.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Norhayati Ibrahim
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Institute of Islam Hadhari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia
| | - Hui Chien Ong
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Faculty of Medicine Department of Psychiatry Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Normah Che Din
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Healthy Ageing and Wellness Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mahadir Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Community Health Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Noh Amit
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Community Health Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Ching Sin Siau
- Faculty of Health Sciences Centre for Community Health Studies Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities School of Psychology and Human Development Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia
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3
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Mortality, Morbidity and Health-Related Outcomes in Informal Caregivers Compared to Non-Caregivers: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19105864. [PMID: 35627399 PMCID: PMC9141545 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19105864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A systematic overview of mental and physical disorders of informal caregivers based on population-based studies with good methodological quality is lacking. Therefore, our aim was to systematically summarize mortality, incidence, and prevalence estimates of chronic diseases in informal caregivers compared to non-caregivers. Following PRISMA recommendations, we searched major healthcare databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE and Web of Science) systematically for relevant studies published in the last 10 years (without language restrictions) (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020200314). We included only observational cross-sectional and cohort studies with low risk of bias (risk scores 0–2 out of max 8) that reported the prevalence, incidence, odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR), mean- or sum-scores for health-related outcomes in informal caregivers and non-caregivers. For a thorough methodological quality assessment, we used a validated checklist. The synthesis of the results was conducted by grouping outcomes. We included 22 studies, which came predominately from the USA and Europe. Informal caregivers had a significantly lower mortality than non-caregivers. Regarding chronic morbidity outcomes, the results from a large longitudinal German health-insurance evaluation showed increased and statistically significant incidences of severe stress, adjustment disorders, depression, diseases of the spine and pain conditions among informal caregivers compared to non-caregivers. In cross-sectional evaluations, informal caregiving seemed to be associated with a higher occurrence of depression and of anxiety (ranging from 4 to 51% and 2 to 38%, respectively), pain, hypertension, diabetes and reduced quality of life. Results from our systematic review suggest that informal caregiving may be associated with several mental and physical disorders. However, these results need to be interpreted with caution, as the cross-sectional studies cannot determine temporal relationships. The lower mortality rates compared to non-caregivers may be due to a healthy-carer bias in longitudinal observational studies; however, these and other potential benefits of informal caregiving deserve further attention by researchers.
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Wang F, Marsack-Topolewski CN, DiZazzo-Miller R, Samuel PS. Health of aging families: Comparing compound and noncompound caregivers. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL SOCIAL WORK 2022; 65:290-304. [PMID: 34402756 DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2021.1963024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Providing care to a family member with disabilities takes a toll on the health of the caregiver and the family. Among aging caregivers, compound caregiving (i.e., caring for two or more family members) has become an increasingly common scenario. However, few research studies have focused on compound caregivers. Extant literature describes individual-level outcomes, with sparse knowledge on family-level outcomes. The family quality of life framework was used in this study to examine differences in the individual and family health of aging compound and noncompound caregivers. Web-based cross-sectional data collected from 112 aging caregivers (age 50 and older) were analyzed using chi-square and independent sample t-tests to examine differences between caregivers. Compound caregivers had poorer perceptions of personal health than noncompound caregivers. In terms of family health, although all caregivers shared similar perceptions on the importance, opportunities, initiative, and stability, compound caregivers had lower attainment and satisfaction than noncompound caregivers. Multivariate regression analyses indicated that compound caregiving was associated with poorer family health. Personal health was positively associated with family health. Study findings have practice implications for identifying caregivers' multiple responsibilities. It is necessary to develop individual and family level programs focused on health promotion and caregiver training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States
| | - Christina N Marsack-Topolewski
- Associate Professor College of Health and Human Services, Eastern Michigan University, School of Social Work, MI-Developmental Disabilities Institute Affiliated Research Associate, United States
| | - Rosanne DiZazzo-Miller
- Associate Professor Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
| | - Preethy S Samuel
- Associate Professor Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, United States
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Caqueo-Urízar A, Urzúa A, Mena-Chamorro P, Boucekine M, Richieri R, Auquier P, Fernandes S, Fond G, Boyer L. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Quality of Life Questionnaire for Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia (S-CGQoL) in Latin America. Encephale 2021; 47:291-298. [PMID: 33551123 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Schizophrenia Caregiver's Quality of Life Questionnaire (S-CGQoL) for use in the Hispanic-American population from the caregiver's perspective. METHODS A cross-sectional instrumental model was used, with a sample of 253 caregivers of patients suffering of Schizophrenia in Bolivia, Peru and Chile. The psychometric properties of the S-CGQoL were tested through construct validity, reliability and some aspects of external validity. In addition, in order to assess the nature of the different items across the three countries, a Differential Performance Analysis (DPA) was conducted. RESULTS A confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale structure was well correlated to the initial structure of the QoL-MDS. The results confirmed the existence of adequate reliability indicators (α>.70 and ω>.80) and the absence of FIDs supporting the invariance of item calibrations among the three Latin American countries. CONCLUSIONS The adaptation and validation of the S-CGQoL questionnaire demonstrate adequate psychometric properties to assess the quality of life of caregivers in samples of middle-income countries in Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Caqueo-Urízar
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
| | - A Urzúa
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile
| | - P Mena-Chamorro
- Escuela de Psicología y Filosofía, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - M Boucekine
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - R Richieri
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, École Centrale Marseille, UMR, 7249, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - P Auquier
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - S Fernandes
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - G Fond
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - L Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, EA 3279-Public Health, Chronic Diseases and Quality of Life - Research Unit, 13005 Marseille, France
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Relationship Between Caregivers’ Burden of Schizophrenia Patient with Their Quality of Life in Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40737-019-00144-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Ribé JM, Salamero M, Pérez-Testor C, Mercadal J, Aguilera C, Cleris M. Quality of life in family caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Spain: caregiver characteristics, caregiving burden, family functioning, and social and professional support. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2018; 22:25-33. [PMID: 28799427 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2017.1360500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Caregivers experience physical and mental stress that ends up lowering their quality of life (QoL). Our goal was to research (a) the level of caregivers QoL; (b) the relationships between the demographic characteristics of the caregivers, their caregiving burden, their family functioning, their social and professional support and their QoL and (c) the best predictors of caregivers QoL. METHODS 100 key caregivers (70% parents, 8% spouses, 17% siblings and 5% children) were studied using the world health organization quality of life-Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) to research their QoL, the Zarit Scale to assess their perception of their caregiving burden, the Social Network Questionnaire to examine their social support, the Family APGAR to assess the satisfaction with social support from the family and a professional support scale (Escala de Apoyo Profesional) to determine the professional support received by caregivers was performed. RESULTS Scores on the WHOQOL-BREF in the Physical, Psychological, Social and Environment domains were 15.0 (SD = 3.7), 13.3 (SD = 4.2), 11.0 (SD = 4.7) and 13.5 (SD = 3.1), respectively. Through bivariate analysis, the dimensions that showed a positive significant association with QoL were being a young male caregiver who was a working father with a high educational level and help from other family members. Caregivers of patients who were older and had a later onset of the illness, a lower score on the Zarit Scale and a high score on the Social Network Questionnaire, Family APGAR and Escala de Apoyo Profesional showed higher QoL. Many of these variables made a unique contribution in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant association between the caregiver's burden and their QoL. Regression analysis showed that the best predictors of QoL were caregiving burden, social support and professional support.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Ribé
- a Institut Universitari Salut Mental Vidal i Barraquer, Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona , Spain.,b Centre de Salut Mental d'Adults Sant Andreu , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Manel Salamero
- a Institut Universitari Salut Mental Vidal i Barraquer, Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carles Pérez-Testor
- a Institut Universitari Salut Mental Vidal i Barraquer, Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Josep Mercadal
- a Institut Universitari Salut Mental Vidal i Barraquer, Universitat Ramon Llull , Barcelona , Spain
| | | | - Margarida Cleris
- b Centre de Salut Mental d'Adults Sant Andreu , Barcelona , Spain
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8
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Hsiao CY, Lee CT, Lu HL, Tsai YF. Living with schizophrenia: Health-related quality of life among primary family caregivers. J Clin Nurs 2017; 26:5151-5159. [PMID: 28881102 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine influencing factors of health-related quality of life in primary family caregivers of people with schizophrenia receiving inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation services. BACKGROUND Families, particularly primary family caregivers, have become more important than ever in mental health care. Yet, research on health-related quality of life among primarily family caregivers is limited. DESIGN A correlational study design was used. METHODS A convenience sample of 122 primary family caregivers participated in the study. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlation, t test, one-way analysis of variance and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis. RESULTS Primary family caregivers who were parents, older, less educated, and had a lower monthly household income, increased affiliate stigma and decreased quality of family-centred care experienced poor health-related quality of life. Particularly, monthly household income, affiliate stigma and quality of family-centred care appeared to be the most critical determinants of health-related quality of life. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to enhance satisfaction of life should focus on reducing affiliate stigma as well as increasing monthly household income and strengthening the quality of family-centred care. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Findings may assist in the development of culturally integrated rehabilitation programmes to decrease affiliate stigma and increase family engagement as a means of promoting quality of life for primary family caregivers living with people who have schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Yueh Hsiao
- Department of Nursing, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Te Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huei-Lan Lu
- Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Rende, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yun-Fang Tsai
- School of Nursing, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Keelung, Keelung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Psychological status and quality of life among primary caregivers of individuals with mental illness: a hospital based study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2017; 15:106. [PMID: 28526049 PMCID: PMC5438522 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-017-0676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the psychological status and quality of life among primary caregivers of individuals suffering from various mental illnesses including early psychosis, chronic schizophrenia, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and dementia. Methods A total of 350 primary caregivers with relatives seeking treatment at a tertiary psychiatric hospital were recruited for this study. Socio-demographic data was obtained and the brief version of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life instrument was used to assess caregiver’s quality of life (QOL). Psychological status among primary caregivers was assessed using the General Anxiety Disorder - 7 item (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 item (PHQ-9) scales. Family Interview Schedule (FIS) was used to assess the impact of caregiving relating to social problems, interpersonal strain among family members, work related problems and financial difficulties as a result of their relative’s illness. The socio-demographic and clinical correlates of QOL, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were examined using multiple linear and logistic regression analyses. Associations between QOL domains and psychological status was examined using multiple linear regression analyses. Results The mean age of the primary caregivers was 49.7 years (SD = 13.2), ranging from 21 to 82 years, with a preponderance of females (67.6%), aged 50–64 years old (45.7%). Majority were of Chinese ethnicity (57.5%), had secondary level education (43.1%), were married (65.2%), and employed (64.9%). 18.3% of primary caregivers had symptoms of depression (based on PHQ-9 cut-off point of 10 or greater) while 12.7% had symptoms of anxiety (based on GAD-7 cut-off point of 10 or greater). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses revealed that primary caregivers aged between 35-49 years and 50–64 years, unemployed, living with others, providing care to those diagnosed with dementia and who had higher FIS scores were significantly more likely to report symptoms of depression whilst those who cared for their son/daughter were less likely to be associated with symptoms of depression. Primary caregivers who had lower education, were living with others, were single or divorced/separated, were unemployed and with higher FIS scores were associated with lower QOL domain scores. Those with symptoms of depression were significantly associated with low QOL across all four domains, whilst those with symptoms of anxiety were significantly associated with low QOL in the social relationships domain. Conclusion Psychological status of caregivers in the current study was associated with the various domains of QOL. In particular, caregivers’ symptoms of depression were significantly associated with lower QOL across all four domains of QOL whereas symptoms of anxiety were associated with lower scores in the social relationships domain. The study suggests a need to provide caregivers with social support and psycho-education to improve the QOL as well as aid in developing healthy coping strategies.
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Ong HC, Ibrahim N, Wahab S. Psychological distress, perceived stigma, and coping among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2016; 9:211-8. [PMID: 27574475 PMCID: PMC4993414 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, family members are gradually taking on the role of full-time caregivers for patients suffering from schizophrenia. The increasing burden and tasks of caretaking can cause them psychological distress such as depression or anxiety. The aim of this study was to measure the correlation between perceived stigma and coping, and psychological distress as well as determine the predictors of psychological distress among the caregivers. Results showed that 31.5% of the caregivers experienced psychological distress. “Community rejection” was found to be positively associated with psychological distress. In case of coping subscales, psychological distress had a positive correlation with substance use, use of emotional support, behavioral disengagement, venting, and self-blame, while it was negatively correlated with “positive reframing”. Behavioral disengagement was the best predictor of psychological distress among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia, followed by positive reframing, use of emotional support, self-blame, and venting. Health practitioners can use adaptive coping strategies instead of maladaptive for caregivers to help ease their distress and prevent further deterioration of psychological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Health Psychology Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
| | - Suzaily Wahab
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Beebe LH, Schuman DW. Understanding the perspectives of family members on telephone intervention for individuals with schizophrenia: results of a focus group. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2015; 53:32-8. [PMID: 25751827 DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20150214-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The current study explored the perspectives of family members of individuals with schizophrenia to identify family needs. Six family members from the National Alliance on Mental Illness participated in a 90-minute focus group to share their perspectives on treatment needs and delivery options and to provide suggestions on needs that might be met using telephone-based treatment. Traditional atheoretical content analysis was performed. Five major themes emerged from the data: (a) isolation, (b) negative emotions, (c) recognition of illness, (d) communication with providers, and (e) problem solving. Findings indicate that families perceive needs that could potentially be met using telephone-based treatments. More research is needed to determine family responses to telephone-based treatment initiatives.
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12
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Olawale KO, Mosaku KS, Fatoye 'FO, Mapayi BM, Oginni OA. Caregiver burden in families of patients with depression attending Obafemi Awolowo University teaching hospitals complex Ile-Ife Nigeria. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2014; 36:743-7. [PMID: 25217492 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess caregiver burden among relatives of patients on treatment for depressive disorder attending the psychiatry outpatient clinic of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile Ife, Nigeria. METHODS A cross sectional design was used. Hundred caregivers of patients with ICD-10 diagnosis of depression, on outpatient treatment for at least six months were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient clinic. Caregivers completed a semi-structured socio-demographic questionnaire, the Zarit Burden Interview and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) 12. Descriptive statistics were used to describe socio-demographic variables; association between dependent and independent variables were assessed using Pearson's correlation, chi squared and t test as appropriate. RESULTS The mean ZBI score was 41.32 (S.D. = 9.82), 45% of respondents reported moderate to severe burden, spouses constituted 57% of caregivers. Age at onset of depression (t = 2.46, P = .02) number of hospitalization,(χ(2) = 9.82, P = 0.001), and current active symptoms (χ(2) = 36.1, P = .001) were all significantly associated with burden score. Severity of symptoms (r = 0.48, P < .01) and age at onset of illness (r = -0.26, P < .01) both correlated significantly with burden scores, while GHQ score among caregivers also correlated significantly with burden scores (r = 0.52, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Caregivers of depressed patients experience moderate to severe burden. Caring for the depressed need to change from a patient focused approach to a combined patient and caregiver approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kolawole Samuel Mosaku
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - 'Femi Olusegun Fatoye
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Boladale Moyosore Mapayi
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University/Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - Olakunle Ayokunmi Oginni
- Department of Mental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
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Testart J, Richieri R, Caqueo-Urízar A, Lancon C, Auquier P, Boyer L. Quality of life and other outcome measures in caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 13:641-9. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2013.838022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Testart
- Aix-Marseille Université, EA 3279 Research Unit,
13284, Marseille, France
| | - Raphaelle Richieri
- Aix-Marseille Université, EA 3279 Research Unit,
13284, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Lancon
- Aix-Marseille Université, EA 3279 Research Unit,
13284, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille Université, EA 3279 Research Unit,
13284, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille Université, EA 3279 Research Unit,
13284, Marseille, France
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14
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Boyer L, Caqueo-Urízar A, Richieri R, Lancon C, Gutiérrez-Maldonado J, Auquier P. Quality of life among caregivers of patients with schizophrenia: a cross-cultural comparison of Chilean and French families. BMC FAMILY PRACTICE 2012; 13:42. [PMID: 22640267 PMCID: PMC3464874 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2296-13-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, no study has examined quality of life (QoL) among caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia between a developing and a developed country. The aim of this study was to assess QoL of the caregivers of individuals with schizophrenia in two countries characterized by different social, economic and cultural conditions, namely Chile and France. METHODS Data were collected from public mental health outpatient services in Arica (Chile), and in Marseille (France). QoL was measured with the short-form health survey scale - 36 items (SF36). QoL of 41 Chilean caregivers was firstly compared with 245 French caregivers. Univariate and multivariate analyses using linear regression were then performed to determine variables potentially related to QoL scores. RESULTS The caregivers were primarily mothers in the two groups, but Chilean caregivers were younger, and lived more frequently with the individual with schizophrenia than French caregivers. The SF36 scores were globally low in the two groups, especially on the mental QoL scores. Chilean caregivers reported lower physical SF36 scores than French caregivers. In the multivariate analysis, being mother and Chilean caregivers were the most regular features associating to a lower QoL. CONCLUSION Despite differences between Chile and France, especially in terms of quality and quantity of mental health services and economic supports, caregivers' QoL levels remain particularly low for both countries. Future support programmes should address the specific needs of caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Boyer
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Alejandra Caqueo-Urízar
- Departamento de Filosofía y Psicología, Universidad de Tarapacá, 18 de Septiembre # 2222, Arica, Chile
| | - Raphaelle Richieri
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - Christophe Lancon
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13284, France
| | - José Gutiérrez-Maldonado
- Departamento de Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Universidad de Barcelona, Paseo Valle de Hebrón, Barcelona, 08035, Spain
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Aix-Marseille University, EA 3279 Research Unit, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, Marseille, 13284, France
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