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Alves PKN, Schauer A, Augstein A, Prieto Jarabo ME, Männel A, Barthel P, Vahle B, Moriscot AS, Linke A, Adams V. Leucine Supplementation Prevents the Development of Skeletal Muscle Dysfunction in a Rat Model of HFpEF. Cells 2024; 13:502. [PMID: 38534346 PMCID: PMC10969777 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is associated with exercise intolerance due to alterations in the skeletal muscle (SKM). Leucine supplementation is known to alter the anabolic/catabolic balance and to improve mitochondrial function. Thus, we investigated the effect of leucine supplementation in both a primary and a secondary prevention approach on SKM function and factors modulating muscle function in an established HFpEF rat model. Female ZSF1 obese rats were randomized to an untreated, a primary prevention, and a secondary prevention group. For primary prevention, leucine supplementation was started before the onset of HFpEF (8 weeks of age) and for secondary prevention, leucine supplementation was started after the onset of HFpEF (20 weeks of age). SKM function was assessed at an age of 32 weeks, and SKM tissue was collected for the assessment of mitochondrial function and histological and molecular analyses. Leucine supplementation prevented the development of SKM dysfunction whereas it could not reverse it. In the primary prevention group, mitochondrial function improved and higher expressions of mitofilin, Mfn-2, Fis1, and miCK were evident in SKM. The expression of UCP3 was reduced whereas the mitochondrial content and markers for catabolism (MuRF1, MAFBx), muscle cross-sectional area, and SKM mass did not change. Our data show that leucine supplementation prevented the development of skeletal muscle dysfunction in a rat model of HFpEF, which may be mediated by improving mitochondrial function through modulating energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ketilly Nascimento Alves
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Antje Schauer
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Antje Augstein
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Maria-Elisa Prieto Jarabo
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Anita Männel
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Peggy Barthel
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Beatrice Vahle
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Anselmo S. Moriscot
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05508000, Brazil;
| | - Axel Linke
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
| | - Volker Adams
- Heart Center Dresden, Laboratory of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (P.K.N.A.); (A.S.); (A.A.); (M.-E.P.J.); (A.M.); (B.V.); (A.L.)
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Chaudhary R, Suhan T, Tarhuni MW, Abdel-Latif A. Lysophosphatidic Acid-Mediated Inflammation at the Heart of Heart Failure. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:113-120. [PMID: 38340272 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary aim of this review is to provide an in-depth examination of the role bioactive lipids-namely lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and ceramides-play in inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling during heart failure. With the global prevalence of heart failure on the rise, it is critical to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to its pathogenesis. Traditional studies have emphasized factors such as oxidative stress and neurohormonal activation, but emerging research has shed light on bioactive lipids as central mediators in heart failure pathology. By elucidating these intricacies, this review aims to: Bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice by highlighting clinically relevant pathways contributing to the pathogenesis and prognosis of heart failure. Provide a foundation for the development of targeted therapies that could mitigate the effects of LPA and ceramides on heart failure. Serve as a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers interested in the molecular biology of heart failure, aiding in better diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have shed light on the central role of bioactive lipids, specifically lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and ceramides, in heart failure pathology. Traditional studies have emphasized factors such as hypoxia-mediated cardiomyocyte loss and neurohormonal activation in the development of heart failure. Emerging research has elucidated the intricacies of bioactive lipid-mediated inflammation in cardiac remodeling and the development of heart failure. Studies have shown that LPA and ceramides contribute to the pathogenesis of heart failure by promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and apoptosis in cardiac cells. Additionally, recent studies have identified potential targeted therapies that could mitigate the effects of bioactive lipids on heart failure, including LPA receptor antagonists and ceramide synthase inhibitors. These recent findings provide a promising avenue for the development of targeted therapies that could improve the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. In this review, we highlight the pivotal role of inflammation induced by bioactive lipid signaling and its influence on the pathogenesis of heart failure. By critically assessing the existing literature, we provide a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers interested in the molecular mechanisms of heart failure. Our review aims to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice by providing actionable insights and a foundation for the development of targeted therapies that could mitigate the effects of bioactive lipids on heart failure. We hope that this review will aid in better diagnostic and therapeutic decisions, further advancing our collective understanding and management of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Chaudhary
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Tahra Suhan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Mahmud W Tarhuni
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
- Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, 2215 Fuller Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
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Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Caiati C, Jirillo E. Pathogenesis of the Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction: The Immune System Keeps Playing at the Backstage. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2024; 24:173-177. [PMID: 37694788 DOI: 10.2174/1871530323666230911141418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caiati
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Varricchi G, Poto R, Ferrara AL, Gambino G, Marone G, Rengo G, Loffredo S, Bencivenga L. Angiopoietins, vascular endothelial growth factors and secretory phospholipase A 2 in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 106:111-119. [PMID: 36280524 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a growing public health burden, with high prevalence and mortality rates. A proportion of patients with HF have a normal ventricular ejection fraction (EF), referred to as HF with preserved EF (HFpEF), as opposed to patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HFpEF currently accounts for about 50% of all HF patients, and its prevalence is rising. Angiopoietins (ANGPTs), vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and secretory phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) are proinflammatory mediators and key regulators of endothelial cells. METHODS The aim of this study was to analyze the plasma concentrations of angiogenic (ANGPT1, ANGPT2, VEGF-A) and lymphangiogenic (VEGF-C, VEGF-D) factors and the plasma activity of sPLA2 in patients with HFpEF and HFrEF compared to healthy controls. RESULTS The concentration of ANGPT1 was reduced in HFrEF compared to HFpEF patients and healthy controls. ANGPT2 levels were increased in both HFrEF and HFpEF subjects compared to controls. The ANGPT2/ANGPT1 ratio was increased in HFrEF patients compared to controls. The concentrations of both VEGF-A and VEGF-C did not differ among the three groups examined. VEGF-D was increased in both HFrEF and HFpEF patients compared to controls. Plasma activity of sPLA2 was increased in HFrEF but not in HFpEF patients compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that three different classes of proinflammatory regulators of vascular permeability and smoldering inflammation are selectively altered in HFrEF or HFpEF patients. Studies involving larger cohorts of these patients will be necessary to demonstrate the clinical implications of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy; Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anne Lise Ferrara
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Gambino
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Rengo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri SpA Società Benefit, 82037, Telese, (BN), Italy
| | - Stefania Loffredo
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence, 80131, Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore" (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy; Gèrontopole de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, 31000, Toulouse, France
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Li C, Qin D, Hu J, Yang Y, Hu D, Yu B. Inflamed adipose tissue: A culprit underlying obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:947147. [PMID: 36483560 PMCID: PMC9723346 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.947147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is increasing in patients with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and in the aging population. However, there is a lack of adequate clinical treatment. Patients with obesity-related heart failure with preserved ejection fraction display unique pathophysiological and phenotypic characteristics, suggesting that obesity could be one of its specific phenotypes. There has been an increasing recognition that overnutrition in obesity causes adipose tissue expansion and local and systemic inflammation, which consequently exacerbates cardiac remodeling and leads to the development of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Furthermore, overnutrition leads to cellular metabolic reprogramming and activates inflammatory signaling cascades in various cardiac cells, thereby promoting maladaptive cardiac remodeling. Growing evidence indicates that the innate immune response pathway from the NLRP3 inflammasome, to interleukin-1 to interleukin-6, is involved in the generation of obesity-related systemic inflammation and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. This review established the existence of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction based on structural and functional changes, elaborated the inflammation mechanisms of obese heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, proposed that NLRP3 inflammasome activation may play an important role in adiposity-induced inflammation, and summarized the potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Donglu Qin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiarui Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Die Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Bilian Yu,
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Chen L, Yu D, Ling S, Xu JW. Mechanism of tonifying-kidney Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:988360. [PMID: 36172573 PMCID: PMC9510640 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.988360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), chronic heart failure has the basic pathological characteristics of “heart-kidney yang deficiency.” Chronic heart failure with heart- and kidney-Yang deficiency has good overlap with New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes III and IV. Traditional Chinese medicine classical prescriptions for the treatment of chronic heart failure often take “warming and tonifying kidney-Yang” as the core, supplemented by herbal compositions with functions of “promoting blood circulation and dispersing blood stasis.” Nowadays, there are still many classical and folk prescriptions for chronic heart failure treatment, such as Zhenwu decoction, Bushen Huoxue decoction, Shenfu decoction, Sini decoction, as well as Qili Qiangxin capsule. This review focuses on classical formulations and their active constituents that play a key role in preventing chronic heart failure by suppressing inflammation and modulating immune and neurohumoral factors. In addition, given that mitochondrial metabolic reprogramming has intimate relation with inflammation, cardiac hypertrophy, and fibrosis, the regulatory role of classical prescriptions and their active components in metabolic reprogramming, including glycolysis and lipid β-oxidation, is also presented. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, the classical TCM prescriptions still have good clinical effects in treating chronic heart failure. This review will provide a modern pharmacological explanation for its mechanism and offer evidence for clinical medication by combining TCM syndrome differentiation with chronic heart failure clinical stages.
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Stevens TW, Khalaf FK, Soehnlen S, Hegde P, Storm K, Meenakshisundaram C, Dworkin LD, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ, Dube P. Dirty Jobs: Macrophages at the Heart of Cardiovascular Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1579. [PMID: 35884884 PMCID: PMC9312498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the greatest public health concerns and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States and worldwide. CVD is a broad yet complex term referring to numerous heart and vascular conditions, all with varying pathologies. Macrophages are one of the key factors in the development of these conditions. Macrophages play diverse roles in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and an imbalance of these mechanisms contributes to the development of CVD. In the current review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the diversity of macrophages, their roles in maintaining tissue homeostasis within the heart and vasculature, and the mechanisms through which imbalances in homeostasis may lead to CVD. Through this review, we aim to highlight the potential importance of macrophages in the identification of preventative, diagnostic, and therapeutic strategies for patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis W. Stevens
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Fatimah K. Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Sophia Soehnlen
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Prajwal Hegde
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Kyle Storm
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Chandramohan Meenakshisundaram
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Lance D. Dworkin
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Steven T. Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - David J. Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA; (T.W.S.); (F.K.K.); (S.S.); (P.H.); (K.S.); (C.M.); (L.D.D.); (D.M.); (S.T.H.)
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Kuna J, Żuber Z, Chmielewski G, Gromadziński L, Krajewska-Włodarczyk M. Role of Distinct Macrophage Populations in the Development of Heart Failure in Macrophage Activation Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2433. [PMID: 35269577 PMCID: PMC8910409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is one of the few entities in rheumatology with the potential to quickly cause multiple organ failure and loss of life, and as such, requires urgent clinical intervention. It has a broad symptomatology, depending on the organs it affects. One especially dangerous aspect of MAS's course of illness is myocarditis leading to acute heart failure and possibly death. Research in recent years has proved that macrophages settled in different organs are not a homogenous group, with particular populations differing in both structure and function. Within the heart, we can determine two major groups, based on the presence of the C-C 2 chemokine receptor (CCR2): CCR2+ and CCR2-. There are a number of studies describing their function and the changes in the population makeup between normal conditions and different illnesses; however, to our knowledge, there has not been one touching on the matter of changes occurring in the populations of heart macrophages during MAS and their possible consequences. This review summarizes the most recent knowledge on heart macrophages, the influence of select cytokines (those particularly significant in the development of MAS) on their activity, and both the immediate and long-term consequences of changes in the makeup of specific macrophage populations-especially the loss of CCR2- cells that are responsible for regenerative processes, as well as the substitution of tissue macrophages by the highly proinflammatory CCR2+ macrophages originating from circulating monocytes. Understanding the significance of these processes may lead to new discoveries that could improve the therapeutic methods in the treatment of MAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Kuna
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Zbigniew Żuber
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Kraków University, 30-705 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Grzegorz Chmielewski
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Leszek Gromadziński
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Krajewska-Włodarczyk
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-900 Olsztyn, Poland;
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Abstract
Macrophages are essential components of the immune system and play a role in the normal functioning of the cardiovascular system. Depending on their origin and phenotype, cardiac macrophages perform various functions. In a steady-state, these cells play a beneficial role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis by defending the body from pathogens and eliminating apoptotic cells, participating in electrical conduction, vessel patrolling, and arterial tone regulation. However, macrophages also take part in adverse cardiac remodeling that could lead to the development and progression of heart failure (HF) in such HF comorbidities as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, studies on detailed mechanisms of cardiac macrophage function are still in progress, and could enable potential therapeutic applications of these cells. This review aims to present the latest reports on the origin, heterogeneity, and functions of cardiac macrophages in the healthy heart and in cardiovascular diseases leading to HF. The potential therapeutic use of macrophages is also briefly discussed.
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