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Krüger-Genge A, Köhler S, Laube M, Haileka V, Lemm S, Majchrzak K, Kammerer S, Schulz C, Storsberg J, Pietzsch J, Küpper JH, Jung F. Anti-Cancer Prodrug Cyclophosphamide Exerts Thrombogenic Effects on Human Venous Endothelial Cells Independent of CYP450 Activation-Relevance to Thrombosis. Cells 2023; 12:1965. [PMID: 37566045 PMCID: PMC10416884 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer patients are at a very high risk of serious thrombotic events, often fatal. The causes discussed include the detachment of thrombogenic particles from tumor cells or the adverse effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Cytostatic agents can either act directly on their targets or, in the case of a prodrug approach, require metabolization for their action. Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a widely used cytostatic drug that requires prodrug activation by cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP) in the liver. We hypothesize that CPA could induce thrombosis in one of the following ways: (1) damage to endothelial cells (EC) after intra-endothelial metabolization; or (2) direct damage to EC without prior metabolization. In order to investigate this hypothesis, endothelial cells (HUVEC) were treated with CPA in clinically relevant concentrations for up to 8 days. HUVECs were chosen as a model representing the first place of action after intravenous CPA administration. No expression of CYP2B6, CYP3A4, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 was found in HUVEC, but a weak expression of CYP2C18 was observed. CPA treatment of HUVEC induced DNA damage and a reduced formation of an EC monolayer and caused an increased release of prostacyclin (PGI2) and thromboxane (TXA) associated with a shift of the PGI2/TXA balance to a prothrombotic state. In an in vivo scenario, such processes would promote the risk of thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Krüger-Genge
- Department of Healthcare, Biomaterials and Cosmeceuticals, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Susanne Köhler
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Vanessa Haileka
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sandy Lemm
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Karolina Majchrzak
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Sarah Kammerer
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schulz
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
- Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn of the Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Joachim Storsberg
- Department of Healthcare, Biomaterials and Cosmeceuticals, Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research (IAP), 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Private University in the Principality of Liechtenstein (UFL), 9495 Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, School of Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Molecular Cell Biology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, 01968 Senftenberg, Germany
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Bellien J, Iacob M, Remy-Jouet I, Lucas D, Monteil C, Gutierrez L, Vendeville C, Dreano Y, Mercier A, Thuillez C, Joannides R. Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids Contribute With Altered Nitric Oxide and Endothelin-1 Pathways to Conduit Artery Endothelial Dysfunction in Essential Hypertension. Circulation 2012; 125:1266-75. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.070680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
We sought to clarify, using functional and biological approaches, the role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species balance, and endothelin-1 in conduit artery endothelial dysfunction during essential hypertension.
Methods and Results—
Radial artery diameter and mean wall shear stress were determined in 28 untreated patients with essential hypertension and 30 normotensive control subjects during endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation induced by hand skin heating. The role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and NO was assessed with the brachial infusion of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 epoxygenases (fluconazole) and NO synthase (
N
G
-monomethyl-
l
-arginine [L-NMMA]). Compared with controls, hypertensive patients exhibited a decreased flow-mediated dilatation in response to postischemic hyperemia as well as to heating, as shown by the lesser slope of their diameter–shear stress relationship. In controls, heating-induced flow-mediated dilatation was reduced by fluconazole, L-NMMA, and, to a larger extent, by L-NMMA+fluconazole. In patients, flow-mediated dilatation was not affected by fluconazole and was reduced by L-NMMA and L-NMMA+fluconazole to a lesser extent than in controls. Furthermore, local plasma epoxyeicosatrienoic acids increased during heating in controls (an effect diminished by fluconazole) but not in patients. Plasma nitrite, an indicator of NO availability, increased during heating in controls (an effect abolished by L-NMMA) and, to a lesser extent, in patients, whereas, inversely, reactive oxygen species increased more in patients (an effect diminished by L-NMMA). Plasma endothelin-1 decreased during heating in controls but not in patients.
Conclusions—
These results show that an impaired role of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids contributes, together with an alteration in NO/reactive oxygen species balance and endothelin-1 pathway, to conduit artery endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension.
Clinical Trial Registration—
https://www.eudract.ema.europa.eu
. Unique identifier: RCB2007-A001–10-53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Bellien
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Michele Iacob
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Isabelle Remy-Jouet
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Daniele Lucas
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Christelle Monteil
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Laurence Gutierrez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Cathy Vendeville
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Yvonne Dreano
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Alain Mercier
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Christian Thuillez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
| | - Robinson Joannides
- From the Department of Pharmacology, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (J.B., M.I., C.T., R.J.); Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM) U1096, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Rouen (J.B., M.I., I.R.-J., C.M., C.V., C.T., R.J.); Centre d'Investigation Clinique–INSERM 0204, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen (L.G.); Department of General Medicine, Rouen Medical School, University of Rouen, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine, Rouen (A.M.); and
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