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Jiang Y, Cai Y, Han R, Xu Y, Xia Z, Xia W. Salvianolic acids and its potential for cardio-protection against myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury in diabetes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1322474. [PMID: 38283744 PMCID: PMC10811029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1322474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of diabetes and related mortality rate increase yearly in modern cities. Additionally, elevated glucose levels can result in an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS), ferroptosis, and the disruption of protective pathways in the heart. These factors collectively heighten the vulnerability of diabetic individuals to myocardial ischemia. Reperfusion therapies have been effectively used in clinical practice. There are limitations to the current clinical methods used to treat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. As a result, reducing post-treatment ischemia/reperfusion injury remains a challenge. Therefore, efforts are underway to provide more efficient therapy. Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen) has been used for centuries in ancient China to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with rare side effects. Salvianolic acid is a water-soluble phenolic compound with potent antioxidant properties and has the greatest hydrophilic property in Danshen. It has recently been discovered that salvianolic acids A (SAA) and B (SAB) are capable of inhibiting apoptosis by targeting the JNK/Akt pathway and the NF-κB pathway, respectively. This review delves into the most recent discoveries regarding the therapeutic and cardioprotective benefits of salvianolic acid for individuals with diabetes. Salvianolic acid shows great potential in myocardial protection in diabetes mellitus. A thorough understanding of the protective mechanism of salvianolic acid could expand its potential uses in developing medicines for treating diabetes mellitus related myocardial ischemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ronghui Han
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Youhua Xu
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macao SAR, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Doctoral Training Platform for Research and Translation, BoShiWan, GuanChong Village, Shuanghe Town, ZhongXiang City, Hubei, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Doctoral Training Platform for Research and Translation, BoShiWan, GuanChong Village, Shuanghe Town, ZhongXiang City, Hubei, China
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Wang T, Hou B, Qin H, Liang J, Shi M, Song Y, Ma K, Chen M, Li H, Ding G, Yao B, Wang Z, Wei C, Jia Z. Qili Qiangxin (QLQX) capsule as a multi-functional traditional Chinese medicine in treating chronic heart failure (CHF): A review of ingredients, molecular, cellular, and pharmacological mechanisms. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21950. [PMID: 38034785 PMCID: PMC10682643 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a key part of cardiovascular continuum. Under the guidance of the theory of vessel-collateral doctrine, the present study proposes therapeutic benefits of Qili Qiangxin (QLQX) capsules, an innovative Chinese medicine, on chronic heart failure. The studies show that multiple targets of the drug on CHF, including enhancing myocardial systole, promoting urine excretion, inhibiting excessive activation of the neuroendocrine system, preventing ventricular remodeling by inhibiting inflammatory response, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis and autophagy, enhancing myocardial energy metabolism, promoting angiogenesis, and improving endothelial function. Investigation on the effects and mechanism of the drug is beneficial to the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) through multiple targets and/or signaling pathways. Meanwhile, it provides new insights to further understand other refractory diseases in the cardiovascular continuum, and it also has an important theoretical and practical significance in enhancing prevention and therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongxing Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Bin Hou
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Haoran Qin
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junqing Liang
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Min Shi
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yanfei Song
- Key Disciplines of State Administration of TCM for Luobing, Hebei Academy of Interactive Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Kun Ma
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Luobing, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Luobing, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Key Disciplines of State Administration of TCM for Luobing, Hebei Academy of Interactive Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Guoyuan Ding
- Key Disciplines of State Administration of TCM for Luobing, Hebei Academy of Interactive Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Bing Yao
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- Shijiazhuang Compound Traditional Chinese Medicine Technology Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Cong Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Luobing, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Zhenhua Jia
- National Key Laboratory of Luobing Research and Innovative Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Disciplines of State Administration of TCM for Luobing, Hebei Academy of Interactive Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
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Li N, Gu X, Liu F, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Gao S, Wang B, Zhang C. Network pharmacology-based analysis of potential mechanisms of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by total salvianolic acid injection. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1202718. [PMID: 37680709 PMCID: PMC10482107 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1202718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we investigated the potential mechanism of Total Salvianolic Acid Injection (TSI) in protecting against myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MI/RI). To achieve this, we predicted the component targets of TSI using Pharmmapper and identified the disease targets of MI/RI through GeneCards, DisGenNET, and OMIM databases. We constructed protein-protein interaction networks by analyzing the overlapping targets and performed functional enrichment analyses using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Our analysis yielded 90 targets, which were implicated in the potential therapeutic effects of TSI on MI/RI. Seven critical signaling pathways significantly contributed to TSI's protective effects, namely, PI3K signaling, JAK-STAT signaling, Calcium signaling, HIF-1 signaling, Nuclear receptor signaling, Cell Cycle, and Apoptosis. Subsequently, we conducted a comprehensive literature review of these seven key signaling pathways to gain further insights into their role in the TSI-mediated treatment of MI/RI. By establishing these connections, our study lays a solid foundation for future research endeavours to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which TSI exerts its beneficial effects on MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xufang Gu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fanqi Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shengwei Gao
- Tianjin University of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Baohe Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Chen J, Ruan Z, Lou H, Yang D, Shao R, Xu Y, Hu X, Jiang B. First-in-human study to investigate the safety and pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid A and pharmacokinetic simulation using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907208. [PMID: 36408276 PMCID: PMC9672460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is a water-soluble phenolic acid component from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge currently under development for myocardial protection treatment for coronary heart disease (CHD). We investigated the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of single and multiple ascending doses of SAA. Additionally, a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to simulate the pharmacokinetics of SAA. This was a first-in-human (FIH), randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single, and multiple-dose study in 116 healthy Chinese subjects with the range of 10-300 mg and 60-200 mg SAA, respectively. SAA was well tolerated at all dose levels, following both single and multiple doses, with a low overall incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) which appeared to be no dose-related. The main pharmacokinetic parameter of SAA, assessed by the power model, was the lack of proportionality with the dose range after single dosing. The 90% CIs of the slope β of Cmax (1.214 [1.150-1.278]) and AUC0-t (1.222 [1.156-1.288]) were not within the predefined acceptance range, and the direction of the deviation was higher than expected. PBPK modeling suggested the transfer ability saturation of hepatic organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) might result in a relatively low distribution rate at higher doses. Clinical plasma concentrations observed were in good agreement with PBPK prediction. SAA showed well-characterized pharmacokinetics and was generally well tolerated in the dose range investigated. The PBPK model provides valuable pharmacokinetic knowledge for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bo Jiang
- Center of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Han R, Huang H, Xia W, Liu J, Luo H, Tang J, Xia Z. Perspectives for Forkhead box transcription factors in diabetic cardiomyopathy: Their therapeutic potential and possible effects of salvianolic acids. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:951597. [PMID: 36035917 PMCID: PMC9403618 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.951597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic cardiovascular complications, which initially manifests as cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, dysfunctional remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction, followed by systolic dysfunction, and eventually end with acute heart failure. Molecular mechanisms underlying these pathological changes in diabetic hearts are complicated and multifactorial, including but not limited to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, lipotoxicity, cardiomyocytes apoptosis or autophagy, inflammatory response, and myocardial metabolic dysfunction. With the development of molecular biology technology, accumulating evidence illustrates that members of the class O of Forkhead box (FoxO) transcription factors are vital for maintaining cardiomyocyte metabolism and cell survival, and the functions of the FoxO family proteins can be modulated by a wide variety of post-translational modifications including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, arginine methylation, and O-glycosylation. In this review, we highlight and summarize the most recent advances in two members of the FoxO family (predominately FoxO1 and FoxO3a) that are abundantly expressed in cardiac tissue and whose levels of gene and protein expressions change as DCM progresses, with the goal of providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiovascular complications and discussing their therapeutic potential and possible effects of salvianolic acids, a natural product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hemeng Huang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Univerisity of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- *Correspondence: Weiyi Xia,
| | - Jingjin Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital and The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Biomedical Research Institution, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhengyuan Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Zhengyuan Xia,
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Liu JX, Zheng XY, Zhang YH, Song WT, Chang D. Research progress on the pharmacological mechanisms of chinese medicines that tonify Qi and activate blood against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_21_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Tian F, Zhang Y. Overexpression of SERCA2a Alleviates Cardiac Microvascular Ischemic Injury by Suppressing Mfn2-Mediated ER/Mitochondrial Calcium Tethering. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636553. [PMID: 33869181 PMCID: PMC8047138 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous research has shown that type-2a Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) undergoes posttranscriptional oxidative modifications in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) in the context of excessive cardiac oxidative injury. However, whether SERCA2a inactivity induces cytosolic Ca2+ imbalance in mitochondrial homeostasis is far from clear. Mitofusin2 (Mfn2) is well known as an important protein involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/mitochondrial Ca2+ tethering and the regulation of mitochondrial quality. Therefore, the aim of our study was to elucidate the specific mechanism of SERCA2a-mediated Ca2+ overload in the mitochondria via Mfn2 tethering and the survival rate of the heart under conditions of cardiac microvascular ischemic injury. In vitro, CMECs extracted from mice were subjected to 6 h of hypoxic injury to mimic ischemic heart injury. C57-WT and Mfn2KO mice were subjected to a 1 h ischemia procedure via ligation of the left anterior descending branch to establish an in vivo cardiac ischemic injury model. TTC staining, immunohistochemistry and echocardiography were used to assess the myocardial infarct size, microvascular damage, and heart function. In vitro, ischemic injury induced irreversible oxidative modification of SERCA2a, including sulfonylation at cysteine 674 and nitration at tyrosine 294/295, and inactivation of SERCA2a, which initiated calcium overload. In addition, ischemic injury-triggered [Ca2+]c overload and subsequent [Ca2+]m overload led to mPTP opening and ΔΨm dissipation compared with the control. Furthermore, ablation of Mfn2 alleviated SERCA2a-induced mitochondrial calcium overload and subsequent mito-apoptosis in the context of CMEC hypoxic injury. In vivo, compared with that in wild-type mice, the myocardial infarct size in Mfn2KO mice was significantly decreased. In addition, the findings revealed that Mfn2KO mice had better heart contractile function, decreased myocardial infarction indicators, and improved mitochondrial morphology. Taken together, the results of our study suggested that SERCA2a-dependent [Ca2+]c overload led to mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of Mfn2-mediated [Ca2+]m overload. Overexpression of SERCA2a or ablation of Mfn2 expression mitigated mitochondrial morphological and functional damage by modifying the SERCA2a/Ca2+-Mfn2 pathway. Overall, these pathways are promising therapeutic targets for acute cardiac microvascular ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang L, Jiang L, Jiang D, Liu B, Jin S. The protective effects of salvianolic acid A against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibiting expression of toll-like receptor 4 in rats. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1599-1607. [PMID: 31749890 PMCID: PMC6855152 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.87412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a serious complication of hepatectomy and liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of salvianolic acid-A (Sal-A) against IRI-induced hepatocellular injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty rats were randomly divided into the following four groups: (1) sham group, (2) IR group, (3) Sal-A(10) group and (4) Sal-A(20) group. After 90 min of ischemia and 6 h of reperfusion, serum alanine aminotransferease (ALT) and apartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured; the amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver tissue were determined; the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was detected and the severity of apoptosis, inflammation and pathological alterations were evaluated. Also apoptosis and mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) were tested. RESULTS The serum aminotransferases, hepatic MDA concentration, and apoptotic cells in the IR group were significantly higher than in the sham group (p < 0.01), whereas the Sal-A group values were lower than in the IR group (p < 0.05). Compared with the IR group, the Sal-A groups had significantly higher Bcl-2 expression and downregulated cleaved caspase-3 expression in liver tissue. Moreover, increased mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 in IR rats and Sal-A could improve the increased mRNA and protein levels of TLR4. CONCLUSIONS Sal-A had a synergistically protective effect on the liver tissue against IRI that might be due to decreased oxidative stress, inflammation, hepatocellular apoptosis and include, at least in part, the regulation of TLR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lu Jiang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongdong Jiang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baiying Liu
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Han JY, Li Q, Pan CS, Sun K, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of QiShenYiQi pills and major ingredients on myocardial microcirculatory disturbance, cardiac injury and fibrosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104386. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhang KJ, Zheng Q, Zhu PC, Tong Q, Zhuang Z, Zhu JZ, Bao XY, Huang YY, Zheng GQ, Wang Y. Traditional Chinese Medicine for Coronary Heart Disease: Clinical Evidence and Possible Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:844. [PMID: 31427964 PMCID: PMC6688122 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a major cause of mortality with a huge economic burden on healthcare worldwide. Here, we conducted a systematic review to investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) for CHD based on high-quality randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and summarized its possible mechanisms according to animal-based researches. 27 eligible studies were identified in eight database searches from inception to June 2018. The methodological quality was assessed using seven-item checklist recommended by Cochrane Collaboration. All the data were analyzed using Rev-Man 5.3 software. As a result, the score of study quality ranged from 4 to 7 points. Meta-analyses showed CHM can significantly reduce the incidence of myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention, and cardiovascular mortality (P < 0.05), and increase systolic function of heart, the ST-segment depression, and clinical efficacy (P < 0.05). Adverse events were reported in 11 studies, and CHMs were well tolerated in patients with CHD. In addition, CHM exerted cardioprotection for CHD, possibly altering multiple signal pathways through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis, improving the circulation, and regulating energy metabolism. In conclusion, the evidence available from present study revealed that CHMs are beneficial for CHD and are generally safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jian Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peng-Chong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhuang Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia-Zhen Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Bao
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yue Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zheng
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Yang Y, Zhang L, La X, Li Z, Li H, Guo S. Salvianolic acid A inhibits tumor-associated angiogenesis by blocking GRP78 secretion. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:467-480. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1585-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Zheng Y, Wang NS, Liu YN, He LQ, Jian GH, Liu XS, Ni ZH, Cheng XH, Lin HL, Zhou WH, Wang YP, Fang JA, He YN, Yang HT, Zhao LJ, Ding HL, Wang LH, Yu RH, Li WG, Ye ZM, Guo W, Zhan YL, Mao HJ, Hu Z, Yao C, Cai GY, Chen XM. Effects of Niaoduqing Particles () on Delaying Progression of Renal Dysfunction: A Post-trial, Open-Label, Follow-up Study. Chin J Integr Med 2018; 25:168-174. [PMID: 30467695 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2998-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To follow up the participants of the randomized clinical trial "Efficacy and Safety of Niaoduqing Particles () for Delaying Moderate-to-Severe Renal Dysfunction", and assess the long-term effects of Niaoduqing Particles on delaying the progression of renal dysfunction. METHODS Participants, who had previously been randomly assigned to receive Niaoduqing Particles or placebo for 24 weeks (146 cases in each group), were invited to follow-up and all were administered Niaoduqing Particles 5 g thrice daily and 10 g before bedtime for 24 weeks. The primary endpoints were changes in baseline serum creatinine (Scr) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after completion of the open-label treatment period. RESULTS After the double-blind period, the median (interquartile range) changes in Scr were 1.1 (-13.0-24.1) and 11.7 (-2.6-42.9) μmol/L for the Niaoduqing Particle and placebo groups, respectively (P=0.008), and the median changes in eGFRs were-0.2 (-4.3-2.7) and-2.21 (-5.7-0.8) mL•min-1•1.73 m-2, respectively (P=0.016). There were significant differences in the double-blind period changes in renal function between groups. After the open-label period, the median changes in Scr were 9.0 (-10.0-41.9) and 17.5 (-6.0-50.0) μmol/L for the Niaoduqing Particle and placebo groups according to baseline grouping, respectively (P=0.214), and the median changes in eGFRs were-2.3 (-6.4-1.9) and-3.7 (-7.5-1.1) mL•min-1•1.73 m-2, respectively (P=0.134). There were no statistical differences in the open-label period changes in renal function between groups. The eGFR reduction of participants who accepted Niaoduqing Particle treatment for 48 weeks was projected to 2.5 mL•min-1•1.73 m-2 per year. CONCLUSION Niaoduqing Particles appear to have long-term efficacy for patients with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction. Although there was no statistical difference, the early use of Niaoduqing Paticles seems to ameliorate the worsening of renal function. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR-TRC-12002448).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases 2011DAV00088, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Nian-Song Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yu-Ning Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li-Qun He
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200021, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jian
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710003, China
| | - Hong-Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jing-Ai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ya-Ni He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Han-Lu Ding
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Ren-Huan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Wang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Hui-Juan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases 2011DAV00088, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases 2011DAV00088, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China.
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13
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Lin R, Duan J, Mu F, Bian H, Zhao M, Zhou M, Li Y, Wen A, Yang Y, Xi M. Cardioprotective effects and underlying mechanism of Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Lignum Dalbergia odorifera in a pig chronic myocardial ischemia model. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:2628-2640. [PMID: 30226574 PMCID: PMC6192790 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicines, including Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) and Lignum Dalbergia odorifera (DO) extracts, have historically been used to treat myocardial ischemia and other cardiovascular diseases. The volatile oil of DO (DOO) is one of the main components of DO. The aim of the present study was to assess the cardioprotective effects and possible underlying mechanisms of SM-DOO in pigs with ameroid constriction-induced chronic myocardial ischemia. An ameroid constrictor was placed around the left anterior descending coronary artery of pigs to induce chronic myocardial ischemia. At weeks 2, 6 and 8, myocardial injury markers and blood gas levels were detected. At week 8, coronary angiography, echocardiography and hemodynamics analysis were performed to evaluate myocardial function. Following sacrifice, myocardial tissue was collected and subjected to morphological, histopathological and apoptosis assays. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), Bcl-2, Akt, phosphorylated (p)-Akt, glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β and p-GSK-3β. It was revealed that SM-DOO treatment following chronic myocardial ischemia significantly downregulated the expression of myocardial injury markers, ameliorated myocardial oxygen consumption, increased collateralization, reduced regional cardiac dysfunction and limited the extent of myocardial damage. Furthermore, the results of an apoptosis assay revealed that the apoptosis rate was decreased, the expression of Bax decreased and Bcl-2 increased, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax was increased. Further experiments indicated that treatment with SM-DOO increased the phosphorylation of Akt and GSK-3β. These findings suggest that SM-DOO treatment ameliorates myocardial injury in a chronic myocardial ischemia model, and that the underlying mechanisms responsible may be associated with the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β signal pathway. Thus, experimental evidence that SM-DOO may be an effective drug for the prevention and treatment of chronic myocardial ischemia in clinical applications has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Duan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Fei Mu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Haixu Bian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Meina Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, P.R. China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, P.R. China
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14
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Song Y, Liu W, Ding Y, Jia Y, Zhao J, Wang F, Bai J, Cheng L, Gao K, Liu M, Yao M, Li L, Zhang Y, Wen A, He L. Salvianolic acid A ameliorates renal ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating Akt/mTOR/4EBP1 signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F254-F262. [PMID: 29384417 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00508.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (Sal A) has been shown to prevent and treat ischemic cardiovascular, as well as cerebral vascular diseases. However, little is known about Sal A in renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In this study, a renal I/R injury model in rats and a hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model to damage proximal renal tubular cells (HK-2) were used to assess whether Sal A halts the development and progression of renal I/R injury. As compared with vehicle treatment, Sal A significantly attenuated kidney injury after renal I/R injury, accompanied by decreases in plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen levels, the number of apoptosis-positive tubular cells, and kidney oxidative stress. Sal A also activated phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt) and phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) compared with vehicle-treated I/R injury rats. In H/R-injured HK-2 cells, Sal A can reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species in a dose-related manner. Similar to the results from in vivo experiments, in vitro Sal A also increased the protein expression of phosphorylated-eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (p-4EBP1) compared with vehicle. Furthermore, the cytoprotective activity of Sal A was inhibited by LY294002 and rapamycin. These findings indicate that Sal A can ameliorate renal I/R injury and promote tubular cell survival partly via the Akt/mTOR/4EBP1pathway. Sal A could be a candidate compound to prevent ischemic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Weihai Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Jinyi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Lianghua Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Kai Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Meiyou Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Minna Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yanmin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Aidong Wen
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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15
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Zheng Y, Cai GY, He LQ, Lin HL, Cheng XH, Wang NS, Jian GH, Liu XS, Liu YN, Ni ZH, Fang JA, Ding HL, Guo W, He YN, Wang LH, Wang YP, Yang HT, Ye ZM, Yu RH, Zhao LJ, Zhou WH, Li WG, Mao HJ, Zhan YL, Hu Z, Yao C, Wei RB, Chen XM. Efficacy and Safety of Niaoduqing Particles for Delaying Moderate-to-severe Renal Dysfunction: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multicenter Clinical Study. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2402-2409. [PMID: 29052559 PMCID: PMC5684630 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.216407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction usually exhibits an irreversible course, and available treatments for delaying the progression to end-stage renal disease are limited. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the traditional Chinese medicine, Niaoduqing particles, for delaying renal dysfunction in patients with stage 3b-4 CKD. Methods: The present study was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter clinical trial. From May 2013 to December 2013, 300 CKD patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between 20 and 45 ml·min−1·1.73 m−2, aged 18–70 years were recruited from 22 hospitals in 11 Chinese provinces. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a test group, which was administered Niaoduqing particles 5 g thrice daily and 10 g before bedtime for 24 weeks, or a control group, which was administered a placebo using the same methods. The primary endpoints were changes in baseline serum creatinine (Scr) and eGFR after completion of treatment. The primary endpoints were analyzed using Student's t-test or Wilcoxon's rank-sum test. The present study reported results based on an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Results: A total of 292 participants underwent the ITT analysis. At 24 weeks, the median (interquartile range) change in Scr was 1.1 (−13.0–24.1) and 11.7 (−2.6–42.9) μmol/L for the test and control groups, respectively (Z = 2.642, P = 0.008), and the median change in eGFR was −0.2 (−4.3–2.7) and −2.2 (−5.7–0.8) ml·min−1·1.73 m−2, respectively (Z = −2.408, P = 0.016). There were no significant differences in adverse events between the groups. Conclusions: Niaoduqing particles safely and effectively delayed CKD progression in patients with stage 3b-4 CKD. This traditional Chinese medicine may be a promising alternative medication for patients with moderate-to-severe renal dysfunction. Trial Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR-TRC-12002448; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=7102.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guang-Yan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Li-Qun He
- Department of Nephrology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200021, China
| | - Hong-Li Lin
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Nian-Song Wang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jian
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Yu-Ning Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing-Ai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Han-Lu Ding
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Wang Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ya-Ni He
- Department of Nephrology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Li-Hua Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
| | - Ya-Ping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Army General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hong-Tao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510030, China
| | - Ren-Huan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Wen-Hua Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Wen-Ge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Juan Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Yong-Li Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Zhao Hu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ri-Bao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Chinese People's Liberation Army Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases (2011DAV00088), National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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16
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Mao S, Chen P, Li T, Guo L, Zhang M. Tongguan Capsule Mitigates Post-myocardial Infarction Remodeling by Promoting Autophagy and Inhibiting Apoptosis: Role of Sirt1. Front Physiol 2018; 9:589. [PMID: 29872406 PMCID: PMC5972280 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) adverse remodeling and the concomitant functional deterioration contributes to the poor prognosis of patients with myocardial infarction (MI). Thus, a more effective treatment strategy is needed. Tongguan capsule (TGC), a patented Chinese medicine, has been shown to be cardioprotective in both humans and animals following ischemic injury, although its precise mechanism remains unclear. To investigate whether TGC can improve cardiac remodeling in the post-infarct heart, adult C57/BL6 mice underwent coronary artery ligation and were administered TGC or vehicle (saline) for 6 weeks. The results demonstrated that the TGC group showed significant improvement in survival ratio and cardiac function and structure as compared to the vehicle group. Histological and western blot analyses revealed decreased cellular inflammation and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of the TGC group. Furthermore, TGC upregulated the Atg5 expression and LC3II-to-LC3I ratio but downregulated autophagy adaptor p62 expression, suggesting that TGC led to increased autophagic flux. Interestingly, with the administration of 3-methyladenine, an autophagy inhibitor, in conjunction with TGC, the aforesaid effects significantly decreased. Further mechanistic studies revealed that TGC increased silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) expression to reduce the phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and its downstream effectors P70S6K and 4EBP1. Moreover, the induction of Sirt1 by TGC was inhibited by the specific inhibitor EX527. In the presence of EX527, TGC-induced autophagy-specific proteins were downregulated, while apoptotic and inflammatory factors were upregulated. In summary, our results demonstrate that TGC improved cardiac remodeling in a murine model of MI by preventing cardiomyocyte inflammation and apoptosis but enhancing autophagy through Sirt1 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Mao
- Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Peipei Chen
- Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Li
- Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liheng Guo
- Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minzhou Zhang
- Key Discipline of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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18
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Tang XL, Yan L, Zhu L, Jiao DM, Chen J, Chen QY. Salvianolic acid A reverses cisplatin resistance in lung cancer A549 cells by targeting c-met and attenuating Akt/mTOR pathway. J Pharmacol Sci 2017; 135:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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19
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Yuan X, Xiang Y, Zhu N, Zhao X, Ye S, Zhong P, Zeng C. Salvianolic acid A protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by reducing platelet activation and inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:961-966. [PMID: 28810547 PMCID: PMC5526165 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of salvianolic acid A (SAA) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. SAA (10 mg/kg) or Tirofiban (60 µg/kg) was administered to rats by jugular vein injection 10 min before the initiation of reperfusion. After 3 h of reperfusion, platelet aggregation was measured using an aggregometer and levels of nitric oxide (NO) were detected using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Serum levels of cardiac troponin T (cTnT), creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), p-selectin, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also measured 3 and 24 h after reperfusion. Furthermore, morphology of the ischemic myocardium was histopathologically analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the infarct area was evaluated by Evans blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. In rats subjected to reperfusion, it was observed that pretreatment with SAA significantly increased the survival rate (P<0.05), and that increased survival rate was due to a significant decrease in infarct size, as evidenced by significantly reduced serum levels of cTnT and CK-MB (P<0.05). In addition, decreases in infarct size occurred through the inhibition of platelet aggregation and inflammation associated with reperfusion-induced myocardial cell damage, as indicated by reduced serum levels of p-selectin, TNF-α, IL-1β and NO. In conclusion, SAA was protective against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats by serving antiplatelet and anti-inflammation roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Yijia Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Xuyong Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Shiyong Ye
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
| | - Chunlai Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, P.R. China
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20
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Han JY, Li Q, Ma ZZ, Fan JY. Effects and mechanisms of compound Chinese medicine and major ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury induced by ischemia/reperfusion. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 177:146-173. [PMID: 28322971 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microcirculation dysfunction and organ injury after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) result from a complex pathologic process consisting of multiple links, with metabolism impairment in the ischemia phase and oxidative stress in the reperfusion phase as initiators, and any treatment targeting a single link is insufficient to cope with this. Compound Chinese medicine (CCM) has been applied in clinics in China and some Asian nations for >2000years. Studies over the past decades revealed the protective and therapeutic effect of CCMs and major ingredients on I/R-induced microcirculatory dysfunction and tissue injury in the heart, brain, liver, intestine, and so on. CCM contains diverse bioactive components with potential for energy metabolism regulation; antioxidant effect; inhibiting inflammatory cytokines release; adhesion molecule expression in leukocyte, platelet, and vascular endothelial cells; and the protection of thrombosis, albumin leakage, and mast cell degranulation. This review covers the major works with respect to the effects and underlying mechanisms of CCM and its ingredients on microcirculatory dysfunction and organ injury after I/R, providing novel ideas for dealing with this threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yan Han
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Li
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Ma
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Yu Fan
- Tasly Microcirculation Research Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Microcirculation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Key Laboratory of Stasis and Phlegm, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Beijing 100191, China; Beijing Microvascular Institute of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing, China
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Zhu S, Xu T, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Xuan H, Ma Y, Pan D, Li D, Zhu H. Luteolin Enhances Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Activity through p38 MAPK Signaling thus Improving Rat Cardiac Function after Ischemia/Reperfusion. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1159/000460837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: A major challenge for current therapeutic strategies against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is the lack of effective drugs. Considering luteolin enhances the activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) to improve the systolic/diastolic function of rat hearts and cardiomyocytes during the I/R process, we studied the regulatory function of the p38 MAPK pathway in this protective mechanism. Methods: Isolated cardiomyocytes and perfused hearts were separately divided into five groups and used to investigate I/R. The phosphorylation of p38 and phospholamban (p-PLB), the levels and activity of SERCA2a and the levels of proteins related to apoptosis were measured. Apoptotic cells were assessed using the TUNEL assay. Single-cell shortening, Ca2+ transients, and the decay of the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) were detected. Results: The p38 MAPK pathway was activated during the I/R process, and inhibiting it with SB203580 promoted p-PLB, which enhanced the activity of SERCA2a and relieved the calcium overload to promote the recovery of the Δψm and reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis in I/R. Luteolin also suppressed the activation of the p38 MAPK pathway and showed cardioprotective effects during I/R injury. Conclusions: We conclude that luteolin enhances SERCA2a activity to improve systolic/diastolic function during I/R in rat hearts and cardiomyocytes by attenuating the inhibitive effects of the p38 pathway on p-PLB.
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Chien MY, Chuang CH, Chern CM, Liou KT, Liu DZ, Hou YC, Shen YC. Salvianolic acid A alleviates ischemic brain injury through the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis and the promotion of neurogenesis in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 99:508-519. [PMID: 27609227 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (SalA), a chemical type of caffeic acid trimer, has drawn great attention for its potent bioactivities against ischemia-induced injury both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we evaluated SalA's protective effects against acute ischemic stroke by inducing middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) injuries in mice. Treatment of the mice with SalA (50 and 100μg/kg, i.v.) at 2h after MCAO enhanced their survival rate, improved their moving activity, and ameliorated the severity of brain infarction and apoptosis seen in the mice by diminishing pathological changes such as the extensive breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), nitrosative stress, and the activation of an inflammatory transcriptional factor p65 nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and a pro-apoptotic kinase p25/Cdk5. SalA also intensively limited cortical infarction and promoted the expression of neurogenesis protein near the peri-infarct cortex and subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus by compromising the activation of GSK3β and p25/Cdk5, which in turn upregulated β-catenin, doublecortin (DCX), and Bcl-2, most possibly through the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling via the upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. We conclude that SalA blocks inflammatory responses by impairing NF-κB signaling, thereby limiting inflammation/nitrosative stress and preserving the integrity of the BBB; SalA also concomitantly promotes neurogenesis-related protein expression by compromising GSK3β/Cdk5 activity to enhance the expression levels of β-catenin/DCX and Bcl-2 for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Yin Chien
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ko Da Pharmaceutical Co., Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Chang-Ming Chern
- Division of Neurovascular Disease, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital & Taipei Municipal Gan-Dau Hospital, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kou-Tong Liou
- Department of Combat Sports and Chinese Martial Arts, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Zen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Hsuan Chuang University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chang Hou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan; Department of Bioscience Technology, Chuan-Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Li D, Wang J, Hou J, Fu J, Liu J, Lin R. Salvianolic acid B induced upregulation of miR-30a protects cardiac myocytes from ischemia/reperfusion injury. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:336. [PMID: 27586425 PMCID: PMC5009695 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a novel class of powerful, endogenous regulators of gene expression. This study was designed to ascertain if miR-30a is involved in the cardioprotective actions of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury through suppression of autophagy. METHODS Murine myocardial cells that had undergone primary culture were induced by I-R and incubated with Sal B (25, 50, 100 μM) in the presence of a miR-30a mimic or miR-30a inhibitor. Expression of miR-30a, beclin-1, LC3-II and p-Akt protein, cell viability, and lactic acid dehydrogenase (LDH) release were assessed. RESULTS miR-30a expression was down-regulated remarkably in I-R cells, and this suppression could be reversed by Sal B in a dose-dependent manner. Sal B repressed autophagy in I-R myocardial cells. Sal B improved cell viability and reduced the rate of LDH leakage, which suggested that autophagy suppression was beneficial for cell survival. Knockdown of miR-30a with a miR-30a inhibitor could reverse the anti-autophagy effect of Sal B against I-R injury. Furthermore, we confirmed that Sal B has a protective role in miR-30a-mediated autophagy through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which was abrogated by the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that miR-30a is involved in Sal B-mediated cardioprotection against I-R injury through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
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Neuroprotective Effect of Salvianolic Acids against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071190. [PMID: 27455249 PMCID: PMC4964559 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the neuroprotective effect of salvianolic acids (SA) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and explored whether the neuroprotection was dependent on mitochondrial connexin43 (mtCx43) via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway. In vitro, we measured astrocyte apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and also evaluated the morphology of astrocyte mitochondria with transmission electron microscopy. In vivo, we determined the cerebral infarction volume and measured superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Additionally, mtCx43, p-mtCx43, AKT, and p-AKT levels were determined. In vitro, we found that I/R injury induced apoptosis, decreased cell mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and damaged mitochondrial morphology in astrocytes. In vivo, we found that I/R injury resulted in a large cerebral infarction, decreased SOD activity, and increased MDA expression. Additionally, I/R injury reduced both the p-mtCx43/mtCx43 and p-AKT/AKT ratios. We reported that both in vivo and in vitro, SA ameliorated the detrimental outcomes of the I/R. Interestingly, co-administering an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway blunted the effects of SA. SA represents a potential treatment option for cerebral infarction by up-regulating mtCx43 through the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Anti-apoptotic Effect of Taxodione on Serum/Glucose Deprivation-Induced PC12 Cells Death. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:1103-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0085-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Xu T, Wu X, Chen Q, Zhu S, Liu Y, Pan D, Chen X, Li D. The anti-apoptotic and cardioprotective effects of salvianolic acid a on rat cardiomyocytes following ischemia/reperfusion by DUSP-mediated regulation of the ERK1/2/JNK pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102292. [PMID: 25019380 PMCID: PMC4096914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of salvianolic acid A (SAA) pretreatment on the myocardium during ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and to illuminate the interrelationships among dual specificity protein phosphatase (DUSP) 2/4/16, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways during myocardial I/R, with the ultimate goal of elucidating how SAA exerts cardioprotection against I/R injury (IRI). Wistar rats were divided into the following six groups: control group (CON), I/R group, SAA+I/R group, ERK1/2 inhibitor PD098059+I/R group (PD+I/R), PD+SAA+I/R group, and JNK inhibitor SP600125+I/R group (SP+I/R). The cardioprotective effects of SAA on the myocardium during I/R were investigated with a Langendorff device. Heart rate (HR), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximum rate of ventricular pressure rise and fall (±dp/dtmax), myocardial infarction areas (MIA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and cardiomyocytes apoptosis were monitored. To determine the crosstalk betwee JNK and ERK1/2 via DUSP2/4/16 with SAA pretreatment, siRNA-DUSP2/4/16 were performed. The expression levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase 3, p-JNK, p-ERK1/2 and DUSP2/4/16 in cardiomyocytes were assayed by Western blot. Our results showed that LDH, MIA and cell apoptosis were decreased, and various parameters of heart function were improved by SAA pretreatment and SP application. In the I/R group, the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and DUSP4/16 were not significantly different compared with the CON group, however, the protein expression levels of p-ERK1/2, Bcl-2 and DUSP4/16 were higher, while p-JNK, Bax, caspase 3 and DUSP2 levels were reduced among the SAA+I/R, PD+SAA+I/R and SP+I/R groups. The above indices were not significantly different between the SAA+I/R and SP+I/R groups. Compared with the SAA+I/R group, p-ERK1/2 was increased and p-JNK was decreased in the SAA+si-DUSP2+I/R, however, p-ERK was downregulated and p-JNK was upregulated in SAA+si-DUSP4+I/R group. SAA exerts an anti-apoptotic role against myocardial IRI by inhibiting DUSP2-mediated JNK dephosphorylation and activating DUSP4/16-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongda Xu
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shasha Zhu
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Defeng Pan
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XC)
| | - Dongye Li
- Research Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- The First Clinical College, Nanjing Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail: (DL); (XC)
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Xia H, Sun L, Lou H, Rahman MM. Conversion of salvianolic acid B into salvianolic acid A in tissues of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae using high temperature, high pressure and high humidity. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 21:906-911. [PMID: 24548723 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid A (Sal A), an important constituent of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae (RSM), is effective for the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) and coronary heart disease due to its potential in the improvement of acute myocardial ischemia. However, its content is very low in RSM. So it is obvious to find a rich source of Sal A or to improve its content by conversion of other related components into Sal A modifying reaction conditions. In this research we focused on the conversion of Sal B into Sal A in aqueous solutions of RSM by using different reaction conditions including pH, temperature, pressure and humidity. During the reactions, the contents of Sal A, Sal B and danshensu in the RSM were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS). The results indicated that the conversion of Sal B into Sal A in RSM tissues under the conditions of a high temperature, high pressure and high humidity was efficient and thereby, was readily utilized to prepare rich Sal A materials in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Xia
- Department of National Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - Longru Sun
- Department of National Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China.
| | - Hongxiang Lou
- Department of National Products Chemistry, Key Lab of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, PR China
| | - M Mukhlesur Rahman
- Medicine Research Group, School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, Water Lane, London E15 4LZ, UK
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Globular adiponectin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by upregulating endoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase activity and inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 62:143-53. [PMID: 23609327 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31829521af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of globular adiponectin (gAd) on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. METHODS An in vivo myocardial I/R model and an in vitro neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) model simulating I/R injury in vivo were adopted to investigate whether and how the cardioprotective effects of gAd are mediated by the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. RESULTS gAd (1 μg/g, intravenously) attenuated the myocardial infarct size, myocardial enzyme activity, and apoptosis in rats with I/R, and similar protection was observed in primary cultures of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. The protective effects of gAd were associated with the suppression of ER stress, as evidenced by reversing the upregulation of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein, C/EBP homologous protein, and caspase-12 that were induced by H/R and thapsigargin. In addition, gAd conferred resistance to ER stress and cardiomyocyte injury by modulating ER Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Moreover, gAd further increased H/R-enhanced Akt phosphorylation. The protective effects of gAd on ER stress and SERCA activity were abolished by preincubation of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Consistent with this finding, I/R-induced ER stress and SERCA dysfunction were also significantly ameliorated by gAd. These effects involved PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of gAd during I/R are mediated, at least in part, by modulating SERCA activity and consequently suppressing ER stress via the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling.
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Liu M, Ye J, Gao S, Fang W, Li H, Geng B, Zou J, Chen X, Chen S, Zhang L, Yue Z, Ma Y, Gao H, Li Z, Liu P. Salvianolic acid B protects cardiomyocytes from angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy via inhibition of PARP-1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 444:346-53. [PMID: 24462865 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Salvianolic acid B (SalB), one of the major bioactive components in Salviamiltiorrhiza, has plenty of cardioprotective effects. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of SalB on angiotensin II (AngII)-induced hypertrophy in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and to find out whether or not this effect is attributed to inhibition of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which plays a key role in cardiac hypertrophy. Our results showed that SalB prevented the cardiomyocytes from AngII-induced hypertrophy, associated with attenuation of the mRNA expressions of atrial natriuretic factor and brain natriuretic peptide, and reduction in the cell surface area. SalB inhibited the activity of PARP-1. The inhibitory effect was comparable to that of the PARP-1 inhibitor 3-Aminobenzamide (3-AB). In addition, SalB reversed the depletion of cellular NAD(+) induced by AngII. Moreover, overexpression of PARP-1 attenuated the anti-hypertrophic effect of SalB. These observations suggested that SalB prevented the cardiomyocytes from AngII-induced hypertrophy, at least partially through inhibition of PARP-1. Moreover, SalB attenuated the generation of oxidative stress via suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 and 4, which might probably contribute to the inhibition of PARP-1. These present findings may shed new light on the understanding of the cardioprotective effect of SalB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiantao Ye
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Si Gao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Fang
- School of Basic Courses, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Biao Geng
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Zou
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shaorui Chen
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Luankun Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhongbao Yue
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunzi Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Gao
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhuoming Li
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Peiqing Liu
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Xu H, Li Y, Che X, Tian H, Fan H, Liu K. Metabolism of Salvianolic Acid A and Antioxidant Activities of Its Methylated Metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:274-81. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of two different sets of graft temperature during perfusion on myocardial protection in the immediate post transplantation period in rats. Materials and Methods: Rats grouped into: Sham and two study groups, which include two set groups of heterotopic heart transplant perfused at two different temperature set. The studied groups underwent cuff method cervical heterotopic heart transplant. Myocardial cell injury and stress were assessed by measuring: Cardiac troponin-I, score of tissue injury, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen, caspase 3 enzyme, and degree of myocardial apoptosis. The low set temperature (18°C) significantly reduced myocardial cell injury compared to 37°C reperfusion temperature. This cytoprotective effect of low temperature reperfusion phase was addressed by significant reduction in ROS and nitrogen and inflammatory cytokines, caspase 3, and myocardial apoptosis. Conclusion: Hypothermic reperfusion phase exerts cytoprotection in heart transplant through down regulation of oxygen, nitrogen reactive species, and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhil G Al-Amran
- MD FRCS FACS, Surgical Department, Medical College, Kufa University, Najaf, Iraq
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Salvianolic acid A preconditioning confers protection against concanavalin A-induced liver injury through SIRT1-mediated repression of p66shc in mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 273:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Sun J, Zhang L, Song J, Tian S, Huang C, Feng Z, Lv Y, Du G. Pharmacokinetic study of salvianolic acid A in beagle dog after oral administration by a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method: a study on bioavailability and dose proportionality. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:617-623. [PMID: 23707334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvianolic acid A (SAA) is one of the main water-soluble components isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Pharmacological researches revealed that it had various curative activities after oral and intravenous administration, including beneficial effects on diabetes and its complications, cardioprotective effect, anti-platelet aggregation, and so on. However, there is no report regarding the pharmacokinetics of SAA in beagle dogs after oral administration up to now. AIM OF THE STUDY To study the pharmacokinetics of different doses of SAA in beagle dogs and figure out the absolute bioavailability and dose proportionality of SAA after oral administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male and female beagle dogs were orally administered SAA 5, 10 and 20mg/kg randomly. The plasma drug concentration was detected by a rapid, sensitive and reproducible liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from plasma concentration-time data using the DAS pharmacokinetic software Data Analysis System Version 3.0 program. RESULTS After single-dose oral administration of SAA, the mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values for groups treated with 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg doses ranged from 14.38 to 38.18 µg/L, and the mean area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-t)) values ranged from 38.77 to 130.33 (µg/L·h). SAA showed lack of dose proportionality over the dose range 5-20mg/kg, based on the power model. However, the increase in systemic exposure with dose appeared linear. The absolute bioavailability was calculated to range from 1.47% to 1.84%. CONCLUSION The pharmacokinetic properties of SAA in beagle dogs after oral administration were characterized as rapid oral absorption, quick clearance, and poor absolute bioavailability. Systemic exposure exhibited lack of dose proportionality over the dose range 5-20mg/kg. Furthermore, a readily preparative LC-MS method was demonstrated in this study for the research of traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Effects of Salvianolic Acid A on Plasma and Tissue Dimethylarginine Levels in a Rat Model of Myocardial Infarction. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2013; 61:482-8. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3182893fd5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The cardioprotective effects of citric Acid and L-malic Acid on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:820695. [PMID: 23737849 PMCID: PMC3666396 DOI: 10.1155/2013/820695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids in Chinese herbs, the long-neglected components, have been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet aggregation activities; thus they may have potentially protective effect on ischemic heart disease. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the protective effects of two organic acids, that is, citric acid and L-malic acid, which are the main components of Fructus Choerospondiatis, on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury and the underlying mechanisms. In in vivo rat model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, we found that treatments with citric acid and L-malic acid significantly reduced myocardial infarct size, serum levels of TNF-α, and platelet aggregation. In vitro experiments revealed that both citric acid and L-malic acid significantly reduced LDH release, decreased apoptotic rate, downregulated the expression of cleaved caspase-3, and upregulated the expression of phosphorylated Akt in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. These results suggest that both citric acid and L-malic acid have protective effects on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury; the underlying mechanism may be related to their anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation and direct cardiomyocyte protective effects. These results also demonstrate that organic acids, besides flavonoids, may also be the major active ingredient of Fructus Choerospondiatis responsible for its cardioprotective effects and should be attached great importance in the therapy of ischemic heart disease.
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Yang D, Xie P, Liu Z. Ischemia/reperfusion-induced MKP-3 impairs endothelial NO formation via inactivation of ERK1/2 pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42076. [PMID: 22848708 PMCID: PMC3407110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs) are a family of dual-specificity phosphatases. Endothelial cells express multiple MKP family members, such as MKP-3. However, the effects of MKP-3 on endothelial biological processes have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we address the association between MKP-3 and endothelial Nitric oxide (NO) formation under ischemia/reperfusion (IS/RP) condition. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to IS/RP treatment. The MKP-3 expression and NO formation were examined. IS/RP induced endothelial MKP-3 expression and inhibited eNOS expression and NO formation, accompanied by an increase of endothelial apoptosis. The siRNA experiments showed that MKP-3 was an important mediator in impairing eNOS expression and NO production in endothelial cells. Transfection of HUVECs with constitutively active ERK plasmids suggested that the above mentioned effect of MKP-3 was via inactivation of ERK1/2 pathway. Furthermore, impairment of eNOS expression was restored by treatment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor and related to histone deacetylation and recruitment of HDAC1 to the eNOS promoter. Finally, Salvianolic acid A (SalA) markedly attenuated induction of MKP-3 and inhibition of eNOS expression and NO formation under endothelial IS/RP condition. Overall, these results for the first time demonstrated that IS/RP inhibited eNOS expression by inactivation of ERK1/2 and recruitment of HDAC1 to the gene promoter, leading to decreased NO formation through a MKP-3-dependent mechanism in endothelial cells, and SalA has therapeutic significance in protecting endothelial cells from impaired NO formation in response to IS/RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Dow J, Painovich J, Hale SL, Tjen-A-Looi S, Longhurst JC, Kloner RA. Absence of actions of commonly used Chinese herbal medicines and electroacupuncture on myocardial infarct size. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2012; 17:403-11. [PMID: 22549008 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412443310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some studies have suggested that certain Chinese herbal remedies and acupuncture could limit ischemia/reperfusion damage. We sought to determine whether the commonly used single herb Danshen (DS), either alone or in combination with Jiang Xiang (JX), or electroacupuncture (EA) reduces myocardial infarct size. METHODS An anesthetized rat model of proximal left coronary artery occlusion (30 minutes) and reperfusion (180 minutes) was used to measure infarct size (triphenyltetrazolium chloride) and ischemic risk zone (blue dye technique). Rats were either untreated (saline) or received an infusion of DS or DS + JX, starting 30 minutes prior to coronary occlusion. In a separate protocol, rats were untreated, received static needle (ND) placement without stimulation or EA at P5-P6 acupuncture points in the rat forearm starting 5 minutes before occlusion and lasting for 40 minutes, or starting 30 minutes before occlusion and lasting for 90 minutes. RESULTS In the herbal experiments, myocardial infarct size expressed as a fraction of the ischemic risk zone was 0.43 ± 0.06 in controls, 0.39 ± 0.05 in the DS group, and 0.42 ± 0.04 in the Danshen + JX groups (P = not significant [NS]). In the acupuncture study, there was no significant difference in infarct size as a fraction of the risk zone among the control group (0.38 ± 0.04), the ND group (0.47 ± 0.04), or the EA group (0.32 ± 0.05). When EA was started 30 minutes prior to coronary occlusion and continued for 30 minutes into reperfusion, infarct size was 0.41 ± 0.07 in controls and 0.38 ± 0.10 in EA (P = NS). Neither herbs nor EA altered heart rate or blood pressure. In a separate study of 5 minutes of coronary occlusion plus reperfusion, EA failed to reduce ventricular arrhythmias. CONCLUSION Our studies do not suggest a cardioprotective effect of DS or DS + JX or EA in an experimental model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Dow
- Heart Institute, Good Samaritan Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sun L, Zhao R, Zhang L, Zhang T, Xin W, Lan X, Huang C, Du G. Salvianolic acid A inhibits PDGF-BB induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and proliferation while does not constrain endothelial cell proliferation and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Molecules 2012; 17:3333-47. [PMID: 22418933 PMCID: PMC6268737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/03/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are critical events in the initiation and development of restenosis upon percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Polyphenols have been suggested to ameliorate post-angioplasty restenosis. Salvianolic A (SalA) is one of the most abundant polyphenols extracted from salvia. In this study, we investigated the effect of salvianolic A (SalA) on the migration and proliferation of VSMCs. We found a preferential interaction of SalA with cellular systems that rely on the PDGF signal, but not on the EGF and bFGF signal. SalA inhibits PDGF-BB induced VSMC proliferation and migration in the concentration range from 0.01 to 0.1 μM. The inhibition of SalA on VSMC proliferation is associated with cell cycle arrest. We also found that SalA inhibits the PDGFRβ-ERK1/2 signaling cascade activated by PDGF-BB in VSMCs. In addition, SalA does not influence the proliferation of endothelial cells, the synthesis of NO and eNOS protein expression. Our results suggest that SalA inhibits migration and proliferation of VSMCs induced by PDGF-BB via the inhibition of the PDGFRβ-ERK1/2 cascade, but that it does not constrain endothelial cell proliferation and nitric oxide biosynthesis. Thus, the present study suggests a novel adjunct pharmacological strategy to prevent angioplasty-related restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Guanhua Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6316-5184
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Yang LL, Li DY, Zhang YB, Zhu MY, Chen D, Xu TD. Salvianolic acid A inhibits angiotensin II-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by attenuating the production of ROS. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2012; 33:41-8. [PMID: 22101169 PMCID: PMC4010265 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the action of salvianolic acid A (SalA) on angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the possible signaling pathways mediating this action. METHODS Cell proliferation was examined with MTT assay. The expression levels of Src phosphorylation (phospho-Src), Akt phosphorylation (phospho-Akt), and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in HUVECs were determined by Western blot. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was estimated using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). RESULTS SalA (6.25-50 μmol/L) did not affect the viability of HUVECs. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) markedly increased the cell viability; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) prevented Ang II-induced increase of the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) markedly up-regulated the protein expression levels of phospho-Src, phospho-Akt (473) and Nox4; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) blocked all the effects in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of HUVECs with Ang II (1 μmol/L) dramatically increased ROS production in HUVECs; pretreatment of HUVECs with SalA (12.5, 25 and 50 μmol/L) blocked the ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSION SalA inhibits Ang II-induced proliferation of HUVECs via reducing the expression levels of phospho-Src and phospho-Akt (473), thereby attenuating the production of ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan-luan Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dong-ye Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Yan-bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Man-yi Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
| | - Tong-da Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou 221002, China
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