1
|
Hegde PV, Morse BL. Mechanistic Account of Distinct Change in Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide 1B (OATP1B) Substrate Pharmacokinetics during OATP1B-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling. Drug Metab Dispos 2024; 52:886-898. [PMID: 38740464 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.124.001708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of transporters in drug clearance is widely acknowledged, directly and indirectly by facilitating tissue/enzyme exposure. Through the latter, transporters also affect volume of distribution. Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) involving organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B1/1B3 and SLCO1B1 pharmacogenetics lead to altered pharmacokinetics of OATP1B substrates; however, several factors may confound direct interpretation of pharmacokinetic parameters from these clinical studies using noncompartmental analysis (NCA). A review of clinical data herein indicates a single dose of OATP1B inhibitor rifampin almost never leads to increased substrate half-life but often a decrease and that most clinical OATP1B substrates are CYP3A4 substrates and/or undergo enterohepatic cycling (EHC). Using hypothetically simple OATP1B substrate physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models, simulated effect of rifampin differed from specific OATP1B inhibition due to short rifampin half-life causing dissipation of OATP1B inhibition over time combined with CYP3A4 induction. Calculated using simulated tissue data, volume of distribution indeed decreased with OATP1B inhibition and was expectedly limited to the contribution of liver volume. However, an apparent and counterintuitive effect of rifampin on volume greater than that on clearance resulted for CYP3A4 substrates using NCA. The effect of OATP1B inhibition and rifampin on OATP1B substrate models incorporating EHC plus or minus renal clearance was distinct compared with simpler models. Using PBPK models incorporating reversible lactone metabolism for clinical OATP1B substrates atorvastatin and pitavastatin, DDIs reporting decreased half-life with rifampin were reproduced. These simulations provide an explanation for the distinct change in OATP1B substrate pharmacokinetics observed in clinical studies, including changes in volume of distribution and additional mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Transporters are involved in drug clearance and volume of distribution, and distinct changes in OATP1B substrate pharmacokinetics are observed with OATP1B inhibitor rifampin. Using hypothetical and validated PBPK models and simulations, this study addresses the limitations of single-dose rifampin and complicated clinical OATP1B substrate disposition in evaluating the pharmacokinetic parameters of OATP1B substrates during rifampin drug-drug interactions (DDIs). These models account for change in volume of distribution and identify additional mechanisms underlying apparent pharmacokinetic changes in OATP1B DDIs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pooja V Hegde
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bridget L Morse
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Glebavičiūtė G, Vijaya AK, Preta G. Effect of Statin Lipophilicity on the Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:455. [PMID: 38927335 PMCID: PMC11200858 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, statins, are drugs used globally for lowering the level of cholesterol in the blood. Different clinical studies of statins in cancer patients have indicated a decrease in cancer mortality, particularly in patients using lipophilic statins compared to those on hydrophilic statins. In this paper, we selected two structurally different statins (simvastatin and pravastatin) with different lipophilicities and investigated their effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Lipophilic simvastatin highly influences cancer cell growth and survival in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, while pravastatin, due to its hydrophilic structure and limited cellular uptake, showed minimal cytotoxic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giulio Preta
- Institute of Biochemistry, Life Science Center, Vilnius University, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania; (G.G.); (A.K.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li W, Sparidans RW, Wang Y, Martins MLF, de Waart DR, van Tellingen O, Song JY, Lebre MC, van Hoppe S, Wagenaar E, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Interplay of OATP1A/1B/2B1 uptake transporters and ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters in the handling of bilirubin and drugs. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116644. [PMID: 38692057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane drug transporters can be important determinants of the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety profiles of drugs. To investigate the potential cooperative and/or counteracting interplay of OATP1A/1B/2B1 uptake transporters and ABCB1 and ABCG2 efflux transporters in physiology and pharmacology, we generated a new mouse model (Bab12), deficient for Slco1a/1b, Slco2b1, Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2. Bab12 mice were viable and fertile. We compared wild-type, Slco1a/1b/2b1-/-, Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- and Bab12 strains. Endogenous plasma conjugated bilirubin levels ranked as follows: wild-type = Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- << Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- < Bab12 mice. Plasma levels of rosuvastatin and fexofenadine were elevated in Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- and Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice compared to wild-type, and dramatically increased in Bab12 mice. Although systemic exposure of larotrectinib and repotrectinib was substantially increased in the separate multidrug transporter knockout strains, no additive effects were observed in the combination Bab12 mice. Significantly higher plasma exposure of fluvastatin and pravastatin was only found in Slco1a/1b/2b1-deficient mice. However, noticeable transport by Slco1a/1b/2b1 and Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 across the BBB was observed for fluvastatin and pravastatin, respectively, by comparing Bab12 mice with Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- or Slco1a/1b/2b1-/- mice. Quite varying behavior in plasma exposure of erlotinib and its metabolites was observed among these strains. Bab12 mice revealed that Abcb1a/1b and/or Abcg2 can contribute to conjugated bilirubin elimination when Slco1a/1b/2b1 are absent. Our results suggest that the interplay of Slco1a/1b/2b1, Abcb1a/1b, and Abcg2 could markedly affect the pharmacokinetics of some, but not all drugs and metabolites. The Bab12 mouse model will represent a useful tool for optimizing drug development and clinical application, including efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Li
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Shengli Rd 666, Nantong 226001, China.
| | - Rolf W Sparidans
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands
| | - Yaogeng Wang
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Margarida L F Martins
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk R de Waart
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 71, Amsterdam 1105 BK, the Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Ji-Ying Song
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Experimental Animal Pathology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphanie van Hoppe
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Els Wagenaar
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands; Utrecht University, Faculty of Science, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Clinical Pharmacology, Universiteitsweg 99, Utrecht 3584 CG, the Netherlands; The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Pharmacology, Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Downie CG, Highland HM, Alotaibi M, Welch BM, Howard AG, Cheng S, Miller N, Jain M, Kaplan RC, Lilly AG, Long T, Sofer T, Thyagarajan B, Yu B, North KE, Avery CL. Genome-wide association study reveals shared and distinct genetic architecture underlying fatty acid and bioactive oxylipin metabolites in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.21.24307719. [PMID: 38826448 PMCID: PMC11142272 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.21.24307719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioactive fatty acid-derived oxylipin molecules play key roles in mediating inflammation and oxidative stress, which underlie many chronic diseases. Circulating levels of fatty acids and oxylipins are influenced by both environmental and genetic factors; characterizing the genetic architecture of bioactive lipids could yield new insights into underlying biological pathways. Thus, we performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) of n=81 fatty acids and oxylipins in n=11,584 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants with genetic and lipidomic data measured at study baseline (58.6% female, mean age = 46.1 years, standard deviation = 13.8 years). Additionally, given the effects of central obesity on inflammation, we examined interactions with waist circumference using two-degree-of-freedom joint tests. Heritability estimates ranged from 0% to 47.9%, and 48 of the 81oxylipins and fatty acids were significantly heritable. Moreover, 40 (49.4%) of the 81 oxylipins and fatty acids had at least one genome-wide significant (p< 6.94E-11) variant resulting in 19 independent genetic loci involved in fatty acid and oxylipin synthesis, as well as downstream pathways. Four loci (lead variant minor allele frequency [MAF] range: 0.08-0.50), including the desaturase-encoding FADS and the OATP1B1 transporter protein-encoding SLCO1B1, exhibited associations with four or more fatty acids and oxylipins. The majority of the 15 remaining loci (87.5%) (lead variant MAF range = 0.03-0.45, mean = 0.23) were only associated with one oxylipin or fatty acid, demonstrating evidence of distinct genetic effects. Finally, while most loci identified in two-degree-of-freedom tests were previously identified in our main effects analyses, we also identified an additional rare variant (MAF = 0.002) near CARS2, a locus previously implicated in inflammation. Our analyses revealed shared and distinct genetic architecture underlying fatty acids and oxylipins, providing insights into genetic factors and motivating future multi-omics work to characterize these compounds and elucidate their roles in disease pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina G Downie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Barrett M Welch
- School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV
| | - Annie Green Howard
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Mohit Jain
- Sapient Bioanalytics, San Diego, CA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchison Cancer Center, Seattle, WA
| | - Adam G Lilly
- Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Tao Long
- Sapient Bioanalytics, San Diego, CA
| | - Tamar Sofer
- CardioVascular Institute (CVI), Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Houston, TX
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Christy L Avery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ezuruike U, Curry L, Hatley O, Gardner I. Exploring the impact of ethnicity on drug pharmacokinetics using PBPK models: A case study with lansoprazole in Japanese subjects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38072775 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.15982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study is to demonstrate the use of PBPK modelling to explore the impact of ethnic differences on drug PK. METHODS A PBPK model developed for lansoprazole was used to predict the clinical PK of lansoprazole in Japanese subjects by incorporating the physiological parameters of a Japanese population into the model. Further verification of the developed Japanese population with clinical studies involving eight other CYP substrates-omeprazole, ticlopidine, alprazolam, midazolam, nifedipine, cinacalcet, paroxetine and dextromethorphan-was also carried out. RESULTS The PK of lansoprazole in both Caucasian and Japanese subjects was well predicted by the model as the observed data were within the 5th and 95th percentiles across all the clinical studies. In age- and sex-matched simulations in both the Caucasian and Japanese populations, the predicted PK (mean ± SD) of a single oral dose of 30-mg lansoprazole was higher in the Japanese population in all cases, with more than twofold higher AUC of 5.98 ± 6.43 mg/L.h (95% CI: 4.72, 7.24) vs. 2.46 ± 2.45 mg/L.h (95% CI: 1.98, 2.94) in one scenario. In addition, in two out of the nine clinical DDIs of lansoprazole and the additional CYP substrates simulated using the Japanese population, the predicted DDI in Japanese was more than 1.25-fold that in Caucasians, indicating an increased DDI liability. CONCLUSIONS By accounting for various physiological parameters that characterize a population in a PBPK model, the impact of the different identified interethnic differences on the drug's PK can be explored, which can inform the adoption of drugs from one region to another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Liam Curry
- Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Iain Gardner
- Certara UK Limited (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Michel ME, Wen CC, Yee SW, Giacomini KM, Hamdoun A, Nicklisch SCT. TICBase: Integrated Resource for Data on Drug and Environmental Chemical Interactions with Mammalian Drug Transporters. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2023; 114:1293-1303. [PMID: 37657924 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Environmental health science seeks to predict how environmental toxins, chemical toxicants, and prescription drugs accumulate and interact within the body. Xenobiotic transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) superfamilies are major determinants of the uptake and disposition of xenobiotics across the kingdoms of life. The goal of this study was to integrate drug and environmental chemical interactions of mammalian ABC and SLC proteins in a centralized, integrative database. We built upon an existing publicly accessible platform-the "TransPortal"-which was updated with novel data and searchable features on transporter-interfering chemicals from manually curated literature data. The integrated resource TransPortal-TICBase (https://transportal.compbio.ucsf.edu) now contains information on 46 different mammalian xenobiotic transporters of the ABC- and SLC-type superfamilies, including 13 newly added rodent and 2 additional human drug transporters, 126 clinical drug-drug interactions, and a more than quadrupled expansion of the initial in vitro chemical interaction data from 1,402 to 6,296 total interactions. Based on our updated database, environmental interference with major human and rodent drug transporters occurs across the ABC- and SLC-type superfamilies, with kinetics indicating that some chemicals, such as the ionic liquid 1-hexylpyridinium chloride and the antiseptic chlorhexidine, can act as strong inhibitors with potencies similar or even higher than pharmacological model inhibitors. The new integrated web portal serves as a central repository of current and emerging data for interactions of prescription drugs and environmental chemicals with human drug transporters. This archive has important implications for predicting adverse drug-drug and drug-environmental chemical interactions and can serve as a reference website for the broader scientific community of clinicians and researchers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Michel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sascha C T Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nega MH, Berhe DF, Ribeiro V. Pharmacogenetic analysis of inter-ethnic variability in the uptake transporter SLCO1B1 gene in Colombian, Mozambican, and Portuguese populations. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:207. [PMID: 37658350 PMCID: PMC10474731 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin-induced myopathy is reported to be associated with the solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 gene single nucleotide polymorphism, c.521 T > C. There is no epidemiologic data on this gene polymorphism in several countries. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the genotype and allele frequencies of the gene variant in three countries. METHODS This study involved healthy individuals from Colombia, Mozambique, and Portugal. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples using the Qiamp DNA Extraction Kit (Qiagen). The isolated DNA was genotyped using novel Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism. Microstat and GraphPad QuickCal software were used for the Chi-square test and the evaluation of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium respectively. RESULTS A total of 181 individuals' blood samples were analyzed. Overall, the TT (74.0%) genotype was the highest and the CC (7.8%) was the lowest. Country wise genotypic frequencies were Colombia 47(70.2%) TT, 12(17.9%) TC and 8(11.9%) CC; Mozambique 47(88.7%) TT, 5(9.4%) TC, and 1(1.9%) CC; and Portugal 40(65.6%) TT, 16(26.2%) TC, and 5(8.2%) CC. The reference (T) allele was highest among Mozambicans (93.4%) compared to Colombians (79.1%) and Portuguese (78.7%). Mozambicans showed statistically significant genotypic and allelic frequency differences compared to Colombians (p < 0.01) and Portuguese (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Overall and country-wise, CC genotype was less frequent and it is relatively high for Colombians and Portuguese populations. This finding may imply statins risk-benefit variability associated with CC genotype among these populations that needs further understanding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mulata Haile Nega
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME/CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, Portugal.
| | - Derbew Fikadu Berhe
- University of Global Health Equity, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Vera Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Toxicology, Center for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine (CBME/CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Algarve, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Özvegy-Laczka C, Ungvári O, Bakos É. Fluorescence-based methods for studying activity and drug-drug interactions of hepatic solute carrier and ATP binding cassette proteins involved in ADME-Tox. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 209:115448. [PMID: 36758706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In humans, approximately 70% of drugs are eliminated through the liver. This process is governed by the concerted action of membrane transporters and metabolic enzymes. Transporters mediating hepatocellular uptake of drugs belong to the SLC (Solute carrier) superfamily of transporters. Drug efflux either toward the portal vein or into the bile is mainly mediated by active transporters of the ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) family. Alteration in the function and/or expression of liver transporters due to mutations, disease conditions, or co-administration of drugs or food components can result in altered pharmacokinetics. On the other hand, drugs or food components interacting with liver transporters may also interfere with liver function (e.g., bile acid homeostasis) and may even cause liver toxicity. Accordingly, certain transporters of the liver should be investigated already at an early stage of drug development. Most frequently radioactive probes are applied in these drug-transporter interaction tests. However, fluorescent probes are cost-effective and sensitive alternatives to radioligands, and are gaining wider application in drug-transporter interaction tests. In our review, we summarize our current understanding about hepatocyte ABC and SLC transporters affected by drug interactions. We provide an update of the available fluorescent and fluorogenic/activable probes applicable in in vitro or in vivo testing of these ABC and SLC transporters, including near-infrared transporter probes especially suitable for in vivo imaging. Furthermore, our review gives a comprehensive overview of the available fluorescence-based methods, not directly relying on the transport of the probe, suitable for the investigation of hepatic ABC or SLC-type drug transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Özvegy-Laczka
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary.
| | - Orsolya Ungvári
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Bakos
- Institute of Enzymology, RCNS, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar tudósok krt. 2., Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhu V, Burhenne J, Weiss J, Haag M, Hofmann U, Schwab M, Urban S, Mikus G, Czock D, Haefeli WE, Blank A. Evaluation of the drug-drug interaction potential of the novel hepatitis B and D virus entry inhibitor bulevirtide at OATP1B in healthy volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1128547. [PMID: 37089922 PMCID: PMC10117888 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1128547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bulevirtide is a first-in-class antiviral drug to treat chronic hepatitis B/D. We investigated the drug-drug interaction potential and pharmacokinetics of high-dose subcutaneous bulevirtide (5 mg twice daily) with organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) and cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4. Methods: This was a single-center, open-label, fixed-sequence drug-drug interaction trial in 19 healthy volunteers. Before and at bulevirtide steady state, participants ingested a single 40 mg dose of pravastatin. A midazolam microdose was applied to quantify CYP3A4 activity. Results: At bulevirtide steady state, pravastatin area under the concentration-time curve (AUC0-∞) increased 1.32-fold (90% CI 1.08-1.61). The 5 mg bulevirtide twice-daily treatment resulted in a mean AUC0-12 of 1210 h*ng/ml (95% CI 1040-1408) and remained essentially unchanged under the influence of pravastatin. CYP3A4 activity did not change to a clinically relevant extent. As expected, total bile acids increased substantially (35-fold) compared to baseline during bulevirtide treatment. All study medication was well tolerated. Discussion: The study demonstrated that high-dose bulevirtide inhibited OATP1B-mediated hepatic uptake of the marker substrate pravastatin but the extent is considered clinically not relevant. Changes in CYP3A4 activity were also not clinically relevant. In conclusion, this study suggests that OATP1B substrate drugs as well as CYP3A4 substrates may safely be used without dose adjustment in patients treated with bulevirtide. However, in patients using high statin doses and where concomitant factors potentially further increase statin exposure, caution may be required when using bulevirtide.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Burhenne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mathias Haag
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Hofmann
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology and of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180), Image‐guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Urban
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gerd Mikus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Czock
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E. Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Blank
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- *Correspondence: Antje Blank,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Elchynski AL, Cicali EJ, Ferrer Del Busto MC, Hamilton A, Chang KL, Schmidt SO, Weiner B, Davis R, Estores D, Max Smith D, Wiisanen K, Johnson JA, Cavallari LH. Determining the potential clinical value of panel-based pharmacogenetic testing in patients with chronic pain or gastroesophageal reflux disease. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2021; 21:657-663. [PMID: 34075203 PMCID: PMC8605985 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-021-00244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine the potential value of panel-based pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing in patients with chronic pain or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) who underwent single-gene PGx testing to guide opioid or proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, respectively. Of 448 patients included (chronic pain, n = 337; GERD, n = 111), mean age was 57 years, 68% were female, and 73% were white. Excluding opiates for the pain cohort and PPIs for the GERD cohort, 76.6% of patients with pain and 71.2% with GERD were prescribed at least one additional medication with a high level of PGx evidence, most commonly ondansetron or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The most common genes that could inform PGx drug prescribing were CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2C9, and SLCO1B1. Our findings suggest that patients with chronic pain or GERD are commonly prescribed drugs with a high level of evidence for a PGx-guided approach, supporting panel-based testing in these populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Elchynski
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Emily J Cicali
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria C Ferrer Del Busto
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alessandra Hamilton
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ku-Lang Chang
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Siegfried O Schmidt
- Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, College of Medicine University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Weiner
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Charles E. Schmidt School of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
- Digestive Disease Institute at the Cleveland Clinic, Weston, FL, USA
| | - Richard Davis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David Estores
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D Max Smith
- MedStar Health, Columbia, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kristin Wiisanen
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Larisa H Cavallari
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Precision Medicine, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Olafuyi O, Parekh N, Wright J, Koenig J. Inter-ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics-is there more that unites than divides? Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00890. [PMID: 34725944 PMCID: PMC8561230 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-ethnic variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) has been attributed to several factors ranging from genetic to environmental. It is not clear how current teaching in higher education (HE) reflects what published literature suggests on this subject. This study aims to gain insights into current knowledge about inter-ethnic differences in PK based on reports from published literature and current teaching practices in HE. A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus to identify suitable literature to be reviewed. Insights into inter-ethnic differences in PK teaching among educators in HE and industry were determined using a questionnaire. Thirty-one percent of the studies reviewed reported inter-ethnic differences in PK, of these, 37% of authors suggested genetic polymorphism as possible explanation for the inter-ethnic differences observed. Other factors authors proposed included diet and weight differences between ethnicities. Most respondents (80%) who taught inter-ethnic difference in PK attributed inter-ethnic differences to genetic polymorphism. While genetic polymorphism is one source of variability in PK, the teaching of genetic polymorphism is better associated with interindividual variabilities rather than inter-ethnic differences in PK as there are no genes with PK implications specific to any one ethnic group. Nongenetic factors such as diet, weight, and environmental factors, should be highlighted as potential sources of interindividual variation in the PK of drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olusola Olafuyi
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and NeurosciencesSchool of Life SciencesUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Nikita Parekh
- Department of Pharmacology and TherapeuticsKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jacob Wright
- Centre for Bioscience EducationKing’s College LondonLondonUK
| | - Jennifer Koenig
- Division of Medical Sciences & Graduate Entry MedicineSchool of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
O’Brien TJ, Fenton K, Sidahmed A, Barbour A, Harralson AF. Race and Drug Toxicity: A Study of Three Cardiovascular Drugs with Strong Pharmacogenetic Recommendations. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11111226. [PMID: 34834577 PMCID: PMC8622254 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Clinical Pharmacogenetics Implementation Consortium (CPIC®) establishes evidence-based guidelines for utilizing pharmacogenetic information for certain priority drugs. Warfarin, clopidogrel and simvastatin are cardiovascular drugs that carry strong prescribing guidance by CPIC. The respective pharmacogenes for each of these drugs exhibit considerable variability amongst different ethnic/ancestral/racial populations. Race and ethnicity are commonly employed as surrogate biomarkers in clinical practice and can be found in many prescribing guidelines. This is controversial due to the large variability that exists amongst different racial/ethnic groups, lack of detailed ethnic information and the broad geographic categorization of racial groups. Using a retrospective analysis of electronic health records (EHR), we sought to determine the degree to which self-reported race/ethnicity contributed to the probability of adverse drug reactions for these drugs. All models used individuals self-reporting as White as the comparison group. The majority of apparent associations between different racial groups and drug toxicity observed in the "race only" model failed to remain significant when we corrected for covariates. We did observe self-identified Asian race as a significant predictor (p = 0.016) for warfarin hemorrhagic events in all models. In addition, patients identifying as either Black/African-American (p = 0.001) or Other/Multiple race (p = 0.019) had a lower probability of reporting an adverse reaction than White individuals while on simvastatin even after correcting for other covariates. In both instances where race/ethnicity was predictive of drug toxicity (i.e., warfarin, simvastatin), the findings are consistent with the known global variability in the pharmacogenes described in the CPIC guidelines for these medications. These results confirm that the reliability of using self-identified race/ethnic information extracted from EHRs as a predictor of adverse drug reactions is likely limited to situations where the genes influencing drug toxicity display large, distinct ethnogeographic variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis J. O’Brien
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Kevin Fenton
- Department of Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Alfateh Sidahmed
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - April Barbour
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (A.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Arthur F. Harralson
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Bernard J. Dunn School of Pharmacy, Shenandoah University, Winchester, VA 22601, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lu B, Sun L, Seraydarian M, Hoffmann TJ, Medina MW, Iribarren C, Krauss RM, Risch N, Oni-Orisan A. Effect of SLCO1B1 T521C on Statin-Related Myotoxicity With Use of Lovastatin and Atorvastatin. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2021; 110:733-740. [PMID: 34114646 PMCID: PMC8376784 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The association between the c.521T>C variant allele in SLCO1B1 (reference single nucleotide polymorphism (rs)4149056) and simvastatin-induced myotoxicity was discovered over a decade ago; however, whether this relationship represents a class effect is still not fully known. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rs4149056 genotype and statin-induced myotoxicity in patients taking atorvastatin and lovastatin. Study participants were from the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. A total of 233 statin-induced myopathy + rhabdomyolysis cases met the criteria for inclusion and were matched to 2,342 controls. To validate the drug response phenotype, we replicated the previously established association between rs4149056 genotype and simvastatin-induced myotoxicity. In particular, compared with homozygous T allele carriers, there was a significantly increased risk of simvastatin-induced myopathy + rhabdomyolysis in homozygous carriers of the C allele (CC vs. TT, odds ratio [OR] 4.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.58-11.90, P = 0.003). For lovastatin users, homozygous carriers of the C allele were also at increased risk of statin-induced myopathy + rhabdomyolysis (CC vs. TT, OR 4.49, 95% CI 1.68-10.80, P = 0.001). In atorvastatin users, homozygous carriers of the C allele were twice as likely to experience statin-induced myopathy, though this association did not achieve statistical significance (CC vs. TT, OR 2.00, 95% CI 0.44-6.59, P = 0.30). In summary, our findings suggest that the association of rs4149056 with simvastatin-related myotoxicity may also extend to lovastatin. More data is needed to determine the extent of the association in atorvastatin users. Altogether, these data expand the evidence base for informing guidelines of pharmacogenetic-based statin prescribing practices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Laura Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manuel Seraydarian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marisa W. Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Carlos Iribarren
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA,Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Neil Risch
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Akinyemi Oni-Orisan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gebremichael LG, Suppiah V, Wiese MD, Mackenzie L, Phillips C, Williams DB, Roberts MS. Efficacy and safety of statins in ethnic differences: a lesson for application in Indigenous Australian patient care. Pharmacogenomics 2021; 22:553-571. [PMID: 34120458 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although statins are effective in treating high cholesterol, adverse effects do occur with their use. Efficacy and tolerability vary among statins in different ethnic groups. Indigenous Australians have a high risk for cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Prescribing statins to Indigenous Australians with multi-morbidity requires different strategies to increase efficacy and reduce their toxicity. Previous studies have reported that Indigenous Australians are more susceptible to severe statin-induced myopathies. However, there is a lack of evidence in the underlying genetic factors in this population. This review aims to identify: inter-ethnic differences in the efficacy and safety of statins; major contributing factors accounting for any identified differences; and provide an overview of statin-induced adverse effects in Indigenous Australians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lemlem G Gebremichael
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Vijayaprakash Suppiah
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.,Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael D Wiese
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Lorraine Mackenzie
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Craig Phillips
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Desmond B Williams
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- UniSA Clinical & Health Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.,Therapeutics Research Centre, Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Medical Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, 28 Woodville Rd, Woodville, SA 5011, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bruckmueller H, Cascorbi I. ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 drug transporter polymorphisms and their impact on drug bioavailability: what is our current understanding? Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:369-396. [PMID: 33459081 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1876661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interindividual differences in drug response are a frequent clinical challenge partly due to variation in pharmacokinetics. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are crucial determinants of drug disposition. They are subject of gene regulation and drug-interaction; however, it is still under debate to which extend genetic variants in these transporters contribute to interindividual variability of a wide range of drugs. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the current literature on the impact of genetic variants in ABCB1, ABCG2 as well as ABCC1, ABCC2, and ABCC3 on pharmacokinetics and drug response. The aim was to evaluate if results from recent studies would increase the evidence for potential clinically relevant pharmacogenetic effects. EXPERT OPINION Although enormous efforts have been made to investigate effects of ABC transporter genotypes on drug pharmacokinetics and response, the majority of studies showed only weak if any associations. Despite few unique results, studies mostly failed to confirm earlier findings or still remained inconsistent. The impact of genetic variants on drug bioavailability is only minor and other factors regulating the transporter expression and function seem to be more critical. In our opinion, the findings on the so far investigated genetic variants in ABC efflux transporters are not suitable as predictive biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrike Bruckmueller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kee PS, Chin PKL, Kennedy MA, Maggo SDS. Pharmacogenetics of Statin-Induced Myotoxicity. Front Genet 2020; 11:575678. [PMID: 33193687 PMCID: PMC7596698 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.575678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Statins, a class of lipid-lowering medications, have been a keystone treatment in cardiovascular health. However, adverse effects associated with statin use impact patient adherence, leading to statin discontinuation. Statin-induced myotoxicity (SIM) is one of the most common adverse effects, prevalent across all ages, genders, and ethnicities. Although certain demographic cohorts carry a higher risk, the impaired quality of life attributed to SIM is significant. The pathogenesis of SIM remains to be fully elucidated, but it is clear that SIM is multifactorial. These factors include drug-drug interactions, renal or liver dysfunction, and genetics. Genetic-inferred risk for SIM was first reported by a landmark genome-wide association study, which reported a higher risk of SIM with a polymorphism in the SLCO1B1 gene. Since then, research associating genetic factors with SIM has expanded widely and has become one of the foci in the field of pharmacogenomics. This review provides an update on the genetic risk factors associated with SIM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Siu Kee
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | | | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Simran D. S. Maggo
- Gene Structure and Function Laboratory, Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neuvonen M, Hirvensalo P, Tornio A, Rago B, West M, Lazzaro S, Mathialagan S, Varma M, Cerny MA, Costales C, Ramanathan R, Rodrigues AD, Niemi M. Identification of Glycochenodeoxycholate 3-O-Glucuronide and Glycodeoxycholate 3-O-Glucuronide as Highly Sensitive and Specific OATP1B1 Biomarkers. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:646-657. [PMID: 32961594 PMCID: PMC7983942 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of endogenous glycochenodeoxycholate and glycodeoxycholate 3-O-glucuronides (GCDCA-3G and GDCA-3G) as substrates for organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) in humans. We measured fasting levels of plasma GCDCA-3G and GDCA-3G using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry in 356 healthy volunteers. The mean plasma levels of both compounds were ~ 50% lower in women than in men (P = 2.25 × 10-18 and P = 4.73 × 10-9 ). In a microarray-based genome-wide association study, the SLCO1B1 rs4149056 (c.521T>C, p.Val174Ala) variation showed the strongest association with the plasma GCDCA-3G (P = 3.09 × 10-30 ) and GDCA-3G (P = 1.60 × 10-17 ) concentrations. The mean plasma concentration of GCDCA-3G was 9.2-fold (P = 8.77 × 10-31 ) and that of GDCA-3G was 6.4-fold (P = 2.45x10-13 ) higher in individuals with the SLCO1B1 c.521C/C genotype than in those with the c.521T/T genotype. No other variants showed independent genome-wide significant associations with GCDCA-3G or GDCA-3G. GCDCA-3G was highly efficacious in detecting the SLCO1B1 c.521C/C genotype with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.996 (P < 0.0001). The sensitivity (98-99%) and specificity (100%) peaked at a cutoff value of 180 ng/mL for men and 90 ng/mL for women. In a haplotype-based analysis, SLCO1B1*5 and *15 were associated with reduced, and SLCO1B1*1B, *14, and *35 with increased OATP1B1 function. In vitro, both GCDCA-3G and GDCA-3G showed at least 6 times higher uptake by OATP1B1 than OATP1B3 or OATP2B1. These data indicate that the hepatic uptake of GCDCA-3G and GDCA-3G is predominantly mediated by OATP1B1. GCDCA-3G, in particular, is a highly sensitive and specific OATP1B1 biomarker in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Hirvensalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Brian Rago
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mark West
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sarah Lazzaro
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Manthena Varma
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Matthew A Cerny
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chester Costales
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Ragu Ramanathan
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - A David Rodrigues
- ADME Sciences, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kim V, Wal TVD, Nishi MY, Montenegro LR, Carrilho FJ, Hoshida Y, Ono SK. Brazilian cohort and genes encoding for drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:575-586. [PMID: 32486903 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2020-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background & aim: Genetic variability in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) genes contributes to the high heterogeneity of drug responses. The present study investigated polymorphisms of ADME genes frequencies and compared the findings with populations from other continents, available in the 1000 Genome Project (1 KGP) and the Exome Aggregation Consortium (ExAC) databases. Methodology & results: We conducted a study of 100 patients in Brazil and a total of 2003 SNPs were evaluated by targeted next-generation sequencing in 148 genes, including Phase I enzymes (n = 50), Phase II enzymes (n = 38) and drug transporters (n = 60). Overall, the distribution of minor allele frequency (MAF) suggests that the distribution of 2003 SNPs is similar between Brazilian cohort, 1 KGP and ExAC; however, we found moderate SNP allele-frequency divergence between Brazilian cohort and both 1000 KGP and ExAC. These differences were observed in several relevant genes including CYP3A4, NAT2 and SLCO1B1. Conclusion: We concluded that the Brazilian population needs clinical assessment of drug treatment based on individual genotype rather than ethnicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vera Kim
- Division of Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil.,Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Thijs van der Wal
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA
| | - Miriam Yumie Nishi
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Luciana Ribeiro Montenegro
- Unidade de Endocrinologia do Desenvolvimento, Disciplina de Endocrinologia e Metabologia do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Flair Jose Carrilho
- Division of Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY 10029, USA.,Liver Tumor Transnational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive & Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Suzane Kioko Ono
- Division of Clinical Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Gastroenterology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05403-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Elmeliegy M, Vourvahis M, Guo C, Wang DD. Effect of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) Inducers on Exposure of P-gp Substrates: Review of Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction Studies. Clin Pharmacokinet 2020; 59:699-714. [PMID: 32052379 PMCID: PMC7292822 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-020-00867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) for investigational agents is important during drug development to assess DDI liability, its clinical relevance, and to determine appropriate DDI management strategies. P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is an efflux transporter that influences the pharmacokinetics (PK) of various compounds. Assessing transporter induction in vitro is challenging and is not always predictive of in vivo effects, and hence there is a need to consider clinical DDI studies; however, there is no clear guidance on when clinical evaluation of transporter induction is required. Furthermore, there is no proposed list of index transporter inducers to be used in clinical studies. This review evaluated DDI studies with known P-gp inducers to better understand the mechanism and site of P-gp induction, as well as the magnitude of induction effect on the exposure of P-gp substrates. Our review indicates that P-gp and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes are co-regulated via the pregnane xenobiotic receptor (PXR) and the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). The magnitude of the decrease in substrate drug exposure by P-gp induction is generally less than that of CYP3A. Most P-gp inducers reduced total bioavailability with a minor impact on renal clearance, despite known expression of P-gp at the apical membrane of the kidney proximal tubules. Rifampin is the most potent P-gp inducer, resulting in an average reduction in substrate exposure ranging between 20 and 67%. For other inducers, the reduction in P-gp substrate exposure ranged from 12 to 42%. A lower reduction in exposure of the P-gp substrate was observed with a lower dose of the inducer and/or if the administration of the inducer and substrate was simultaneous, i.e. not staggered. These findings suggest that clinical evaluation of the impact of P-gp inducers on the PK of investigational agents that are substrates for P-gp might be warranted only for compounds with a relatively steep exposure-efficacy relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elmeliegy
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| | - Manoli Vourvahis
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Cen Guo
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Diane D Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc., 10555 Science Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lehtisalo M, Keskitalo JE, Tornio A, Lapatto-Reiniluoto O, Deng F, Jaatinen T, Viinamäki J, Neuvonen M, Backman JT, Niemi M. Febuxostat, But Not Allopurinol, Markedly Raises the Plasma Concentrations of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate Rosuvastatin. Clin Transl Sci 2020; 13:1236-1243. [PMID: 32453913 PMCID: PMC7719384 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors febuxostat and allopurinol are commonly used in the treatment of gout. Febuxostat inhibits the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) in vitro. Rosuvastatin is a BCRP substrate and genetic variability in BCRP markedly affects rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. In this study, we investigated possible effects of febuxostat and allopurinol on rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. In a randomized crossover study with 3 phases, 10 healthy volunteers ingested once daily placebo for 7 days, 300 mg allopurinol for 7 days, or placebo for 3 days, followed by 120 mg febuxostat for 4 days, and a single 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin on day 6. Febuxostat increased the peak plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve of rosuvastatin 2.1‐fold (90% confidence interval 1.8–2.6; P = 5 × 10−5) and 1.9‐fold (1.5–2.5; P = 0.001), but had no effect on rosuvastatin half‐life or renal clearance. Allopurinol, on the other hand, did not affect rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics. In vitro, febuxostat inhibited the ATP‐dependent uptake of rosuvastatin into BCRP‐overexpressing membrane vesicles with a half‐maximal inhibitory concentration of 0.35 µM, whereas allopurinol showed no inhibition with concentrations up to 200 µM. Taken together, the results suggest that febuxostat increases rosuvastatin exposure by inhibiting its BCRP‐mediated efflux in the small intestine. Febuxostat may, therefore, serve as a useful index inhibitor of BCRP in drug‐drug interaction studies in humans. Moreover, concomitant use of febuxostat may increase the exposure to BCRP substrate drugs and, thus, the risk of dose‐dependent adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Lehtisalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni E Keskitalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Lapatto-Reiniluoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Feng Deng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jenni Viinamäki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tomlinson B, Chan P, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Lam CWK. Pharmacokinetics of current and emerging treatments for hypercholesterolemia. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2020; 16:371-385. [PMID: 32223657 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2020.1749261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Reduction of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and other apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins reduces cardiovascular (CV) events and greater reductions have greater benefits. Current lipid treatments cannot always achieve desirable LDL-C targets and additional or alternative treatments are often needed.Areas covered: In this article, we review the pharmacokinetics of the available and emerging treatments for hypercholesterolemia and focus on recently approved drugs and those at a late stage of development.Expert opinion: Statin pharmacokinetics are well known and appropriate drugs and doses can usually be chosen for individual patients to achieve LDL-C targets and avoid adverse effects and drug-drug interactions. Ezetimibe, icosapent ethyl and the monoclonal antibodies evolocumab and alirocumab have established efficacy and safety. Newer oral agents including pemafibrate and bempedoic acid have generally favorable pharmacokinetics supporting use in a wide range of patients. RNA-based therapies with antisense oligonucleotides are highly specific for their targets and those inhibiting apoB, apoCIII, angiopoietin-like protein 3 and lipoprotein(a) have shown promising results. The small-interfering RNA inclisiran has the notable advantage that a single subcutaneous administration may be effective for up to 6 months. The CV outcome trial results and long term safety data are eagerly awaited for these new agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Tomlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Paul Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Zhang
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Taniguchi T, Zanetti-Yabur A, Wang P, Usyk M, Burk RD, Wolkoff AW. Interindividual Diversity in Expression of Organic Anion Uptake Transporters in Normal and Cirrhotic Human Liver. Hepatol Commun 2020; 4:739-752. [PMID: 32363323 PMCID: PMC7193130 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver plays an essential role in removing endogenous and exogenous compounds from the circulation. This function is mediated by specific transporters, including members of the family of organic anion transport proteins (OATPs) and the Na+-taurocholate transporting polypeptide (NTCP). In the present study, transporter protein expression was determined in liver samples from patients with cirrhosis or controls without liver disease. Five transporters (OATP1A2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, and NTCP) were studied. Transporter content in homogenates of human liver was quantified on western blots probed with transporter-specific antibodies in which a calibrated green fluorescent protein-tagged transporter standard was included. Liver samples from 21 patients with cirrhosis (hepatitis C in 17 and alcohol abuse in 4) and 17 controls without liver disease were analyzed. Expression of each of the transporters had a large spread, varying by an order of magnitude in cirrhotic and control livers. OATP1B1 was the most abundant transporter in controls (P < 0.01) but was significantly lower in cirrhotic livers as was NTCP expression (P < 0.01). There was little difference in transporter expression with respect to age or sex. Despite the large variability in transporter expression within a group, analysis in individuals showed that those with high or low expression of one transporter had a similar magnitude in expression of the others. Conclusion: Differences in transporter expression could explain unanticipated heterogeneity of drug transport and metabolism in individuals with and without liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Taniguchi
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Alana Zanetti-Yabur
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Pijun Wang
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Mykhaylo Usyk
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Robert D Burk
- Department of Pediatrics Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| | - Allan W Wolkoff
- Marion Bessin Liver Research Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Division of Hepatology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY.,Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Malki MA, Pearson ER. Drug-drug-gene interactions and adverse drug reactions. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2019; 20:355-366. [PMID: 31792369 PMCID: PMC7253354 DOI: 10.1038/s41397-019-0122-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The economic and health burden caused by adverse drug reactions has increased dramatically in the last few years. This is likely to be mediated by increasing polypharmacy, which increases the likelihood for drug–drug interactions. Tools utilized by healthcare practitioners to flag potential adverse drug reactions secondary to drug–drug interactions ignore individual genetic variation, which has the potential to markedly alter the severity of these interactions. To date there have been limited published studies on impact of genetic variation on drug–drug interactions. In this review, we establish a detailed classification for pharmacokinetic drug–drug–gene interactions, and give examples from the literature that support this approach. The increasing availability of real-world drug outcome data linked to genetic bioresources is likely to enable the discovery of previously unrecognized, clinically important drug–drug–gene interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Adnan Malki
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Ewan Robert Pearson
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Pan G. Roles of Hepatic Drug Transporters in Drug Disposition and Liver Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:293-340. [PMID: 31571168 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic drug transporters are mainly distributed in parenchymal liver cells (hepatocytes), contributing to drug's liver disposition and elimination. According to their functions, hepatic transporters can be roughly divided into influx and efflux transporters, translocating specific molecules from blood into hepatic cytosol and mediating the excretion of drugs and metabolites from hepatic cytosol to blood or bile, respectively. The function of hepatic transport systems can be affected by interspecies differences and inter-individual variability (polymorphism). In addition, some drugs and disease can redistribute transporters from the cell surface to the intracellular compartments, leading to the changes in the expression and function of transporters. Hepatic drug transporters have been associated with the hepatic toxicity of drugs. Gene polymorphism of transporters and altered transporter expressions and functions due to diseases are found to be susceptible factors for drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In this chapter, the localization of hepatic drug transporters, their regulatory factors, physiological roles, and their roles in drug's liver disposition and DILI are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyu Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Scherf-Clavel O, Kinzig M, Stoffel MS, Fuhr U, Sörgel F. Quantification of adefovir and pitavastatin in human plasma and urine by LC-MS/MS: A useful tool for drug-drug interaction studies. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1125:121718. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.121718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
27
|
Li R, Barton HA. Explaining Ethnic Variability of Transporter Substrate Pharmacokinetics in Healthy Asian and Caucasian Subjects with Allele Frequencies of OATP1B1 and BCRP: A Mechanistic Modeling Analysis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2019; 57:491-503. [PMID: 28653144 PMCID: PMC5856892 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-017-0568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Background Ethnic variability in the pharmacokinetics of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1 substrates has been observed, but its basis is unclear. A previous study hypothesizes that, without applying an intrinsic ethnic variability in transporter activity, allele frequencies of transporters cannot explain observed ethnic variability in pharmacokinetics. However, this hypothesis contradicts the data collected from compounds that are OATP1B1 substrates but not breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) substrates. Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate a hypothesis that is physiologically reasonable and more consistent with clinical observations. Methods We evaluated if allele frequencies of two transporters (OATP1B1 and BCRP) are key contributors to ethnic variability. In this hypothesis, the same genotype leads to the same activity independent of ethnicity, in contrast to the previous hypothesis of intrinsic ethnic variability in OATP1B1 activity. As a validation, we perform mechanistic pharmacokinetic modeling for SLCO1B1 (encoding OATP1B1) and ABCG2 (encoding BCRP) genotyped pharmacokinetic data from 18 clinical studies with healthy Caucasian and/or Asian subjects. Results Simulations based on the current hypothesis reasonably describe SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 genotyped pharmacokinetic time course data for five transporter substrates (atorvastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin, repaglinide, and rosuvastatin) in Caucasian and Asian populations. Conclusion This hypothesis covers the observations that can (e.g., ethnic differences in rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics) or cannot (e.g., lack of differences for pitavastatin pharmacokinetics) be explained by the previous hypothesis. It helps to characterize sources of ethnic variability and provides a foundation for predicting ethnic variability in transporter substrate pharmacokinetics. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40262-017-0568-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Systems Modeling and Simulation, Medicine Design, World Wide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Hugh A Barton
- Translational Modeling and Simulation, Biomedicine Design, World Wide Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cheung KWK, Yoshida K, Cheeti S, Chen B, Morley R, Chan IT, Sahasranaman S, Liu L. GDC-0810 Pharmacokinetics and Transporter-Mediated Drug Interaction Evaluation with an Endogenous Biomarker in the First-in-Human, Dose Escalation Study. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:966-973. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.087924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
|
29
|
Nie Y, Yang J, Liu S, Sun R, Chen H, Long N, Jiang R, Gui C. Genetic polymorphisms of human hepatic OATPs: functional consequences and effect on drug pharmacokinetics. Xenobiotica 2019; 50:297-317. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2019.1629043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingmin Nie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jingjie Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ruiqi Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huihui Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Nan Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunshan Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li R. Estimating In Vivo Fractional Contribution of OATP1B1 to Human Hepatic Active Uptake by Mechanistically Modeling Pharmacogenetic Data. AAPS JOURNAL 2019; 21:69. [DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
31
|
Schulte RR, Ho RH. Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides: Emerging Roles in Cancer Pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:490-506. [PMID: 30782852 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a superfamily of drug transporters involved in the uptake and disposition of a wide array of structurally divergent endogenous and exogenous substrates, including steroid hormones, bile acids, and commonly used drugs, such as anti-infectives, antihypertensives, and cholesterol lowering agents. In the past decade, OATPs, primarily OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3, have emerged as potential mediators of chemotherapy disposition, including drugs such as methotrexate, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan and its important metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, and certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, OATP family members are polymorphic and numerous studies have shown OATP variants to have differential uptake, disposition, and/or pharmacokinetics of numerous drug substrates with important implications for interindividual differences in efficacy and toxicity. Additionally, certain OATPs have been found to be overexpressed in a variety of human solid tumors, including breast, liver, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers, suggesting potential roles for OATPs in tumor development and progression and as novel targets for cancer therapy. This review focuses on the emerging roles for selected OATPs in cancer pharmacology, including preclinical and clinical studies suggesting roles in chemotherapy disposition, the pharmacogenetics of OATPs in cancer therapy, and OATP overexpression in various tumor tissues with implications for OATPs as therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R Schulte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard H Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xue Y, Ma C, Hanna I, Pan G. Intestinal Transporter-Associated Drug Absorption and Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:361-405. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
33
|
Zhang B, Lauschke VM. Genetic variability and population diversity of the human SLCO (OATP) transporter family. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:550-559. [PMID: 30359687 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP) encoded by the SLCO gene family constitute clinically important transporters involved in the disposition of endogenous compounds and many commonly prescribed drugs, including statins, methotrexate and antihypertensive medications. Common genetic polymorphisms in SLCO genes are known to affect OATP function and modulate efficacy and safety of OATP substrates. However, current frequency data of these variants and haplotypes is generally based on few rather heterogenous populations of relatively small sample size. Furthermore, the genetic variability beyond these selected pharmacogenetic biomarkers has not been systematically analyzed. Here, we provide a global consolidated map of SLCO variability by leveraging fully compatible Next Generation Sequencing data from 138,632 unrelated individuals across seven major human populations. Overall, we find 9811 exonic single nucleotide variants and 155 copy number variations of which 99.3% were rare with frequencies <1%. Using orthogonal computational functionality predictors optimized for pharmacogenetic assessments, we find that four out of five individuals carry at least one deleterious variant in an SLCO transporter gene and rare variants contribute 23% to the genetically encoded functional variability. Moreover, 74.9% of all variants were found to be population-specific with important consequences for population-specific genotyping strategies and precision public health approaches. Combined, our analyses provide the most comprehensive data set of SLCO variability published to date and incentivize the integration of comprehensive NGS-based genotyping into personalized predictions of OATP substrate disposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Boyao Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hiratsuka M, Hirasawa N, Oshima Y, Kodama S, Miyata T, Dan T, Takatoku H, Kuribayashi H, Nakamura R, Saito Y. Points-to-consider documents: Scientific information on the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms during non-clinical studies and phase I clinical trials in the Japanese population. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 33:141-149. [PMID: 29703433 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapy shows striking individual differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, involving drug efficacy and adverse reactions. Recent genetic research has revealed that genetic polymorphisms are important intrinsic factors for these inter-individual differences. This pharmacogenomic information could help develop safer and more effective precision pharmacotherapies and thus, regulatory guidance/guidelines were developed in this area, especially in the EU and US. The Project for the Promotion of Progressive Medicine, Medical Devices, and Regenerative Medicine by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, performed by Tohoku University, reported scientific information on the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms, mainly on drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, during non-clinical studies and phase I clinical trials in Japanese subjects/patients. We anticipate that this paper will be helpful in drug development for the regulatory usage of pharmacogenomic information, most notably pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hiratsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Noriyasu Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiteru Oshima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Susumu Kodama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Tokyo, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toshio Miyata
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takashi Dan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiro Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; National Institute of Health Sciences (NIHS), Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Allegra S, Fatiguso G, Calcagno A, Baietto L, Motta I, Favata F, Cusato J, Bonora S, Di Perri G, D'Avolio A. Role of vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms on rifampicin plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:865-880. [PMID: 28594304 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2017-0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM We retrospectively evaluate the pharmacogenetic role of single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in rifampicin transport (SLCO1B1, MDR1 and PXR genes) and vitamin D (VDR, CYP24A1 and CYP27B1 genes) metabolism and activity on drug plasma and intracellular concentrations. PATIENTS & METHODS Rifampicin Cmax and Ctrough were measured at weeks 2 and 4 using Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy methods. Allelic discrimination was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were enrolled. At week 2, OATP1B1 521TT and CYP27B1 +2838CC/CT considering plasma and BsmIAA for intraperipheral blood mononuclear cells Cmax, remained in regression analysis. Concerning week 4, TaqITC/CC and CYP24A1 22776CT/TT were retained in plasma Cmax regression model. CONCLUSION This study confirms the role of SLCO1B1 and it suggests the involvement of vitamin D pathway gene polymorphisms in rifampicin pharmacokinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Allegra
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Fatiguso
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calcagno
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Lorena Baietto
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Ilaria Motta
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Favata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Jessica Cusato
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonora
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Perri
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D'Avolio
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology & Pharmacogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Turin, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Corso Svizzera 164, 10149 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sarasua SM, Li J, Hernandez GT, Ferdinand KC, Tobin JN, Fiscella KA, Jones DW, Sinopoli A, Egan BM. Opportunities for improving cardiovascular health outcomes in adults younger than 65 years with guideline-recommended statin therapy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2017; 19:850-860. [PMID: 28480530 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The impact of age, race/ethnicity, healthcare insurance, and selected clinical variables on statin-preventable ASCVD were quantified in adults aged 21 to 79 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2007-2012 using the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guideline on the treatment of cholesterol. Among ≈42.4 million statin-eligible, untreated adults, 52.6% were hypertensive and 71% were younger than 65 years. Of ≈232 000 statin-preventable ASCVD events annually, most occur in individuals younger than 65 years, with higher proportions in blacks and Hispanics than whites (73.0% and 69.2% vs 56.9%, respectively; P<.01). Among adults younger than 65 years, the ratio of statin-eligible but untreated to statin-treated adults was higher in blacks and Hispanics than whites (3.0 and 2.9 vs 1.3, respectively; P<.01), and blacks, men, hypertensives, and cigarette smokers were more likely to be statin eligible than their statin-ineligible counterparts by multivariable logistic regression. Two thirds of untreated statin-eligible adults had two or more healthcare visits per year. Identifying and treating more statin-eligible adults in the healthcare system could improve cardiovascular health equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Sarasua
- Care Coordination Institute, Greenville, SC, USA.,Clemson University, School of Nursing, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Jiexiang Li
- Department of Mathematics, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - German T Hernandez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Keith C Ferdinand
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jonathan N Tobin
- Clinical Directors Network (CDN), New York, NY, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kevin A Fiscella
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Daniel W Jones
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Angelo Sinopoli
- Care Coordination Institute, Greenville, SC, USA.,University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Brent M Egan
- Care Coordination Institute, Greenville, SC, USA.,University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, Greenville, SC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu HF, Hristeva N, Chang J, Liang X, Li R, Frassetto L, Benet LZ. Rosuvastatin Pharmacokinetics in Asian and White Subjects Wild Type for Both OATP1B1 and BCRP Under Control and Inhibited Conditions. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:2751-2757. [PMID: 28385543 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The Food and Drug Administration recommends rosuvastatin dosage reductions in Asian patients because pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated an approximate 2-fold increase in median exposure to rosuvastatin in Asian subjects compared with Caucasian controls. Yet, no explanation for this ethnic difference has been confirmed. Here we show that rosuvastatin exposure in Asians and Whites does not differ significantly when all subjects are wild-type carriers for both solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 *1a and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 c.421 transporters in a 2-arm, randomized, cross-over rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics study in healthy white and Asian volunteers. For single rosuvastatin doses, AUC0-48 were 92.5 (±36.2) and 83.5 (±32.2) ng/mL × h and Cmax were 10.0 (±4.1) and 7.6 (±3.0) ng/mL for Asians and Whites, respectively. When transporters were inhibited by intravenous rifampin, rosuvastatin AUC0-48 and Cmax also showed no ethnic differences. Our study suggests that both SLCO1B1 and ABCG2 polymorphisms are better predictors of rosuvastatin exposure than ethnicity alone and could be considered in precision medicine dosing of rosuvastatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Nadya Hristeva
- School of Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Jae Chang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Xiaorong Liang
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Ruina Li
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech Inc. South San Francisco, California 94080
| | - Lynda Frassetto
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Disease burden and the role of pharmacogenomics in African populations. GLOBAL HEALTH EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENOMICS 2017; 2:e1. [PMID: 29868213 PMCID: PMC5870420 DOI: 10.1017/gheg.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background The burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa poses a challenge in achieving quality healthcare. Although therapeutic drugs have generally improved health, their efficacy differs from individual to individual. Variability in treatment response is mainly because of genetic variants that affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs. Method The intersection of disease burden and therapeutic intervention is reviewed, and the status of pharmacogenomics knowledge in African populations is explored. Results The most commonly studied variants with pharmacogenomics relevance are discussed, especially in genes coding for enzymes that affect the response to drugs used for HIV, malaria, sickle cell disease and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusions The genetically diverse African population is likely to benefit from a pharmacogenomics-based healthcare approach, especially with respect to reduction of drug side effects, and separation of responders and non-responders leading to optimized drug choices and doses for each patient.
Collapse
|
39
|
Lee HH, Ho RH. Interindividual and interethnic variability in drug disposition: polymorphisms in organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1; SLCO1B1). Br J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 83:1176-1184. [PMID: 27936281 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) is predominantly expressed at the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and is critically important for the hepatic uptake and clearance of numerous drug substrates and endogenous compounds. In general, the organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP; SLCO) represent a superfamily of uptake transporters that mediate the sodium-independent transport of a diverse range of amphipathic organic compounds including bile salts, steroid conjugates, thyroid hormones, anionic peptides, numerous drugs and other xenobiotic substances. OATP1B1 is highly polymorphic and a number of relevant and ethnically dependent polymorphisms have been identified and functionally characterized. In particular, the SLCO1B1 521T>C and 388A>G polymorphisms are commonly occurring variants in ethnically diverse populations and numerous in vitro and clinical studies have evaluated the consequences of these variants to interindividual differences in drug disposition and response. OATP1B1 is particularly important for the disposition of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, or statins, as it is known to efficiently transport most statins to their site of action within hepatocytes. Many studies have focused on the consequences of OATP1B1 variants to statin disposition in vitro and in vivo and would suggest that genetic variability in SLCO1B1 has important implications for statin pharmacokinetics, risk for statin-induced myopathy, and modulation of statin treatment response. This review describes what is currently known regarding SLCO1B1 genotype, OATP1B1 protein expression and interindividual and interethnic consequences to drug disposition, with particular focus on statin pharmacokinetics and implications for drug response and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah H Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard H Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mooij MG, Nies AT, Knibbe CAJ, Schaeffeler E, Tibboel D, Schwab M, de Wildt SN. Development of Human Membrane Transporters: Drug Disposition and Pharmacogenetics. Clin Pharmacokinet 2016; 55:507-24. [PMID: 26410689 PMCID: PMC4823323 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-015-0328-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Membrane transporters play an essential role in the transport of endogenous and exogenous compounds, and consequently they mediate the uptake, distribution, and excretion of many drugs. The clinical relevance of transporters in drug disposition and their effect in adults have been shown in drug–drug interaction and pharmacogenomic studies. Little is known, however, about the ontogeny of human membrane transporters and their roles in pediatric pharmacotherapy. As they are involved in the transport of endogenous substrates, growth and development may be important determinants of their expression and activity. This review presents an overview of our current knowledge on human membrane transporters in pediatric drug disposition and effect. Existing pharmacokinetic and pharmacogenetic data on membrane substrate drugs frequently used in children are presented and related, where possible, to existing ex vivo data, providing a basis for developmental patterns for individual human membrane transporters. As data for individual transporters are currently still scarce, there is a striking information gap regarding the role of human membrane transporters in drug therapy in children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam G Mooij
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sp-3458, Wytemaweg 80, PO-box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne T Nies
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Catherijne A J Knibbe
- Faculty of Science, Leiden Academic Centre for Research, Pharmacology, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Hospital Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Schaeffeler
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Dick Tibboel
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sp-3458, Wytemaweg 80, PO-box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Room Sp-3458, Wytemaweg 80, PO-box 2060, 3000 CB, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen S, Sutiman N, Zhang CZ, Yu Y, Lam S, Khor CC, Chowbay B. Pharmacogenetics of irinotecan, doxorubicin and docetaxel transporters in Asian and Caucasian cancer patients: a comparative review. Drug Metab Rev 2016; 48:502-540. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2016.1226896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
42
|
Burt HJ, Riedmaier AE, Harwood MD, Crewe HK, Gill KL, Neuhoff S. Abundance of Hepatic Transporters in Caucasians: A Meta-Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:1550-61. [PMID: 27493152 PMCID: PMC5034697 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to derive quantitative abundance values for key hepatic transporters suitable for in vitro–in vivo extrapolation within a physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling framework. A meta-analysis was performed whereby data on abundance measurements, sample preparation methods, and donor demography were collated from the literature. To define values for a healthy Caucasian population, a subdatabase was created whereby exclusion criteria were applied to remove samples from non-Caucasian individuals, those with underlying disease, or those with subcellular fractions other than crude membrane. Where a clinically relevant active genotype was known, only samples from individuals with an extensive transporter phenotype were included. Authors were contacted directly when additional information was required. After removing duplicated samples, the weighted mean, geometric mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and between-study homogeneity of transporter abundances were determined. From the complete database containing 24 transporters, suitable abundance data were available for 11 hepatic transporters from nine studies after exclusion criteria were applied. Organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 showed the highest population abundance in healthy adult Caucasians. For several transporters, the variability in abundance was reduced significantly once the exclusion criteria were applied. The highest variability was observed for OATP1B3 > OATP1B1 > multidrug resistance protein 2 > multidrug resistance gene 1. No relationship was found between transporter expression and donor age. To our knowledge, this study provides the first in-depth analysis of current quantitative abundance data for a wide range of hepatic transporters, with the aim of using these data for in vitro–in vivo extrapolation, and highlights the significance of investigating the background of tissue(s) used in quantitative transporter proteomic studies. Similar studies are now warranted for other ethnicities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Burt
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - H Kim Crewe
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sibylle Neuhoff
- Simcyp Limited (a Certara Company), Sheffield, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Momper JD, Tsunoda SM, Ma JD. Evaluation of Proposed In Vivo Probe Substrates and Inhibitors for Phenotyping Transporter Activity in Humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56 Suppl 7:S82-98. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah D. Momper
- University of California, San Diego; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Shirley M. Tsunoda
- University of California, San Diego; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; La Jolla CA USA
| | - Joseph D. Ma
- University of California, San Diego; Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences; La Jolla CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Varma MV, El-Kattan AF. Transporter-Enzyme Interplay: Deconvoluting Effects of Hepatic Transporters and Enzymes on Drug Disposition Using Static and Dynamic Mechanistic Models. J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 56 Suppl 7:S99-S109. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manthena V. Varma
- Pharmacokinetics; Dynamics and Metabolism; Worldwide Research and Development; Pfizer Inc; Groton CT USA
| | - Ayman F. El-Kattan
- Pharmacokinetics; Dynamics and Metabolism; Worldwide Research and Development; Pfizer Inc; Cambridge MA USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Mpeta B, Kampira E, Castel S, Mpye KL, Soko ND, Wiesner L, Smith P, Skelton M, Lacerda M, Dandara C. Differences in genetic variants in lopinavir disposition among HIV-infected Bantu Africans. Pharmacogenomics 2016; 17:679-90. [PMID: 27142945 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.16.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Variability in lopinavir (LPV) plasma concentration among patients could be due to genetic polymorphisms. This study set to evaluate significance of variants in CYP3A4/5, SLCO1B1 and ABCC2 on LPV plasma concentration among African HIV-positive patients. MATERIALS & METHODS Eighty-six HIV-positive participants on ritonavir (LPV/r) were genetically characterized and LPV plasma concentration determined. RESULTS & DISCUSSION LPV plasma concentrations differed >188-fold (range 0.0206-38.6 µg/ml). Both CYP3A4*22 and SLCO1B1 rs4149056G (c.521C) were not observed in this cohort. CYP3A4*1B, CYP3A5*3, CYP3A5*6 and ABCC2 c.1249G>A which have been associated with LPV plasma concentration, showed no significant association. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the need to include African groups in genomics research to identify variants of pharmacogenomics significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bafokeng Mpeta
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology (formerly Clinical Laboratory Sciences) & Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth Kampira
- Malawi College of Health Sciences, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Sandra Castel
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Keleabetswe L Mpye
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology (formerly Clinical Laboratory Sciences) & Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nyarai D Soko
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology (formerly Clinical Laboratory Sciences) & Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter Smith
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michelle Skelton
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology (formerly Clinical Laboratory Sciences) & Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Lacerda
- Department of Statistical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology (formerly Clinical Laboratory Sciences) & Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Pu J, Romanelli R, Zhao B, Azar KMJ, Hastings KG, Nimbal V, Fortmann SP, Palaniappan LP. Dyslipidemia in Special Ethnic Populations. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2016; 45:205-16. [PMID: 26893006 PMCID: PMC7251984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2015.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews racial/ethnic differences in dyslipidemia-prevalence of dyslipidemia, its relation to coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality rates, response to lipid-lowering agents, and lifestyle modification. Asian Indians, Filipinos, and Hispanics are at higher risk for dyslipidemia, which is consistent with the higher CHD mortality rates in these groups. Statins may have greater efficacy for Asians, but the data are mixed. Lifestyle modifications are recommended. Culturally-tailored prevention and intervention should be provided to the minority populations with elevated risk for dyslipidemia and considerably more research is needed to determine the best approaches to helping specific subgroups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Pu
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Ames Building, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA.
| | - Robert Romanelli
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Ames Building, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Beinan Zhao
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Ames Building, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Kristen M J Azar
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Ames Building, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Katherine G Hastings
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vani Nimbal
- Palo Alto Medical Foundation Research Institute, Ames Building, 795 El Camino Real, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA
| | - Stephen P Fortmann
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, 3800 North Interstate Avenue, Portland, OR 97227, USA
| | - Latha P Palaniappan
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 1265 Welch Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cárdenas-Rojas MI, Delgado-Enciso I, Baltazar-Rodríguez LM, Guzmán-Esquivel J, Ramírez-Flores M. Effects of the SLCO1B1 *1 and SLCO1B1 *5 polymorphisms on IL-6 and IL-10 levels in patients under pravastatin treatment prior to inguinal hernia repair. Int J Surg 2016; 27:105-109. [PMID: 26826613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different genetic variants in the SLCO1B1 gene have been shown to have functional importance in individual variability in pravastatin pharmacokinetics, resulting in different inflammatory responses to surgical inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to determine IL-6 and IL-10 serum concentrations in the presence and absence of the SLCO1B1*1 and SLCO1B1*5 polymorphisms in patients under pravastatin treatment that underwent inguinal hernia repair. METHODS The study included 26 subjects that were under pravastatin treatment (40 mg/day) at least 1 month prior to inguinal hernia repair open technique. All the subjects were genotyped for the SLCO1B1*1 and SLCO1B1*5 polymorphisms through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and their preoperative and postoperative serum IL-6 and IL-10 levels were quantified through the ELISA technique. The IL-6 and IL-10 levels were analyzed in the presence or absence of the mutated polymorphism for SLCO1B1*1 and SLCO1B1*5. RESULTS The SLCO1B1*1 polymorphism had a frequency of 38.5% and the SLCO1B1*5 polymorphism had a frequency of 19.2%. The preoperative and postoperative serum concentrations of IL-6 were 0.252 pg/ml ± 0.19 and 0.206 pg/ml ± 0.20, respectively, with a p = 0.525, whereas the preoperative and postoperative serum concentrations for IL-10 were 4.943 pg/ml ± 3.13 and 4.611 pg/ml ± 3.01, respectively, with a p = 0.004. CONCLUSIONS The patients under pravastatin treatment presented with lower postoperative IL-10 levels with respect to the baseline concentration (p = 0.004), regardless of the presence or absence of the two polymorphisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mario Ramírez-Flores
- Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Medhasi S, Pasomsub E, Vanwong N, Ngamsamut N, Puangpetch A, Chamnanphon M, Hongkaew Y, Limsila P, Pinthong D, Sukasem C. Clinically relevant genetic variants of drug-metabolizing enzyme and transporter genes detected in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:843-51. [PMID: 27110117 PMCID: PMC4835132 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s101580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) influence the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs and exhibit intra- and interethnic variations in drug response in terms of efficacy and safety profile. The main objective of this study was to assess the frequency of allelic variants of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination-related genes in Thai children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Blood samples were drawn from 119 patients, and DNA was extracted. Genotyping was performed using the DMET Plus microarray platform. The allele frequencies of the DMET markers were generated using the DMET Console software. Thereafter, the genetic variations of significant DMET genes were assessed. The frequencies of SNPs across the genes coding for DMETs were determined. After filtering the SNPs, 489 of the 1,931 SNPs passed quality control. Many clinically relevant SNPs, including CYP2C19*2, CYP2D6*10, CYP3A5*3, and SLCO1B1*5, were found to have frequencies similar to those in the Chinese population. These data are important for further research to investigate the interpatient variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadeep Medhasi
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ekawat Pasomsub
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natchaya Vanwong
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nattawat Ngamsamut
- Yuwaprasart Waithayopathum Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Mental Health Services, Ministry of Public Health, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
| | - Apichaya Puangpetch
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Montri Chamnanphon
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yaowaluck Hongkaew
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Penkhae Limsila
- Yuwaprasart Waithayopathum Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Mental Health Services, Ministry of Public Health, Samut Prakarn, Thailand
| | - Darawan Pinthong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chonlaphat Sukasem
- Division of Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory for Pharmacogenomics, Somdech Phra Debaratana Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Howard JT, O’Nan AT, Maltecca C, Baynes RE, Ashwell MS. Differential Gene Expression across Breed and Sex in Commercial Pigs Administered Fenbendazole and Flunixin Meglumine. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137830. [PMID: 26366864 PMCID: PMC4569569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the variability in transcript levels across breeds and sex in swine for genes that play a role in drug metabolism may shed light on breed and sex differences in drug metabolism. The objective of the study is to determine if there is heterogeneity between swine breeds and sex in transcript levels for genes previously shown to play a role in drug metabolism for animals administered flunixin meglumine or fenbendazole. Crossbred nursery female and castrated male pigs (n = 169) spread across 5 groups were utilized. Sires (n = 15) of the pigs were purebred Duroc, Landrace, Yorkshire or Hampshire boars mated to a common sow population. Animals were randomly placed into the following treatments: no drug (control), flunixin meglumine, or fenbendazole. One hour after the second dosing, animals were sacrificed and liver samples collected. Quantitative Real-Time PCR was used to measure liver gene expression of the following genes: SULT1A1, ABCB1, CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP3A22 and CYP3A29. The control animals were used to investigate baseline transcript level differences across breed and sex. Post drug administration transcript differences across breed and sex were investigated by comparing animals administered the drug to the controls. Contrasts to determine fold change were constructed from a model that included fixed and random effects within each drug. Significant (P-value <0.007) basal transcript differences were found across breeds for SULT1A1, CYP3A29 and CYP3A22. Across drugs, significant (P-value <0.0038) transcript differences existed between animals given a drug and controls across breeds and sex for ABCB1, PS and CYP1A2. Significant (P <0.0038) transcript differences across breeds were found for CYP2E1 and SULT1A1 for flunixin meglumine and fenbendazole, respectively. The current analysis found transcript level differences across swine breeds and sex for multiple genes, which provides greater insight into the relationship between flunixin meglumine and fenbendazole and known drug metabolizing genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy T. Howard
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Audrey T. O’Nan
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Christian Maltecca
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Ronald E. Baynes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, Center for Chemical Toxicology and Research Pharmacokinetics, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Melissa S. Ashwell
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Many of the compounds taken up by the liver are organic anions that circulate tightly bound to protein carriers such as albumin. The fenestrated sinusoidal endothelium of the liver permits these compounds to have access to hepatocytes. Studies to characterize hepatic uptake of organic anions through kinetic analyses, suggested that it was carrier-mediated. Attempts to identify specific transporters by biochemical approaches were largely unsuccessful and were replaced by studies that utilized expression cloning. These studies led to identification of the organic anion transport proteins (oatps), a family of 12 transmembrane domain glycoproteins that have broad and often overlapping substrate specificities. The oatps mediate Na(+)-independent organic anion uptake. Other studies identified a seven transmembrane domain glycoprotein, Na(+)/taurocholate transporting protein (ntcp) as mediating Na(+)-dependent uptake of bile acids as well as other organic anions. Although mutations or deficiencies of specific members of the oatp family have been associated with transport abnormalities, there have been no such reports for ntcp, and its physiologic role remains to be determined, although expression of ntcp in vitro recapitulates the characteristics of Na(+)-dependent bile acid transport that is seen in vivo. Both ntcp and oatps traffic between the cell surface and intracellular vesicular pools. These vesicles move through the cell on microtubules, using the microtubule based motors dynein and kinesins. Factors that regulate this motility are under study and may provide a unique mechanism that can alter the plasma membrane content of these transporters and consequently their accessibility to circulating ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allan W Wolkoff
- The Herman Lopata Chair in Liver Disease Research, Professor of Medicine and Anatomy and Structural Biology, Associate Chair of Medicine for Research, Chief, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Director, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| |
Collapse
|