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Oude Elferink R, Van De Graaf SFJ. Bile Salts by the Back Road. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023:S2352-345X(23)00068-1. [PMID: 37244292 PMCID: PMC10394266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Research Institute AGEM, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Stan F J Van De Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam UMC, Research Institute AGEM, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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2
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Role of Hepatocyte Transporters in Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI)-In Vitro Testing. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010029. [PMID: 36678658 PMCID: PMC9866820 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids and bile salts (BA/BS) are substrates of both influx and efflux transporters on hepatocytes. Canalicular efflux transporters, such as BSEP and MRP2, are crucial for the removal of BA/BS to the bile. Basolateral influx transporters, such as NTCP, OATP1B1/1B3, and OSTα/β, cooperate with canalicular transporters in the transcellular vectorial flux of BA/BS from the sinusoids to the bile. The blockage of canalicular transporters not only impairs the bile flow but also causes the intracellular accumulation of BA/BS in hepatocytes that contributes to, or even triggers, liver injury. In the case of BA/BS overload, the efflux of these toxic substances back to the blood via MRP3, MRP4, and OST α/β is considered a relief function. FXR, a key regulator of defense against BA/BS toxicity suppresses de novo bile acid synthesis and bile acid uptake, and promotes bile acid removal via increased efflux. In drug development, the early testing of the inhibition of these transporters, BSEP in particular, is important to flag compounds that could potentially inflict drug-induced liver injury (DILI). In vitro test systems for efflux transporters employ membrane vesicles, whereas those for influx transporters employ whole cells. Additional in vitro pharmaceutical testing panels usually include cellular toxicity tests using hepatocytes, as well as assessments of the mitochondrial toxicity and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Primary hepatocytes are the cells of choice for toxicity testing, with HepaRG cells emerging as an alternative. Inhibition of the FXR function is also included in some testing panels. The molecular weight and hydrophobicity of the drug, as well as the steady-state total plasma levels, may positively correlate with the DILI potential. Depending on the phase of drug development, the physicochemical properties, dosing, and cut-off values of BSEP IC50 ≤ 25-50 µM or total Css,plasma/BSEP IC50 ≥ 0.1 may be an indication for further testing to minimize the risk of DILI liability.
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3
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Diener C, Dai CL, Wilmanski T, Baloni P, Smith B, Rappaport N, Hood L, Magis AT, Gibbons SM. Genome-microbiome interplay provides insight into the determinants of the human blood metabolome. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1560-1572. [PMID: 36357685 PMCID: PMC9691620 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00670-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Variation in the blood metabolome is intimately related to human health. However, few details are known about the interplay between genetics and the microbiome in explaining this variation on a metabolite-by-metabolite level. Here, we perform analyses of variance for each of 930 blood metabolites robustly detected across a cohort of 1,569 individuals with paired genomic and microbiome data while controlling for a number of relevant covariates. We find that 595 (64%) of these blood metabolites are significantly associated with either host genetics or the gut microbiome, with 69% of these associations driven solely by the microbiome, 15% driven solely by genetics and 16% under hybrid genome-microbiome control. Additionally, interaction effects, where a metabolite-microbe association is specific to a particular genetic background, are quite common, albeit with modest effect sizes. This knowledge will help to guide targeted interventions designed to alter the composition of the human blood metabolome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brett Smith
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sean M Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Association Study of SLCO1B3 and ABCC3 Genetic Variants in Gallstone Disease. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13030512. [PMID: 35328066 PMCID: PMC8951115 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that gallstone formation may be genetically determined. Recent studies have shown that polymorphism of genes encoding proteins involved in bile acid transport may be associated with the risk of gallstone disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between SLCO1B3 (rs4149117:G>T, rs7311358:A>G) and ABCC3 (rs4793665:T>C, rs11568591:G>A) genetic variants and susceptibility to cholesterol gallstone disease, as well as gallstone composition. The study included 317 patients suffering from cholelithiasis who underwent cholecystostomy and 249 controls with no evidence of stones, confirmed by ultrasound examination. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of studied gene polymorphisms between patients with gallstone disease and healthy controls. No significant associations were observed between studied genotypes and the content of analyzed gallstone components: total cholesterol, bilirubin, CaCO3, nor the total bile acids. There was also no association between bile acid content in gallstones and the polymorphisms studied. The results of this study suggest that polymorphisms of SLCO1B3 and ABCC3 genes are not a valuable marker of gallstone disease susceptibility and do not influence gallstone composition.
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Silveira AMR, Duarte GHB, Fernandes AMADP, Garcia PHD, Vieira NR, Antonio MA, Carvalho PDO. Serum Predose Metabolic Profiling for Prediction of Rosuvastatin Pharmacokinetic Parameters in Healthy Volunteers. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752960. [PMID: 34867363 PMCID: PMC8633954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosuvastatin is a well-known lipid-lowering agent generally used for hypercholesterolemia treatment and coronary artery disease prevention. There is a substantial inter-individual variability in the absorption of statins usually caused by genetic polymorphisms leading to a variation in the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters, which may affect drug therapy safety and efficacy. Therefore, the investigation of metabolic markers associated with rosuvastatin inter-individual variability is exceedingly relevant for drug therapy optimization and minimizing side effects. This work describes the application of pharmacometabolomic strategies using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to investigate endogenous plasma metabolites capable of predicting pharmacokinetic parameters in predose samples. First, a targeted method for the determination of plasma concentration levels of rosuvastatin was validated and applied to obtain the pharmacokinetic parameters from 40 enrolled individuals; then, predose samples were analyzed using a metabolomic approach to search for associations between endogenous metabolites and the corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. Data processing using machine learning revealed some candidates including sterols and bile acids, carboxylated metabolites, and lipids, suggesting the approach herein described as promising for personalized drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nelson Rogerio Vieira
- Integrated Unit of Pharmacology and Gastroenterology (UNIFAG), São Francisco University-USF, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
| | - Marcia Aparecida Antonio
- Integrated Unit of Pharmacology and Gastroenterology (UNIFAG), São Francisco University-USF, Bragança Paulista, Brazil
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6
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Dosedělová V, Itterheimová P, Kubáň P. Analysis of bile acids in human biological samples by microcolumn separation techniques: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 42:68-85. [PMID: 32645223 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are a group of compounds essential for lipid digestion and absorption with a steroid skeleton and a carboxylate side chain usually conjugated to glycine or taurine. Bile acids are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes and can be used as biomarkers of various disorders. Since the middle of the twentieth century, the detection of bile acids has evolved from simple qualitative analysis to accurate quantification in complicated mixtures. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. This article overviews the literature from the last two decades (2000-2020) and focuses on bile acid analysis in various human biological samples. The methods for sample preparation, including the sample treatment of conventional (blood plasma, blood serum, and urine) and unconventional samples (bile, saliva, duodenal/gastric juice, feces, etc.) are shortly discussed. Eventually, the focus is on novel analytical approaches and methods for each particular biological sample, providing an overview of the microcolumn separation techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and capillary electrophoresis, used in their analysis. This is followed by a discussion on selected clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Věra Dosedělová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Itterheimová
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, CEITEC Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kubáň
- Department of Bioanalytical Instrumentation, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic
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7
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Mechanistic examination of methimazole-induced hepatotoxicity in patients with Grave’s disease: a metabolomic approach. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:231-244. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02618-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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8
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Lin PID, Cardenas A, Hauser R, Gold DR, Kleinman KP, Hivert MF, Fleisch AF, Calafat AM, Webster TF, Horton ES, Oken E. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and blood lipid levels in pre-diabetic adults-longitudinal analysis of the diabetes prevention program outcomes study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 129:343-353. [PMID: 31150976 PMCID: PMC6570418 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may interfere with lipid regulation. However, most previous studies were cross-sectional with the risk of reverse causation, suggesting a need for long-term prospective studies. We examined the relationship of baseline plasma PFAS concentrations with repeated measures of blood lipids. We included 888 prediabetic adults from the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) and DPP Outcomes Study, who had measurements of 6 plasma PFAS concentrations at baseline (1996-1999) and repeated measures of blood lipids over 15 years of follow-up, and were initially randomized to placebo or a lifestyle intervention. We used linear regression to examine cross-sectional associations of PFAS concentrations and lipid levels at baseline, and evaluated prospective risks of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia using Cox proportional hazard models, and tested for effect modification by study arm. Participants (65.9% female, 57.0% White, 65.9% aged 40-59 years) had comparable PFAS concentrations [e.g., median (IQR) perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) 4.9 ng/mL (3.2)] with the general U.S. population in 1999-2000. We observed higher total cholesterol at baseline per doubling of PFOA (β: 6.1 mg/dL, 95% CI: 3.1, 9.04), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS, β: 2.2 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.2, 4.3), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA, β: 2.9 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.7, 5.0). Prospectively, baseline concentrations of several PFASs, including PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS and PFNA, predicted higher risks of incident hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, but only in the placebo group and not the lifestyle intervention group. For example, participants in the placebo group with PFOA concentration > median (4.9 ng/mL) were almost twice as likely (HR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.25, 2.88) to develop hypertriglyceridemia compared to those ≤median. Findings suggest adverse effects of some PFASs on lipid profiles in prediabetic adults. However, the detrimental effect was attenuated with a lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pi-I D Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Diane R Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken P Kleinman
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abby F Fleisch
- Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Maine Medical Center, Portland, ME, USA; Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Portland, ME, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thomas F Webster
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward S Horton
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
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9
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Dutta M, Cai J, Gui W, Patterson AD. A review of analytical platforms for accurate bile acid measurement. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:4541-4549. [PMID: 31127337 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01890-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids are acidic steroids which help in lipid absorption, act as signaling molecules, and are key intermediate molecules between host and gut microbial metabolism. Perturbations in the circulating bile acid pool can lead to dysregulated metabolic and immunological function which may be associated with liver and intestinal disease. Bile acids have chemically diverse structures and are present in a broad range of concentrations in a wide variety of samples with complex biological matrices. Advanced analytical methods are therefore required to identify and accurately quantify individual bile acids. Though enzymatic determination of total bile acid is most popular in clinical laboratories, these methods provide limited information about individual bile acids. Advanced analytical methods such as gas chromatography- and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy are highly informative techniques which help in identification and quantification of individual bile acids in complex biological matrices. Here, we review the detection technologies currently used for bile acid identification and quantification. We further discuss the advantages and disadvantages of these analytical techniques with respect to sensitivity, specificity, robustness, and ease of use. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mainak Dutta
- Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Dubai Campus, Dubai International Academic City, Dubai, UAE
| | - Jingwei Cai
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 322 Life Sciences Building, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Wei Gui
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 322 Life Sciences Building, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, 322 Life Sciences Building, University Park, State College, PA, 16802, USA.
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10
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Yee SW, Giacomini MM, Shen H, Humphreys WG, Horng H, Brian W, Lai Y, Kroetz DL, Giacomini KM. Organic Anion Transporter Polypeptide 1B1 Polymorphism Modulates the Extent of Drug-Drug Interaction and Associated Biomarker Levels in Healthy Volunteers. Clin Transl Sci 2019; 12:388-399. [PMID: 30982223 PMCID: PMC6662551 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding transporter‐mediated drug–drug interactions is an integral part of risk assessment in drug development. Recent studies support the use of hexadecanedioate (HDA), tetradecanedioate (TDA), coproporphyrin (CP)‐I, and CP‐III as clinical biomarkers for evaluating organic anion‐transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1 (SLCO1B1) inhibition. The current study investigated the effect of OATP1B1 genotype c.521T>C (OATP1B1‐Val174Ala) on the extent of interaction between cyclosporin A (CsA) and pravastatin, and associated endogenous biomarkers of the transporter (HDA, TDA, CP‐I, and CP‐III), in 20 healthy volunteers. The results show that the levels of each clinical biomarker and pravastatin were significantly increased in plasma samples of the volunteers following administration of pravastatin plus CsA compared with pravastatin plus placebo. The overall fold change in the area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was similar among the four biomarkers (1.8–2.5‐fold, paired t‐test P value < 0.05) in individuals who were homozygotes or heterozygotes of the major allele, c.521T. However, the fold change in AUC and Cmax for HDA and TDA was significantly abolished in the subjects who were c.521‐CC, whereas the respective fold change in AUC and Cmax for pravastatin and CP‐I and CP‐III were slightly weaker in individuals who were c.521‐CC compared with c.521‐TT/TC genotypes. In addition, this study provides the first evidence that SLCO1B1 c.521T>C genotype is significantly associated with CP‐I but not CP‐III levels. Overall, these results suggest that OATP1B1 genotype can modulate the effects of CsA on biomarker levels; the extent of modulation differs among the biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marilyn M Giacomini
- Drug Metabolism Department, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - W Griffith Humphreys
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | - Howard Horng
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - William Brian
- Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi-Aventis, Great Valley, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism Department, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Deanna L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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11
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Schulte RR, Ho RH. Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides: Emerging Roles in Cancer Pharmacology. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:490-506. [PMID: 30782852 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a superfamily of drug transporters involved in the uptake and disposition of a wide array of structurally divergent endogenous and exogenous substrates, including steroid hormones, bile acids, and commonly used drugs, such as anti-infectives, antihypertensives, and cholesterol lowering agents. In the past decade, OATPs, primarily OATP1A2, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3, have emerged as potential mediators of chemotherapy disposition, including drugs such as methotrexate, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan and its important metabolite 7-ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin, and certain tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Furthermore, OATP family members are polymorphic and numerous studies have shown OATP variants to have differential uptake, disposition, and/or pharmacokinetics of numerous drug substrates with important implications for interindividual differences in efficacy and toxicity. Additionally, certain OATPs have been found to be overexpressed in a variety of human solid tumors, including breast, liver, colon, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers, suggesting potential roles for OATPs in tumor development and progression and as novel targets for cancer therapy. This review focuses on the emerging roles for selected OATPs in cancer pharmacology, including preclinical and clinical studies suggesting roles in chemotherapy disposition, the pharmacogenetics of OATPs in cancer therapy, and OATP overexpression in various tumor tissues with implications for OATPs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael R Schulte
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Richard H Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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12
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Müller F, Sharma A, König J, Fromm MF. Biomarkers for In Vivo Assessment of Transporter Function. Pharmacol Rev 2018; 70:246-277. [PMID: 29487084 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions are a major concern not only during clinical practice, but also in drug development. Due to limitations of in vitro-in vivo predictions of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, multiple clinical Phase I drug-drug interaction studies may become necessary for a new molecular entity to assess potential drug interaction liabilities. This is a resource-intensive process and exposes study participants, who frequently are healthy volunteers without benefit from study treatment, to the potential risks of a new drug in development. Therefore, there is currently a major interest in new approaches for better prediction of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. In particular, researchers in the field attempt to identify endogenous compounds as biomarkers for transporter function, such as hexadecanedioate, tetradecanedioate, coproporphyrins I and III, or glycochenodeoxycholate sulfate for hepatic uptake via organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B or N1-methylnicotinamide for multidrug and toxin extrusion protein-mediated renal secretion. We summarize in this review the currently proposed biomarkers and potential limitations of the substances identified to date. Moreover, we suggest criteria based on current experiences, which may be used to assess the suitability of a biomarker for transporter function. Finally, further alternatives and supplemental approaches to classic drug-drug interaction studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Müller
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
| | - Martin F Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany (F.M., J.K., M.F.F.); and Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach a.d. Riß, Germany (F.M., A.S.)
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13
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Chu X, Liao M, Shen H, Yoshida K, Zur AA, Arya V, Galetin A, Giacomini KM, Hanna I, Kusuhara H, Lai Y, Rodrigues D, Sugiyama Y, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Zhang L. Clinical Probes and Endogenous Biomarkers as Substrates for Transporter Drug-Drug Interaction Evaluation: Perspectives From the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:836-864. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism; Merck & Co., Inc; Kenilworth New Jersey USA
| | - Mingxiang Liao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Clovis Oncology, Inc.; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Princeton New Jersey USA
| | - Kenta Yoshida
- Clinical Pharmacology; Genentech Research and Early Development; South San Francisco California USA
| | | | - Vikram Arya
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology IV; Office of Clinical Pharmacology; Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research; School of Health Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Kathleen M. Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences; Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine; University of California; San Francisco California USA
| | - Imad Hanna
- Pharmacokinetic Sciences; Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research; East Hanover New Jersey USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism; Gilead Science, Inc.; Foster City California USA
| | - David Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, & Metabolism; Medicine Design; Pfizer Inc.; Groton Connecticut USA
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory; RIKEN Baton Zone Program, Cluster for Science; RIKEN; Yokohama Japan
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards; Office of Generic Drugs; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research; Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
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14
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Wu X, Gong C, Weinstock J, Cheng J, Hu S, Venners SA, Hsu YH, Wu S, Zha X, Jiang S, Li Y, Pan F, Xu X. Associations of the SLCO1B1 Polymorphisms With Hepatic Function, Baseline Lipid Levels, and Lipid-lowering Response to Simvastatin in Patients With Hyperlipidemia. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2018; 24:240S-247S. [PMID: 30336686 PMCID: PMC6714829 DOI: 10.1177/1076029618805863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to examine the associations of the 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms in
the solute carrier organic anion transporter 1B1 (SLCO1B1) gene with hepatic function,
baseline lipid levels, and the lipid-lowering efficiency of simvastatin. We recruited 542
patients with hyperlipidemia. The 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms were genotyped.
Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), Serum triglyceride
(TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured before and after an oral
20-mg dose of simvastatin. Individuals with the 388AA genotype had higher ALT and AST
levels than those with the 388AG or 388GG genotypes (P = .037 and P = .002, respectively).
Individuals with both the 388AA and the 521TT genotypes had the highest levels of ALT and
AST (P = .001 and P = .001, respectively). Moreover, we divided all patients into normal
and abnormal subgroups based on elevated ALT and AST values (≥ 40 U/L), participants in
the abnormal subgroup had a higher frequency of the 388A/521T haplotype and a lower
frequency of the 388G/521T haplotype compared to those in the normal subgroup. In
addition, compared to 388G allele and 521C allele carriers, individuals with the 388G
allele and 521TT genotype carriers had greater TC and LDL-C reduction in response to
simvastatin after 4 weeks of treatment. Our conclusion suggests that the interaction
between the SLCO1B1 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms could be an important genetic
determinant of hepatic function and the therapeutic efficiency of simvastatin in Chinese
patients with hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Chen Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Justin Weinstock
- Department of Statistics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jun Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shengnan Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Scott A Venners
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yi-Hsiang Hsu
- Institute for Aging Research, HSL and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suwen Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiangdong Zha
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shanqun Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China.,Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Faming Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiping Xu
- Institute of Biomedicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Renal Division, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, National Clinical Research Study Center for Kidney Disease, State Key Laboratory for Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Human OATP1B1 (SLCO1B1) transports sulfated bile acids and bile salts with particular efficiency. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 52:189-194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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16
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Hoosain N, Pearce B, Jacobs C, Benjeddou M. Mapping SLCO1B1 Genetic Variation for Global Precision Medicine in Understudied Regions in Africa: A Focus on Zulu and Cape Admixed Populations. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2018; 20:546-54. [PMID: 27631194 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The U.S. President Barack Obama has announced, in his State of the Union address on January 20, 2015, the Precision Medicine Initiative, a US$215-million program. For global precision medicine to become a reality, however, biological and environmental "variome" in previously understudied populations ought to be mapped and catalogued. Chief among the molecular targets that warrant global mapping is the organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1), encoded by solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1), a hepatic uptake transporter predominantly expressed in the basolateral side of hepatocytes. Human OATP1B1 plays a crucial role in the transport of a wide variety of substrates. This includes endogenous compounds such as bile salts as well as medicines, including benzylpenicillin, methotrexate, pravastatin, and rifampicin, and natural toxins microcystin and phalloidin. Genetic variations observed in the SLCO1B1 gene have been associated with altered in vitro and in vivo OATP1B1 transport activity, and consequently influencing patients' response to medicines, toxins, and susceptibility to common complex diseases. Well-characterized haplotypes, *5 (RS4149056C) and *15 (RS4149056T), have been associated with a strikingly reduced uptake of multiple OATP1B1 substrates, including estrone-3-sulfate, estradiol-17β-d-glucuronide, atorvastatin, cerivastatin, pravastatin, and rifampicin. In particular, RS4149056C is observed in 60% of the Cape admixed (CA) population and is associated with increased plasma concentrations of many statins as well as fexofenadine and repaglinide. We designed and optimized a SNaPshot minisequencing panel to characterize the variants of relevance for precision medicine in the clinic. We report here the first study on allele and genotype frequencies for 10 nonsynonymous, 4 synonymous, and 6 intronic single-nucleotide polymorphisms of SLCO1B1 in the Zulu and CA populations of South Africa. These variants are further contextualized here, in relation to their potential clinical relevance. These observations collectively contribute to current efforts to advance global precision medicine in understudied populations and resource-limited regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Hoosain
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, South Africa
| | - Brendon Pearce
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, South Africa
| | - Clifford Jacobs
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, South Africa
| | - Mongi Benjeddou
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of the Western Cape , Bellville, South Africa
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17
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Martinez D, Muhrez K, Woillard JB, Berthelot A, Gyan E, Choquet S, Andrès CR, Marquet P, Barin-Le Guellec C. Endogenous Metabolites-Mediated Communication Between OAT1/OAT3 and OATP1B1 May Explain the Association Between SLCO1B1 SNPs and Methotrexate Toxicity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2018; 104:687-698. [PMID: 29285751 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although OATP1B1 is not expressed in the kidney, polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 have been associated with methotrexate clearance or toxicity. This unexpected pharmacogenetic association may reflect remote communication between liver and kidney transporters. This study confirms the pharmacogenetic association with methotrexate toxicity in adult patients with hematological malignancies. Using a targeted urinary metabolomics approach, we identified 38 and 34 metabolites which were differentially excreted between wildtype and carriers of the c.388A>G or c.521T>C variant alleles, respectively, half of them being associated with methotrexate toxicity. These metabolites mainly consisted of fatty acid derivatives and microbiota catabolites, including glycine conjugates and other uremic toxins, all known OATs substrates. These results suggest that dysfunction of a transporter affects the excretion profile of endogenous or exogenous substrates, possibly through metabolite-mediated interactions involving other transport systems, even in distant organs. This opens the way for better comprehension of complex pharmacokinetics and transporter-mediated drug-drug or nutrient-drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Martinez
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France
| | | | - Jean-Baptiste Woillard
- INSERM UMR 850, Limoges, France.,University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France.,CHU Limoges, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology & Pharmacovigilance, Limoges, France
| | - Aline Berthelot
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel Gyan
- CHU Tours, Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tours, France
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Department of Hematology, Paris, France
| | - Christian R Andrès
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Marquet
- INSERM UMR 850, Limoges, France.,University of Limoges, Faculty of Medicine, Limoges, France
| | - Chantal Barin-Le Guellec
- CHU Tours, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tours, France.,University of Tours, Tours, France.,INSERM UMR 850, Limoges, France
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18
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Yousri NA, Fakhro KA, Robay A, Rodriguez-Flores JL, Mohney RP, Zeriri H, Odeh T, Kader SA, Aldous EK, Thareja G, Kumar M, Al-Shakaki A, Chidiac OM, Mohamoud YA, Mezey JG, Malek JA, Crystal RG, Suhre K. Whole-exome sequencing identifies common and rare variant metabolic QTLs in a Middle Eastern population. Nat Commun 2018; 9:333. [PMID: 29362361 PMCID: PMC5780481 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01972-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics-genome-wide association studies (mGWAS) have uncovered many metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTLs) influencing human metabolic individuality, though predominantly in European cohorts. By combining whole-exome sequencing with a high-resolution metabolomics profiling for a highly consanguineous Middle Eastern population, we discover 21 common variant and 12 functional rare variant mQTLs, of which 45% are novel altogether. We fine-map 10 common variant mQTLs to new metabolite ratio associations, and 11 common variant mQTLs to putative protein-altering variants. This is the first work to report common and rare variant mQTLs linked to diseases and/or pharmacological targets in a consanguineous Arab cohort, with wide implications for precision medicine in the Middle East. Blood metabolites are influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Here, Yousri and colleagues perform a whole-exome sequencing study in combination with a metabolomics analysis to identify metabolic quantitative trait loci in a Middle Eastern population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A Yousri
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar. .,Sidra Medical Research Center, Department of Human Genetics, PO Box 26999, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Amal Robay
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Hassina Zeriri
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tala Odeh
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Abdul Kader
- Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Eman K Aldous
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gaurav Thareja
- Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Manish Kumar
- Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alya Al-Shakaki
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Omar M Chidiac
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Yasmin A Mohamoud
- Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Joel A Malek
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.,Genomics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, PO Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
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19
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Rodrigues AD, Taskar KS, Kusuhara H, Sugiyama Y. Endogenous Probes for Drug Transporters: Balancing Vision With Reality. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:434-448. [DOI: 10.1002/cpt.749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- AD Rodrigues
- Pharmacokinetics; Dynamics & Metabolism, Medicine Design, Pfizer Inc.; Groton Connecticut USA
| | - KS Taskar
- Mechanistic Safety and Disposition; IVIVT, GlaxoSmithKline; Ware Hertfordshire UK
| | - H Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y Sugiyama
- RIKEN Innovation Center; Research Cluster for Innovation; RIKEN Kanagawa Japan
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20
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Cheng Y, Chen S, Freeden C, Chen W, Zhang Y, Abraham P, Nelson DM, Humphreys WG, Gan J, Lai Y. Bile Salt Homeostasis in Normal and Bsep Gene Knockout Rats with Single and Repeated Doses of Troglitazone. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017. [PMID: 28645914 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The interference of bile acid secretion through bile salt export pump (BSEP) inhibition is one of the mechanisms for troglitazone (TGZ)-induced hepatotoxicity. Here, we investigated the impact of single or repeated oral doses of TGZ (200 mg/kg/day, 7 days) on bile acid homoeostasis in wild-type (WT) and Bsep knockout (KO) rats. Following oral doses, plasma exposures of TGZ were not different between WT and KO rats, and were similar on day 1 and day 7. However, plasma exposures of the major metabolite, troglitazone sulfate (TS), in KO rats were 7.6- and 9.3-fold lower than in WT on day 1 and day 7, respectively, due to increased TS biliary excretion. With Bsep KO, the mRNA levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2), Mrp3, Mrp4, Mdr1, breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp), sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, small heterodimer partner, and Sult2A1 were significantly altered in KO rats. Following seven daily TGZ treatments, Cyp7A1 was significantly increased in both WT and KO rats. In the vehicle groups, plasma exposures of individual bile acids demonstrated variable changes in KO rats as compared with WT. WT rats dosed with TGZ showed an increase of many bile acid species in plasma on day 1, suggesting the inhibition of Bsep. Conversely, these changes returned to base levels on day 7. In KO rats, alterations of most bile acids were observed after seven doses of TGZ. Collectively, bile acid homeostasis in rats was regulated through bile acid synthesis and transport in response to Bsep deficiency and TGZ inhibition. Additionally, our study is the first to demonstrate that repeated TGZ doses can upregulate Cyp7A1 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofeng Cheng
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Shenjue Chen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Chris Freeden
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Weiqi Chen
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yueping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Pamela Abraham
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David M Nelson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - W Griffith Humphreys
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Jinping Gan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yurong Lai
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey
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21
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Takehara I, Terashima H, Nakayama T, Yoshikado T, Yoshida M, Furihata K, Watanabe N, Maeda K, Ando O, Sugiyama Y, Kusuhara H. Investigation of Glycochenodeoxycholate Sulfate and Chenodeoxycholate Glucuronide as Surrogate Endogenous Probes for Drug Interaction Studies of OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 in Healthy Japanese Volunteers. Pharm Res 2017; 34:1601-1614. [PMID: 28550384 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2184-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the use of glycochenodeoxycholate-3-sulfate (GCDCA-S) and chenodeoxycholate 3- or 24-glucuronide (CDCA-3G or -24G) as surrogate endogenous substrates in the investigation of drug interactions involving OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. METHODS Uptake of GCDCA-S and CDCA-24G was examined in HEK293 cells transfected with cDNA for OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and NTCP and in cryopreserved human hepatocytes. Plasma concentrations of bile acids and their metabolites (GCDCA-S, CDCA-3G, and CDCA-24G) were determined by LC-MS/MS in eight healthy volunteers with or without administration of rifampicin (600 mg, po). RESULTS GCDCA-S and CDCA-24G were substrates for OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and NTCP. The uptake of [3H]atorvastatin, GCDCA-S, and CDCA-24G by human hepatocytes was significantly inhibited by both rifampicin and pioglitazone, whereas that of taurocholate was inhibited only by pioglitazone. Rifampicin elevated plasma concentrations of GCDCA-S more than those of other bile acids. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve for GCDCA-S was 20.3 times higher in rifampicin-treated samples. CDCA-24G could be detected only in plasma from the rifampicin-treatment phase, and CDCA-3G was undetectable in both phases. CONCLUSIONS We identified GCDCA-S and CDCA-24G as substrates of NTCP, OATP1B1, and OATP1B3. GCDCA-S is a surrogate endogenous probe for the assessment of drug interactions involving hepatic OATP1B1 and OATP1B3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issey Takehara
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- Biomarker Department, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hanano Terashima
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takashi Yoshikado
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miwa Yoshida
- P-One Clinic, Keikokai Medical Corp, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Osamu Ando
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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22
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Yee SW, Giacomini MM, Hsueh CH, Weitz D, Liang X, Goswami S, Kinchen JM, Coelho A, Zur AA, Mertsch K, Brian W, Kroetz DL, Giacomini KM. Metabolomic and Genome-wide Association Studies Reveal Potential Endogenous Biomarkers for OATP1B1. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:524-536. [PMID: 27447836 PMCID: PMC6365106 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are a major cause of drug toxicities. Using published genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of the human metabolome, we identified 20 metabolites associated with genetic variants in organic anion transporter, OATP1B1 (P < 5 × 10-8 ). Of these, 12 metabolites were significantly higher in plasma samples from volunteers dosed with the OATP1B1 inhibitor, cyclosporine (CSA) vs. placebo (q-value < 0.2). Conjugated bile acids and fatty acid dicarboxylates were among the metabolites discovered using both GWAS and CSA administration. In vitro studies confirmed tetradecanedioate (TDA) and hexadecanedioate (HDA) were novel substrates of OATP1B1 as well as OAT1 and OAT3. This study highlights the use of multiple datasets for the discovery of endogenous metabolites that represent potential in vivo biomarkers for transporter-mediated DDIs. Future studies are needed to determine whether these metabolites can serve as qualified biomarkers for organic anion transporters. Quantitative relationships between metabolite levels and modulation of transporters should be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - M M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - C-H Hsueh
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D Weitz
- Research and Development Drug Disposition, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - X Liang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Goswami
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - J M Kinchen
- Metabolon, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - A Coelho
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - A A Zur
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K Mertsch
- Research and Development Drug Disposition, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - W Brian
- Disposition Safety and Animal Research, Sanofi-Aventis, Great Valley, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - D L Kroetz
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - K M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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23
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Hu M, Fok BSP, Wo SK, Lee VHL, Zuo Z, Tomlinson B. Effect of common polymorphisms of the farnesoid X receptor and bile acid transporters on the pharmacokinetics of ursodeoxycholic acid. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2016; 43:34-40. [PMID: 26382575 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a natural, dihydroxy bile acid, promotes gallstone dissolution and has been attributed with several other beneficial effects. The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) may influence the pharmacokinetics of UDCA by modulating the expression of bile acid transporters. This exploratory study examined whether common functional polymorphisms in FXR and in bile acid transporter genes affect the pharmacokinetics of exogenous UDCA. Polymorphisms in genes for transporters involved in bile acid transport, solute carrier organic anion 1B1 (SLCO1B1) 388A>G and 521T>C, solute carrier 10A1 (SLC10A1) 800 C>T and ATP-binding cassette B11 (ABCB11) 1331T>C, and the FXR -1G>T polymorphism were genotyped in 26 male Chinese subjects who ingested single oral 500-mg doses of UDCA. Plasma concentrations of UDCA and its major conjugate metabolite glycoursodeoxycholic acid (GUDCA) were determined. The mean systemic exposure of UDCA was higher in the five subjects with one copy of the FXR -1G>T variant allele than in those homozygous for the wild-type allele (n = 21) (AUC0-24 h : 38.5 ± 28.2 vs. 20.9 ± 8.0 μg h/mL, P = 0.021), but this difference appeared mainly due to one outlier with the -1GT genotype and elevated baseline and post-treatment UDCA concentrations. After excluding the outlier, body weight was the only factor associated with plasma concentrations of UDCA and there were no significant associations with the other polymorphisms examined. None of the polymorphisms affected the pharmacokinetics of GUDCA. This study showed that the common polymorphisms in bile acid transporters had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of exogenous UDCA but an effect of the FXR polymorphism cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Benny S P Fok
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Siu-Kwan Wo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Vincent H L Lee
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Brian Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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24
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Huang Q, Aa J, Jia H, Xin X, Tao C, Liu L, Zou B, Song Q, Shi J, Cao B, Yong Y, Wang G, Zhou G. A Pharmacometabonomic Approach To Predicting Metabolic Phenotypes and Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Atorvastatin in Healthy Volunteers. J Proteome Res 2015. [PMID: 26216528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Huang
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Institute
for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Jiye Aa
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huning Jia
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department
of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xin
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department
of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Chunlei Tao
- Anhui University
of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Linsheng Liu
- Clinical
Pharmacology Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Bingjie Zou
- Department
of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
| | - Qinxin Song
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jian Shi
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bei Cao
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yonghong Yong
- The First Affiliated
Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Guangji Wang
- China Pharmaceutical
University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Guohua Zhou
- Department
of Pharmacology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, China
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25
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Torres FM, Sáfár Z, Vázquez-Sánchez MA, Kurunczi A, Kis E, Magnan R, Jani M, Nicolás O, Krajcsi P. Pre-Plated Cell Lines for ADMETox Applications in the Pharmaceutical Industry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 65:23.8.1-23.8.23. [PMID: 26250397 DOI: 10.1002/0471140856.tx2308s65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transporters significantly modulate membrane permeability of endobiotics and xenobiotics, such as bile acids and drugs, respectively. Various in vitro methods have been established for both ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to examine cellular efflux and uptake, and for solute carriers (SLC) to examine cellular uptake of substrates. Cell-based systems are the models of choice to test drug-transporter interactions as well as drug-drug interactions for research and regulatory purposes, albeit, for low passive permeability substrates of ABC transporters, vesicular uptake assays are also recommended. Commercially available pre-plated cells (e.g., immortalized or transfected) offer a useful alternative to in-house cell culture. Three main methods are known to manufacture pre-plated cultures: regular culture medium with vacuum seal, cryopreserved delivery, and the solid shipping media technology. The regular culture medium and the solid shipping media technologies provide ready-to-use models for end users. Models expressing a broad selection of transporters are available in pre-plated formats for absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMETox) studies. Conversely, the application and utility of pre-plated cultures coupled with personal experiences have not been extensively covered in published research papers or reviews, despite availability and significant use of pre-plated products in the pharmaceutical industry. In this overview, we will briefly describe: 1) in vitro tools commonly used for ADMETox testing; 2) methods employed in manufacturing, shipment and preparation of pre-plated cell lines; 3) cell-membrane barrier models currently available in pre-plated format to reproduce passage restriction of physiological barriers to certain compounds; and 4) recommended pre-plated cell lines overexpressing uptake transporters for ADMETox applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsolt Sáfár
- Solvo Biotechnology, Budaörs, Hungary.,shared first authorship
| | | | | | - Emese Kis
- Solvo Biotechnology, Budaörs, Hungary
| | | | | | - Oriol Nicolás
- ReadyCell S. L., Barcelona, Spain.,shared senior authorship
| | - Péter Krajcsi
- Solvo Biotechnology, Budaörs, Hungary.,shared senior authorship
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26
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Khoury T, Rmeileh AA, Yosha L, Benson AA, Daher S, Mizrahi M. Drug Induced Liver Injury: Review with a Focus on Genetic Factors, Tissue Diagnosis, and Treatment Options. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2015; 3:99-108. [PMID: 26356634 PMCID: PMC4548351 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2015.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a rare but potentially life threatening adverse drug reaction. DILI may mimic any morphologic characteristic of acute or chronic liver disease, and the histopathologic features of DILI may be indistinguishable from those of other causes of liver injury, such as acute viral hepatitis. In this review article, we provide an update on causative agents, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis modalities, and outcomes of DILI. In addition, we review results of recently reported genetic studies and updates on pharmacological and invasive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Ayman Abu Rmeileh
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Liron Yosha
- Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel A. Benson
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saleh Daher
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Meir Mizrahi
- Center for Advanced Endoscopy, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence to: Meir Mizrahi, Center for Advanced Endoscopy, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215, USA. Tel: +1-617-6672135, Fax: +1-617-6671728, E-mail:
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27
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Chu X, Shih SJ, Shaw R, Hentze H, Chan GH, Owens K, Wang S, Cai X, Newton D, Castro-Perez J, Salituro G, Palamanda J, Fernandis A, Ng CK, Liaw A, Savage MJ, Evers R. Evaluation of cynomolgus monkeys for the identification of endogenous biomarkers for hepatic transporter inhibition and as a translatable model to predict pharmacokinetic interactions with statins in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:851-63. [PMID: 25813937 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.063347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of hepatic transporters such as organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1B can cause drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Determining the impact of perpetrator drugs on the plasma exposure of endogenous substrates for OATP1B could be valuable to assess the risk for DDIs early in drug development. As OATP1B orthologs are well conserved between human and monkey, we assessed in cynomolgus monkeys the endogenous OATP1B substrates that are potentially suitable to assess DDI risk in humans. The effect of rifampin (RIF), a potent inhibitor for OATP1B, on plasma exposure of endogenous substrates of hepatic transporters was measured. From the 18 biomarkers tested, RIF (18 mg/kg, oral) caused significant elevation of plasma unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, which may be attributed to inhibition of cOATP1B1 and cOATP1B3 based on in vitro to in vivo extrapolation analysis. To further evaluate whether cynomolgus monkeys are a suitable translational model to study OATP1B-mediated DDIs, we determined the inhibitory effect of RIF on in vitro transport and pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin (RSV) and atorvastatin (ATV). RIF strongly inhibited the uptake of RSV and ATV by cOATP1B1 and cOATP1B3 in vitro. In agreement with clinical observations, RIF (18 mg/kg, oral) significantly decreased plasma clearance and increased the area under the plasma concentration curve (AUC) of intravenously administered RSV by 2.8- and 2.7-fold, and increased the AUC and maximum plasma concentration of orally administered RSV by 6- and 10.3-fold, respectively. In contrast to clinical findings, RIF did not significantly increase plasma exposure of either intravenous or orally administered ATV, indicating species differences in the rate-limiting elimination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Chu
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Shian-Jiun Shih
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Rachel Shaw
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Hannes Hentze
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Grace H Chan
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Karen Owens
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Shubing Wang
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Xiaoxin Cai
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Deborah Newton
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Jose Castro-Perez
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Gino Salituro
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Jairam Palamanda
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Aaron Fernandis
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Choon Keow Ng
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Andy Liaw
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Mary J Savage
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
| | - Raymond Evers
- Merck Sharp & Dohme Corporation, Kenilworth, New Jersey (X.C., G.H.C., K.O., S.W., X.C., D.N., J.C.P., G.S., J.P., A.L., M.J.S., R.E.); Translational Medicine Research Centre, Singapore (S.J.S., R.S., H.H., A.F., C.K.N.)
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28
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Hepatocyte-based in vitro model for assessment of drug-induced cholestasis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 274:124-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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29
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Zhang Y, Csanaky IL, Selwyn FP, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Klaassen CD. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1a4 (Oatp1a4) is important for secondary bile acid metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 86:437-45. [PMID: 23747753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (human: OATPs; rodent: Oatps) were thought to have important functions in bile acid (BA) transport. Oatp1a1, 1a4, and 1b2 are the three major Oatp1 family members in rodent liver. Our previous studies have characterized the BA homeostasis in Oatp1a1-null and Oatp1b2-null mice. The present study investigated the physiological role of Oatp1a4 in BA homeostasis by using Oatp1a4-null mice. Oatp1a4 expression is female-predominant in livers of mice, and thereby it was expected that female Oatp1a4-null mice will have more prominent changes than males. Interestingly, the present study demonstrated that female Oatp1a4-null mice had no significant alterations in BA concentrations in serum or liver, though they had increased mRNA of hepatic BA efflux transporters (Mrp4 and Ostα/β) and ileal BA transporters (Asbt and Ostα/β). In contrast, male Oatp1a4-null mice showed significantly altered BA homeostasis, including increased concentrations of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in serum, liver and intestinal contents. After feeding a DCA-supplemented diet, male but not female Oatp1a4-null mice had higher concentrations of DCA in serum and livers than their WT controls. This suggested that Oatp1a4 is important for intestinal absorption of secondary BAs in male mice. Furthermore, loss of Oatp1a4 function did not decrease BA accumulation in serum or livers of bile-duct-ligated mice, suggesting that Oatp1a4 is not likely a BA uptake transporter. In summary, the present study for the first time demonstrates that Oatp1a4 does not appear to mediate the hepatic uptake of BAs, but plays an important male-predominant role in secondary BA metabolism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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30
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Ziesenitz VC, König SK, Mahlke N, Jantos R, Skopp G, Weiss J, Haefeli WE, Mikus G. Fentanyl Pharmacokinetics is not Dependent on Hepatic Uptake by Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptide 1B1 in Human Beings. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 113:43-8. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C. Ziesenitz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Sonja K. König
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Nina Mahlke
- Institute of Legal and Traffic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Ricarda Jantos
- Institute of Legal and Traffic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Gisela Skopp
- Institute of Legal and Traffic Medicine; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Walter E. Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
| | - Gerd Mikus
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology; University Hospital Heidelberg; Heidelberg; Germany
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31
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In Vivo Characterization of Interactions on Transporters. TRANSPORTERS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-8229-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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32
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König J, Klatt S, Dilger K, Fromm MF. Characterization of Ursodeoxycholic and Norursodeoxycholic Acid as Substrates of the Hepatic Uptake Transporters OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1 and NTCP. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2012; 111:81-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2012.00865.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen; Germany
| | - Sabine Klatt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen; Germany
| | - Karin Dilger
- Dr. Falk Pharma GmbH; Leinenweberstraße 5; Freiburg; Germany
| | - Martin F. Fromm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Erlangen; Germany
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Iusuf D, van de Steeg E, Schinkel AH. Functions of OATP1A and 1B transporters in vivo: insights from mouse models. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 33:100-8. [PMID: 22130008 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are a superfamily of uptake transporters that mediate the cellular uptake of a broad range of endogenous and exogenous compounds. Of these OATP transporters, members of the 1A and 1B subfamilies have broad substrate specificities. Because they are mainly expressed in liver, kidney and small intestine, OATP1A and 1B transporters can have a major impact on the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. To study their role in physiology and drug disposition, several mouse models lacking functional expression of one or more OATPs have been generated. This review discusses recent findings for these models that have led to new insights into the impact of OATP1A and 1B transporters on pharmacokinetics and toxicokinetics, and on bilirubin detoxification and bile acid handling in normal liver physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Iusuf
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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34
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Kaddurah-Daouk R, Baillie RA, Zhu H, Zeng ZB, Wiest MM, Nguyen UT, Wojnoonski K, Watkins SM, Trupp M, Krauss RM. Enteric microbiome metabolites correlate with response to simvastatin treatment. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25482. [PMID: 22022402 PMCID: PMC3192752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although statins are widely prescribed medications, there remains considerable variability in therapeutic response. Genetics can explain only part of this variability. Metabolomics is a global biochemical approach that provides powerful tools for mapping pathways implicated in disease and in response to treatment. Metabolomics captures net interactions between genome, microbiome and the environment. In this study, we used a targeted GC-MS metabolomics platform to measure a panel of metabolites within cholesterol synthesis, dietary sterol absorption, and bile acid formation to determine metabolite signatures that may predict variation in statin LDL-C lowering efficacy. Measurements were performed in two subsets of the total study population in the Cholesterol and Pharmacogenetics (CAP) study: Full Range of Response (FR), and Good and Poor Responders (GPR) were 100 individuals randomly selected from across the entire range of LDL-C responses in CAP. GPR were 48 individuals, 24 each from the top and bottom 10% of the LDL-C response distribution matched for body mass index, race, and gender. We identified three secondary, bacterial-derived bile acids that contribute to predicting the magnitude of statin-induced LDL-C lowering in good responders. Bile acids and statins share transporters in the liver and intestine; we observed that increased plasma concentration of simvastatin positively correlates with higher levels of several secondary bile acids. Genetic analysis of these subjects identified associations between levels of seven bile acids and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4149056, in the gene encoding the organic anion transporter SLCO1B1. These findings, along with recently published results that the gut microbiome plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, indicate that interactions between genome, gut microbiome and environmental influences should be considered in the study and management of cardiovascular disease. Metabolic profiles could provide valuable information about treatment outcomes and could contribute to a more personalized approach to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RKD); (RMK)
| | | | - Hongjie Zhu
- Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zhao-Bang Zeng
- Department of Statistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michelle M. Wiest
- Department of Statistics, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Uyen Thao Nguyen
- Lipomics Technologies-Tethys Bioscience, West Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Katie Wojnoonski
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Steven M. Watkins
- Lipomics Technologies-Tethys Bioscience, West Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | - Miles Trupp
- Bioinformatics Research Group, AI Center, SRI International, Menlo Park, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald M. Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RKD); (RMK)
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Xiang X, Backman JT, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M. Gender, but not CYP7A1 or SLCO1B1 Polymorphism, Affects the Fasting Plasma Concentrations of Bile Acids in Human Beings. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 110:245-52. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00792.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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36
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Zhang Y, Csanaky IL, Lehman-McKeeman LD, Klaassen CD. Loss of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a1 increases deoxycholic acid absorption in mice by increasing intestinal permeability. Toxicol Sci 2011; 124:251-60. [PMID: 21914718 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfr236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxycholic acid (DCA) is a known hepatotoxicant, a tissue tumor promoter, and has been implicated in colorectal cancer. Male mice are more susceptible to DCA toxicity than female mice. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a1 (Oatp1a1), which is known to transport bile acids (BAs) in vitro, is predominantly expressed in livers of male mice. In addition, the concentrations of DCA and its taurine conjugate (TDCA) are increased in serum of Oatp1a1-null mice. To investigate whether Oatp1a1 contributes to the gender difference in DCA toxicity in mice, wild-type (WT) and Oatp1a1-null mice were fed a 0.3% DCA diet for 7 days. After feeding DCA, Oatp1a1-null mice had 30-fold higher concentrations of DCA in both serum and livers than WT mice. Feeding DCA caused more hepatotoxcity in Oatp1a1-null mice than WT mice. After feeding DCA, Oatp1a1-null mice expressed higher BA efflux-transporters (bile salt-export pump, organic solute transporter (Ost)α/β, and multidrug resistance-associated protein [Mrp]2) and lower BA-synthetic enzymes (cytochrome P450 [Cyp]7a1, 8b1, 27a1, and 7b1) in livers than WT mice. Intravenous administration of DCA and TDCA showed that lack of Oatp1a1 does not decrease the plasma elimination of DCA or TDCA. After feeding DCA, the concentrations of DCA in ileum and colon tissues are higher in Oatp1a1-null than in WT mice. In addition, Oatp1a1-null mice have enhanced intestinal permeability. Taken together, the current data suggest that Oatp1a1 does not mediate the hepatic uptake of DCA or TDCA, but lack of Oatp1a1 increases intestinal permeability and thus enhances the absorption of DCA in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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No significant effect of the SLCO1B1 polymorphism on the pharmacokinetics of ursodeoxycholic acid. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:1159-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Aklillu E, Mugusi S, Ngaimisi E, Hoffmann MM, König S, Ziesenitz V, Mikus G, Haefeli WE, Weiss J. Frequency of the SLCO1B1 388A>G and the 521T>C polymorphism in Tanzania genotyped by a new LightCycler®-based method. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67:1139-45. [PMID: 21630030 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-011-1065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 388A>G and the 521T>C polymorphism of the SLCO1B1 gene affect the activity of the uptake transporter OATP1B1, thus influencing kinetics, safety, and efficacy of substrate drugs. To evaluate the impact of these polymorphisms in populations of different ethnic origins, it is important to know their frequencies and to develop fast and reliable methods for genotyping. We therefore established a new, high-throughput method and determined the genotype and allelic frequencies of these polymorphisms in Tanzanians, for which the frequencies were unknown thus far. METHODS New LightCycler® 480-based methods with hybridization probes were established and used to genotype 366 Tanzanian and 236 European individuals for 388A>G (rs2306283) and 521T>C (rs4149056) in the SLCO1B1 gene. The methods were validated by direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of heterozygous individuals and checked for intrarun precision repeatability, interrun precision reproducibility, robustness, and deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. RESULTS The new methods allow unambiguous identification of the corresponding genotypes. There was a clear difference in allelic distribution between Tanzanians and Europeans, with the 388A>G (rs2306283) being much more prevalent in Tanzanians (87% vs 41%) and the 521T>C (rs4149056) being very rare in this African population (6% vs 17%). CONCLUSIONS We developed robust and high-throughput methods to genotype common SLCO1B1 allelic variants with the LightCycler® 480. In Tanzanians, we identified the highest frequency of the 388A>G and 521T>C polymorphisms ever reported from black populations. The clinical relevance of SLCO1B1 genetic variation in the African population remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Aklillu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge C-168, Karolinska Institute, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Kalliokoski A, Neuvonen PJ, Niemi M. SLCO1B1 polymorphism and oral antidiabetic drugs. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2011; 107:775-81. [PMID: 20406215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00581.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1; gene: SLCO1B1) is an influx transporter expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of human hepatocytes, where it mediates the uptake of its substrates from blood into liver. In vitro, the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C (p.Val174Ala) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has been associated with reduced and the c.388A>G (p.Asn130Asp) SNP with both enhanced and reduced transport activity of OATP1B1. In vivo in humans, the c.521C allele (present in SLCO1B1*5 and *15 haplotypes) is associated with decreased hepatic uptake and increased plasma concentrations of several OATP1B1 substrates. The SLCO1B1*1B (c.388G-c.521T) haplotype is associated with enhanced hepatic uptake and decreased plasma concentrations of some OATP1B1 substrates. The SLCO1B1 c.521CC genotype has been associated with an about 60-190% increased, and the SLCO1B1*1B/*1B genotype with an about 30% decreased area under the plasma concentration-time curve of repaglinide. Moreover, SLCO1B1 polymorphism can affect the extent of interaction between OATP1B1 inhibitors and repaglinide. Accordingly, SLCO1B1 genotyping may help in choosing the optimal starting dose of repaglinide. In Chinese individuals, the SLCO1B1 c.521C allele has been associated with increased plasma concentrations of nateglinide, but the association could not be replicated in Caucasians. SLCO1B1 genotype has had no effect on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, pioglitazone or their metabolites. The hepatic uptake of metformin is mediated by organic cation transporters 1 and 3, and the liver is not important for the elimination or action of the dipeptidylpeptidase 4 inhibitors sitagliptin, vildagliptin and saxagliptin. Therefore, SLCO1B1 polymorphism unlikely affects the response to these antidiabetics. Possible effects of SLCO1B1 polymorphism on sulfonylureas remain to be investigated.
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Niemi M, Pasanen MK, Neuvonen PJ. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1: a genetically polymorphic transporter of major importance for hepatic drug uptake. Pharmacol Rev 2011; 63:157-81. [PMID: 21245207 DOI: 10.1124/pr.110.002857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of membrane transporters for drug pharmacokinetics has been increasingly recognized during the last decade. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1) is a genetically polymorphic influx transporter expressed on the sinusoidal membrane of human hepatocytes, and it mediates the hepatic uptake of many endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. Recent studies have demonstrated that OATP1B1 plays a major, clinically important role in the hepatic uptake of many drugs. A common single-nucleotide variation (coding DNA c.521T>C, protein p.V174A, rs4149056) in the SLCO1B1 gene encoding OATP1B1 decreases the transporting activity of OATP1B1, resulting in markedly increased plasma concentrations of, for example, many statins, particularly of active simvastatin acid. The variant thereby enhances the risk of statin-induced myopathy and decreases the therapeutic indexes of statins. However, the effect of the SLCO1B1 c.521T>C variant is different on different statins. The same variant also markedly affects the pharmacokinetics of several other drugs. Furthermore, certain SLCO1B1 variants associated with an enhanced clearance of methotrexate increase the risk of gastrointestinal toxicity by methotrexate in the treatment of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Certain drugs (e.g., cyclosporine) potently inhibit OATP1B1, causing clinically significant drug interactions. Thus, OATP1B1 plays a major role in the hepatic uptake of drugs, and genetic variants and drug interactions affecting OATP1B1 activity are important determinants of individual drug responses. In this article, we review the current knowledge about the expression, function, substrate characteristics, and pharmacogenetics of OATP1B1 as well as its role in drug interactions, in parts comparing with those of other hepatocyte-expressed organic anion transporting polypeptides, OATP1B3 and OATP2B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 20, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
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Csanaky IL, Lu H, Zhang Y, Ogura K, Choudhuri S, Klaassen CD. Organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1b2 (Oatp1b2) is important for the hepatic uptake of unconjugated bile acids: Studies in Oatp1b2-null mice. Hepatology 2011; 53:272-81. [PMID: 20949553 PMCID: PMC3186067 DOI: 10.1002/hep.23984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1b family (Oatp1b2 in rodents and OATP1B1/1B3 in humans) is liver-specific and transports various chemicals into the liver. However, the role of the Oatp1b family in the hepatic uptake of bile acids (BAs) into the liver is unknown. Therefore, in Oatp1b2-null mice, the concentrations of BAs in plasma, liver, and bile were compared with wild-type (WT) mice. It was first determined that livers of the Oatp1b2-null mice were not compensated by altered expression of other hepatic transporters. However, the messenger RNA of Cyp7a1 was 70% lower in the Oatp1b2-null mice. Increased expression of fibroblast growth factor 15 in intestines of Oatp1b2-null mice might be responsible for decreased hepatic expression of Cyp7a1 in Oatp1b2-null mice. The hepatic concentration and biliary excretion of conjugated and unconjugated BAs were essentially the same in Oatp1b2-null and WT mice. The serum concentration of taurine-conjugated BAs was essentially the same in the two genotypes. In contrast, the serum concentrations of unconjugated BAs were 3-45 times higher in Oatp1b2-null than WT mice. After intravenous administration of cholate to Oatp1b2-null mice, its clearance was 50% lower than in WT mice, but the clearance of taurocholate was similar in the two genotypes. CONCLUSION This study indicates that Oatp1b2 has a major role in the hepatic uptake of unconjugated BAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván L Csanaky
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Fahrmayr C, Fromm MF, König J. Hepatic OATP and OCT uptake transporters: their role for drug-drug interactions and pharmacogenetic aspects. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 42:380-401. [PMID: 20100011 DOI: 10.3109/03602530903491683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uptake transporters in the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes are important for the hepatobiliary elimination of drugs. Further, since drug-metabolizing enzymes are located intracellularly, uptake into hepatocytes is a prerequisite for their subsequent metabolism. Therefore, alteration of uptake transporter function (e.g., by concomitantly administered drugs or due to functional consequences of genetic variations, leading to reduced transport function) may result in a change in drug pharmacokinetics. In this review, we focus on the hepatocellularly expressed members of the OATP and OCT family, their impact on transport-mediated drug-drug interactions, and on the functional consequences of variations in genes encoding these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Fahrmayr
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
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van de Steeg E, Wagenaar E, van der Kruijssen CMM, Burggraaff JEC, de Waart DR, Elferink RPJO, Kenworthy KE, Schinkel AH. Organic anion transporting polypeptide 1a/1b-knockout mice provide insights into hepatic handling of bilirubin, bile acids, and drugs. J Clin Invest 2010; 120:2942-52. [PMID: 20644253 DOI: 10.1172/jci42168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are uptake transporters for a broad range of endogenous compounds and xenobiotics. To investigate the physiologic and pharmacologic roles of OATPs of the 1A and 1B subfamilies, we generated mice lacking all established and predicted mouse Oatp1a/1b transporters (referred to as Slco1a/1b-/- mice, as SLCO genes encode OATPs). Slco1a/1b-/- mice were viable and fertile but exhibited markedly increased plasma levels of bilirubin conjugated to glucuronide and increased plasma levels of unconjugated bile acids. The unexpected conjugated hyperbilirubinemia indicates that Oatp1a/1b transporters normally mediate extensive hepatic reuptake of glucuronidated bilirubin. We therefore hypothesized that substantial sinusoidal secretion and subsequent Oatp1a/1b-mediated reuptake of glucuronidated compounds can occur in hepatocytes under physiologic conditions. This alters our perspective on normal liver functioning. Slco1a/1b-/- mice also showed drastically decreased hepatic uptake and consequently increased systemic exposure following i.v. or oral administration of the OATP substrate drugs methotrexate and fexofenadine. Importantly, intestinal absorption of oral methotrexate or fexofenadine was not affected in Slco1a/1b-/- mice. Further analysis showed that rifampicin was an effective and specific Oatp1a/1b inhibitor in controlling methotrexate pharmacokinetics. These data indicate that Oatp1a/1b transporters play an essential role in hepatic reuptake of conjugated bilirubin and uptake of unconjugated bile acids and drugs. Slco1a/1b-/- mice will provide excellent tools to study further the role of Oatp1a/1b transporters in physiology and drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evita van de Steeg
- Division of Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Klaassen CD, Aleksunes LM. Xenobiotic, bile acid, and cholesterol transporters: function and regulation. Pharmacol Rev 2010; 62:1-96. [PMID: 20103563 PMCID: PMC2835398 DOI: 10.1124/pr.109.002014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 563] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transporters influence the disposition of chemicals within the body by participating in absorption, distribution, and elimination. Transporters of the solute carrier family (SLC) comprise a variety of proteins, including organic cation transporters (OCT) 1 to 3, organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTN) 1 to 3, organic anion transporters (OAT) 1 to 7, various organic anion transporting polypeptide isoforms, sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide, apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, peptide transporters (PEPT) 1 and 2, concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNT) 1 to 3, equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 1 to 3, and multidrug and toxin extrusion transporters (MATE) 1 and 2, which mediate the uptake (except MATEs) of organic anions and cations as well as peptides and nucleosides. Efflux transporters of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily, such as ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1), multidrug resistance proteins (MDR) 1 and 2, bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRP) 1 to 9, breast cancer resistance protein, and ATP-binding cassette subfamily G members 5 and 8, are responsible for the unidirectional export of endogenous and exogenous substances. Other efflux transporters [ATPase copper-transporting beta polypeptide (ATP7B) and ATPase class I type 8B member 1 (ATP8B1) as well as organic solute transporters (OST) alpha and beta] also play major roles in the transport of some endogenous chemicals across biological membranes. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of these transporters (both rodent and human) with regard to tissue distribution, subcellular localization, and substrate preferences. Because uptake and efflux transporters are expressed in multiple cell types, the roles of transporters in a variety of tissues, including the liver, kidneys, intestine, brain, heart, placenta, mammary glands, immune cells, and testes are discussed. Attention is also placed upon a variety of regulatory factors that influence transporter expression and function, including transcriptional activation and post-translational modifications as well as subcellular trafficking. Sex differences, ontogeny, and pharmacological and toxicological regulation of transporters are also addressed. Transporters are important transmembrane proteins that mediate the cellular entry and exit of a wide range of substrates throughout the body and thereby play important roles in human physiology, pharmacology, pathology, and toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS 66160-7417, USA.
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Annaert P, Ye Z, Stieger B, Augustijns P. Interaction of HIV protease inhibitors with OATP1B1, 1B3, and 2B1. Xenobiotica 2010; 40:163-76. [DOI: 10.3109/00498250903509375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Griffiths WJ, Sjövall J. Bile acids: analysis in biological fluids and tissues. J Lipid Res 2010; 51:23-41. [PMID: 20008121 PMCID: PMC2789783 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r001941-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of bile acids/bile alcohols is of major importance for the maintenance of cholesterol homeostasis. Besides their functions in lipid absorption, bile acids/bile alcohols are regulatory molecules for a number of metabolic processes. Their effects are structure-dependent, and numerous metabolic conversions result in a complex mixture of biologically active and inactive forms. Advanced methods are required to characterize and quantify individual bile acids in these mixtures. A combination of such analyses with analyses of the proteome will be required for a better understanding of mechanisms of action and nature of endogenous ligands. Mass spectrometry is the basic detection technique for effluents from chromatographic columns. Capillary liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization provides the highest sensitivity in metabolome analysis. Classical gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is less sensitive but offers extensive structure-dependent fragmentation increasing the specificity in analyses of isobaric isomers of unconjugated bile acids. Depending on the nature of the bile acid/bile alcohol mixture and the range of concentration of individuals, different sample preparation sequences, from simple extractions to group separations and derivatizations, are applicable. We review the methods currently available for the analysis of bile acids in biological fluids and tissues, with emphasis on the combination of liquid and gas phase chromatography with mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Griffiths
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Medicine, Grove Building Swansea University Singleton Park Swansea SA2 8PP United Kingdom
| | - Jan Sjövall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet SE-17177 Stockholm Sweden
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