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Abu-Hassan AA. Nano-level assay of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder medicament, atomoxetine by molecular-size-based resonance rayleigh scattering strategy. Employment in content uniformity, dosage form, and plasma analysis. BMC Chem 2023; 17:175. [PMID: 38057838 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01094-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The psychoanaleptic medication atomoxetine (ATX) is prescribed to cure attention-deficit hyperactivity syndrome. ATX works by selective prevention of norepinephrine reuptake. It acts by raising the brain's natural level of norepinephrine, which is necessary for behavior regulation. In this study, a sensitive and practical experimental method was employed to analyze the presence of ATX. The approach utilized a green chemistry-compatible technique, known as a one-pot experiment. The main principle behind this method was the use of molecular-size-dependant resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) phenomenon, which occurred due to the interaction between the dual complex of Cilefa Pink B and ATX. When ATX medication and Cilefa Pink B were combined in an acidic environment, they formed an association complex, leading to an amplification of the RRS signal. This amplification directly correlated with the concentration of ATX, specifically within the range of 40-1250 ng/mL. The RRS signal was monitored at a wavelength of 352 nm. The sensitivity of the method was demonstrated by the determination of the limit of detection (LOD) at 12.9 ng/mL and the limit of quantitation (LOQ) at 39.2 ng/mL. The variables of the method were thoroughly investigated and optimized. To ensure the reliability of the method, it was validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to analyze ATX in its prescribed dosage form. The achievement of using the established resonance Rayleigh scattering (RRS) technology to analyze the target drug in plasma and ensure content uniformity was a remarkable feat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abu-Hassan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut Branch, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt.
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Abumelha HM, Alorabi AQ, Alessa H, Alamrani NA, Alharbi A, Keshk AA, El-Metwaly NM. Novel Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Fortified Carbon Paste Electrode for the Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Atomoxetine. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:19006-19015. [PMID: 37273581 PMCID: PMC10233827 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the fabrication and full characterization of a novel atomoxetine (ATX) voltammetric carbon paste electrode (CPE) fortified with iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) is demonstrated. Modification of the carbon paste matrix with the metallic oxide nanostructure provides proper electrocatalytic activity against the oxidation of ATX molecules at the carbon paste surface, resulting in a noticeable improvement in the performance of the sensor. At the recommended pH value, ATX recorded an irreversible anodic peak at 1.17 V, following a diffusion-controlled reaction mechanism. Differential pulse voltammograms exhibited peak heights linearly correlated to the ATX content within a wide concentration range from 45 to 8680 ng mL-1, with the limit of detection reaching 11.55 ng mL-1. The electrooxidation mechanism of the ATX molecule was proposed to be the oxidation of the terminal amino group accompanied by the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The fabricated FeONPs/CPE sensors exhibited enhanced selectivity and sensitivity and therefore can be introduced for voltammetric assaying of atomoxetine-indifferent pharmaceutical and biological samples in the presence of its degradation products and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M. Abumelha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Q. Alorabi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Baha
University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alessa
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. Alamrani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa Alharbi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A. Keshk
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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Wohkittel C, Scherf-Clavel O, Fekete S, Romanos M, Högger P, Gerlach M. Determination of Guanfacine in Oral Fluid and Serum of Children and Adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Short Communication. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:340-344. [PMID: 34334681 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guanfacine, a selective α2A-adrenoreceptor agonist, is a second-line medication for treating children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperkinetic disorder. The dosage administered as milligram per body weight to balance the potential benefits and risks of treatment. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is useful for identifying a patient's therapeutic window to optimize individual drug dosing and reduce the risk of adverse drug reactions. However, in children and adolescents, intravenous sample collection is especially stressful and thus remains a primary challenge, restricting the use of TDM. Therefore, evaluating alternative specimens to facilitate TDM is a worthwhile task. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of using oral fluid for TDM of guanfacine in children and adolescents. METHODS In this article, 9 patients (median age 8.1 years; 6 boys and 3 girls) undergoing treatment with guanfacine were included. Simultaneously collected oral fluid and serum samples were deproteinized using methanol containing a stable isotope-labeled internal standard before the determination of guanfacine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Pearson correlation and paired t test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS The mean serum guanfacine concentration was 3 times higher than that detected in oral fluid (7.47 ng/mL versus 2.36 ng/mL; t (8) = 5.94; P < 0.001). A strong positive linear correlation (r = 0.758, P = 0.018) was identified between oral fluid and serum concentrations. A strong but nonsignificant negative correlation (r = -0.574, P = 0.106) was detected between the oral fluid pH and oral fluid-to-serum concentration ratio. CONCLUSIONS The strong correlation between oral fluid and serum concentration and the probable small effect of oral fluid pH on oral fluid-to-serum concentration ratio supports guanfacine as a suitable candidate for TDM in oral fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wohkittel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg; and
| | - Oliver Scherf-Clavel
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fekete
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg; and
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg; and
| | - Petra Högger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg; and
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Novel screen-printed sensors with chemically deposited boron-doped diamond and their use for voltammetric determination of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder medication atomoxetine. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Zijp TR, Izzah Z, Åberg C, Gan CT, Bakker SJL, Touw DJ, van Boven JFM. Clinical Value of Emerging Bioanalytical Methods for Drug Measurements: A Scoping Review of Their Applicability for Medication Adherence and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Drugs 2021; 81:1983-2002. [PMID: 34724175 PMCID: PMC8559140 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-021-01618-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Direct quantification of drug concentrations allows for medication adherence monitoring (MAM) and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Multiple less invasive methods have been developed in recent years: dried blood spots (DBS), saliva, and hair analyses. AIM To provide an overview of emerging drug quantification methods for MAM and TDM, focusing on the clinical validation of methods in patients prescribed chronic drug therapies. METHODS A scoping review was performed using a systematic search in three electronic databases covering the period 2000-2020. Screening and inclusion were performed by two independent reviewers in Rayyan. Data from the articles were aggregated in a REDCap database. The main outcome was clinical validity of methods based on study sample size, means of cross-validation, and method description. Outcomes were reported by matrix, therapeutic area and application (MAM and/or TDM). RESULTS A total of 4590 studies were identified and 175 articles were finally included; 57 on DBS, 66 on saliva and 55 on hair analyses. Most reports were in the fields of neurological diseases (37%), infectious diseases (31%), and transplantation (14%). An overview of clinical validation was generated of all measured drugs. A total of 62 drugs assays were applied for MAM and 131 for TDM. CONCLUSION MAM and TDM are increasingly possible without traditional invasive blood sampling: the strengths and limitations of DBS, saliva, and hair differ, but all have potential for valid and more convenient drug monitoring. To strengthen the quality and comparability of future evidence, standardisation of the clinical validation of the methods is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja R Zijp
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zamrotul Izzah
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoffer Åberg
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Tji Gan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Respiratory Diseases and Lung Transplantation, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Touw
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- University of Groningen, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Groningen, The Netherlands.
- Medication Adherence Expertise Center of the Northern Netherlands (MAECON), Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Job F M van Boven
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Medication Adherence Expertise Center of the Northern Netherlands (MAECON), Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wohkittel C, Högger P, Fekete S, Romanos M, Gerlach M. Relationship Between Amphetamine Concentrations in Saliva and Serum in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Ther Drug Monit 2021; 43:564-569. [PMID: 33149054 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is a valid tool for the optimization of psychopharmacotherapy; however, in child and adolescent psychiatry, uncomfortable intravenous sample collection is the main challenge and restricts the use of TDM. Therefore, it is important to evaluate alternate specimens to facilitate TDM. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using saliva for the TDM of amphetamine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. METHODS In this study, 28 patient samples (mean age, 11.3 years; boys, 23; and girls, 5) treated with lisdexamfetamine were included. The active compound amphetamine was extracted and derivatized before quantification by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Nonparametric Spearman rank correlations were used for correlation analyses; for clinical validation, Bland-Altman analysis was applied. RESULTS The median amphetamine concentrations in saliva were 2.7 times higher (range 0.7-23.6) than those in serum (257.8 ng/mL versus 77.2 ng/mL; z = -4.51, P < 0.001). A strong positive linear correlation was observed between saliva and serum concentrations (ρ = 0.628, P < 0.001). The ratio of saliva-to-serum concentration was strongly pH dependent (ρ = -0.712, P < 0.001). Therefore, a transformation formula, factoring in salivary pH, to calculate serum concentrations from the measured saliva concentrations was applied. Theoretical and measured serum amphetamine concentrations were subjected to Bland-Altman analysis. Using an acceptance limit of 20%, only 21% (n = 6) of samples fulfilled this criterion. CONCLUSIONS Amphetamine paired saliva-to-serum concentrations were highly variable and strongly affected by salivary pH, indicating that saliva is an inappropriate sampling matrix for TDM of amphetamine. Furthermore, Bland-Altman analysis did not support saliva as a suitable matrix for TDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wohkittel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg; and
| | - Petra Högger
- Institute for Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Fekete
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg; and
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg; and
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg; and
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Determination of atomoxetine or escitalopram in human plasma by HPLC: Applications in neuroscience research studies
. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 58:426-438. [PMID: 32449675 DOI: 10.5414/cp203705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atomoxetine and escitalopram are potent and selective drugs approved for noradrenergic or serotonergic modulation of neuronal networks in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or depression, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods still play an important role in the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of psychopharmacological drugs, and coupled with tandem mass spectrometry are the gold standard for the quantification of drugs in biological matrices, but not available everywhere. The aim of this work was to develop and validate a HPLC method for neuroscientific studies using atomoxetine or escitalopram as a test drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS A HPLC method from routine TDM determination of atomoxetine or citalopram in plasma was adapted and validated for use in neuroscientific research. Using photo diode array detection with UV absorption at 205 nm, the variation of internal standard within one chromatographic method enables separate drug monitoring for concentration-controlled explorative studies in healthy humans and patients with Parkinson's disease. RESULTS The method described here was found to be linear in the range of 0.002 - 1.4 mg/L for atomoxetine and 0.0012 - 0.197 mg/L for escitalopram, with overall mean intra-day and inter-day imprecision and accuracy bias < 10% for both drugs. The method was successfully applied in concentration-controlled neuroimaging studies in populations of healthy humans and patients with Parkinson's disease. CONCLUSION A simple, sensitive, robust HPLC method capable of monitoring escitalopram and atomoxetine is presented and validated, as a useful tool for drug monitoring and the study of pharmacokinetics in neuroscientific study applications.
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Protti M, Mandrioli R, Marasca C, Cavalli A, Serretti A, Mercolini L. New‐generation, non‐SSRI antidepressants: Drug‐drug interactions and therapeutic drug monitoring. Part 2: NaSSAs, NRIs, SNDRIs, MASSAs, NDRIs, and others. Med Res Rev 2020; 40:1794-1832. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Roberto Mandrioli
- Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of BolognaRimini Italy
| | - Camilla Marasca
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Computational and Chemical BiologyFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Genoa Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
- Computational and Chemical BiologyFondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Genoa Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FaBiT), Pharmaco‐Toxicological Analysis Laboratory (PTA Lab)Alma Mater Studiorum ‐ University of Bologna Bologna Italy
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Böttcher M, Kühne D, Beck O. Compliance testing of patients in ADHD treatment with lisdexamphetamine (Elvanse®) using oral fluid as specimen. CLINICAL MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 14 Pt B:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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AlRabiah H, Abounassif M, Aljohar HI, Mostafa GAH. New potentiometric sensors for methylphenidate detection based on host-guest interaction. BMC Chem 2019; 13:121. [PMID: 31637370 PMCID: PMC6792245 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-019-0634-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aims to develop simple, sensitive, and selective methods for detecting methylphenidate in its bulk, dosage form and human urine. Sensing materials include β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD), and 4-tertbutylcalix[8]arene as ionophores or electroactive materials have been used for construction of sensors 1, 2, and 3, respectively; Potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl)borate (KTpClPB) as an ion additive was used and dioctyl phthalate as a plasticizer. The sensors displayed a fast, stable response over a wide concentration range of methylphenidate (8 × 10−6 M to 1 × 10−3 M) with 10−6 M detection limit over the pH range of 4–8. The developed sensors displayed a Near-Nernstian cationic response for methylphenidate at 59.5, 51.37, and 56.5 mV/decade for sensors β-CD, γ-CD, or 4-tertbutylcalix[8]arene respectively. Validation of the proposed sensors is supported by high accuracy, precision, stability, fast response, and long lifetimes, as well as selectivity for methylphenidate in the presence of different species. Sensitive and practical sensors for the determination of methylphenidate in bulk, in pharmaceutical forms and urine were developed and validated for routine laboratory use. The results were comparable to those obtained by HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham AlRabiah
- 1Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Abounassif
- 1Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya I Aljohar
- 1Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal Abdel-Hafiz Mostafa
- 1Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia.,2Micro-analytical Lab, Applied Organic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Mulet CT, Arroyo-Mora LE, Leon LA, Gnagy E, DeCaprio AP. Rapid quantitative analysis of methylphenidate and ritalinic acid in oral fluid by liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QqQ-MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1092:313-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Interindividual and Intraindividual Variation of Methylphenidate Concentrations in Serum and Saliva of Patients With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 40:435-442. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Serum and Saliva Concentrations of Venlafaxine, O-Desmethylvenlafaxine, Quetiapine, and Citalopram in Psychiatric Patients. Ther Drug Monit 2018; 40:351-355. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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