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Almuqairsha SA, Al-Harbi FA, Alaidah AM, Al-Mutairi TA, Al-Oadah EK, Almatham AE, Alharbi FM, Almoshaigah AN. Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Management Strategies of Epilepsy in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e63436. [PMID: 39077233 PMCID: PMC11284618 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy accounts for a large part of the global burden of neurological disorders. This review aimed to assess the demographics, clinical characteristics, and management of patients with epilepsy in Saudi Arabia based on studies published from 2018 to 2023. A systematic review was carried out using PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library from January 2018 to January 2023, where key terms related to the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, treatment, and management strategy of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia were used to search for related studies. All relevant articles published in this period in the English language were included, and data about authors, year of the study, sample size, study design, demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and treatment strategy were collected. A male preponderance, a 6-24.9% family history of epilepsy, an equal distribution of focal and tonic-clonic epilepsy, EEG abnormalities of 19.7-70%, and a higher prevalence of monotherapy regimens were the main findings of this review.
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Zhu J, Lu J, He Y, Shen X, Xia H, Li W, Zhang J, Fan X. Association of ABCB1 Polymorphisms with Efficacy and Adverse Drug Reactions of Valproic Acid in Children with Epilepsy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1536. [PMID: 38004402 PMCID: PMC10675623 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms in ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1, also known as MDR1) have been reported to be possibly associated with the regulation of response to antiseizure medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of ABCB1 polymorphisms with the efficacy of and adverse drug reactions to valproic acid among Chinese children with epilepsy. A total of 170 children from southern China with epilepsy treated with valproic acid for more than one year were recruited, including 61 patients with persistent seizures and 109 patients who were seizure-free. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of ABCB1, rs1128503 and rs3789243, were genotyped using the Sequenom MassArray system. The two single nucleotide polymorphisms of ABCB1 were found to be significantly associated with treatment outcomes of valproic acid in children with epilepsy. Carriers with the TT genotype of ABCB1 rs1128503 were more inclined to exhibit persistent seizures after treatment with valproic acid (p = 0.013). The CC genotype of rs3789243 was observed to be a potential protective factor for valproic acid-induced gastrointestinal adverse drug reactions (p = 0.018), but possibly increased the risk of valproic acid-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (p = 0.011). In contrast, the CT genotype of rs3789243 was associated with a lower risk of valproic acid-induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (p = 0.011). Haplotype analysis showed that CC haplotype carriers tended to respond better to valproic acid treatment (p = 0.009). Additionally, no significant association was found between ABCB1 polymorphisms and serum concentrations of valproic acid. This study revealed that the polymorphisms and haplotypes of the ABCB1 gene might be associated with the treatment outcomes of valproic acid in Chinese children with epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China; (H.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Jieluan Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yaodong He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China; (H.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Xianhuan Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China; (H.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Hanbing Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China; (H.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Wenzhou Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China; (H.X.); (W.L.)
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; (J.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.H.); (X.S.); (J.Z.)
| | - Xiaomei Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Baoan Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen 518102, China; (H.X.); (W.L.)
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Magadmi R, Alyoubi R. Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Epileptic Children in Jeddah. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2151. [PMID: 37626648 PMCID: PMC10452810 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease of the brain. Over 20 antiseizure medications are available on the market, but a third of patients still have drug-resistant epilepsy. This study was designed to assess the impact of the demographic and clinical characteristics of epileptic children on their likelihood of developing drug resistance. This study was a multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional, case-control study of pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study included 101 children with epilepsy. Fifty-six patients showed good response to antiseizure medications (ASMs), and forty-five patients had a poor response. A statistically significant good response to ASMs was reported among younger patients, those who did not report parental consanguinity, those who did not have a family history of epilepsy, and those diagnosed with partial seizures, with no reported adverse effects. The levetiracetam regimen was statistically significant regarding the responsiveness to ASMs. Patients on a monotherapy regimen elicited a significantly better response to levetiracetam than patients on polytherapy (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between the response to ASMs and the sex, nationality, body mass index, complete blood count, or vitamin B12 level. In conclusion, the ASM response in epileptic patients can be predicted by knowing the patient's demographic and epileptic history. However, the complete blood count and vitamin B12 level failed to predict patients' response to ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Magadmi
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alyoubi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Zhang T, Yang Y, Sima X. No association of GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 polymorphisms with risk of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug responsiveness in Asian and Arabic populations: Evidence from a meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Front Neurol 2022; 13:996631. [PMID: 36188399 PMCID: PMC9518753 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.996631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAAR) have been reported to contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy and the recurrence of chronic seizures. Genetic polymorphisms in GABRA1 and GABRA6 may confer a high risk of epilepsy and multiple drug resistance, but with conflicting results. We aimed to assess the association of GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 with epilepsy risk using a meta-analysis. The databases of Pubmed, Ovid, Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched. Summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to evaluate the association between the polymorphisms and epilepsy risk using a fixed- or random-effect model. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to assess the results of the meta-analysis. No significant association between the GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 and the risk of epilepsy was found in the Asian and Arabic populations. The negative results were also observed when comparing the GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 polymorphism to antiepileptic drug responsiveness. The trial sequential analysis confirmed the results of the meta-analysis. This meta-analysis suggests that GABRA1 rs2279020 and GABRA6 rs3219151 are not risk factors for the etiology of epilepsy and antiepileptic drug responsiveness in the Asian and Arabic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiutian Sima
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiutian Sima
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Effect of CYP2C19 polymorphisms on serum valproic level acid in Chinese Han patients with schizophrenia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23150. [PMID: 34848811 PMCID: PMC8632882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid is an anticonvulsant, which is also widely used for treating psychiatric disorders. Some clinical trials have demonstrated benefits of valproic acid augmentation therapy in schizophrenia. Interindividual variability in valproic acid dose and serum concentration may reflect functional consequences of genetic polymorphisms in genes encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between serum concentrations of valproic acid and single nucleotide polymorphisms of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19 gene in patients with schizophrenia. All patients had been receiving fixed dose of valproic acid for at least 2 weeks. The daily doses were 0.5–1.5 g. No other drugs except olanzapine were coadministered. Serum concentrations of valproic acid were measured using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method with mass-spectrometric detection. The CYP2C19 (CYP2C19*2 G681A rs4244285 and CYP2C19*3 G636A rs4986893) genotypes were identified by real-time PCR analyses. The mean concentration/dose ratios of valproic acid were significantly higher in patients with CYP2C19 *1/*2 genotype (P < 0.01) or CYP2C19 *2/*3 genotype (P < 0.01) than in those with CYP2C12 *1/*1 genotype. The mean concentration/dose ratios of valproic acid were significantly higher in patients with 1 (P < 0.01) or 2 (P < 0.01) mutated alleles for CYP2C19 than in those without mutated alleles. And the post hoc analysis revealed that the result has acceptable statistical (power (1 – β) = 0.8486 at type I level of 0.05) to support the observed significant associations for CYP2C19 SNPs and serum C/D ratios of valproic acid. The findings of this study suggest that the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2C19 significantly affect the steady-state serum concentrations of valproic acid in Chinese Han population. The determination of the CYP2C19 genotypes may be useful for dosing adjustment in schizophrenia patients on valproic acid therapy.
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Du Z, Xu H, Zhao P, Wang J, Xu Q, Liu M. Influence of UGT2B7 and UGT1A6 polymorphisms on plasma concentration to dose ratio of valproic acid in Chinese epileptic children. Xenobiotica 2021; 51:859-864. [PMID: 34000957 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2021.1931554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We explored the potential effects of genetic variations on the concentration to dose ratio (CDR) of valproic acid (VPA) in paediatric epilepsy patients.Two hundred and twenty-nine epileptic children on VPA monotherapy were included, and the VPA trough concentrations at steady-state of all subjects were determined.Nineteen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of seven selected genes related to the metabolising enzymes and transporters of VPA were identified, and their influences on CDRVPA (a logarithmic transformation was performed if abnormally distributed) were evaluated.UGT2B7 rs7668258 (C>T) TT genotype was associated with a decrease in lnCDRVPA among epileptic children receiving VPA monotherapy (β=-0.191, p = 0.036). Significantly lower lnCDRVPA was also observed in paediatric patients with UGT1A6 rs2070959 (A>G) GG genotype compared to those AA genotype (β=-0.270, p = 0.021).This research indicated that UGT2B7 rs7668258 (C>T) and UGT1A6 rs2070959 (A>G) polymorphisms may be correlated to the normalised plasma concentrations of VPA in Chinese epileptic children. The associations could be abolished after Bonferroni's correction and our findings need to be validated in further and larger investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosong Du
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peiwei Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maochang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
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Effects of SCN1A and SCN2A polymorphisms on responsiveness to valproic acid monotherapy in epileptic children. Epilepsy Res 2020; 168:106485. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2020.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Eitan LN, Al-Dalala IM, Elshammari AK, Khreisat WH, Nimiri AF, Alnaamneh AH, Aljamal HA, Alghamdi MA. Genetic Association of Epilepsy and Anti-Epileptic Drugs Treatment in Jordanian Patients. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:503-510. [PMID: 33116764 PMCID: PMC7584512 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s273125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within SLC1A1, SLC6A1, FAM131B, GPLD1, F2, GABRG2, GABRA1, and CACNG5 genes on response to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and the genetic predisposition of epilepsy in Jordanian patients. Patients and Methods A total of 299 healthy individuals and 296 pediatric patients from the Jordanian population were recruited. Blood samples are collected, and genotyping was performed using a custom platform array analysis. Results The SLC1A1 rs10815018 and FAM131B rs4236482 polymorphisms found to be associated with epilepsy susceptibility. Moreover, SLC1A1 rs10815018 and GPLD1 rs1126617 polymorphisms were associated with generalized epilepsy (GE), while FAM131B rs4236482 is associated with the focal phenotype. Regarding the therapeutic response, the genetic polymorphisms of FAM131B rs4236482, GABRA1 rs2279020, and CACNG5 rs740805 are conferred poor response (resistance) to AEDs. There was no linkage of GLPD1 haplotypes to epilepsy, its subtypes, and treatment responsiveness. Conclusion Our findings suggested that SLC1A1, FAM131B, and GPLD1 polymorphisms increasing the risk of generating epilepsy, while FAM131B, GABRA1, and CACNG5 variants may play a role in predicting drug response in patients with epilepsy (PWE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith N Al-Eitan
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan.,Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Islam M Al-Dalala
- Department of Blood Banking, King Hussein Medical Centre, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Afrah K Elshammari
- Queen Rania Hospital for Children, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Wael H Khreisat
- Queen Rania Hospital for Children, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Aseel F Nimiri
- Queen Rania Hospital for Children, King Hussein Medical Center, Royal Medical Services, Amman, Jordan
| | - Adan H Alnaamneh
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanan A Aljamal
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mansour A Alghamdi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.,Genomics and Personalized Medicine Unit, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Wang Y, Wang G, Tao J, Li X, Hu L, Li Q, Lu J, Li Y, Li Z. Autophagy associated with the efficacy of valproic acid in PTZ-induced epileptic rats. Brain Res 2020; 1745:146923. [PMID: 32504548 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drugs. Patients who are non-responsive to VPA often present to the clinic; however, the mechanism of resistance is unclear. In this study, we found that responder and non-responder pentylenetetrazole-induced chronic epileptic rats had no significant differences in VPA concentrations in their plasma and brain tissues. Furthermore, through an RNA-sequence method, we identified 334 differentially expressed genes between VPA-responsive and non-responsive rats, while 21 pathways were enriched. Interestingly, 16 pathways, including the phagosome pathway, were commonly enriched compared to those in patients. We used transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy to further assess the level of autophagy in responder and non-responder rats. Non-responders had more autophagic vacuoles and an increased level of LC3B expression. Furthermore, epileptic rats that were previously administered 3-methyadenine (an inhibitor of autophagy) exhibited a slight increase in VPA efficacy. In conclusion, autophagy was associated with the efficacy of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, China; Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Guangfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jie Tao
- Central Laboratory, Department of Neurology, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Lan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, China
| | - Qin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Jinmiao Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Youbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Haikou, China.
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai 201102, China.
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Wang Y, Li Z. Association of UGT2B7 and CaMK4 with response of valproic acid in Chinese children with epilepsy. Therapie 2019; 75:261-270. [PMID: 31474408 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Valproic acid (VPA) is a widely used antiepileptic drug for epilepsy. However, approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy do not respond to this therapy even when it was appropriately used. In order to explore the potential genetic factors related to the VPA response, this pharmacogenetics study was conducted. METHODS A total of one hundred and fifty-seven Chinese children with epilepsy who were administered with by VPA for at least one year were enrolled. Thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in eight genes involving targets and metabolic enzymes of VPA were genotyped. The frequencies of these polymorphisms and the effect of genotypes on the efficacy of VPA were analyzed. RESULTS The frequencies of two SNPs, rs7668258 (uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase-2B7, UGT2B7) and rs306104 (calmodulin-kinase 4, CaMK4) were associated with VPA responses. However, no association was found for the other SNPs. Furthermore, the polymorphism of UGT2B7 influenced the adjusted concentration (AC) in the responders rather than in the non-responders. CONCLUSION Two SNPs (UGT2B7 and CaMK4) were associated with VPA response, which may explain the pharmacological mechanism of VPA resistance to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of pharmacy, children's hospital of Fudan university, Shanghai 201102, China; College of pharmacy, Hainan medical university, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of pharmacy, children's hospital of Fudan university, Shanghai 201102, China.
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Lack of association between valproic acid response and polymorphisms of its metabolism, transport, and receptor genes in children with focal seizures. Neurol Sci 2018; 40:523-528. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-018-3681-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Effect of CYP2C19, UGT1A8, and UGT2B7 on valproic acid clearance in children with epilepsy: a population pharmacokinetic model. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 74:1029-1036. [DOI: 10.1007/s00228-018-2440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Feng W, Mei S, Zhu L, Yu Y, Yang W, Gao B, Wu X, Zhao Z, Fang F. Effects of UGT2B7, SCN1A and CYP3A4 on the therapeutic response of sodium valproate treatment in children with generalized seizures. Seizure 2018; 58:96-100. [PMID: 29679912 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the associations between genetic polymorphisms and the effect of sodium valproate (VPA) therapy in children with generalized seizures. METHODS A total of 174 children with generalized seizures on VPA therapy were enrolled. Steady-state trough plasma concentrations of VPA were analyzed. Seventy-six single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in the absorption, metabolism, transport, and target receptor of VPA were identified, and their associations with the therapeutic effect (seizure reduction) were evaluated using logistic regression adjusted by various influence factors. RESULTS rs7668282 (UGT2B7, T > C, OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.19 to 5.91, P = 0.017) was more prevalent in drug-resistant patients than drug-responsive patients. rs2242480 (CYP3A4, C > T, OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.095 to 0.79, P = 0.017) and rs10188577 (SCN1A, T > C, OR = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.94, P = 0.035) were more prevalent in drug-responsive patients compared to drug-resistant patients. CONCLUSION In children with generalized seizures on VPA therapy, polymorphisms of UGT2B7, CYP3A4, and SCN1A genes were associated with seizure reduction. Larger studies are warranted to corroborate the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Leting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazhen Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoqin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
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Mei S, Feng W, Zhu L, Yu Y, Yang W, Gao B, Wu X, Zhao Z, Fang F. Genetic polymorphisms and valproic acid plasma concentration in children with epilepsy on valproic acid monotherapy. Seizure 2017; 51:22-26. [PMID: 28763744 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study is to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms and valproic acid (VPA) concentration to dose ratio in children with epilepsy on VPA monotherapy. METHODS A total of 137 children, aged 3.5-18 years, (89 males and 48 females) with epilepsy on sustained-release VPA monotherapy were enrolled. Trough plasma concentrations of VPA at steady-state were measured using an AXSYM automatic immunity analyzer. The values were divided by body weight and total daily dose to calculate concentration to dose ratio of VPA (CDRV). Forty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in the pharmacokinetics of VPA were identified by MassARRAY system. The logarithmic transformed CDRV (lnCDRV) was normally distributed, and PLINK software was used to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms and lnCDRV using linear regression adjusted for gender and seizure type. RESULTS rs28898617 (UGT1A3/4/5/6/7/8/9/10, BETA=0.32, P=0.0089) was significantly associated with higher lnCDRV. No other associations were found. CONCLUSIONS In pediatric patients taking VPA monotherapy, rs28898617 was associated with a higher normalized VPA plasma concentration. Further studies are warranted to confirm the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Mei
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China
| | - Weixing Feng
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China; Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Leting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yazhen Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weili Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Baoqin Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China.
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Analysis of the Variables Influencing Valproic Acid Concentration in the Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid of Chinese Patients After Craniotomy. Ther Drug Monit 2017; 39:450-456. [PMID: 28604475 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA) has been widely used in Chinese patients after craniotomy. Many studies have focused on the influencing factors of VPA serum concentration, but conclusions are sometimes paradoxical. Furthermore, the concentration of VPA in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been rarely reported. In the present study, VPA CSF concentrations were measured, and the potential factors influencing serum concentration and CSF distribution of VPA were investigated. In addition, the functional relationship between serum and CSF concentration was explored. METHODS Subjects were patients who underwent craniotomy and were administrated with VPA and had a lumbar puncture. Serum and CSF VPA concentrations were measured by use of the Abbott i1000 system. CYP2C9 (430 C>T, 1075 A>C, 1076 T>C, 1080 C>G), UGT1A6 (541 A>G, 552 A>C), UGT2B7 (211 G>T, 802 C>T), and ABCB1 (1236 C>T, 2677 G>T/A, 3435 C>T) genotypes were determined by direct sequencing. Information, such as age, gender, and height, was collected, and their effect on serum and CSF VPA concentrations was investigated by univariate analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS First, the concomitant use of carbapenems (β' = -0.422) and UGT1A6 (552 AA → AC) (β' = -0.249) had a significant negative correlation with the weight-adjusted VPA serum concentration (C:W ratio), whereas CYP2C9 (1075 AA → AC) (β' = 0.186) and gender (female compared with male) (β' = 0.322) showed a positive correlation with VPA serum C:W ratio. The coefficient of determination (R) was only 0.348. Second, the relationship between the serum concentration and the CSF square root of the concentration (R = 0.705) had a better linear fit. Third, serum VPA concentration (β' = 0.810), concomitant use of glycerol fructose (β' = 0.160), and age (≥65 compared with <65) (β' = 0.118) showed a positive correlation (R = 0.748) with the variability of square root of the concentration of the CSF. CONCLUSIONS In Chinese patients, after craniotomy, female patients with 1 or more of CYP2C9 (1075 AC) and UGT1A6 (552 AA) genotypes required a lower VPA dosage compared with male patient. There was a better-fitted linear relationship between VPA serum and the square root of CSF concentrations. CSF VPA concentrations were relatively stable, with only age and the use of glycerol fructose having a small influence.
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