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Alyoubi R, Al-Hayani MM, Mazi A, Bajawi AO, Alyazidi AS, Kobeisy SA. Identification of Child Abuse and Neglect Based on the Perception of Training Physicians in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e56985. [PMID: 38665740 PMCID: PMC11045244 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.56985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Child abuse and neglect (CAN) affects many countries, including Saudi Arabia (SA). CAN in SA is more commonly detected in hospitals. Therefore, healthcare professionals must identify and report the cases. This study aims to assess knowledge and perceptions toward CAN among training physicians. Methodology A cross-sectional survey was conducted through a self-administrated structured questionnaire and involved 123 residents and fellows who deal with children in Jeddah, SA. The participants were recruited using convenient sampling methods. Descriptive statistics, t-test, and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results We found that approximately 78% would report their findings to the legal authority, document them, and assess their consistency with parents and the child's explanation. However, only 41.5% of the participants would report CAN to the proper authority. Most participants believed that CAN should be redefined according to Saudi culture and religious standards. In contrast, 68.9% of the participants believed that CAN cases are under-reported in SA. The main barrier to not reporting is the fear of consequences (63.4%). About 77% of the participants agreed to the need for further training. Identifying the CAN indicators was higher among those who handled a CAN case previously (median = 66.67, p = 0.023). Conclusions In conclusion, the study showed that appropriate undergraduate and postgraduate curriculum training should be developed to strengthen future healthcare practitioners in dealing with CAN cases to protect children's welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alyoubi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Ahlam Mazi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Saleh SAK, Santos HO, Găman MA, Cerqueira HS, Zaher EA, Alromaih WR, Arafat NS, Adi AR, Adly HM, Alyoubi R, Alyahyawi N, Kord-Varkaneh H. Effects of intermittent fasting regimens on glycemic, hepatic, anthropometric, and clinical markers in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 59:70-80. [PMID: 38220409 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intermittent fasting (IF) regimens have been hypothesized to influence several markers of cardiometabolic and liver function. The objective of our meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of IF regimens on cardiometabolic and liver markers in subjects diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS We searched several online databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus and Embase) in order to identify suitable publications for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Results were expressed as weighted mean differences (WMD). RESULTS From 12343 articles identified in different databases, a total of 7 RCT arms were entered into the quantitative synthesis. The manuscripts were published between 2019 and 2023. IF regimens (the 5:2 diet, 16/8 time-restricting feeding, and alternate day fasting) varied from 2 months to 3 months. IF regimens reduced steatosis scores (WMD: -33.22 CAP dB/m, 95 % CI: -50.72 to -15.72), anthropometric characteristics of obesity (WMD: -0.77 kg/m2, 95 % CI: -1.38 to -0.17 for body mass index; WMD: -3.16 kg, 95 % CI: -4.71 to -1.61 for body weight; WMD: -1.90 kg, 95 % CI: -3.51 to -0.29 for waist circumference), as well as ALT (WMD: -9.10 U/L, 95 % CI: -12.45 to -5.75), triglyceride (WMD: -20.83 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -39.01 to -2.66), total cholesterol (WMD: -7.80 mg/dl, 95 % CI: -15.18), HbA1c (WMD: -0.14 %, 95 % CI: -0.20 to -0.08) and HOMA-IR (WMD: -1.21, 95 % CI: -2.08 to -0.34) levels versus controls. Nevertheless, no between-group differences were detected for other biomarkers, e.g., fasting blood glucose, insulin, AST, HDL-C or LDL-C values, and fibrosis scores. CONCLUSION IF regimens can improve some markers of cardiometabolic and liver function in patients with NAFLD. However, the available evidence to support the benefits of IF regimens is limited and derived from a small number of studies, thus further research is needed to clarify the impact of IF on the cardiometabolic health of NAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh A K Saleh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heitor O Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia 38408-100, Brazil
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Center of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Fundeni Clinical Institute, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Henrique S Cerqueira
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Eman Abbas Zaher
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wafa Romaih Alromaih
- Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Saud Arafat
- Department of Family Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Heba M Adly
- Department of Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alyoubi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseem Alyahyawi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamed Kord-Varkaneh
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Nutrition Health Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Magadmi R, Alyoubi R, Moshrif T, Bakhshwin D, Suliman BA, Kamel F, Jamal M, Burzangi AS, Basit S. Polymorphisms in the Drug Transporter Gene ABCB1 Are Associated with Drug Response in Saudi Epileptic Pediatric Patients. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2505. [PMID: 37760947 PMCID: PMC10526247 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common chronic neurodisorders in the pediatric age group. Despite the availability of over 20 anti-seizure medications (ASMs) on the market, drug-resistant epilepsy still affects one-third of individuals. Consequently, this research aimed to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) gene in epileptic pediatric patients and their response to ASMs. This multicentric, cross-sectional study was conducted among Saudi children with epilepsy in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The polymorphism variants of ABCB1 rs1128503 at exon 12, rs2032582 at exon 21, and rs1045642 at exon 26 were genotyped using the Sanger sequencing technique. The study included 85 children with epilepsy: 43 patients demonstrated a good response to ASMs, while 42 patients exhibited a poor response. The results revealed that good responders were significantly more likely to have the TT genotypes at rs1045642 and rs2032582 SNPs compared to poor responders. Additionally, haplotype analysis showed that the T-G-C haplotype at rs1128503, rs2032582, and rs1045642 was only present in poor responders. In conclusion, this study represents the first pharmacogenetic investigation of the ABCB1 gene in Saudi epileptic pediatric patients and demonstrates a significant association between rs1045642 and rs2032582 variants and patient responsiveness. Despite the small sample size, the results underscore the importance of personalized treatment for epileptic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Magadmi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (D.B.); (F.K.); (M.J.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Reem Alyoubi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tahani Moshrif
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (D.B.); (F.K.); (M.J.); (A.S.B.)
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 23816 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Duaa Bakhshwin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (D.B.); (F.K.); (M.J.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Bandar A. Suliman
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fatemah Kamel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (D.B.); (F.K.); (M.J.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Maha Jamal
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (D.B.); (F.K.); (M.J.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Abdulhadi S. Burzangi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.); (D.B.); (F.K.); (M.J.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Sulman Basit
- Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia;
- Centre for Genetics and Inherited Diseases, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Magadmi R, Alyoubi R. Demographic and Clinical Predictors of Drug Response in Epileptic Children in Jeddah. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2151. [PMID: 37626648 PMCID: PMC10452810 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease of the brain. Over 20 antiseizure medications are available on the market, but a third of patients still have drug-resistant epilepsy. This study was designed to assess the impact of the demographic and clinical characteristics of epileptic children on their likelihood of developing drug resistance. This study was a multicenter, hospital-based, cross-sectional, case-control study of pediatric patients diagnosed with epilepsy in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study included 101 children with epilepsy. Fifty-six patients showed good response to antiseizure medications (ASMs), and forty-five patients had a poor response. A statistically significant good response to ASMs was reported among younger patients, those who did not report parental consanguinity, those who did not have a family history of epilepsy, and those diagnosed with partial seizures, with no reported adverse effects. The levetiracetam regimen was statistically significant regarding the responsiveness to ASMs. Patients on a monotherapy regimen elicited a significantly better response to levetiracetam than patients on polytherapy (p < 0.001). No significant association was found between the response to ASMs and the sex, nationality, body mass index, complete blood count, or vitamin B12 level. In conclusion, the ASM response in epileptic patients can be predicted by knowing the patient's demographic and epileptic history. However, the complete blood count and vitamin B12 level failed to predict patients' response to ASMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Magadmi
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Alyoubi
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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Alyoubi R, Kobeisy SA, Basheikh M, Al-Sharief RA, Al-Hayani MM, Rayes YO, Alharthi A, Alyazidi AS, Alrayes N, Tayeb HO. The Association of Sociodemographic Factors, Postictal Symptoms, and Medical History With Seizure Type in Patients With Epilepsy: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e39763. [PMID: 37398836 PMCID: PMC10311941 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Approximately 50 million people globally suffer from epilepsy. The prevalence of epilepsy in Saudi Arabia has been reported at 6.5 per 1,000 persons, affecting nearly 1% of the entire population. However, limited data is available in the country regarding the sociodemographic factors affecting epilepsy and its associated postictal symptoms, which may lead to stigmatization and negatively impact patients. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in a survey format. Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine at King Abdulaziz University. The study population included patients with epilepsy who visited King Abdulaziz University Hospital's outpatient neurology clinics from October 2021 to March 2022. Results The study participants' average age at the time of the first seizure was 16.5 years, with patients experiencing seizures as early as within the first year of life and as late as 70 years of age. Patients who had had their first seizure during the first year of life did not have any schooling (p<0.0001) and had learning difficulties (p<0.00001). Focal onset impaired awareness seizures were significantly associated with motor weakness (p=0.023) and mood alterations (p=0.014), while postictal fear, anxiety or panic, and sleep disruption were statistically significant for focal onset aware seizures (p=0.015 and p=0.050). Conclusion This study highlights the sociodemographic differences between patients in Saudi Arabia and in other areas. It may also point to novel findings regarding the postictal symptoms associated with the various seizure types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Alyoubi
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Mazen Basheikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | | | - Yousof O Rayes
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, SAU
| | - Atheer Alharthi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, SAU
| | - Anas S Alyazidi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nuha Alrayes
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Haythum O Tayeb
- Department of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Alhazmi S, Aljahdli B, Farsi R, Alharbi M, Algothmi K, Alburae N, Ganash M, Azhari S, Basingab F, Almuhammadi A, Alqosaibi A, Alkhatabi H, Elaimi A, Jan M, Aldhalaan H, Alyoubi R, Alrafiah A, Alrofaidi A. The correlation between copy number variation in Chromosome 14 and DNA methylation in Saudi autistic children. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:7866-7882. [PMID: 36394735 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that represents a range of aberrant behaviour symptoms such as repetitive behaviours and defects in social communication. The prevalence of ASD has been increasing worldwide and many studies have reported that both genetic and epigenetic factors play an important role in the etiology of this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the implementation of DNA methylation and Copy number variation (CNV) in the diagnosis of ASD. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was carried out on 14 Saudi autistic children and four of their healthy siblings. Comparative genomic hybridization array was used to identify CNV in chromosome 14 and MethyLight qPCR was used to estimate levels of DNA methylation. RESULTS The results identified CNVs in six cytobands in chromosome 14 for 13 out of 14 autistic samples: 14q11.1-q11.2, 14q11.2, 14q12, 14q21.1, 14q32.2, and 14q32.33. However, some of these cytobands were also found in normal samples with different sizes. Interestingly, chromosomal abnormalities in 14q11.1-q11.2 was only found in ASD samples. The result also showed an increase in methylation ratio of ASD samples in those CNV regions compared with their siblings. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that CNV in 14q11.1-q11.2 might be a potential target in ASD diagnosis and further work is required to detect which biological pathways are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alhazmi
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Alyoubi R, Alotaibi A, Mohamed H, Alghamdi L, Alhumaidi N, Alsulami R, Tayyeb S. Medical Students’ Attitudes and Beliefs toward Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. JPRI 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i31b31695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common reasons for long-term disability among the world. Up to 70–85% of people develop a back pain during the course of their lives. It affects people of all ages and is generally caused by sedentary jobs, obesity, smoking and low socioeconomic status. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) harms one’s work effectiveness, psychological condition and social responsibilities, such as family life. LBP is considered an indication for medical rehabilitation and is increasingly becoming a significant factor in rising healthcare costs. The current LBP guidelines recommend health care professionals to encourage patients to conduct daily physical activity, which includes remaining in purposeful work and staying active daily. Health care practitioners (HCPs) who hold negative beliefs toward CLBP are likely to suggest advice against the present guidelines, including longdays absence from their jobs.On the other hand, HCPs holding positive beliefs are more likely to appreciate the guidelines.
Objective: We aimed to evaluate the beliefs and attitudes toward CLBP among medical students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia at the King Abdulaziz University (KAU), between June–July 2018.
Methods: We conducted a qualitative cross-sectional study among 370 medical students at the KAU using an online HC-PAIRS questionnaire. We entered the data using an Excel sheet (2013)and then analyzed it using SPSS (version 23). We used chi-square, one-way ANOVA and summary and independent t-tests.
Results: In this study, we used the mean and standard deviation of the total score to compare our study (µ = 64.43 ± 11.34) with a previous study that focused on functional restoration HCPs at the Tufts University, USA (µ = 38 ± 7) using summary t-test (t = –25.316). The p-value was significant (<0.001).
Conclusion: We demonstrated the differences between KAU students and HCPs at Tufts University regarding the HC-PAIRS questionnaire score, which revealed a higher mean score among our participants. This led us to conclude that KAU medical students hold negative attitudes and beliefs concerning the application of CLBP guidelines. In light of this, we recommend raising awareness about CLBP guidelines among the medical students and the society at large.
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Tayeb H, Yaghmoor B, Zamzami A, Almalki A, Alzaidi F, Alhusaini A, Altuwaijry M, Mandorah Y, Baduwailan A, Alyoubi R. Demographic and clinical factors associated with routine outpatient electroencephalography (EEG) findings at king Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Neurol Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.10.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Alyoubi R, Park I, Embuido J, Hwang P. 1. Alternating hemiplegia of childhood into adulthood (AHCA): Case series and literature update. Clin Neurophysiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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