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Abou-Taleb NH, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Enany NM, El-Subbagh HI. A new grey relational analysis application in analytical chemistry: Natural deep eutectic solvent as a green extractant for HPLC determination of lamotrigine in plasma. Microchem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Rahman H, Haque SM, Siddiqui MR. A Comprehensive Review on Importance and Quantitation of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs and their Active Metabolites in Commercial Dosage Forms. CURR PHARM ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412915666190328214323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects more than twenty-one
million people throughout the world. Schizophrenia also causes early death. Schizophrenia and other
related psychotic ailments are controlled by the prescription of antipsychotic drugs, which act by blocking
certain chemical receptors in the brain and thus relieves the symptoms of psychotic disorder. These
drugs are present in the different dosage forms in the market and provided in a certain amount as per the
need of the patients.
Objective:
Since such medications treat mental disorders, it is very important to have a perfect and accurate
dose so that the risk factor is not affected by a higher or lower dose, which is not sufficient for
the treatment. For accurate assay of these kinds of drugs, different analytical methods were developed
ranging from older spectrophotometric techniques to latest hyphenated methods.
Results:
The current review highlights the role of different analytical techniques that were employed in
the determination and identification of antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites. Techniques such as
spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, gas
chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry employed in the method development of
such antipsychotic drugs were reported in the review. Different metabolites, identified using the hyphenated
techniques, were also mentioned in the review. The synthesis pathways of few of the metabolites
were mentioned.
Conclusion:
The review summarizes the analyses of different antipsychotic drugs and their metabolites.
A brief introduction of illnesses and their symptoms and possible medications were highlighted. Synthesis
pathways of the associated metabolites were also mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibur Rahman
- Department of General Studies, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box No. 10099, Zip Code–31961, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - S.K. Manirul Haque
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering Technology, Jubail Industrial College, P.O. Box No 10099, Zip Code- 31961, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoom Raza Siddiqui
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Ecofriendly chromatographic methods for determination of co-prescribed drugs, olanzapine and metformin, in rat plasma. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:597-613. [PMID: 32441535 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Olanzapine (OLZ) is one of most recommended drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia while metformin (MET) is the most commonly used hypoglycemic agent. Aim: Development and validation of two green, sensitive and accurate chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of OLZ along with the co-prescribed, MET. Materials & methods: TLC-densitometric method with a developing system consisting of methylene chloride:methanol:ethyl acetate:triethylamine (4:4:5:0.1, by volume) and a reversed-phase (RP)-HPLC method where the chromatographic separation was performed using ethanol:water mixture (50: 50, v/v) as a mobile phase. Results: TLC-densitometric method had linearity over concentration ranges of 160-4000 ng/band for OLZ and 150-4500 ng/band for MET, while RP-HPLC method was linear and validated over concentration range of 300-20000 ng/ml for OLZ and MET. Conclusion: Pharmacokinetic study was successfully performed and suggested the possibility of co-administration of MET with OLZ and their further formulation in one pharmaceutical preparation to enhance patient's compliance.
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Abou-Taleb NH, El-Sherbiny DT, El-Enany NM, El-Subbagh HI. Multiobjective optimization of microemulsion- thin layer chromatography with image processing as analytical platform for determination of drugs in plasma using desirability functions. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1619:460945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.460945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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5
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Wang H, Qian D, Xiao X, Gao S, Cheng J, He B, Liao L, Deng J. A highly sensitive and selective sensor based on a graphene-coated carbon paste electrode modified with a computationally designed boron-embedded duplex molecularly imprinted hybrid membrane for the sensing of lamotrigine. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:663-670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ventura S, Rodrigues M, Pousinho S, Falcão A, Alves G. Determination of lamotrigine in human plasma and saliva using microextraction by packed sorbent and high performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection: An innovative bioanalytical tool for therapeutic drug monitoring. Microchem J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sensitive inexpensive HPLC determination of four antiepileptic drugs in human plasma: application to PK studies. Bioanalysis 2016; 8:2219-2234. [PMID: 27678163 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2016-0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Recently, polytherapy regimen has been introduced for the treatment of epileptic patients for better seizure control with lesser side effects and better control of multiple seizure types. Methodology: A simple, sensitive and highly specific reversed-phase HPLC method was developed for simultaneous determination of four antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), levetiracetam, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine and carbamazepine, in real human plasma without interference from endogenous components of plasma. Conclusion: The method was proved to be linear in the range of 0.5–50 µg/ml for all drugs. It was successfully applied for clinical PK study of the AEDs in healthy volunteers following single administration. Also, this method was applied for simultaneous determination of the studied drugs in volunteers’ plasma receiving synergistic binary combinations from the four AEDs when used as add-on therapy. The good precision and selectivity of the developed method allow it to be used for routine therapeutic drug monitoring of such drugs as a useful tool in epilepsy management.
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Yin L, Wang T, Shi M, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yang Y, Gu J. Simultaneous determination of ten antiepileptic drugs in human plasma by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry with positive/negative ion-switching electrospray ionization and its application in therapeutic drug monitoring. J Sep Sci 2016; 39:964-72. [PMID: 26711223 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201501067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- School of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun PR China
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun PR China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; Jilin University; Changchun PR China
| | - Tingting Wang
- School of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun PR China
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun PR China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; Jilin University; Changchun PR China
| | - Meiyun Shi
- School of Life and Medical Sciences; Dalian University of Technology; Panjin PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun PR China
| | - Xiaojun Zhao
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- School of Life Science; Jilin University; Changchun PR China
| | - Jingkai Gu
- Clinical Pharmacology Center, Research Institute of Translational Medicine; The First Hospital of Jilin University; Changchun PR China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism; Jilin University; Changchun PR China
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Shahrokhian S, Azimzadeh M, Hosseini P. Modification of a glassy carbon electrode with a bilayer of multiwalled carbon nanotube/benzene disulfonate-doped polypyrrole: application to sensitive voltammetric determination of olanzapine. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra04584j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Moreno AMJ, Navas MJ, Asuero AG. HPLC-DAD Determination of CNS-Acting Drugs in Human Blood, Plasma, and Serum. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013; 44:68-106. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.828570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Lu ML, Lin CH, Chen YC, Yang HC, Wu TH. Determination of olanzapine and N-desmethyl-olanzapine in plasma using a reversed-phase HPLC coupled with coulochemical detection: correlation of olanzapine or N-desmethyl-olanzapine concentration with metabolic parameters. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65719. [PMID: 23741510 PMCID: PMC3669135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olanzapine (OLZ) is one of the most prescribed atypical antipsychotic drugs but its use is associated with unfavorable metabolic abnormalities. N-desmethyl-olanzapine (DMO), one of the OLZ metabolites by CYP1A2, has been reported to have a normalizing action on metabolic abnormalities, but this remains unclear. Our aim was to explore the correlation between the concentrations of OLZ or DMO with various metabolic parameters in schizophrenic patients. METHODS The chromatographic analysis was carried out with a solvent delivery system coupled to a Coulochem III coulometric detector to determine OLZ and DMO simultaneously in OLZ-treated patients. The correlation between the concentration of OLZ or DMO and the metabolic parameters was analyzed by the Spearman rank order correlation method (r s). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The established analytical method met proper standards for accuracy and reliability and the lower limitation of quantification for each injection of DMO or OLZ was 0.02 ng. The method was successfully used for the analysis of samples from nonsmoking patients (n = 48) treated with OLZ in the dosage range of 5-20 mg per day. There was no correlation between OLZ concentrations and tested metabolic parameters. DMO concentrations were negatively correlated with glucose (r s = -0.45) and DMO concentrations normalized by doses were also negatively correlated with insulin levels (r s = -0.39); however, there was a marginally positive correlation between DMO and homocysteine levels (r s = +0.38). CONCLUSIONS The observed negative correlations between levels of DMO and glucose or insulin suggest a metabolic normalization role for DMO regardless of its positive correlation with a known cardiovascular risk factor, homocysteine. Additional studies of the mechanisms underlying DMO's metabolic effects are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mong-Liang Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hui Lin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chuan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huai-Chih Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Zhao F, Fan Q, Cai H. Flow-injection chemiluminescence determination of olanzapine using N-chlorosuccinimide-calcein reaction sensitized by zinc (II). LUMINESCENCE 2013; 29:219-24. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Shihezi University; Shihezi Xinjiang 832003 People's Republic of China
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Sensitive and selective methods for determination of antipsychotic drug olanzapine in pharmaceuticals. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-012-0786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Kang J, Park YS, Kim SH, Kim SH, Jun MY. Modern methods for analysis of antiepileptic drugs in the biological fluids for pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 15:67-81. [PMID: 21660146 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2011.15.2.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a chronic disease occurring in approximately 1.0% of the world's population. About 30% of the epileptic patients treated with availably antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) continue to have seizures and are considered therapy-resistant or refractory patients. The ultimate goal for the use of AEDs is complete cessation of seizures without side effects. Because of a narrow therapeutic index of AEDs, a complete understanding of its clinical pharmacokinetics is essential for understanding of the pharmacodynamics of these drugs. These drug concentrations in biological fluids serve as surrogate markers and can be used to guide or target drug dosing. Because early studies demonstrated clinical and/or electroencephalographic correlations with serum concentrations of several AEDs, It has been almost 50 years since clinicians started using plasma concentrations of AEDs to optimize pharmacotherapy in patients with epilepsy. Therefore, validated analytical method for concentrations of AEDs in biological fluids is a necessity in order to explore pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence and TDM in various clinical situations. There are hundreds of published articles on the analysis of specific AEDs by a wide variety of analytical methods in biological samples have appears over the past decade. This review intends to provide an updated, concise overview on the modern method development for monitoring AEDs for pharmacokinetic studies, bioequivalence and therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juseop Kang
- Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology Lab, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Rajendraprasad N, Basavaiah K. Highly sensitive spectrophotometric determination of olanzapine using cerium(IV) and iron(II) complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2′-bipyridyl. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934810050084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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AbuRuz S, Al-Ghazawi M, Al-Hiari Y. A Simple Dried Blood Spot Assay for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Lamotrigine. Chromatographia 2010. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-010-1569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Rajendraprasad N, Basavaiah K. Determination of olanzapine by spectrophotometry using permanganate. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502009000300020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new spectrophotometric methods using permanganate as the oxidimetric reagent for the determination of olanzapine (OLP) were developed and validated as per the current ICH guidelines. The methods involved the addition of known excess of permanganate to OLP in either acid or alkaline medium followed by the determination of unreacted permanganate at 550 nm (method A) or bluish-green color of manganate at 610 nm (method B). The decrease in absorbance in method A or increase in absorbance in method B as a function of concentration of OLP was measured and related to OLP concentration. Under optimized conditions, Beer's law was obeyed over the ranges 2.0 to 20 and 1.0 to 10 μg mL-1 in method A and method B, respectively. The calculated molar absorptivity values were 1.34 x 10(4) and 2.54 x 10(4) l mol-1cm-1 for method A and method B respectively, and the respective Sandell sensitivities were 0.0233 and 0.0123 μg cm-2. The LOD and LOQ for method A were calculated to be 0.37 and 1.13 μg mL-1and the corresponding values for method B were 0.16 and 0.48 μg mL-1. Intermediate precision, expressed as RSD was in the range 0.51 to 2.66 %, and accuracy, expressed as relative error ranged from 0.79 to 2.24 %. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the assay of OLP in commercial tablets with mean percentage recoveries of 102 ±1.59 % (method A) and 101 ±1.53 % (method B). The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further confirmed by performing recovery tests via standard addition procedure.
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Development of an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry micromethod for quantification of lamotrigine in human plasma and its use in a bioequivalence trial. Bioanalysis 2009; 1:47-55. [DOI: 10.4155/bio.09.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the present work was to develop a chromatographic technique coupled with mass spectrometry for the measurement of lamotrigine in plasma. Lamotrigine and guanabenz (internal standard) were measured by selected reaction monitoring. The method was validated and applied in a bioequivalence trial on 26 female volunteers. Lamotrigine chewable tablets (100 mg) were administered and monitored for up to 96 h. Results: The method was linear between 0.05 and 5.0 µg/ml, with acceptable stability, accuracy and precision. Mean maximum plasma concentration was 1.37 µg/ml and was reached at 1.6 h postdose. Elimination half-life was 32.7 h. Conclusion: Lamotrigine tablets were bioequivalent. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry represents a powerful tool in terms of sensitivity, specificity and high-throughput analysis.
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