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Li Y, Ma H, Wang J. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on the gut-testis axis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116539. [PMID: 38870734 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a large group of organic compounds which are comprised of two or more fused benzene rings. As a typical environmental pollutant, PAHs are widely distributed in water, soil, atmosphere and food. Despite extensive researches on the mechanisms of health damage caused by PAHs, especially their carcinogenic and mutagenic toxicity, there is still a lack of comprehensive summarization and synthesis regarding the mechanisms of PAHs on the gut-testis axis, which represents an intricate interplay between the gastrointestinal and reproductive systems. Thus, this review primarily focuses on the potential forms of interaction between PAHs and the gut microbiota and summarizes their adverse outcomes that may lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis, then compiles the possible mechanistic pathways on dysbiosis of the gut microbiota impairing the male reproductive function, in order to provide valuable insights for future research and guide further exploration into the intricate mechanisms underlying the impact of gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by PAHs on male reproductive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Haitao Ma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junling Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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El Hasbani G, E Nassar J, Elsayed Ali AM, Uthman I, Jawad A. The impact of nicotine smoking on spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Reumatismo 2024; 76. [PMID: 38916171 DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2024.1572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nicotine has major side effects on human health through numerous mechanisms, one of which is the alteration of the immune system and its genetic components. Such alteration can be a predisposing factor for autoimmune diseases such as spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This review aims to shed light on the effects of nicotine smoking on the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of SpA and RA. METHODS This review looked into the studies, excluding case reports and series, which were cited by PubMed/MEDLINE. RESULTS Patients with established autoimmune conditions may have a different underlying pathophysiology and disease course when exposed to nicotine through cigarette smoking. Through the involvement of several cytokines, endothelial dysfunction, and epigenetic mechanisms, the severity of SpA is more prominent in smokers. The global health status, pain, and fatigue are worse in SpA patients. The evidence on the effect of nicotine smoking on the treatment of SpA is still limited. Nicotine can contribute to RA via the disruption of cellular regulatory activity, inflammatory responses, morphological, physiological, biochemical, and enzymatic responses. As such, smokers with RA have higher disease activity and are more likely to be seropositive through the citrullination of peptides. In addition, these patients are at risk of achieving a suboptimal response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking can substantially affect the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of patients with SpA and RA. The impact of nicotine on the management of these diseases still needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- G El Hasbani
- Department of Medicine, Hartford HealthCare St. Vincent's Medical Center, Bridgeport, CT.
| | - J E Nassar
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut.
| | | | - I Uthman
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center.
| | - A Jawad
- Department of Rheumatology, Royal London Hospital.
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Beck AL, Uldbjerg CS, Lim YH, Coull BA, Sørensen KM, Utko MM, Wilkowski B, Rantakokko P, Bengtsson M, Lindh C, Petersen JH, Skakkebaek NE, Hauser R, Juul A, Bräuner EV. Cotinine concentrations in maternal serum and amniotic fluid during pregnancy and risk of testicular germ cell cancer in the offspring: A prospective nested case-control study. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:71-80. [PMID: 37603038 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Maternal smoking in pregnancy may increase the risk of testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) in offspring, but current evidence remains inconclusive. We performed a nested case-control study using cotinine measurements in maternal serum and amniotic fluid as a biomarker for tobacco exposure during pregnancy. A total of 654 males with maternal serum (n = 359, ncases/controls = 71/288) and/or amniotic fluid (n = 295, ncases/controls = 66/229) samples were included. Data on TGCC diagnoses and relevant covariates were derived from nationwide Danish health registries. Cotinine was quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. An adapted cox regression model estimated the risk of TGCC considering active and inactive tobacco use defined according to cotinine concentrations of <, ≥15 ng/ml. Overall, the concentrations of cotinine were comparable in maternal serum and amniotic fluid (medianserum/amniotic fluid : 2.1/2.6 ng/ml). A strong statistically significant correlation was detected in 14 paired samples (Spearman rho: 0.85). Based on maternal serum cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC in offspring (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.51; 1.52). Similarly, based on amniotic fluid cotinine concentrations, exposure to active tobacco use was not associated with risk of TGCC (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.64; 1.95). However, different risks were observed for seminomas and nonseminomas in both matrices, but none were statistically significant. Our findings did not provide convincing evidence supporting that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy is associated with TGCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid L Beck
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie S Uldbjerg
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent A Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Magdalena M Utko
- Digital Infrastructure, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Panu Rantakokko
- Department of Health Security, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marie Bengtsson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jørgen H Petersen
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels E Skakkebaek
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Russ Hauser
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anders Juul
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elvira V Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital-Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- International Research and Research Training Centre in Endocrine Disruption of Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Xu HR, Zhang YH, Ngo TL, Yang QH, Du SH, Wang XQ. Association between smoking and incident back pain: A prospective cohort study with 438 510 participants. J Glob Health 2023; 13:04152. [PMID: 37988369 PMCID: PMC10663706 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.13.04152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although smoking is a known potential contributor to back pain, there is still a lack of quantitative studies on the effects of different doses on back pain (BP) occurrence, including a lack of a longitudinal cohorts. To address this gap, we aimed to investigate the association between various smoking-related exposures and back pain incidence to advance global efforts toward smoking cessation and guide primary prevention of BP. Methods In this prospective cohort study, we retrieved data on 438 510 patients from the UK Biobank who were free of back pain and who were recruited in 2006-2010, and followed them up from baseline through 1 April 2022. We extracted data on smoking-related exposures, including smoking status (SS), number of cigarettes smoked daily (CPD), and pack-years of own smoking (PY) and examined back pain incidence as an outcome. We used a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for several covariates, multiple imputation methods, and population attribution fraction. Results During the median follow-up of 12.98 years, 31 467 participants developed BP, with incidence rates in former and current smokers of 1.13 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10-1.16, P < 0.000) and 1.50 (95% CI = 1.45-1.56, P < 0.000), respectively. The hazard ratios (HRs) of participants who smoked more than 30 CPD and those with more than 30 PY were 1.45 (95% CI = 1.36-1.55, P < 0.000) and 1.45 (95% CI = 1.40-1.50, P < 0.000), respectively. Relative to male, female smokers were at more risk of developing BP. Not smoking, quitting smoking, and reducing CPD and PY could lower the BP risk by 7.8%, 5.4%, 9.8%, and 18.0%, respectively. Conclusions Ever smoking, higher cigarette consumption daily, and increased smoking intensity were associated with an increased BP risk. This association was stronger in female smokers. Not smoking, smoking cessation, and reducing smoking volume and intensity were effective measures to prevent BP occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ran Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Hui Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Thanh Luan Ngo
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi-Hao Yang
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Hao Du
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue-Qiang Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Sport Rehabilitation, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
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5
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Christakoudi S, Tsilidis KK, Evangelou E, Riboli E. Interactions of platelets with obesity in relation to lung cancer risk in the UK Biobank cohort. Respir Res 2023; 24:249. [PMID: 37848891 PMCID: PMC10580651 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02561-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet count (PLT) is associated positively with lung cancer risk but has a more complex association with body mass index (BMI), positive only in women (mainly never smokers) and inverse in men (mainly ever smokers), raising the question whether platelets interact with obesity in relation to lung cancer risk. Prospective associations of platelet size (an index of platelet maturity and activity) with lung cancer risk are unclear. METHODS We examined the associations of PLT, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) (each individually, per one standard deviation increase) with lung cancer risk in UK Biobank men and women using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for BMI and covariates. We calculated Relative Excess Risk from Interaction (RERI) with obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), dichotomising platelet parameters at ≥ median (sex-specific), and multiplicative interactions with BMI (continuous scale). We examined heterogeneity according to smoking status (never, former, current smoker) and antiaggregant/anticoagulant use (no/yes). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 10.4 years, 1620 lung cancers were ascertained in 192,355 men and 1495 lung cancers in 218,761 women. PLT was associated positively with lung cancer risk in men (hazard ratio HR = 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09-1.20) and women (HR = 1.09; 95%CI: 1.03-1.15) but interacted inversely with BMI only in men (RERI = - 0.53; 95%CI: - 0.80 to - 0.26 for high-PLT-obese; HR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.88-0.96 for PLT*BMI). Only in men, MPV was associated inversely with lung cancer risk (HR = 0.95; 95%CI: 0.90-0.99) and interacted positively with BMI (RERI = 0.27; 95%CI = 0.09-0.45 for high-MPV-obese; HR = 1.08; 95%CI = 1.04-1.13 for MPV*BMI), while PDW was associated positively (HR = 1.05; 95%CI: 1.00-1.10), with no evidence for interactions. The associations with PLT were consistent by smoking status, but MPV was associated inversely only in current smokers and PDW positively only in never/former smokers. The interactions with BMI were retained for at least eight years of follow-up and were consistent by smoking status but were attenuated in antiaggregant/anticoagulant users. CONCLUSIONS In men, PLT was associated positively and MPV inversely with lung cancer risk and these associations appeared hindered by obesity. In women, only PLT was associated positively, with little evidence for interaction with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK.
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, Norfolk Place, London, W2 1PG, UK
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Varghese J, Muntode Gharde P. A Comprehensive Review on the Impacts of Smoking on the Health of an Individual. Cureus 2023; 15:e46532. [PMID: 37927763 PMCID: PMC10625450 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term smoking for several years has been known to cause severe ailments in humans from the beginning. Even after knowing that this dangerous addiction is a life-threatening deal, still, ironically, the prevalence of smoking is more or less not getting reduced to a desirable extent. Those who smoke are becoming miserable because of their habit of smoking. Still, on the other hand, due to passive smoking, many more innocent lives are also adversely affected for no fault. This aspect of smoking, i.e., passive or second-hand smoking, is a fearful complication of smoking which is seldom seen with other modes of addiction. Time and again, numerous researches have highlighted the adverse effects of smoking on the human body and the interference it does bring in one's life. Smoking contributes to the deterioration of many preexisting ailments and depletes many valuable aspects of the human body. Smoking thus has a devastating effect on almost all of the tissues of our body and thus exerts its effect on nearly all the major organs. This review article is made by analysing various findings from many researches conducted across the globe by having a thorough search of Pubmed database, which in turn is the main methodology of the article. This review article aims to provide a simple and subtle understanding of the ill effects of smoking on the human body by serving the readers with a readymade platter of comprehensive knowledge about smoking coupled with efforts to eliminate the associated myths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerin Varghese
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Pramita Muntode Gharde
- Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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Corrêa PCRP, de Sales RKB, Knorst MM, Pinto SRHL, Ragnini LFQ, Tourinho CAP, Storrer KM, Scuarcialupi MECDA, Castellano MVCDO, Albuquerque AAD, Ravara SB. The challenge of tobacco and nicotine use among women. REVISTA DA ASSOCIACAO MEDICA BRASILEIRA (1992) 2023; 69:e2023S124. [PMID: 37556643 PMCID: PMC10411695 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.2023s124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Rodrigues P. Corrêa
- Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Faculdade de Medicina – Ouro Preto (MG), Brazil
- Brazilian Thoracic Society, Tobacco Control Section – Brasília (DF), Brazil
| | - Roberta Karla B. de Sales
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicinaa, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto do Coração, Departamento de Pneumologia – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | - Marli Maria Knorst
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Pneumológicas, Faculdade de Medicina – Porto Alegre (RS), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Vera C. De O. Castellano
- Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo (Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual – Instituto de Assistência Médica ao Servidor Público Estadual) – São Paulo (SP), Brazil
| | | | - Sofia Belo Ravara
- Universidade da Beira Interior, Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde – Covilhã, Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário da Cova da Beira – Covilhã, Portugal
- Universidade NOVA, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública (CISP) – Lisboa, Portugal
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Mao Z, Yuan R, Wang X, Xie K, Xu B. Serum Concentrations of Benzaldehyde, Isopentanaldehyde and Sex Hormones: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. TOXICS 2023; 11:573. [PMID: 37505538 PMCID: PMC10383974 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental chemicals could disturb the balance of sex hormones. However, the studies on Benzaldehyde, Isopentanaldehyde exposure and sex hormones are still limited. Based on the data of 1064 participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we used the linear regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model to evaluate the associations of Benzaldehyde/Isopentanaldehyde exposure with testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), free androgen index (FAI) and the ratio of TT to E2 (TT/E2). A ln-unit increase in Benzaldehyde was associated with lower TT (β = -0.048, P = 0.030) and E2 (β = -0.094, P = 0.046) in all participants. After further adjustment for menopausal status, Benzaldehyde was negatively associated with E2 (β = -0.174, P = 0.045) in females. The interaction between Benzaldehyde and gender was significant (Pinter = 0.031). However, Isopentanaldehyde showed a positive association with SHBG and TT/E2 in all participants (all P < 0.05). The positive associations of Isopentanaldehyde with TT, SHBG and TT/E2 were found in males but not in females. RCS plots illustrated the linear associations of Benzaldehyde with E2 (Pnon-linear = 0.05) in females and Isopentanaldehyde with TT (Pnon-linear = 0.07) and TT/E2 (Pnon-linear = 0.350) in males. The non-linear relationships were identified between Isopentanaldehyde and SHBG in males (Pnon-linear = 0.035). Our findings indicated the effects of Benzaldehyde and Isopentanaldehyde exposure on sex hormones, and the effects had the gender specificity. Cohort studies and high-quality in vitro and in vivo experiments are needed to confirm the specific effects and uncover the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Mao
- Changzhou Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Rui Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Kaipeng Xie
- Department of Public Health, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
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Wang H, Li S, Chen B, Wu M, Yin H, Shao Y, Wang J. Exploring the shared gene signatures of smoking-related osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease using machine learning algorithms. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1204031. [PMID: 37251077 PMCID: PMC10213920 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1204031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Cigarette smoking has been recognized as a predisposing factor for both osteoporosis (OP) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to investigate the shared gene signatures affected by cigarette smoking in OP and COPD through gene expression profiling. Materials and methods: Microarray datasets (GSE11784, GSE13850, GSE10006, and GSE103174) were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method and a random forest (RF) machine learning algorithm were used to identify candidate biomarkers. The diagnostic value of the method was assessed using logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Finally, immune cell infiltration was analyzed to identify dysregulated immune cells in cigarette smoking-induced COPD. Results: In the smoking-related OP and COPD datasets, 2858 and 280 DEGs were identified, respectively. WGCNA revealed 982 genes strongly correlated with smoking-related OP, of which 32 overlapped with the hub genes of COPD. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the overlapping genes were enriched in the immune system category. Using LASSO regression and RF machine learning, six candidate genes were identified, and a logistic regression model was constructed, which had high diagnostic values for both the training set and external validation datasets. The area under the curves (AUCs) were 0.83 and 0.99, respectively. Immune cell infiltration analysis revealed dysregulation in several immune cells, and six immune-associated genes were identified for smoking-related OP and COPD, namely, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1 (MALT1), tissue-type plasminogen activator (PLAT), sodium channel 1 subunit alpha (SCNN1A), sine oculis homeobox 3 (SIX3), sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9), and vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35). Conclusion: The findings suggest that immune cell infiltration profiles play a significant role in the shared pathogenesis of smoking-related OP and COPD. The results could provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for managing these disorders, as well as shedding light on their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Wang
- Graduate School of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaoshuo Li
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Baixing Chen
- Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mao Wu
- Graduate School of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Heng Yin
- Graduate School of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Yang Shao
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Graduate School of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Wuxi Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
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10
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Stamatopoulos N, Lu C, Vo S, Vaquero ME, Leonardi M, Condous G. The effect of cigarette smoking on first-trimester crown-rump length. Australas J Ultrasound Med 2023; 26:21-25. [PMID: 36960140 PMCID: PMC10030090 DOI: 10.1002/ajum.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Does cigarette smoking impact the embryonic growth rate in the first trimester? Methods This is a retrospective multicentre observational study of 2912 pregnancies. Women who presented to the early pregnancy and perinatal ultrasound units between 2010 and 2019 were included in the study. The data collected included the following: smoking status, the crown-rump length (CRL) of the pregnancy at the first ultrasound that showed an embryonic heart rate, the gestation in days and the CRL at another ultrasound up to the nuchal translucency scan and the gestation in days. Additional demographic data included the following: age, weight, height, parity and mode of delivery.Of the 2912, complete smoking and demographic data were available for 657 pregnancies. One hundred and thirty-seven (26.3%) were smokers, and 520 (73.7%) were not. The rate of change of smokers vs non-smokers between two CRLs and two different days of gestation was calculated. The Wilcoxon rank sum test with continuity correction was used for statistical analysis. Results This gives a value of W = 31,940 and a P-value = 0.06. There is a slight shift in location for the smokers; however, it is not statistically significant. The insignificance may be due to the general large variance in growth rate. Conclusion The impact of cigarette smoking on embryonic growth rate detected by CRL in the first trimester is statistically insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stamatopoulos
- Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy and Advanced Endoscopy Surgery Unit, Sydney Medical School NepeanUniversity of Sydney, Nepean HospitalPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Women and Children's Health ServicesNepean HospitalKingswoodNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Computer SciencesAberystwyth UniversityWalesUK
| | - Samuel Vo
- Women and Children's Health ServicesNepean HospitalKingswoodNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mercedes Espada Vaquero
- Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy and Advanced Endoscopy Surgery Unit, Sydney Medical School NepeanUniversity of Sydney, Nepean HospitalPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Mathew Leonardi
- Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy and Advanced Endoscopy Surgery Unit, Sydney Medical School NepeanUniversity of Sydney, Nepean HospitalPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - George Condous
- Acute Gynaecology, Early Pregnancy and Advanced Endoscopy Surgery Unit, Sydney Medical School NepeanUniversity of Sydney, Nepean HospitalPenrithNew South WalesAustralia
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Rehan M, Zargar UR, Sheikh IA, Alharthy SA, Almashjary MN, Abuzenadah AM, Beg MA. Potential Disruption of Systemic Hormone Transport by Tobacco Alkaloids Using Computational Approaches. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10120727. [PMID: 36548560 PMCID: PMC9784225 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10120727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco/nicotine is one of the most toxic and addictive substances and continues to pose a significant threat to global public health. The harmful effects of smoking/nicotine affect every system in the human body. Nicotine has been associated with effects on endocrine homeostasis in humans such as the imbalance of gonadal steroid hormones, adrenal corticosteroid hormones, and thyroid hormones. The present study was conducted to characterize the structural binding interactions of nicotine and its three important metabolites, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and 5'-hydroxycotinine, against circulatory hormone carrier proteins, i.e., sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Nicotine and its metabolites formed nonbonded contacts and/or hydrogen bonds with amino acid residues of the carrier proteins. For SHBG, Phe-67 and Met-139 were the most important amino acid residues for nicotine ligand binding showing the maximum number of interactions and maximum loss in ASA. For CBG, Trp-371 and Asn-264 were the most important amino acid residues, and for TBG, Ser-23, Leu-269, Lys-270, Asn-273, and Arg-381 were the most important amino acid residues. Most of the amino acid residues of carrier proteins interacting with nicotine ligands showed a commonality with the interacting residues for the native ligands of the proteins. Taken together, the results suggested that nicotine and its three metabolites competed with native ligands for binding to their carrier proteins. Thus, nicotine and its three metabolites may potentially interfere with the binding of testosterone, estradiol, cortisol, progesterone, thyroxine, and triiodothyronine to their carrier proteins and result in the disbalance of their transport and homeostasis in the blood circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ummer R. Zargar
- Department of Zoology, Government Degree College, Anantnag 192101, Kashmir, India
| | - Ishfaq A. Sheikh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saif A. Alharthy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Toxicology and Forensic Sciences Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Animal House Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd A. Beg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Reproductive Biology Laboratory, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Liu J, Hao YY, Mao HJ, Sun XJ, Huang XL, Quan CX, Cao ML, Wei ST, Jin XZ, Wu YB. Evidence-based core information for health communication of tobacco control: The effect of smoking on risks of female disease. Front Public Health 2022; 10:986430. [PMID: 36330111 PMCID: PMC9623329 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.986430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Cigarettes have become the the biggest killer of contemporary female's health and beauty. What kind of health information is suitable for the general public is an important issue to be discussed globally. The purpose of this study is to generate systematic, rigorous, public-demand-oriented and appropriate core information relevant to tobacco control based on the best available evidence, combined with audience preferences and pre-dissemination content review from multidisciplinary expertise in order to improve the effectiveness of health communication of tobacco control. Methods Relevant systematic reviews meta-analysis that reported smoking on risks of female disease were identified by searching PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Clinical Trials.gov, and the International Clinical Trial Registry Platform. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) process was applied to assess the evidence in order to make rigorous core information. The audience prevalence survey was conducted to ensure that core information was targeted and tailored. Finally, the expert assessment was used for a pre-dissemination content review and to evaluate whether the core information was appropriate or not. Results The final core information consisted of eight parts concerning the effects of smoking and female cardiovascular disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, respiratory disease, digestive system disease, mental disease, non-pregnant female reproductive system disease, as well as pregnant women and their fetuses. A total of 35 items of core information suitable for dissemination was included and the quality of evidence, the degree of public demand and the outcome of pre-dissemination content review were reported. Conclusion The core information related to female cardiovascular system diseases, as well as liver cancer and upper gastrointestinal cancer is the preferred content for health communication of tobacco control. The quality of evidence for core information related to pregnant women and their infants, as well as diseases of reproductive system, respiratory system, and diabetes needs to be improved to meet high public demand. The core information related to mental disease is more suitable for dissemination to patients with mental illness than to the general public. Besides, dissemination of core information should be individualized. Evidence-based Core Information for Health Communication of Tobacco Control would be helpful to provide evidence support for health communication related to tobacco control and enhance public health literacy for international communities that have high smoking prevalence and related disease burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Yi Hao
- School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui-Jia Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiang-Ju Sun
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Huang
- The Third Clinical Department, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chen-Xin Quan
- School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Ling Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue-Zheng Jin
- Department of Health Communication, Chinese Center for Health Education, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Xue-Zheng Jin
| | - Yi-Bo Wu
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Yi-Bo Wu
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Na HW, Kim HS, Choi H, Cha N, Seo YR, Hong YD, Kim HJ. Transcriptome Analysis of Particulate Matter 2.5-Induced Abnormal Effects on Human Sebocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911534. [PMID: 36232834 PMCID: PMC9570376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), an atmospheric pollutant with an aerodynamic diameter of <2.5 μm, can cause serious human health problems, including skin damage. Since sebocytes are involved in the regulation of skin homeostasis, it is necessary to study the effects of PM2.5 on sebocytes. We examined the role of PM2.5 via the identification of differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment and canonical pathway analysis, upstream regulator analysis, and disease and biological function analysis through mRNA sequencing. Xenobiotic and lipid metabolism, inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell barrier damage-related pathways were enriched; additionally, PM2.5 altered steroid hormone biosynthesis and retinol metabolism-related pathways. Consequently, PM2.5 increased lipid synthesis, lipid peroxidation, inflammatory cytokine expression, and oxidative stress and altered the lipid composition and expression of factors that affect cell barriers. Furthermore, PM2.5 altered the activity of sterol regulatory element binding proteins, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transforming growth factor beta-SMAD, and forkhead box O3-mediated pathways. We also suggest that the alterations in retinol and estrogen metabolism by PM2.5 are related to the damage. These results were validated using the HairSkin® model. Thus, our results provide evidence of the harmful effects of PM2.5 on sebocytes as well as new targets for alleviating the skin damage it causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Na
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Hyunjung Choi
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Nari Cha
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Young Rok Seo
- Department of Life Science, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Dongguk University Biomedi Campus, Goyang 10326, Korea
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
| | - Hyoung-June Kim
- Research and Innovation Center, AMOREPACIFIC, Yongin 17074, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-280-5827; Fax: +82-31-899-2595
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Lindbo D, Arendt LH, Ernst A, Lunddorf LLH, Brix N, Ramlau-Hansen CH. Maternal Cigarette Smoking During Pregnancy and Genital Anomalies in Boys: A Register-Based Cohort and Sibling-Matched Design Study. Clin Epidemiol 2022; 14:901-910. [PMID: 35912163 PMCID: PMC9329573 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s368826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cryptorchidism and hypospadias share several prenatal risk factors. However, in published studies, boys exposed to cigarette smoking during pregnancy have a higher risk of cryptorchidism and a lower risk of hypospadias. Using Danish register-based data, we revisited these findings with a cohort and sibling-matched design to investigate the potential effect of shared time-stable factors. Patients and Methods For the cohort study, we included 823,670 live-born, singleton boys born from 1991 to 2016. Crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models for each genital anomaly according to maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy. For the sibling-matched design, we included 399,258 brothers and used a stratified Cox regression model creating family-adjusted results. Results In the cohort study, we found a higher risk of cryptorchidism (aHR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.24) and a lower risk of hypospadias (aHR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.93) when comparing boys exposed to cigarette smoking with non-exposed, and for increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked. In comparison, the sibling-matched analyses suggested a slightly weaker association for cryptorchidism and an association of similar magnitude for hypospadias, both in the same direction as in the cohort study. Conclusion Shared, familial confounding does not seem to explain earlier findings of higher risk of cryptorchidism and lower risk of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lindbo
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Correspondence: Daniel Lindbo, Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Bartholins Allé 2, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark, Tel +45 21950102, Email
| | - Linn Håkonsen Arendt
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Horsens Region Hospital, Horsens, Denmark
| | - Andreas Ernst
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Urology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Nis Brix
- Department of Public Health, Research Unit for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Faghani M, Saedi S, Khanaki K, Mohammadghasemi F. Ginseng alleviates folliculogenesis disorders via induction of cell proliferation and downregulation of apoptotic markers in nicotine-treated mice. J Ovarian Res 2022; 15:14. [PMID: 35067219 PMCID: PMC8785492 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-022-00945-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginseng is a powerful phytoestrogen with high antioxidant properties. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Panax Ginseng (PG) on folliculogenesis, proliferation, and apoptosis in the ovary impaired by nicotine. Methods Forty adult mice were divided into five groups. Control, sham, and nicotine groups, and co-treated groups of nicotine and ginseng in doses of 0.5 and 1 g/kg. Folliculogenesis was assessed via histopathology and serum evaluation of estradiol, progesterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) by ELISA. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities both in homogenate tissue and serum were assayed by colorimetric analysis. Apoptotic markers of cytochrome c (Cyt c), Bax, and Bcl-2 were evaluated by RT-PCR. Proliferative index was studied by the Ki-67 immunostaining procedure. Results In comparison to the control or sham groups, nicotine significantly reduced the levels of FSH, LH, and estradiol hormones. An insignificant reduction was observed in the progesterone hormone. Nicotine reduced all healthy follicle numbers, except primordial (P = 0.001). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased in tissue and serum in the nicotine group (P = 0.01). Serum catalase (CAT) and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) both were reduced in tissue and the serum, in the nicotine group. Nicotine induced a reduction in the proliferative indexes of granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles (P = 0.001). However, its effect on the proliferative index of stroma cells was not significant. Apoptotic markers were elevated in the nicotine group (P = 0.001). Co-treatment with ginseng elevated all sex hormones, increased healthy follicles, and reduced tissue or serum lipid peroxidation, compared with the nicotine group (p < 0.05). Co-Treatment with ginseng also reduced the expression of apoptotic markers and increased the proliferative indexes in granulosa and theca cells in pre-antral and antral follicles and also in stroma cells, in comparison to the nicotine group (P = 0.001). All above-mentioned alterations following treatment with ginseng were remarkable, especially in the dose of 1 g/kg. Conclusion This study showed ginseng protects folliculogenesis via alteration of hypothalamic- pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis, induction of proliferation in ovarian somatic cells, reduction of lipid peroxidation, and downregulation of apoptotic markers in the mouse ovary, treated with nicotine.
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Zhong P, Lin Y, Chen T. A decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Chin Neurosurg J 2021; 7:45. [PMID: 34724983 PMCID: PMC8559372 DOI: 10.1186/s41016-021-00261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether smoking is related to a decreased risk of meningioma in women is still controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the association between smoking and risk of meningiomas in women. Methods Two authors independently performed a systematic literature review in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases. We identified case-control and cohort studies quantifying associations between smoking and risk of meningioma in women. A meta-analysis by pooling studies was performed according to the multivariate-adjusted risk estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) preferentially. We further conducted additional subgroup and sensitivity analyses to explore possible explanations of the results. Results A total of seven observational studies were included, with a total of 2132 female patients diagnosed with meningiomas. Ever smoking was associated with a significantly reduced risk of meningioma in women, with pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.83 (95% CI 0.70–0.98). Similar findings were noted for current (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.66–0.93) and past (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.71–0.94) smokers. However, considering the areas, the OR of ever smoking was 0.77 (95% CI 0.68–0.87) in three American studies, but 0.99 (95% CI 0.73–1.35) in four studies conducted in other countries. Conclusions Based on limited epidemiological evidence, a decreased risk of meningioma in women smokers was only observed in American studies rather than studies conducted in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhong
- BE and Phase I Clinical Trial Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yiting Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xiamen Haicang Hospital, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Examination and Blood Collection, Xiamen Blood Center, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
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Analysis of potential genetic biomarkers and molecular mechanism of smoking-related postmenopausal osteoporosis using weighted gene co-expression network analysis and machine learning. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0257343. [PMID: 34555052 PMCID: PMC8459994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0257343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Smoking is a significant independent risk factor for postmenopausal osteoporosis, leading to genome variations in postmenopausal smokers. This study investigates potential biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of smoking-related postmenopausal osteoporosis (SRPO). MATERIALS AND METHODS The GSE13850 microarray dataset was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene modules associated with SRPO were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and pathway and functional enrichment analyses. Feature genes were selected using two machine learning methods: support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) and random forest (RF). The diagnostic efficiency of the selected genes was assessed by gene expression analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS Eight highly conserved modules were detected in the WGCNA network, and the genes in the module that was strongly correlated with SRPO were used for constructing the PPI network. A total of 113 hub genes were identified in the core network using topological network analysis. Enrichment analysis results showed that hub genes were closely associated with the regulation of RNA transcription and translation, ATPase activity, and immune-related signaling. Six genes (HNRNPC, PFDN2, PSMC5, RPS16, TCEB2, and UBE2V2) were selected as genetic biomarkers for SRPO by integrating the feature selection of SVM-RFE and RF. CONCLUSION The present study identified potential genetic biomarkers and provided a novel insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of SRPO.
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Setti AS, Halpern G, Braga DPDAF, Iaconelli A, Borges E. Maternal lifestyle and nutritional habits are associated with oocyte quality and ICSI clinical outcomes. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:370-379. [PMID: 34857474 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Do maternal lifestyle factors influence the incidence of oocyte dimorphisms and outcomes of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles? DESIGN A total of 752 female patients undergoing an ICSI cycle at a private university-affiliated IVF centre from January 2015 to December 2019 were included in this historical cohort study. Before starting ovarian stimulation, participants completed a questionnaire on cigarette smoking habits, consumption of alcoholic beverages, refined sugar, artificial sweeteners, soft drinks, fruits, legumes and vegetables, milk and dairy, and meat, as well as exercise frequency over the past 6 months. Oocyte morphology was evaluated before ICSI. The influence of maternal lifestyle factors on the incidence of oocyte dimorphisms and ICSI outcomes was evaluated by multivariate general linear models and generalized linear models, adjusted for potential confounders. The main outcome measures were the incidence of oocyte dimorphisms per cycle and clinical outcomes. RESULTS Lifestyle factors and nutritional habits such as cigarette smoking, and the consumption of alcohol, refined sugar and artificial sweeteners, were positively associated with incidence of several oocyte dimorphisms and negatively associated with the response to ovarian stimulation and embryo development. Negative relationships were also observed between these habits and clinical outcomes, apart from miscarriage rate, in which positive relationships were observed. Significant negative dose-dependent relationships between these habits and implantation rates were noted (P < 0.001). Alcoholic beverage consumption also showed inverse dose-dependent relationships with clinical pregnancy and live birth rates. Live birth rate was also negatively associated with cigarette smoking, in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Poor maternal habits were associated with reduced oocyte quality and ICSI outcomes in this study. Many of these associations were shown to be dose-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Souza Setti
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 4545, São Paulo - SP 01401-002, Brazil; Sapientiae Institute - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo - SP 04503-040, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Halpern
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 4545, São Paulo - SP 01401-002, Brazil
| | - Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira Braga
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 4545, São Paulo - SP 01401-002, Brazil; Sapientiae Institute - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo - SP 04503-040, Brazil
| | - Assumpto Iaconelli
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 4545, São Paulo - SP 01401-002, Brazil; Sapientiae Institute - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo - SP 04503-040, Brazil
| | - Edson Borges
- Fertility Medical Group, Av. Brigadeiro Luis Antonio, 4545, São Paulo - SP 01401-002, Brazil; Sapientiae Institute - Centro de Estudos e Pesquisa em Reprodução Humana Assistida, Rua Vieira Maciel, 62, São Paulo - SP 04503-040, Brazil
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Tao C, Li Z, Fan Y, Li X, Qian H, Yu H, Xu Q, Lu C. Independent and combined associations of urinary heavy metals exposure and serum sex hormones among adults in NHANES 2013-2016. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 281:117097. [PMID: 33878511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicated that heavy metals may disrupt human sex hormones. However, the combined effects of heavy metals on sex hormones remain to be clarified. To explore the independent and combined associations between heavy metal exposure and serum sex hormones among adults, data of 2728 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was applied. We examined independent and combined associations of fourteen urinary heavy metals and three serum sex steroid hormones (total testosterone (TT), estradiol (E2) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)). Multivariate linear regression was used to evaluate the independent associations between metal exposure and sex hormone alterations. Principle component analysis -weighted quantile sum regression (PCA-WQSR) model was performed to estimate the combined associations in our individuals. In the co-exposure model, we determined that weighted quantile sum (WQS) index of industrial pollutants was negatively associated with E2 in females (WQS Percent change8-metal = -20.6%; 95% CI: -30.1%, -9.96%), while in males WQS index of water pollutants was negatively related to SHBG (WQS Percent change8-metal = -5.35%; 95% CI: -9.88%, -0.598%). Cadmium (Cd), tin (Sn) and lead (Pb) were the dominating metals of female E2-negative association while Ba was the leading contributor related to male SHBG reduction, which was consistent with the results of multivariate linear regression. Additionally, in postmenopausal women, the associations of E2 decrease with heavy metal co-exposure remained significant while Cd and monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) were identified as hazardous metals in the mixture. We concluded that the exposure to heavy metals was associated with human sex hormone alterations in independent or combined manners. Considering the design of NHANES study, further studies from other national-representative surveys are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Xiuzhu Li
- Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuxi, 214023, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Wei M, Zhao L, Lv J, Li X, Zhou G, Fan B, Shen X, Zhao D, Xue F, Wang J, Zhang T. The mediation effect of serum metabolites on the relationship between long-term smoking exposure and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:415. [PMID: 33858379 PMCID: PMC8050928 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term smoking exposure will increase the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), whereas the mechanism is still unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study to explore whether serum metabolites mediate the occurrence of ESCC caused by cigarette smoking. METHODS Serum metabolic profiles and lifestyle information of 464 participants were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of smoking exposure to ESCC risk. High-dimensional mediation analysis and univariate mediation analysis were performed to screen potential intermediate metabolites of smoking exposure for ESCC. RESULTS Ever smoking was associated with a 3.11-fold increase of ESCC risk (OR = 3.11, 95% CI 1.63-6.05), and for each cigarette-years increase in smoking index, ESCC risk increased by 56% (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.18-2.13). A total of 5 metabolites were screened as mediators by high-dimensional mediation analysis. In addition, glutamine, histidine, and cholic acid were further proved existing mediation effects according to univariate mediation analysis. And the proportions of mediation of histidine and glutamine were 40.47 and 30.00%, respectively. The mediation effect of cholic acid was 8.98% according to the analysis of smoking index. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking contributed to incident ESCC, which may be mediated by glutamine, histidine and cholic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengke Wei
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- Tumor Preventative and Therapeutic Base of Shandong Province, Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng, 271600, China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Guangshuai Zhou
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaotao Shen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, and Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Deli Zhao
- Tumor Preventative and Therapeutic Base of Shandong Province, Feicheng People's Hospital, Feicheng, 271600, China
| | - Fuzhong Xue
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.,Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250117, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, PO Box 100, 44 Wenhua Xi Rd, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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21
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Rehan M, Ahmad E, Beg MA. Structural binding perspectives of a major tobacco alkaloid, nicotine, and its metabolite cotinine with sex-steroid nuclear receptors. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 40:1410-1420. [PMID: 32346888 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Globally, more than a billion people smoke tobacco making it one of the biggest public health problems and a leading risk factor for global deaths. Nicotine, the main alkaloid in tobacco, has been shown to be associated with fertility problems in men and women. The adverse effects of tobacco/nicotine on reproduction have been attributed to deleterious effects on gametes, steroidogenic imbalance, and competitive inhibition of steroid receptors. The present study reports the sex-steroid receptor disrupting potential of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine against the estrogen receptor-α (ERα), ERβ, androgen receptor (AR), and progesterone receptor (PR). Both ligands bound in the ligand-binding pockets of ERα, ERβ, AR and PR and formed important hydrophobic interactions with different amino-acid residues of receptors. Most of the residues of ERα, ERβ, AR and PR interacting with nicotine and cotinine were common with those of native/bound ligands of the receptors. Interacting amino acids most important for binding of nicotine and cotinine with each receptor were identified by loss in accessible surface area. Amino acids Leucine-346, Leucine-384 and Phenylalanine-404 for ERα; Methionine-336, Phenylalanine-356 and Leucine-298 for ERβ; and Leucine-704 and Leucine-718, respectively for AR and PR, were the most important residues for binding with nicotine and cotinine. Among the four receptors, based on the number of interactions, nicotine and cotinine had greater potential to interfere in the signaling of ERβ. In conclusion, the results suggested that nicotine and cotinine bind and interact with sex-steroid nuclear receptors and have potential to interfere in the steroid hormone signaling resulting in reproductive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Rehan
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Alinagar Colony, Focus Institute, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Mohd A Beg
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Bourdon M, Ferreux L, Maignien C, Patrat C, Marcellin L, Pocate-Cheriet K, Chapron C, Santulli P. Tobacco consumption is associated with slow-growing day-6 blastocysts. F S Rep 2020; 1:30-36. [PMID: 34223209 PMCID: PMC8244283 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfre.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate if there are any obvious clinical factors associated with delayed blastulation at day 6 (D6) compared with day 5 (D5). DESIGN Monocentric observational cohort study from November 2012 to December 2018. SETTING Tertiary-care academic medical center. PATIENTS A total of 941 women with an entire cohort of exclusively D5 blastocysts compared with 162 patients with a cohort of exclusively D6 blastocysts. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical characteristics and data related to the ovarian stimulation protocols. RESULTS After univariate analysis, a significantly higher proportion of women who were active smokers was found in the D6 group compared with the D5 group (n = 22/162 [13.6%] vs. n = 82/941 [8.7%]). In addition, the women in the D6 group had a higher rank number of assisted reproductive technology (ART; total no. of ART cycles performed: 2.1 ± 1.4 vs. 1.6 ± 1.1) and a lower antral follicle count (AFC; 18.7 ± 11.3 vs. 22.2 ± 12.8). Moreover, fertilization with the use of intracytoplasmic sperm injection was used more frequently in the D6 group compared with the D5 group. Logistic regression analysis adjusted for confounders highlighted several independent predictors for reaching blastocyst stage at D6 rather than D5: being an active smoker, previous ART cycles, and a lower AFC. CONCLUSIONS Obtaining an exclusively D6 blastocyst cohort is independently associated with women who are active smokers, previous ART cycles, and a lower AFC. These findings provide evidence, to be confirmed by further studies, that women who are active smokers could greatly benefit from smoking cessation before undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Bourdon
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris
| | - Lucile Ferreux
- Service d’Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Maignien
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris
| | - Catherine Patrat
- Service d’Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Louis Marcellin
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris
| | - Khaled Pocate-Cheriet
- Service d’Histologie-Embryologie-Biologie de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris, France
| | - Charles Chapron
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris
| | - Pietro Santulli
- Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique II et de Médecine de la Reproduction, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris Centre, Cochin, Paris
- Institut Cochin, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1016, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris
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23
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Ruiz-García L, Figueroa-Vega N, Malacara JM, Barrón-Vivanco B, Salamon F, Carrieri M, Jiménez-Garza O. Possible role of n-hexane as an endocrine disruptor in occupationally exposed women at reproductive age. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:73-79. [PMID: 32439582 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to n-hexane has been associated with subfertility and, experimentally, with a decrease in follicular development. In order to assess occupational exposure to n-hexane on ovarian function and gonadotropic hormones, we studied Mexican women labouring in a leather shoe factory (n = 34). Individual environmental levels for seven solvents, n-hexane included, were measured; also, urinary 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-HD) was determined. For ovarian function and hormonal status, FSH, LH, oestradiol and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels were determined. We performed all determinations also in a reference group, administrative workers with no exposure to solvents (n = 32). Results: N-hexane and urinary 2,5-HD levels were higher in exposed group (p < 0.001). More cases of oligomenorrhea as well as longer time for getting pregnant were observed in exposed women compared with controls; a positive association was found between menstrual cycle length and "time for getting pregnant" (p = 0.010); significant associations between FSH serum levels and 2,5-HD urinary levels (post-shift sample) were observed in non-smokers participants presenting oligomenorrhea from exposed group. Also, we found a trend for lower oestradiol levels in exposed participants with current smoking habit (p = 0.059). Conclusions: 2,5-HD urinary levels are associated with decreased gonadotropins levels; hence, n-hexane should be considered an endocrine disruptor in reproductive-age women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Ruiz-García
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Blvd. Puente del Milenio 1001. Fracción del Predio San Carlos, León Guanajuato, C.P 37670, Mexico
| | - Nicté Figueroa-Vega
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de enero #929, center, C.P 37320, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Juan M Malacara
- Medical Sciences Department, Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, 20 de enero #929, center, C.P 37320, León, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Briscia Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution, Autonomous University of Nayarit, Av de la Cultura Amado Nervo S/N, CP 36000 Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico
| | - Fabiola Salamon
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, C.P 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Mariella Carrieri
- Department of Cardiologic, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, C.P 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Octavio Jiménez-Garza
- Health Sciences Division, University of Guanajuato, Campus León, Blvd. Puente del Milenio 1001. Fracción del Predio San Carlos, León Guanajuato, C.P 37670, Mexico.
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Ali BH, Al-Salam S, Al Balushi KA, Al Za’abi M, Adham SA, Beegam S, Yuvaraju P, Manoj P, Nemmar A. Ameliorative Effect of Gum Acacia on Hookah Smoke-Induced Testicular Impairment in Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050762. [PMID: 32414135 PMCID: PMC7277429 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated some reproductive actions of hookah smoke (HS) exposure (30 min/day, for 30 days) in male mice, and the possible mitigative effect of the prebiotic agent gum acacia (GA) thereon. Control mice were air-exposed (AE). Twenty-four hours after the last exposure, the levels of some plasma reproductive hormones, biochemical markers of inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress and testicular histopathology were assessed. The urinary level of cotinine, a major nicotine metabolite, was also measured. HS exposure induced significant decreases in testosterone, estradiol, luteinizing hormone, and androgen binding protein, as well as glutathione reductase activity and levels of nitrite and total nitrite. Plasma inhibin B, alkaline phosphatase, lipopolysaccharide binding protein, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, 8-oxo-2’-deoxyguanosine, and cytochrome C were significantly increased following HS exposure. In testicular homogenate, nuclear factor-κB (NF-ĸB), nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF- β1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF- α) were all significantly elevated, and the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) significantly decreased. Histopathologically, there was slight impairment and disorganization of spermatogenesis. Urinary cotinine concentration was elevated significantly in the HS-exposed group compared with the air-exposed group. GA co-administration mitigated the adverse actions of HS measured. In conclusion, daily exposure to HS at the above dose induced adverse actions on the reproductive system of male mice. GA co-administration significantly mitigated these effects by reducing the inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress, via a mechanism involving Nrf2, and reduction of StAR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badreldin H. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Suhail Al-Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE;
| | - Khalid A. Al Balushi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Mohammed Al Za’abi
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Sirin A. Adham
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman;
| | - Sumaya Beegam
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.)
| | - Priya Yuvaraju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.)
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat 123, Oman; (B.H.A.); (K.A.A.B.); (M.A.Z.); (P.M.)
| | - Abderrahim Nemmar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 17666, UAE; (S.B.); (P.Y.)
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 17666, UAE
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-371-375-33
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25
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Bjørklund G, Pivina L, Dadar M, Semenova Y, Rahman MM, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Depleted uranium and Gulf War Illness: Updates and comments on possible mechanisms behind the syndrome. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 181:108927. [PMID: 31796256 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indications of proximal tubule effects have been observed in recent surveillance study of Gulf War veterans exposed to depleted uranium (DU). This gives some support for the suspicion that DU may represent one of the causes for the so-called Persian Gulf syndrome. Proposed effects may be especially harmful if the toxicity hits the mitochondrial DNA since the mitochondria lack the nucleotide excision repair mechanism, which is needed for repairing bulky adducts that have been associated with DU. It is a plausible working hypothesis that a significant part of the symptoms from various organs, which have been observed among veterans from Gulf War 1 and that have been grouped under the name of the Persian Gulf syndrome, may be explained as a consequence of mitochondrial DNA damage in various cell types and organs. Interpretation of observations, on military personnel and civilians after Gulf War 1, is associated with difficulties because of the abundance of potential confounding factors. The symptoms observed on veterans from Gulf War 1 may be attributed to a multiplicity of substances functioning directly or indirectly as mitochondrial mutagens. A concise analysis of the cascade of toxic effects initiated by DU exposure in the human body is the subject of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine (CONEM), Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Lyudmila Pivina
- Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Yuliya Semenova
- Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan; CONEM Kazakhstan Environmental Health and Safety Research Group, Semey Medical University, Semey, Kazakhstan
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy; CONEM Scientific Secretary, Verona, Italy
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway; IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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26
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Influence of Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Nitric Oxide Status of Pregnant Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15122719. [PMID: 30513890 PMCID: PMC6313314 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Smoking tobacco can impair proper vascular endothelial functioning. This is exhibited through reduced nitric oxide synthesis as well as activity due to accompanying oxidative stress. We examined the relationship between nitric oxide and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense in serum of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. Subjects included 99 healthy pregnant women, who were tested for nitric oxide (NO), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase, total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). NO, eNOS, and TAC serum concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.005), but iNOS (p < 0.05) and TOC (p < 0.001) were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations between NO concentration and eNOS, TAC, and smoking status in the whole group of patients. In the model estimated separately for smokers, the highest impact of eNOS (β = 0.375; p = 0.021) and cotinine (β = −0.323; p = 0.037) was indicated for NO concentration. In the model of non-smokers, eNOS (β = 0.291, p = 0.030) and TAC (β = 0.350; p = 0.015) were important for NO level. Smoking during pregnancy could exacerbate oxidative stress, impair the action of nitric oxide synthases, and adversely affect the balance of oxygen and nitrogen metabolism. Relationships between NO concentrations and TAC in the studied women’s blood can confirm the antioxidant nature of nitric oxide.
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27
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Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Uterine Fibroids. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2018; 46:3-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Kelemen LE, Abbott S, Qin B, Peres LC, Moorman PG, Wallace K, Bandera EV, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Bondy M, Cartmell K, Cote ML, Funkhouser E, Paddock LE, Peters ES, Schwartz AG, Terry P, Alberg AJ, Schildkraut JM. Cigarette smoking and the association with serous ovarian cancer in African American women: African American Cancer Epidemiology Study (AACES). Cancer Causes Control 2017; 28:699-708. [PMID: 28466107 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0899-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a risk factor for mucinous ovarian cancer (OvCa) in Caucasians. Whether a similar association exists in African Americans (AA) is unknown. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study of incident OvCa in AA women across 11 geographic locations in the US. A structured telephone interview asked about smoking, demographic, health, and lifestyle factors. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95% CI) were estimated from 613 cases and 752 controls using unconditional logistic regression in multivariable adjusted models. RESULTS Associations were greater in magnitude for serous OvCa than for all OvCa combined. Compared to never smokers, increased risk for serous OvCa was observed for lifetime ever smokers (1.46, 1.11-1.92), former smokers who quit within 0-2 years of diagnosis (5.48, 3.04-9.86), and for total pack-years smoked among lifetime ever smokers (0-5 pack-years: 1.79, 1.23-2.59; >5-20 pack-years: 1.52, 1.05-2.18; >20 pack-years: 0.98, 0.61-1.56); however, we observed no dose-response relationship with increasing duration or consumption and no significant associations among current smokers. Smoking was not significantly associated with mucinous OvCa. Associations for all OvCa combined were consistently elevated among former smokers. The proportion of ever smokers who quit within 0-2 years was greater among cases (23%) than controls (7%). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking may be associated with serous OvCa among AA, which differs from associations reported among Caucasians. Exposure misclassification or reverse causality may partially explain the absence of increased risk among current smokers and lack of dose-response associations. Better characterization of smoking patterns is needed in this understudied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda E Kelemen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Bioengineering Building, MSC955, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. .,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Sarah Abbott
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Lauren Cole Peres
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patricia G Moorman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kristin Wallace
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Bioengineering Building, MSC955, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Department of Medicine, Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kathleen Cartmell
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen Funkhouser
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Lisa E Paddock
- Cancer Surveillance Research, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey and Rutgers School of Public Health, New Jersey State Cancer Registry, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Edward S Peters
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Paul Terry
- Departments of Public Health and Surgery, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Bioengineering Building, MSC955, 68 President Street, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.,Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joellen M Schildkraut
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Fortner RT, Vitonis AF, Schock H, Hüsing A, Johnson T, Fichorova RN, Fashemi T, Yamamoto HS, Tjønneland A, Hansen L, Overvad K, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kvaskoff M, Severi G, Boeing H, Trichopoulou A, Benetou V, La Vecchia C, Palli D, Sieri S, Tumino R, Matullo G, Mattiello A, Onland-Moret NC, Peeters PH, Weiderpass E, Gram IT, Jareid M, Quirós JR, Duell EJ, Sánchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Larrañaga N, Nodin B, Brändstedt J, Idahl A, Khaw KT, Allen N, Gunter M, Johansson M, Dossus L, Merritt MA, Riboli E, Cramer DW, Kaaks R, Terry KL. Correlates of circulating ovarian cancer early detection markers and their contribution to discrimination of early detection models: results from the EPIC cohort. J Ovarian Res 2017; 10:20. [PMID: 28320479 PMCID: PMC5360038 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-017-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer early detection markers CA125, CA15.3, HE4, and CA72.4 vary between healthy women, limiting their utility for screening. METHODS We evaluated cross-sectional relationships between lifestyle and reproductive factors and these markers among controls (n = 1910) from a nested case-control study in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Improvements in discrimination of prediction models adjusting for correlates of the markers were evaluated among postmenopausal women in the nested case-control study (n = 590 cases). Generalized linear models were used to calculate geometric means of CA125, CA15.3, and HE4. CA72.4 above vs. below limit of detection was evaluated using logistic regression. Early detection prediction was modeled using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS CA125 concentrations were lower, and CA15.3 higher, in post- vs. premenopausal women (p ≤ 0.02). Among postmenopausal women, CA125 was higher among women with higher parity and older age at menopause (ptrend ≤ 0.02), but lower among women reporting oophorectomy, hysterectomy, ever use of estrogen-only hormone therapy, or current smoking (p < 0.01). CA15.3 concentrations were higher among heavier women and in former smokers (p ≤ 0.03). HE4 was higher with older age at blood collection and in current smokers, and inversely associated with OC use duration, parity, and older age at menopause (≤ 0.02). No associations were observed with CA72.4. Adjusting for correlates of the markers in prediction models did not improve the discrimination. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into sources of variation in ovarian cancer early detection markers in healthy women and informs about the utility of individualizing marker cutpoints based on epidemiologic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée T. Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Allison F. Vitonis
- Ob/Gyn Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Helena Schock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Anika Hüsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Raina N. Fichorova
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Titilayo Fashemi
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Hidemi S. Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Genital Tract Biology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Hansen
- Unit of Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Section for Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health team, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health team, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- INSERM, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women’s Health team, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Université Paris Sud, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805 France
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Benetou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, Dept. of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute – ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, “Civic - M.P-Arezzo” Hospital, ASP, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino and Human Genetics Foundation – HuGeF, Torino, Italy
| | - Amalia Mattiello
- Dipartimeno di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - N. Charlotte Onland-Moret
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Petra H. Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mie Jareid
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Eric J. Duell
- Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology/Murcia Health Authority, Murcia, Spain
- IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia University, CIBERESP, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Nerea Larrañaga
- Public Health Division and BioDonostia Research Institute and CIBERESP, Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Björn Nodin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jenny Brändstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Annika Idahl
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi Allen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | | | - Laure Dossus
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Melissa A. Merritt
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel W. Cramer
- Ob/Gyn Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, 69120 Germany
| | - Kathryn L. Terry
- Ob/Gyn Epidemiology Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
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