Role of social determinants and lifestyle on women's metabolic risk during the perimenopausal transition: results from a cohort study

Effects of regular breakfast habits on metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND

Breakfast, which is considered as an important meal of the day, is being ignored by an increasing number of people as the pace of modern life accelerates. Although a large number of previous studies have reported the relationship between skipping breakfast and type 2 diabetes mellitus, most of them were cross-sectional studies. It remains unclear how skipping breakfast affects such specific cardio-metabolic diseases as hypertension, strokes and hypercholesterolemia.

METHODS

The protocols and reports of this meta-analysis are based on a meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiological guidelines (MOOSE). Relevant studies were systematically retrieved from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library, and were restricted to English from the inception to May 10, 2019. All the results were obtained by RRs, and outcomes of interests should include the occurrence of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.

RESULTS

Fourteen cohort studies in total were eventually included. Compared with people having breakfast frequency≦3times/week, those with a frequency>3 times/week have reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, Cardiovascular Diseases, cardiovascular Mortality, hypertension and strokes, with (RR = 0.8 [95% CI: 0.7-0.91], P = .142, I2 = 37.6%), (RR = 0.74 [95% CI: 0.59-0.94], P < .001, I2 = 89%), (RR = 0.86 [95% CI:0.75-0.99], P = .512, I2 = 0%), (RR = 0.75 [95% CI:0.61-0.93], P = .643, I2 = 0%), (RR = 0.87 [95% CI:0.81-0.93], P = .479, I2 = 0%), (RR = 0.63 [95% CI:0.51-0.78], P = .396, I2 = 0%), (RR = 0.92 [95% CI:0.86-0.98], P = .419, I2 = 0.7%), and (RR = 0.89 [95% CI:0.79-0.99], P = .238, I2 = 29%), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

A regular daily breakfast habit benefits the cardio-metabolism to a great extent, reducing the risk of Cardiovascular Diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, strokes, Metabolic Syndrome, cardiovascular Mortality, Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia, and Abdominal obesity, while it is not significantly related to hypercholesterolemia and coronary heart disease regardless of gender. Nevertheless, skipping breakfast once a week may greatly reduce the benefits of cardio-metabolism. Therefore, public institutions should promote and encourage citizens to cultivate regular daily breakfast habits.

Leisure-time physical activity and incident metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies

BACKGROUND

Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) has been suggested to reduce risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, a quantitative comprehensive assessment of the dose-response association between LTPA and incident MetS has not been reported. We performed a meta-analysis of studies assessing the risk of MetS with LTPA.

METHOD

MEDLINE via PubMed and EMBase databases were searched for relevant articles published up to March 13, 2017. Random-effects models were used to estimate the summary relative risk (RR) of MetS with LTPA. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the dose-response association.

RESULTS

We identified 16 articles (18 studies including 76,699 participants and 13,871 cases of MetS). We found a negative linear association between LTPA and incident MetS, with a reduction of 8% in MetS risk per 10 metabolic equivalent of task (MET) h/week increment. According to the restricted cubic splines model, risk of MetS was reduced 10% with LTPA performed according to the basic guideline-recommended level of 150min of moderate PA (MPA) per week (10METh/week) versus inactivity (RR=0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.94). It was reduced 20% and 53% with LTPA at twice (20METh/week) and seven times (70METh/week) the basic recommended level (RR=0.80, 95% CI 0.74-0.88 and 0.47, 95% CI 0.34-0.64, respectively).

CONCLUSION

Our findings provide quantitative data suggesting that any amount of LTPA is better than none and that LTPA substantially exceeding the current LTPA guidelines is associated with an additional reduction in MetS risk.