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Fang Y, Liu F, Zhang X, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang L, Zheng X, Liu J, Li K, Li Z. Mapping global prevalence of menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1767. [PMID: 38956480 PMCID: PMC11220992 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women at middle age are puzzled by a series of menopausal disturbances, can be distressing and considerably affect the personal, social and work lives. We aim to estimate the global prevalence of nineteen menopausal symptoms among middle-aged women by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS Comprehensive search was performed in multiple databases from January, 2000 to March, 2023 for relevant studies. Random-effect model with double-arcsine transformation was used for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 321 studies comprised of 482,067 middle-aged women were included for further analysis. We found varied prevalence of menopausal symptoms, with the highest prevalence of joint and muscular discomfort (65.43%, 95% CI 62.51-68.29) and lowest of formication (20.5%, 95% CI 13.44-28.60). Notably, South America shared dramatically high prevalence in a sort of menopausal symptoms including depression and urogenital symptoms. Besides, countries with high incomes (49.72%) had a significantly lower prevalence of hot flashes than those with low (65.93%), lower-middle (54.17%), and upper-middle (54.72%, p < 0.01), while personal factors, such as menopausal stage, had an influence on most menopausal symptoms, particularly in vaginal dryness. Prevalence of vagina dryness in postmenopausal women (44.81%) was 2-fold higher than in premenopausal women (21.16%, p < 0.01). Furthermore, a remarkable distinction was observed between body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of sleep problems, depression, anxiety and urinary problems. CONCLUSION The prevalence of menopausal symptoms affected by both social and personal factors which calls for attention from general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Fang
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Operating Room, West China School of Nursing, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Center for Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jiaye Liu
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, Center of Precision Medicine, Precision Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Kewei Li
- Department of Pediatric Department, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Zhihui Li
- Division of Thyroid Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No.37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
- Laboratory of Thyroid and Parathyroid diseases, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Li J, Liu F, Liu Z, Li M, Wang Y, Shang Y, Li Y. Prevalence and associated factors of depression in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:431. [PMID: 38858633 PMCID: PMC11165857 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is a prevalent mental health problem in postmenopausal women. Given its significant impact on the quality of life and overall well-being of postmenopausal women, there is need for a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the existing research globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global prevalence of depression and potential associated factors in postmenopausal women. METHODS The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to March 22, 2023. The meta-analysis used the random-effects model to calculate the prevalence of depression rates and associated factors. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's test, and nonparametric trim-and-fill tests. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 50 studies that involved 385,092 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women was 28.00% (95% CI, 25.80-30.10). Among the factors relevant to depression among postmenopausal women, marital status (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.33-3.11), history of mental illness (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.50-3.57), chronic disease (OR: 3.13, 95%CI: 2.20-4.44), menstrual cycle (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.17-1.72), abortion numbers (OR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.40-1.80), menopausal symptoms (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.52-2.90), and hormone replacement therapy (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.31-2.35) were risk factors, while physical activity (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.53-0.59), number of breastfed infants (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.19-0.97), menopause age (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.37-0.51) were preventive factors. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that the prevalence of postmenopausal depression is high, and some risk factors and protective factors associated with it have been identified. It is necessary to improve screening and management and optimize prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the harmful effects of postmenopausal depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Fangli Liu
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.
- Institution of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China.
- Xinyang Vocational and Technical College, Xinyang, Henan, P. R. China.
| | - Ziwei Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Mengjie Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Wang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yameng Shang
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
| | - Yuege Li
- School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, P. R. China
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Chen P, Song Q, Wang X, Li M, Liu L, Ning J, Song Y, Yu C, Guan Q. Combined association of abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms with risk of type 2 diabetes: A cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2024; 179:111627. [PMID: 38422717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the combined effect of abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms on the risk to type 2 diabetes, while also assessing the potential influence of various glycemic states and gender on this combined relationship. METHODS Data is acquired from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, and 5949 participants were included for analysis. Participants were divided into four groups: neither have abdominal obesity nor depressive symptoms (AO-/DS-), only have depressive symptoms (AO-/DS+), only have abdominal obesity (AO+/DS-), and have both abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms (AO+/DS+). Stratified analyses differentiating the glycemic statuses and sex of the participants were also carried out. RESULTS After adjusting for the confounders, the AO-/DS+, AO+/DS- and AO+/DS+ phenotypes were all discovered to be risk factors for type 2 diabetes (OR = 1.38, 95%CI: 1.06-1.79; OR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.63-2.63; OR = 2.38, 95%CI: 1.83-3.11, respectively) compared with the AO-/DS- phenotype in the overall population. In further stratified analyses, we arrived at the same conclusion for normoglycemic individuals, especially in females. For prediabetes and males, the AO+/DS- and AO+/DS+ phenotypes are risk factors for type 2 diabetes compared with the AO-/DS- phenotype, but not with AO-/DS+. CONCLUSION Regardless of glycemic status and sex, the coexistence of abdominal obesity and depressive symptoms were associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Depressive symptoms were independent risk factors for type 2 diabetes only in normoglycemic individuals and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Qianmei Song
- Department of General Medicine, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277100, China
| | - Xinning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Geratology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Luna Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250013, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Chunxiao Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging, Ministry of Education; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Clinical Research Center of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Prevention and Control for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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The association between mental health and obesity in postmenopausal women: A systematic review. Endocr Regul 2022; 56:295-310. [DOI: 10.2478/enr-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Postmenopausal women are at great risk of mental health deterioration, which may lead to morbidity and mortality. The decrement of mental health with aging is attributed to hormonal changes, lowered physical activity, sleep disturbances, economic factors, as well as modifiable variables such as smoking and obesity. Studies have shown controversial results on the association between obesity and mental health in postmenopausal women. This study is a systematic review of the evidence available on the association between obesity and mental health in postmenopausal women with the aim to identify the most reliable obesity measure that has been shown in association with mental health as well as the effective measures that have been practiced for improving mental health in postmenopausal obese women. CINAHL, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed including Medline databases were searched. Out of 3,766 articles, 23 studies of average to good quality were included, out of which 17 were cross-sectional and 6 interventional. Out of the 17 studies, 12 showed a positive association between obesity and deterioration of mental health, 3 showed a negative association and two showed no association. From the interventional studies, 4 showed positive and two not significant impact of the intervention used on obesity and mental health. In conclusion, more studies showed a positive association between obesity, especially visceral obesity, and mental health issues particularly depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. Combination of caloric restriction and exercise seems to have a better impact on the mental health of the postmenopausal in comparison with other interventions.
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Lee JI, Busler JN, Millett CE, Principe JL, Levin LL, Corrigan A, Burdick KE. Association between visceral adipose tissue and major depressive disorder across the lifespan: A scoping review. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:375-391. [PMID: 34551182 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increasing evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between major depressive disorder (MDD) and obesity, but the role of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) as a measure of obesity in relation to MDD is not well understood. Here we review literature investigating the link between MDD and VAT in terms of biomarkers, sex differences, and aging. METHODS PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and CINAHL searches were conducted on December 11, 2020. No date or language limits were imposed. Major concepts searched were Depressive Disorder linked with Adipose Tissue, White, Hypothalmo-Hypophyseal System, and Pituitary-Adrenal System in addition to keywords. A final set of 32 items meeting criteria for inclusion. RESULTS Converging biological evidence suggests a significant bidirectional relationship between VAT and MDD across the lifespan. In adulthood, greater VAT was associated with increased risk for depression, especially in vulnerable groups such as individuals who are overweight/obese, postmenopausal women, and individuals with comorbid medical or psychiatric illness. In older adults, sarcopenia had an impact on the relationship between abnormal VAT and risk of depression. Additionally, sex differences emerged as a potential factor affecting the strength of the association between VAT and depression. CONCLUSIONS Elucidating the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with increased rates of depression in obese individuals will be crucial for developing specific treatment strategies that seek to improve outcomes in individuals with comorbid depression and obesity. Moreover, identifying age- and sex-specific risk factors may contribute to a more personalized medicine approach, thereby improving the quality of clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-In Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jessica N Busler
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Caitlin E Millett
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica L Principe
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Leonard L Levin
- Countway Library, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Corrigan
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Stapel B, Jelinic M, Drummond GR, Hartung D, Kahl KG. Adipose Tissue Compartments, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Risk in the Context of Depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:831358. [PMID: 35444568 PMCID: PMC9013771 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.831358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological and behavioral underpinnings linking mental disorders, in particular, major depressive disorder (MDD), with cardiovascular disorders are a matter of debate. Recent research focuses on visceral (intra-abdominal and epicardial) adipose tissue and inflammation and their impact on the development of cardiometabolic disorders. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue is defined as an endocrine active fat compartment surrounding inner organs and is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, a risk factor for the later development of cardiovascular disorders. Epicardial (pericardial) adipose tissue is a fat compartment surrounding the heart with close proximity to the arteries supporting the heart. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is an important source of inflammatory mediators that, in concert with other risk factors, plays a leading role in cardiovascular diseases. In conjunction with the behavioral (physical inactivity, sedentary lifestyle), psychological (adherence problems), and hormonal (dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis with subsequent hypercortisolism) alterations frequently accompanying MDD, an enhanced risk for cardiovascular disorders results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta Stapel
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
| | - Maria Jelinic
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Grant R. Drummond
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, Centre for Cardiovascular Biology and Disease Research, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Dagmar Hartung
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hanover, Germany
| | - Kai G. Kahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hanover, Germany
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Cosan AS, Schweiger JU, Kahl KG, Hamann B, Deuschle M, Schweiger U, Westermair AL. Fat compartments in patients with depression: A meta-analysis. Brain Behav 2021; 11:e01912. [PMID: 33150726 PMCID: PMC7821617 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Depressive disorders are a common illness worldwide. Major depression is known as a significant predictor of the metabolic syndrome. However, the effects of depression on adipose tissue compartments are controversial. This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the state of research on the relationship between patients with depression and adipose tissue compartments as compared to nondepressed individuals. METHODS The PubMed database was searched for human studies that measured adipose tissue compartments such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and/or organ-specific adipose tissue measurements using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography scan and reported the means and a measure of variance separately for depressed individuals and healthy controls. Twelve articles were identified, including a total of 1,141 depressed and 2,545 nondepressed individuals. RESULTS Major depressive disorder and self-reported depressive symptoms were associated with elevated visceral adipose tissue and elevated subcutaneous adipose tissue. Subanalyses for gender, age, method of adipose tissue measurement, and method of depression assessment showed elevated visceral adipose in depressed individuals. The results could be replicated when focussing on studies controlling for body mass index (BMI). Regarding other adipose tissue compartments, meta-analysis could not be carried out due to lack of studies. CONCLUSIONS Depression is associated with enlarged visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Further, especially longitudinal, research is needed to identify the mechanism through which depressive disorders contribute to visceral adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa S Cosan
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | | | - Kai G Kahl
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Sozialpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Michael Deuschle
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Fakultät für Medizin Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schweiger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Anna L Westermair
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universität zu Lübeck, Lubeck, Germany
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Bhutani P, U R, H N S, Ranjanna PK, Paul AT. Rapid and cost-effective LC-MS/MS method for determination of hydroxycitric acid in plasma: Application in the determination of pharmacokinetics in commercial Garcinia preparations. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4902. [PMID: 32428251 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Garcinia cambogia is one of the most commonly used anti-obesity dietary supplements, and hydroxycitric acid (HCA) is a major constituent in the commercial preparations of Garcinia. High doses of HCA are often consumed without much awareness of its pharmacokinetic and toxicokinetic parameters, and therefore, a complete understanding of its effects is lacking. The first step in understanding these parameters is the availability of a reliable bioanalytical method. Here, we present the first report on a UPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of HCA in rat plasma after a simplified and cost-effective protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation of the analytes in the supernatant was achieved using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, where mass parameters were optimized and a rapid 5-min quantitative assay was developed. The method was highly sensitive, accurate, precise and linear in the concentration range of 10.5-5000 ng/mL (validated according to the United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines). Further, the method was successfully used to describe the pharmacokinetic profile of HCA in rat plasma after the administration of pure HCA and commercial Garcinia preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadeep Bhutani
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani, India.,Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Rekha U
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Shivakumar H N
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KLE College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India
| | - Prabhakar K Ranjanna
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb R&D Centre, Syngene International Limited, Bangalore, India
| | - Atish T Paul
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani, India
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Dornellas APS, Boldarine VT, Pedroso AP, Carvalho LOT, de Andrade IS, Vulcani-Freitas TM, dos Santos CCC, do Nascimento CMDPO, Oyama LM, Ribeiro EB. High-Fat Feeding Improves Anxiety-Type Behavior Induced by Ovariectomy in Rats. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:557. [PMID: 30233288 PMCID: PMC6129615 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopause-induced changes may include increased incidence of both depression/anxiety and obesity. We hypothesized that behavioral changes that may develop after ovarian failure could be related to neurochemical and metabolic aspects affected by this condition and that high-fat intake may influence these associations. The present study investigated in rats the effects of ovariectomy, either alone or combined with high-fat diets enriched with either lard or fish-oil, on metabolic, behavioral and monoaminergic statuses, and on gene expression of neuropeptides and receptors involved in energy balance and mood regulation. Female rats had their ovaries removed and received either standard chow (OvxC) or high-fat diets enriched with either lard (OvxL) or fish-oil (OvxF) for 8 weeks. The Sham group received only chow diet. Ovariectomy increased feed efficiency and body weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis and serotonin-induced hypophagia, effects either maintained or even accentuated by the lard diet but counteracted by the fish diet. The OvxL group developed obesity and hyperleptinemia. Regarding components of hypothalamic serotonergic system, both ovariectomy alone or combined with the fish diet increased 5-HT2C expression while the lard diet reduced 5-HT1B mRNA. Ovariectomy increased the anxiety index, as derived from the elevated plus maze test, while both high-fat groups showed normalization of this index. In the forced swimming test, ovariectomy allied to high-lard diet, but not to fish-oil diet, reduced the latency to immobility, indicating vulnerability to a depressive-like state. Linear regression analysis showed hippocampal AgRP to be negatively associated with the anxiety index and hypothalamic AgRP to be positively associated with the latency to immobility. These AgRp gene expression associations are indicative of a beneficial involvement of this neuropeptide on both depression and anxiety measures. The present findings demonstrate metabolic, neurochemical and behavioral alterations after ovaries removal and highlight a positive effect of high-fat feeding on the anxiety-like behavior shown by ovariectomized animals. Since the polyunsaturated ômega-3 intake (fish diet), unlike the saturated fat intake (lard diet), failed to induce deleterious metabolic or neurochemical consequences, further studies are needed focusing on the potential of this dietary component as an adjuvant anxiolytic agent after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Eliane B. Ribeiro
- Physiology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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