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Kapoor E, Faubion SS, Kuhle CL, Kling JM, Miller VM, Fokken S, Mara KC, Moyer AM. The effect of genetic variation in estrogen transportation and metabolism on the severity of menopause symptoms: A study from the RIGHT 10K cohort. Maturitas 2023; 176:107797. [PMID: 37595497 PMCID: PMC10478674 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2023.107797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The severity of menopause-related symptoms varies considerably among women. The determinants of this variation are incompletely understood. The aim of this study was to assess the association between genetic variation in estrogen metabolism and transport pathways and the severity of menopause symptoms. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of 60 peri- and postmenopausal women in the Mayo Clinic RIGHT study (which involved sequencing of genes involved in drug metabolism and transport), who had also been evaluated in the Women's Health Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN. All participants completed the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) for assessment of menopause symptoms, including hot flashes. The association between severity of menopause symptoms and the variation in genes encoding 8 enzymes and transporters involved in estrogen metabolism was evaluated. RESULTS Lower CYP3A4 activity and higher COMT activity were associated with lower severity of somatic menopause symptoms (p = 0.04 and 0.06, respectively). These associations did not persist after adjustment for hormone therapy use. No differences in MRS scores or hot flash severity were noted among other genetic variant groups. Age at natural menopause was not affected by variations in the genes studied. CONCLUSION The current study did not show an association between genetic variation in estrogen metabolism and transport pathways and the severity of menopause symptoms. Further studies with larger sample sizes may be required to understand this potentially complex association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Kapoor
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Menopause and Women's Sexual Health Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Women's Health Research Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Stephanie S Faubion
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Carol L Kuhle
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Menopause and Women's Sexual Health Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Juliana M Kling
- Center for Women's Health, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Women's Health Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Virginia M Miller
- Emerita Staff, Departments of Surgery and Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shawn Fokken
- Menopause and Women's Sexual Health Clinic, Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristin C Mara
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ann M Moyer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Cathcart-Rake EJ, Tevaarwerk AJ, Haddad TC, D'Andre SD, Ruddy KJ. Advances in the care of breast cancer survivors. BMJ 2023; 382:e071565. [PMID: 37722731 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2022-071565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors may experience significant after effects from diagnoses of breast cancer and cancer directed therapies. This review synthesizes the evidence about optimal management of the sequelae of a diagnosis of breast cancer. It describes the side effects of chemotherapy and endocrine therapy and evidence based strategies for management of such effects, with particular attention to effects of therapies with curative intent. It includes strategies to promote health and wellness among breast cancer survivors, along with data to support the use of integrative oncology strategies. In addition, this review examines models of survivorship care and ways in which digital tools may facilitate communication between clinicians and patients. The strategies outlined in this review are paramount to supporting breast cancer survivors' quality of life.
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Kang D, Cho J, Park S, Kim HJ, Kim SW, Lee JE, Yu J, Lee SK, Kim JY, Nam SJ, Park YH. Pretreatment endocrine symptoms and recurrence-free survival among young premenopausal patients with breast cancer: a prospective cohort study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2023; 15:17588359231189421. [PMID: 37547446 PMCID: PMC10399274 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231189421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Pretreatment endocrine symptoms in premenopausal patients might be considered as a potential marker of poor prognosis. We conducted a cohort study to evaluate the association between endocrine symptoms prior to treatment and recurrence-free survival (RFS) among premenopausal patients with breast cancer aged ⩽40 years. Methods Data were obtained from a prospective cohort study (NCT03131089) conducted at the Samsung Medical Center from 2013 to 2021. We included patients aged ⩽40 years who had been diagnosed with breast cancer. The primary outcome measure was RFS. Endocrine symptoms were measured using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy - Endocrine Symptoms (FACT-ES). We also calculated the hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence or all-cause mortality by comparing the tertiles of the FACT-ES score at diagnosis. Results Among the 977 participants, the mean (standard deviation) age was 35.3 (3.9) years. At diagnosis, 17.2% of the patients had at least one severe endocrine symptom. During 3512 person-years of follow-up, the high symptom group had a worse RFS than the low-symptom group [HR = 2.05; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19-3.54]. In particular, hot flashes (HR = 5.59; 95% CI = 1.96-15.93) and breast sensitivity (HR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.00-3.32) were associated with reduced RFS. Conclusion Close monitoring of pretreatment endocrine symptoms may be important in patients diagnosed with breast cancer at a young age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danbee Kang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seri Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Won Kim
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eon Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jonghan Yu
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se Kyung Lee
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Nam
- Division of Breast Surgery, Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 50 Ilwon-dong, Kangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, South Korea
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Gold EB, Crawford SL, Leung K, Greendale G, Reeves KW, Joffe H, Avis NE. Vasomotor symptoms in midlife women with incident breast cancer: pink SWAN. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 191:125-135. [PMID: 34694536 PMCID: PMC8758653 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We compared trajectories of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) and their risk factors in women with breast cancer (BrCa) to those of cancer-free controls. METHODS Data were from 15 nearly annual follow-up visits (1996-2017) of the multi-racial/ethnic cohort of midlife women enrolled in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). We compared women with incident BrCa to controls for patterns of VMS, controlling for risk factors identified in bivariate analyses using multivariable longitudinal analyses. RESULTS Characteristics at study entry largely did not differ between cases (n = 151) and controls (n = 2161). Adjusted prevalence of any VMS increased significantly among cases from diagnosis to 2.75 years post diagnosis [per-year adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.39-2.24], peaking at 2.75 years post diagnosis, whereas prevalence was stable among controls in this interval [aOR = 1.04, 95% CI 0.99-1.11]. Beyond 2.75 years post diagnosis, prevalence declined significantly in cases [aOR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.61-0.84] and less in controls [aOR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.92-1.00]. Patterns were similar for frequent VMS. Adjustment for tamoxifen use slightly reduced the per-year OR for any prevalent VMS post diagnosis, partially explaining excess VMS in cases. Other treatments were unassociated with VMS. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of prevalent VMS reporting differed significantly between cases and controls, particularly post diagnosis, the latter only partially explained by tamoxifen use among cases. Risk factors for VMS largely did not differ between cases and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen B Gold
- University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, USA.
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave., Med Sci 1C, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | | | | | - Gail Greendale
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Katherine W Reeves
- University of Massachusetts Amherst School of Public Health and Health Sciences, Amherst, USA
| | - Hadine Joffe
- Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Nancy E Avis
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, USA
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Chung HF, Zhu D, Dobson AJ, Kuh D, Gold EB, Crawford SL, Avis NE, Mitchell ES, Woods NF, Anderson DJ, Mishra GD. Age at menarche and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a pooled analysis of six studies. BJOG 2021; 128:603-613. [PMID: 33135854 PMCID: PMC7855657 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between age at menarche and risk of vasomotor menopausal symptoms (VMS) and whether midlife body mass index (BMI) modified the association. DESIGN A pooled analysis of six cohort studies. SETTING The International collaboration on the Life course Approach to reproductive health and Chronic disease Events (InterLACE). POPULATION 18 555 women from the UK, USA and Australia. METHODS VMS frequency data (never, rarely, sometimes and often) were harmonised from two studies (n = 13 602); severity data (never, mild, moderate and severe) from the other four studies (n = 4953). Multinominal logistic regression models were used to estimate relative risk ratios (RRRs) and 95% CIs adjusted for confounders and incorporated study as random effects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hot flushes and night sweats. RESULTS Frequency data showed that early menarche ≤11 years was associated with an increased risk of 'often' hot flushes (RRR 1.48, 95% CI 1.24-1.76) and night sweats (RRR 1.59, 95% CI 1.49-1.70) compared with menarche at ≥14 years. Severity data showed similar results, but appeared less conclusive, with RRRs of 1.16 (95% CI 0.94-1.42) and 1.27 (95% CI 1.01-1.58) for 'severe' hot flushes and night sweats, respectively. BMI significantly modified the association as the risk associated with early menarche and 'often' VMS was stronger among women who were overweight or obese than those of normal weight, while this gradient across BMI categories was not as strong with the risk of 'severe' VMS. CONCLUSIONS Early age at menarche is a risk factor for VMS, particularly for frequent VMS, but midlife BMI may play an important role in modifying this risk. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Overweight and obesity exacerbate the risk of vasomotor symptoms associated with early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Fang Chung
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Dongshan Zhu
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annette J. Dobson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Diana Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Ellen B. Gold
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sybil L. Crawford
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Nancy E. Avis
- Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ellen S. Mitchell
- Family and Child Nursing, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nancy F. Woods
- Biobehavioral Nursing and Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Debra J. Anderson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gita D. Mishra
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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The severity of vasomotor symptoms and number of menopausal symptoms in postmenopausal women and select clinical health outcomes in the Women's Health Initiative Calcium and Vitamin D randomized clinical trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:1265-1273. [PMID: 33110042 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether vasomotor symptom (VMS) severity and number of moderate/severe menopausal symptoms (nMS) were associated with health outcomes, and whether calcium and vitamin D (CaD) modified the risks. METHODS The Women's Health Initiative CaD study was a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which tested 400 IU of 25-hydroxyvitamin-D and 1,000 mg of calcium per day in women aged 50 to 79 years. This study included 20,050 women (median follow-up of 7 y). The outcomes included hip fracture, colorectal cancer, invasive breast cancer, all-cause mortality, coronary heart disease, stroke, cardiovascular death, and total cardiovascular disease (CVD). MS included: hot flashes, night sweats, dizziness, heart racing, tremors, feeling restless, feeling tired, difficulty concentrating, forgetfulness, mood swings, vaginal dryness, breast tenderness, migraine, and waking up several times at night. Associations between VMS severity and nMS with outcomes were tested. RESULTS No association between VMS severity and any outcome were found. In contrast, nMS was associated with higher stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.40 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.89 for ≥ 2 MS vs none; HR 1.20 95% CI 0.89-1.63 for 1 MS vs none, P trend = 0.03) and total CVD (HR 1.35, 95% CI, 1.18-1.54 for ≥ 2 MS vs none; HR 0.99, 95% CI, 0.87-1.14 for 1 MS vs none P trend < 0.001). CaD did not modify any association. CONCLUSION Severity of VMS was not associated with any outcome. Having ≥2 moderate or severe MS was associated with an increased risk for CVD. The number of moderate/severe MS may be a marker for higher CVD risk. : Video Summary:http://links.lww.com/MENO/A669.
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Chien TJ, Liu CY, Fang CJ, Kuo CY. The maintenance effect of acupuncture on breast cancer-related menopause symptoms: a systematic review. Climacteric 2019; 23:130-139. [PMID: 31612733 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2019.1664460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Acupuncture has been used for many breast cancer treatment-related problems, but how long the effect lasts is unknown. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate how long the effect of acupuncture on breast cancer-related hot flushes and menopause symptoms lasts.Methods: The research design followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Statement, without language restrictions. Seven databases from inception through February 2019 were accessed; only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that examined the maintenance effect of acupuncture on hot flushes or menopause symptoms after treatment were included. Cochrane criteria were followed and RevMan 5.2 software was used to analyze trials.Results: In total, 943 patients from 13 RCTs were analyzed. The meta-analysis showed that acupuncture had no significant long-term maintenance effect on the frequency or severity of hot flushes (p = 0.29; p = 0.34), but had a significant 3-month maintenance effect of ameliorating menopause symptoms at 3 months after treatment ended (p = 0.001). No adverse events were reported.Conclusions: Acupuncture significantly alleviated menopause symptoms for at least 3 months, but not hot flushes. Breast cancer patients concerned about the adverse effects of hormone therapy could consider acupuncture as an alternative. Additional acupuncture at 3 months after the initial treatment course could be considered. A large-scale study may help to define the optimal guideline for this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-J Chien
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Branch of Zhong-Zhou and Jen-Ai, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Liu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Flourish Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinic, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-J Fang
- Medical Library, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Secretariat, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Kuo
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Guo PP, Li P, Zhang XH, Liu N, Wang J, Chen DD, Sun WJ, Zhang W. Complementary and alternative medicine for natural and treatment-induced vasomotor symptoms: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2019; 36:181-194. [PMID: 31383438 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vasomotor symptoms (VMS) are very common in menopausal populations and cancer patients and can cause physical and mental discomfort. We aim to summarize the findings of systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs/MAs) that assessed the effectiveness of complementary and alternative medicines(CAMs)on VMS to provide solid evidence for future practice. METHODS PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched from inception to May 2019 to identify relevant SRs/MAs. The methodological quality of SRs/MAs and evidence levels of the outcomes were assessed. RESULTS A total of 29 SRs/MAs were reviewed. Evidence has shown that acupuncture, hypnosis, paced respiration, cognitive behavioural therapy, genistein, soy isoflavones, S-equol, combined preparations of black cohosh, and omega-3 supplements could significantly reduce VMS. The methodological quality of the SRs/MAs was moderate or high. CONCLUSION CAMs might be beneficial for reducing VMS, but the evidence levels were not high. Several priorities for future practice were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Ping Guo
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130041, China.
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
| | - Na Liu
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Chen
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
| | - Wei-Jia Sun
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
| | - Wei Zhang
- Nursing school, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin province, 130021, China.
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Dodda BR, Bondi CD, Hasan M, Clafshenkel WP, Gallagher KM, Kotlarczyk MP, Sethi S, Buszko E, Latimer JJ, Cline JM, Witt-Enderby PA, Davis VL. Co-administering Melatonin With an Estradiol-Progesterone Menopausal Hormone Therapy Represses Mammary Cancer Development in a Mouse Model of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2019; 9:525. [PMID: 31355130 PMCID: PMC6636553 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has numerous anti-cancer properties reported to influence cancer initiation, promotion, and metastasis. With the need for effective hormone therapies (HT) to treat menopausal symptoms without increasing breast cancer risk, co-administration of nocturnal melatonin with a natural, low-dose HT was evaluated in mice that develop primary and metastatic mammary cancer. Individually, melatonin (MEL) and estradiol-progesterone therapy (EPT) did not significantly affect mammary cancer development through age 14 months, but, when combined, the melatonin-estradiol-progesterone therapy (MEPT) significantly repressed tumor formation. This repression was due to effects on tumor incidence, but not latency. These results demonstrate that melatonin and the HT cooperate to decrease the mammary cancer risk. Melatonin and EPT also cooperate to alter the balance of the progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms by significantly increasing PRA protein expression only in MEPT mammary glands. Melatonin significantly suppressed amphiregulin transcripts in MEL and MEPT mammary glands, suggesting that amphiregulin together with the higher PRA:PRB balance and other factors may contribute to reducing cancer development in MEPT mice. Melatonin supplementation influenced mammary morphology by increasing tertiary branching in the mouse mammary glands and differentiation in human mammary epithelial cell cultures. Uterine weight in the luteal phase was elevated after long-term exposure to EPT, but not to MEPT, indicating that melatonin supplementation may reduce estrogen-induced uterine stimulation. Melatonin supplementation significantly decreased the incidence of grossly-detected lung metastases in MEL mice, suggesting that melatonin delays the formation of metastatic lesions and/or decreases aggressiveness in this model of HER2+ breast cancer. Mammary tumor development was similar in EPT and MEPT mice until age 8.6 months, but after 8.6 months, only MEPT continued to suppress cancer development. These data suggest that melatonin supplementation has a negligible effect in young MEPT mice, but is required in older mice to inhibit tumor formation. Since melatonin binding was significantly decreased in older mammary glands, irrespective of treatment, melatonin supplementation may overcome reduced melatonin responsiveness in the aged MEPT mice. Since melatonin levels are known to decline near menopause, nocturnal melatonin supplementation may also be needed in aging women to cooperate with HT to decrease breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balasunder R Dodda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Corry D Bondi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mahmud Hasan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - William P Clafshenkel
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Katie M Gallagher
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mary P Kotlarczyk
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shalini Sethi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ethan Buszko
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Jean J Latimer
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Paula A Witt-Enderby
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Vicki L Davis
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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10
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Vasomotor symptoms and breast cancer: WHI continues to surprise us. Menopause 2019; 26:571-572. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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