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Mahabamunuge J, Wang S, Rifas-Shiman SL, Faleschini S, Fitz VW, Shifren J, Chavarro JE, Oken E, Hivert MF. Associations of anti-Müllerian hormone levels among women in their mid-30s with menopausal symptoms ~14 years later. Menopause 2024; 31:505-511. [PMID: 38688466 PMCID: PMC11126356 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine associations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in gravid women in their mid-30s with menopausal symptoms ~14 years later and age at natural menopause. METHODS In this prospective analysis, 474 participants in Project Viva, a longitudinal cohort, were enrolled during pregnancy between 1999 and 2002. AMH levels were determined using plasma samples collected 3 years postpartum. Participants completed the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and self-reported age at and reason for menopause at the 17 years postpartum visit (Mid-Life Visit). Primary outcomes were individual MRS item responses and total MRS score. To examine associations between AMH levels and menopausal outcomes, we performed linear and logistic regressions, and survival analyses, adjusting for confounding variables. RESULTS Mean (SD) AMH level was 2.80 (2.74) ng/mL, measured at 38.2 (3.9) years. At the Mid-Life Visit, mean (SD) age was 52.3 (3.9) years and total MRS score was 8.0 (5.7). During follow-up, 50% had experienced natural menopause, and self-reported mean (SD) age at natural menopause was 50.4 (3.6) years. AMH in the lowest tertile (mean [SD]: 0.47 [0.32] ng/mL) was associated with higher odds of moderate to severe vaginal dryness (adjusted odds ratio: 2.58; 95% CI: 1.16 to 5.73), a lower MRS psychological subscale (adjusted β: -0.71; 95% CI: -1.35 to -0.07), and earlier attainment of natural menopause (adjusted hazards ratio: 7.1; 95% CI: 4.6 to 11.0) compared with AMH in the highest tertile (mean [SD]: 6.01 [2.37] ng/mL). CONCLUSIONS Lower AMH in the mid-30s was associated with earlier menopause and increased odds of vaginal dryness but fewer psychological symptoms ~14 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Mahabamunuge
- New York Medical College, School of Medicine, Valhalla, NY, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Siwen Wang
- Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Faleschini
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria W Fitz
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan Shifren
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, & Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
| | - Emily Oken
- Department of Nutrition Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, US
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Bhattacharya K, Saha I, Sen D, Bose C, Chaudhuri GR, Dutta S, Sengupta P, Bhattacharya S, Barman SS, Syamal AK. Role of anti-Mullerian hormone in polycystic ovary syndrome. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-022-00123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common gynecological endocrine disorders affecting up to 10% of all females in their reproductive age, and its cause of onset is still elusive. A spectrum of recent research reflected diverse associations between increased plasma level of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and different clinical features of PCOS. Since AMH levels reflect the pool of growing follicles that potentially can ovulate, it can be stated that serum AMH levels can be used to assess the “functional ovarian reserve,” rather mentioning it as the “ovarian reserve.” AMH also appears to be a premier endocrine parameter for the assessment of atrophied ovarian follicular pool in response to age of individuals. AMH hinders the follicular development as well as the follicular recruitment and ultimately resulting in follicular arrest which is the key pathophysiologic condition for the onset of PCOS. Furthermore, FSH-induced aromatase activity remains inhibited by AMH that aids emergence of other associated clinical signs of PCOS, such as excess androgen, followed by insulin resistance among the PCOS individuals. Given the versatile association of AMH with PCOS and scarcity in literature explaining the underling mechanisms how AMH relates with PCOS, this review article will discuss the roles of AMH in the pathogenesis of PCOS which may introduce a new era in treatment approach of PCOS.
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Zhuo Y, Hua L, Che L, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Wang J, Li J, Feng B, Wu D. Dietary Fiber Supplementation in Replacement Gilts Improves the Reproductive Performance From the Second to Fifth Parities. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:839926. [PMID: 35558883 PMCID: PMC9088012 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.839926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of soluble fiber (SF) supplementation (0.8%), containing 17.4% rhamnose, 4.1% fucose, 11.1% arabinose, 30.6% xylose, and 16.4% galactose during the prepubescent phase on the subsequent performance from the second to fifth parities. After the first parity, 56 and 55 post-weaning sows in the control (CON) and SF groups had their reproductive performance monitored in succeeding parities. Circulating concentrations of anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) were greater in the SF group than in the CON group at 205 d of age and the first post-weaning day (p < 0.05). The SF treatment at the prepubescent phase resulted in an enhanced reproductive performance from parities three to five. In Parity three, the SF sows had 1.32 total born (p = 0.044), 1.43 born alive (p = 0.023) and 1.40 born effective, which was significantly more than in the CON group (p = 0.022). In Parity four, the SF sows had 1.1 total born (p = 0.058), 1.28 born alive (p = 0.019), and 1.06 born effective, significantly more than in the CON group (p = 0.049). In Parity five, the SF gilts had 1.43 total born (p = 0.075), 1.53 born alive (p = 0.067) and 1.65 born effective, significantly more than in the CON group (p = 0.020). No effects were observed for the removal of sows and backfat thickness at the mating in each parity between groups (p > 0.05). Collectively, gilts that received an extra 0.8% SF during the prepubescent phase increased their subsequent litter size as breeding sows. These results showed that nutritional decisions at the replacement phase could influence lifetime fertility.
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Dewi FN, Cline JM. Nonhuman primate model in mammary gland biology and neoplasia research. Lab Anim Res 2021; 37:3. [PMID: 33397518 PMCID: PMC7784333 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-020-00053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on breast cancer pathogenesis, prevention and drug development remains an important field as this disease is still one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Nonhuman primates, particularly macaque species, may serve as a highly translational animal model in breast cancer studies due to their similarity with humans in genetics, anatomy, reproductive and endocrine physiology including mammary gland development profile. The use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research, however, requires high ethical standards and an increasing expectation to improve strategies to replace, reduce and refine their use. Here, we discuss some key features of nonhuman primate mammary gland biology relevant to their strengths and limitations as models in studies of breast development and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitriya N Dewi
- Primate Research Center at IPB University, Jl. Lodaya II No.5, Bogor, West Java, 16151, Indonesia.
| | - J Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone and Estradiol Concentrations in Gilts and Their Age at Puberty. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112189. [PMID: 33238427 PMCID: PMC7700628 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary It has been documented in several species that blood levels of the hormone, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), are an indirect measure of the number of ovarian follicles and that the number of ovarian follicles may be an indication of potential female fertility. In the present study, we determined AMH levels at various ages in immature female pigs and related these to potential measures of future fertility including age at puberty and numbers of ovarian follicles at puberty, and the gilt response to ovarian stimulation after puberty. Our results support the suggestion that blood levels of AMH are reflective of future fertility in gilts. Abstract For experiment one, blood samples were obtained from 200 gilts at 90, 120, 150, 180, and 200 days of age. Serum samples from the 30 youngest (166.1 ± 0.7 days) and 30 oldest (198.8 ± 0.6 days) gilts exhibiting estrus by 200 days, and a further 18 gilts that remained anestrus at 200 days, were assayed for serum concentrations of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and estradiol (E2). Gilts younger at puberty had higher (p < 0.05) AMH levels than those older at puberty, and both groups had higher AMH levels than anestrus gilts (p < 0.05). Regardless of age, serum E2 was higher (p < 0.05) in gilts that achieved puberty than in gilts remaining anestrus. At spontaneous pubertal estrus detection, there was no effect of pubertal age on the number of preovulatory ovarian follicles. For experiment two, 152 prepubertal gilts received an intramuscular (IM) injection of 400 IU eCG plus 200 IU hCG and then received fence-line boar contact to detect estrus onset. Serum AMH concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in the first 25 gilts to exhibit puberty than the last 28 gilts, with the first gilts also having more preovulatory follicles (p < 0.0001). Taken together, these data support an association between serum AMH concentrations and degree of physiological maturity and ovarian follicular development in gilts.
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Uliani RC, Conley AJ, Corbin CJ, Friso AM, Maciel LFS, Alvarenga MA. Anti-Müllerian hormone and ovarian aging in mares. J Endocrinol 2019; 240:147-156. [PMID: 30400031 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is used as a marker of follicle population numbers and potential fertility in several species including horses but limited data exist across the lifespan. No one has decreased ovarian reserve experimentally to investigate whether a corresponding, quantitative decrease in AMH results. Concentrations of AMH across the lifespan were compiled from 1101 equine females sampled from birth to >33 years of age. Young and old mares (averaging 6 and 19 years) were hemi-ovariectomized and circulating AMH was assessed before and daily thereafter for 15 days. The remaining ovary was removed later and blood was drawn again before and after this second surgery for AMH determination. Polynomial regression analysis and analysis of mares grouped by 5-year intervals of age demonstrated AMH concentrations to be higher in mares aged 5-10 and 10-15 years than 0-5 years of age and lower in mares after 20 years of age. There was high variability in AMH concentrations among neonatal fillies, some of which had concentrations typical of males. Hemi-ovariectomy was followed by a decrease of AMH, almost exactly halving concentrations in intact mares. Concentrations of AMH had returned to intact levels in old mares before complete ovariectomy, as if exhibiting ovarian compensatory hypertrophy, but recovery of AMH was not evident in young mares. AMH may reflect ovarian senescence in mares after 20 years of age but is too variable to do so in the first two decades of life. The ovarian endocrine response to hemi-ovariectomy in mares appears to change with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata C Uliani
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alan J Conley
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - C Jo Corbin
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Aimê M Friso
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana F S Maciel
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco A Alvarenga
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Thomas SG, Czoty PW. Effect of menstrual cycle on ethanol drinking in rhesus monkeys. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 194:205-209. [PMID: 30453105 PMCID: PMC6312462 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in the abuse-related effects of alcohol have been demonstrated in the clinic and in preclinical animal models. Less is known about the influence of menstrual cycle phase on drinking. METHODS In this study, we examined the relationship between menstrual cycle phase and intake of ethanol (EtOH) in five adult female rhesus monkeys. Subjects consumed a 4% EtOH solution in their home cage 6 h per day, 5 days per week and pressed a lever to receive food pellets during the drinking session. Menstrual cycle was determined with vaginal swabs 5-7 days per week. To facilitate comparison with previous studies, the cycle was divided three different ways for analysis. RESULTS First, no significant difference was observed when EtOH intake was compared between phases defined as "follicular" (days 5-10) and "luteal" (19-24). Second, when the cycle was further divided into four phases [early follicular (days 1-7), late follicular (8-14), early luteal (15-21) and late luteal (22-next cycle)], significant differences were detected, with intake highest in phases that bracket menses and lowest in the late follicular phase. Finally, EtOH intake during "mid-cycle" (days 12-16) was significantly lower than during "menses" (days 1-5) and "late luteal" (last 5 days). Effect sizes were small to moderate, although absolute differences in EtOH intake (g/kg) were <15%. Food-maintained responding was not different across phases. CONCLUSIONS Menstrual cycle has modest but statistically significant and selective effects on EtOH drinking, with higher EtOH intake observed in the peri-menstrual period compared to the middle of the cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Corresponding author: Paul W. Czoty, Ph.D., Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, Phone: 336-713-7112,
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Long H, Wang Y, Wang L, Lu Y, Nie Y, Cai Y, Liu Z, Jia M, Lyu Q, Kuang Y, Sun Q. Age-related nomograms of serum anti-Mullerian hormone levels in female monkeys: Comparison of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:171-176. [PMID: 30243886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AMH is regarded as a promising predictor for ovarian reserve in humans and non-human primate, and widely used in human medicine to predict ovarian response to gonadotropin, menopause and premature ovarian failure. However, large data set on the range of AMH levels in nonhuman primates is still scarce, which limited its applications largely. In this study, age-related AMH nomograms of rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) were produced and compared. 219 rhesus and 529 cynomolgus monkeys ranging from infancy to adult were included. In total, the mean serum AMH levels in cynomolgus monkeys were higher than that of rhesus monkeys (14.6 ± 5.3 ng/ml vs 9.5 ± 6.0 ng/ml, P < 0.001). AMH was inversely correlated with age (r = -0.371, P < 0.001) in rhesus, while the negative correlation did not reach statistical significance in cynomolgus monkeys (r = -0.044, P = 0.156). The maximum mean AMH levels were attained at the subgroup of 4-11 yr and the lowest AMH levels were obtained at the subgroup of ≧12 yr in both primates, corresponding to their fertility potential. In rhesus monkeys, from 1 to 11 years old, AMH level remained stable (1-3 yr: ß = 2.784, P = 0.340; 4-11 yr: r = 0.100, P = 0.110) whereas from 12 yr onward, an inverse correlation between AMH and age (r = -0.450, P = 0.02) was observed. Similarly, AMH appeared stable from 1 to 3 yr (ß = -2.289, P = 0.429) and showed an inverse correlation with age (r = -0.521, P < 0.001) from 12 yr onward in cynomolgus monkeys, while a positive correlation was observed (r = 0.156, P = 0.001) from 4 to 11 yr. AMH levels were relatively stable across the menstrual cycle in both primates and no seasonal difference for AMH levels was observed in rhesus monkeys. Body mass index did not affect serum AMH levels in both primates. Our nomograms of serum AMH provide a reference guide on AMH longitudinal distribution by age for Macaca monkeys and might facilitate its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Long
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 120 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 120 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 120 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 120 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 120 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Qifeng Lyu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 120 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
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Long H, Nie Y, Wang L, Lu Y, Wang Y, Cai Y, Liu Z, Jia M, Lyu Q, Kuang Y, Sun Q. Serum anti-Mullerian hormone predicts ovarian response in (Macaca fascicularis) monkeys. Endocr Connect 2018; 7:983-989. [PMID: 30300541 PMCID: PMC6176281 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AMH as a promising predictor of ovarian response has been studied extensively in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatment, but little is known about its prediction value in monkeys undergoing ovarian stimulation. In the current study, a total of 380 cynomolgus monkeys ranging from 5 to 12 years received 699 ovarian stimulation cycles. Serum samples were collected for AMH measure with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. It was found that serum AMH levels were positive correlated with the number of retrieved oocytes (P < 0.01) in the first, second and third stimulation cycles. In the first cycles, area under the curve (ROCAUC) of AMH is 0.688 for low response and 0.612 for high response respectively, indicating the significant prediction values (P = 0.000 and P = 0.005). The optimal AMH cutoff value was 9.68 ng/mL for low ovarian response and 15.88 ng/mL for high ovarian response prediction. In the second stimulation cycles, the significance of ROCAUC of AMH for high response rather than the low response was observed (P = 0.001 and P = 0.468). The optimal AMH cutoff value for high ovarian response was 15.61 ng/mL. In the third stimulation cycles, AMH lost the prediction value with no significant ROCAUC. Our data demonstrated that AMH, not age, is a cycle-dependent predictor for ovarian response in form of oocyte yields, which would promote the application of AMH in assisted reproductive treatment (ART) of female cynomolgus monkeys. AMH evaluation would optimize candidate selection for ART and individualize the ovarian stimulation strategies, and consequentially improve the efficiency in monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Long
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Nie
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Cai
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Jia
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifeng Lyu
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Q Sun or Y Kuang or Q Lyu: or or
| | - Yanping Kuang
- Department of Assisted ReproductionShanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Q Sun or Y Kuang or Q Lyu: or or
| | - Qiang Sun
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Primate Neurobiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to Q Sun or Y Kuang or Q Lyu: or or
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NAMS 3rd Utian Translational Science Symposium, October 2016, Orlando, Florida A conversation about hormone therapy: is there an appropriate dose, route, and duration of use? Menopause 2018; 24:1221-1235. [PMID: 28968302 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The North American Menopause Society (NAMS) held the 3rd Utian Translational Symposium on October 4, 2016, in Orlando, Florida, to answer questions about the benefits and risks of hormone therapy (HT) for postmenopausal women. This report is a record of the proceedings of that symposium.The maxim about HT for the past 15 years since the publication of the initial results of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) has been to prescribe the "lowest dose for the shortest period of time." With new clinical trials, observational data, and further analysis of the WHI and the cumulative 13 years' follow-up, it was time to hold a conversation about the state of the evidence and recommendations for HT dose, route, and duration of use.The symposium brought together experts in the field of HT to speak on these topics, organized by session, after which working groups gathered to synthesize the presentations into areas of what still needs to be known and how to proceed with areas of needed research. After the presentations, there was consensus that postmenopausal women aged younger than 60 years or within 10 years of menopause onset without contraindications and who desire to take HT for relief of vasomotor symptoms or prevention of bone loss if at elevated risk can safely do so.The working groups raised the possibility that the use of "Big Data" (pharmacy and cancer databases) would allow answers that cannot be found in clinical trials. This could lead to more appropriate FDA labeling and patient package inserts reflecting the true risks associated with various types and formulations of HT, with differences among estrogen alone, estrogen with a progestogen, and estrogen plus a selective estrogen-receptor modulator for the younger women most likely to initiate these therapies for symptom relief. Differences were found for potential risk among estrogen alone, estrogen with synthetic progestins contrasted to progesterone, lower doses, nonoral doses, and low-dose vaginal estrogen.With all of the available routes and dosages, including vaginal estrogen alone for genitourinary symptoms, there are many options when considering the most appropriate type, dose, formulation, route of administration, and duration of use, taking into account the age of the woman at initiation of HT and the time from menopause.
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Place NJ, Crosier AE, Comizzoli P, Nagashima JB, Haefele H, Schmidt-Küntzel A, Marker LL. Age-associated and deslorelin-induced declines in serum anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in female cheetahs, Acinonyx jubatus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 250:54-57. [PMID: 28602789 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is widely used in human medicine to non-invasively estimate the size of the ovarian follicle reserve and to predict the ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation in the context of assisted reproductive technologies (e.g., IVF). These applications of AMH testing have recently expanded to non-human mammals, with production animals, such as cows, goats and sheep being the primary focus of AMH research. However, few investigations have involved exotic species, and in particular carnivores. In this study, we measured AMH concentrations (0.078-3.078ng/mL) in archived serum samples that had been collected from 36 adult female cheetahs across their reproductive lifespan (2-15years of age). Similar to other mammals, AMH concentration in cheetahs declined with age, and its variability among females of the same age was considerable. The rates at which AMH declined over time in individual cheetahs were also highly variable. Five cheetahs had been contracepted with the long-acting GnRH agonist deslorelin for 6-18months prior to sample collection, and their AMH concentrations were relatively low compared to untreated females. In this first study of AMH in an exotic carnivore, the findings demonstrate that the age-associated decline in AMH is highly variable and that deslorelin appears to suppress AMH concentration in serum. Owing to the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies in ex situ populations of threatened and endangered species, such as cheetahs, the present study's findings will need to be taken into consideration if AMH is to be used successfully to optimize breeding management decisions in exotic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ned J Place
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Adrienne E Crosier
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA and Washington, DC, USA
| | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA and Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jennifer B Nagashima
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA and Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Laurie L Marker
- Cheetah Conservation Fund, P.O. Box 1755, Otjiwarongo, Namibia
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12
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Montano GA, Robeck TR, Steinman KJ, O'Brien JK. Circulating anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in relation to age and season in male and female beluga (Delphinapterus leucas). Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 29:1642-1652. [DOI: 10.1071/rd15537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to describe serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) patterns of ex situ male and female beluga to examine the influence of age (divided into 5-year categories) or sexual maturation and reproductive season. In males aged 5–9 years, AMH concentrations were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those in all age categories exceeding 15 years and were not influenced by season (P = 0.57). AMH concentrations in females peaked in the 5–9-year age category during the breeding season and decreased (P < 0.05) after 9 years of age. Aged females displayed lower (P < 0.05) AMH concentrations than immature and mature animals and immature females secreted higher concentrations than mature animals (P = 0.03). For mature females, seasonal differences (P = 0.02) in AMH concentrations were detected, with females in the breeding season displaying higher AMH concentrations than in the non-breeding season. This is the first time AMH has been characterised in a cetacean species and the first potential hormonal evidence of reproductive senescence in beluga. Further research is required to determine if this hormone can be used as a predictor of fertility for the species.
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Hormônio anti‐Mülleriano como preditor de reserva ovariana em pacientes lúpicas: uma revisão. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE REUMATOLOGIA 2015; 55:363-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbr.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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14
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Roosa KA, Zysling DA, Place NJ. An assessment of anti-Müllerian hormone in predicting mating outcomes in female hamsters that have undergone natural and chemically-accelerated reproductive aging. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 214:56-61. [PMID: 25801548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, female fertility declines with age due in part to a progressive loss of ovarian follicles. The rate of follicle decline varies among individuals making it difficult to predict the age of onset of reproductive senescence. Serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) concentrations correlate with the numbers of ovarian follicles, and therefore, AMH could be a useful predictor of female fertility. In women and some production animals, AMH is used to identify which individuals will respond best to ovarian stimulation for assisted reproductive technologies. However, few studies have evaluated AMH's predictive value in unassisted reproduction, and they have yielded conflicting results. To assess the predictive value of AMH in the context of reproductive aging, we prospectively measured serum AMH in 9-month-old Siberian hamsters shortly before breeding them. Female Siberian hamsters experience substantial declines in fertility and fecundity by 9months of age. We also measured serum AMH in 5-month-old females treated with 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD), which selectively destroys ovarian follicles and functionally accelerates ovarian aging. Vehicle-treated 5-month-old females served as controls. AMH concentrations were significantly reduced in VCD-treated females yet many females with low AMH reproduced successfully. On average, both young and old hamsters that littered had higher AMH concentrations than females that did not. However, some females with relatively high AMH concentrations failed to litter, whereas several with low AMH succeeded. Our results suggest that mean AMH concentration can predict mating outcomes on a population or group level, but on an individual basis, a single AMH determination is less informative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Roosa
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Devin A Zysling
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Ned J Place
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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15
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Scalercio SRRA, Brito AB, Domingues SFS, Santos RR, Amorim CA. Immunolocalization of growth, inhibitory, and proliferative factors involved in initial ovarian folliculogenesis from adult common squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi). Reprod Sci 2014; 22:68-74. [PMID: 24784715 DOI: 10.1177/1933719114532842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) study to determine the follicular expression of growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), Kit Ligand (KL), and c-Kit in squirrel monkey ovary. Ovarian tissue fragments from 4 squirrel monkeys were collected by laparotomy and processed for classical histology and IHC. Additionally, follicle development was assessed by Ki67 immunostaining to evaluate proliferative status of granulosa cells. A total of 4025 follicles were examined (1475 for classical histology and 2550 for immunohistochemistry). More than 80% of the evaluated follicles were morphologically normal. The GDF-9 protein was detectable in oocyte cytoplasm from primordial (100%), primary (99.1%), and secondary (100%) follicles. The AMH was not expressed in primordial follicles but just in few primary follicles (13.8%). On the other hand, it was highly expressed in granulosa cells from secondary follicles (67.9%). c-Kit, KL receptor, was found in the oolemma of primordial (100%), primary (100%), and secondary (100%) follicles. The KL expression was observed in oocytes and granulosa cells from primordial (94.9%), primary (91.6%) and secondary follicles (100%). Ki67 immunostaining was observed in granulosa cells from primary (5.7%) and secondary (54.8%) follicles but not in primordial follicles. In conclusion, we described the localization of GDF-9, KL, c-Kit, and Ki67 proteins and confirmed the presence of AMH protein in preantral follicles from squirrel monkey. Our results offer contribution for understanding of folliculogenesis in neotropical nonhuman primates. Moreover, these markers can be used to assess follicular viability and functionality after cryopreservation, transplantation, or in vitro culture of ovarian tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R R A Scalercio
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil Animal Sciences PhD Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil National Primate Centre, Secretary of Health Policy, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - A B Brito
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil Animal Sciences PhD Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - S F S Domingues
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil Animal Sciences PhD Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - R R Santos
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Pará, Brazil Animal Sciences PhD Program, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - C A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Atkins HM, Willson CJ, Silverstein M, Jorgensen M, Floyd E, Kaplan JR, Appt SE. Characterization of ovarian aging and reproductive senescence in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus). Comp Med 2014; 64:55-62. [PMID: 24512962 PMCID: PMC3929220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Female vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) are used as an experimental model for chronic diseases relevant to women's health. However, reproductive senescence (menopause) has not yet been characterized for vervet monkeys. Here we describe the histologic, hormonal, and menstrual markers of reproductive senescence in vervet monkeys from the Wake Forest Vervet Research Colony. Ovaries from monkeys (age, 0 to 27 y) were serially sectioned (5 μm), stained, and photographed. In every 100th section, the numbers of primordial, primary, and secondary follicles were determined, and triplicate measurements were used to calculate mean numbers of follicles per ovary. Antimüllerian hormone (AMH), follicle stimulating hormone, and menstrual cycle length were measured in additional monkeys. Primordial follicles and AMH decreased significantly with age, and significant correlations between numbers of primordial and primary follicles and between numbers of primary and secondary follicles were noted. Histologic evaluation revealed that ovaries from 4 aged monkeys (older than 23 y) were senescent. One aged monkey transitioned to menopause, experiencing cycle irregularity over 4 y, eventual cessation of menses, and plasma AMH below the level of detection. Finally, with increasing age, the percentage of female vervets with offspring declined significantly. The present study provides insight into ovarian aging and reproductive senescence in vervet monkeys. Results highlight the importance of considering this nonhuman primate as a model to investigate the relationships between ovarian aging and chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Atkins
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cynthia J Willson
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Marnie Silverstein
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Jorgensen
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Edison Floyd
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jay R Kaplan
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan E Appt
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine) and the Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Grynnerup AGA, Lindhard A, Sørensen S. Anti-Müllerian hormone levels in salpingectomized compared with nonsalpingectomized women with tubal factor infertility and women with unexplained infertility. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013; 92:1297-303. [DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anette Lindhard
- Fertility Unit; Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde; Roskilde; Denmark
| | - Steen Sørensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre; Copenhagen; Denmark
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18
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Premenopausal antimüllerian hormone concentration is associated with subsequent atherosclerosis. Menopause 2013; 19:1353-9. [PMID: 22929037 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31825b4fe2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine if premenopausal ovarian reserve is associated with susceptibility for atherosclerosis. METHODS Female cynomolgus macaques (n = 66, women's equivalent age = 45 y) consumed an atherogenic diet for ∼5 months before the measurement of a marker of ovarian reserve (antimüllerian hormone [AMH]), plasma lipids, follicular phase estradiol, and body weight (BW). Monkeys were then ovariectomized (OVX; n = 17), remained premenopausal (n = 20), or were induced to have reduced ovarian reserve (ROR, n = 29). After 26 additional months consuming the diet, atherosclerosis measurements and risk variables were reassessed. RESULTS No differences in baseline AMH, plasma lipids, BW, and estradiol or postdiet lipids and BW were observed among the groups subsequently assigned to the OVX, premenopausal control, or reduced ovarian reserve conditions. Postdiet measurements of atherosclerosis extent did not differ among the groups. However, analysis of plaque size by tertile of baseline AMH revealed that plaques were largest in monkeys that began the experiment with the lowest baseline AMH, followed by those in the middle and high tertiles (plaque extent: low AMH, 0.76 ± 0.12 mm; mid AMH, 0.46 ± 0.1 mm; high AMH, 0.34 ± 0.08 mm; P = 0.02). Baseline AMH and plaque size were also correlated negatively (r = -0.31, P = 0.01). Plasma lipids were also correlated significantly with plaque extent (all P < 0.01) but not with AMH. CONCLUSIONS We report for the first time an inverse relationship between a marker of ovarian reserve (AMH) and subsequent atherosclerosis risk.
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GRYNNERUP ANNAGARCIAALIX, LINDHARD ANETTE, SØRENSEN STEEN. The role of anti-Müllerian hormone in female fertility and infertility - an overview. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2012; 91:1252-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0412.2012.01471.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Roudebush WE, Nethery RA, Heldreth T. Presence of anti-müllerian hormone in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri boliviensis
): gender and seasonal differences. J Med Primatol 2012; 42:15-9. [DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William E. Roudebush
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville; Greenville SC USA
| | - R. Andrew Nethery
- Department of Biology; Charleston Southern University; Charleston SC USA
| | - Todd Heldreth
- Department of Biology; Charleston Southern University; Charleston SC USA
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21
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Herndon JG, Paredes J, Wilson ME, Bloomsmith MA, Chennareddi L, Walker ML. Menopause occurs late in life in the captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1145-56. [PMID: 22189910 PMCID: PMC3448982 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9351-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Menopause in women occurs at mid-life. Chimpanzees, in contrast, continue to display cycles of menstrual bleeding and genital swelling, suggestive of ovulation, until near their maximum life span of about 60 years. Because ovulation was not confirmed hormonally, however, the age at which chimpanzees experience menopause has remained uncertain. In the present study, we provide hormonal data from urine samples collected from 30 female chimpanzees, of which 9 were old (>30 years), including 2 above the age of 50 years. Eight old chimpanzees showed clear endocrine evidence of ovulation, as well as cycles of genital swelling that correlated closely with measured endocrine changes. Endocrine evidence thus confirms prior observations (cyclic anogenital swelling) that menopause is a late-life event in the chimpanzee. We also unexpectedly discovered an idiopathic anovulation in some young and middle-aged chimpanzees; this merits further study. Because our results on old chimpanzees validate the use of anogenital swelling as a surrogate index of ovulation, we were able to combine data on swelling and urinary hormones to provide the first estimates of age-specific rates of menopause in chimpanzees. We conclude that menopause occurs near 50 years of age in chimpanzees as it does in women. Our finding identifies a basic difference between the human and chimpanzee aging processes: female chimpanzees can remain reproductively viable for a greater proportion of their life span than women. Thus, while menopause marks the end of the chimpanzee's life span, women may thrive for decades more.
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Affiliation(s)
- James G Herndon
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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22
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Bragg JM, Kuzawa CW, Agustin SS, Banerjee MN, Mcdade TW. Age at menarche and parity are independently associated with Anti-Müllerian hormone, a marker of ovarian reserve, in filipino young adult women. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:739-45. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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23
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Overbeek A, Broekmans FJ, Hehenkamp WJ, Wijdeveld ME, van Disseldorp J, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, Lambalk CB. Intra-cycle fluctuations of anti-Müllerian hormone in normal women with a regular cycle: a re-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:664-9. [PMID: 22503280 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has emerged as an important marker of ovarian reserve. Its variation throughout the cycle, however, may still be a matter of debate. The objective of this study was to re-evaluate the intra-cycle fluctuations of AMH in individuals in a prospective clinical study with focus on the age-related effects on these fluctuations. Frequent blood samples were obtained from the mid-luteal phase of the first cycle to the mid-luteal phase of the second cycle in 44 healthy, regularly menstruating Caucasian women. Main outcome measures were individual fluctuations of AMH concentrations during the natural menstrual cycle. AMH concentrations exhibited large fluctuations throughout the cycle and did not follow a defined pattern. Female age was negatively correlated with mean AMH concentrations. The absolute intra-individual variation was also negatively associated with age, whereas the relative intra-individual variation was positively associated with age. Although the fluctuation in relative intra-individual variation was higher in the older group, the absolute variation is very low and these fluctuations might therefore be of limited clinical relevance in this age group. These data show that in younger women caution should be exerted with the interpretation of a single randomly taken AMH measurement as a representative of ovarian reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Overbeek
- VU University Medical Center, Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Oncology/Hematology, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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The effect of diet and cardiovascular risk on ovarian aging in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Menopause 2010; 17:741-8. [PMID: 20458254 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e3181d20cd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relationships among dietary protein source, cardiovascular risk, reproductive hormones, and ovarian aging. METHODS Adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assigned randomly to one of two diets containing saturated fat and cholesterol, differing only by protein source: (1) casein-lactalbumin (n = 29) or (2) soy protein with isoflavones (n = 32). Cardiovascular risk markers and reproductive hormones were measured at baseline and after 32 months of treatment, at which time the ovaries were removed and serially sectioned and ovarian follicles were counted in every 100th section. RESULTS Casein-lactalbumin-fed monkeys had fewer primordial, primary, and secondary follicles (all P values < 0.05) than did their soy-fed counterparts. Antimüllerian hormone was significantly correlated with all follicle types (r values > or = 0.66, P < 0.001) for casein-fed monkeys and was significantly correlated with primary (rsoy = 0.47, P = 0.005) and secondary (rsoy = 0.45, P = 0.007) follicles in soy-fed monkeys. No significant associations were seen between any of the other reproductive hormones measured and follicle counts. Casein-lactalbumin-fed monkeys had a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile and increased atherosclerosis extent (P < 0.05), but despite these differences in cardiovascular risk between monkeys fed with casein-lactalbumin and monkeys fed with soy, none of the individual cardiovascular risk markers measured in this study explained the relationship between dietary protein source and follicle counts (linear regression, all P values > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Diet influences the rate of follicular depletion in cynomolgus macaques; however, the mechanism for this effect remains undetermined.
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Appt SE, Clarkson TB, Hoyer PB, Kock ND, Goode AK, May MC, Persyn JT, Vail NK, Ethun KF, Chen H, Sen N, Kaplan JR. Experimental induction of reduced ovarian reserve in a nonhuman primate model (Macaca fascicularis). Comp Med 2010; 60:380-8. [PMID: 21262124 PMCID: PMC2958207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2010] [Revised: 04/04/2010] [Accepted: 07/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Chronic diseases including coronary heart disease and osteoporosis represent a substantial health burden to postmenopausal women, yet the initiation of these conditions and their relationships with reproductive aging remain poorly understood. This situation is due, in part, to the lack of animal models reflecting ovarian and hormonal characteristics of peri- and postmenopausal women. Ovaries of women approaching menopause are nearly depleted of primordial follicles but retain a pool of larger developing follicles and androgen-producing stroma, a condition known as reduced ovarian reserve (ROR). The long-term goal of the research presented here was to create a monkey model of reproductive aging, beginning with ROR and progressing to perimenopause and finally postmenopause. Here we sought to develop a method to reduce primordial follicles in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) and document hormonal changes associated with follicle reduction or ROR. At 30 d after surgical placement of a biodegradable fiber containing approximately 200 mg of 4-vinlycyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) next to one ovary in each of 8 monkeys, primordial follicles were reduced by approximately 70%, with a corresponding decrease (83%) in antimüllerian hormone (AMH, a serum marker of ovarian follicle numbers). At 4 mo after VCD-treatment of both ovaries in 29 monkeys (approximately 200 mg VCD per ovary), AMH was reduced 56% from baseline, testosterone was unchanged, and follicular phase estradiol was slightly increased. These data indicate that VCD treatment markedly reduced primordial follicles while preserving larger estradiol- and testosterone-producing follicles and ovarian stroma, a condition that mimics ROR in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Appt
- Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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Appt SE, Ethun KF. Reproductive aging and risk for chronic disease: Insights from studies of nonhuman primates. Maturitas 2010; 67:7-14. [PMID: 20430541 PMCID: PMC2941880 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive aging and ovarian senescence have considerable public health relevance because they are associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), osteoporosis and other degenerative conditions including cognitive decline and potentially the metabolic syndrome. It has been suggested that the hormonal dysregulation that occurs during the perimenopausal transition may play a role in the initiation of pathobiological changes (e.g., adverse lipid profiles, atherosclerotic plaques) that will increase risk for chronic disease (e.g., CHD) during the postmenopausal years. Moreover, these early changes are suspected to establish a trajectory of disease progression that may be difficult to alter if interventions are not begun until after menopause. Even a slight increase in the rate of disease progression during the pre- or perimenopausal years could have substantial consequences for health and quality of life over the postmenopausal lifespan. Thus, the years leading up to menopause may offer a "critical window" for interventions aimed at reducing the postmenopausal disease burden. The relationship between perimenopausal hormonal dysregulation and the risk for chronic disease is poorly understood due, in large part, to the lack of appropriate animal models of the perimenopausal transition and natural menopause. In this review we assesses studies of nonhuman primates (NHPs) evaluated in various reproductive stages (naturally pre-, peri- and postmenopausal, surgically menopausal) and their contribution to our understanding about risk factors for chronic disease. Finally, because large numbers of naturally perimenopausal and menopausal NHPs are not available for research at present, experimental approaches that have the potential to hasten the onset of the perimenopausal transition will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Appt
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology (Comparative Medicine), Wake Forest University Primate Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1040, USA.
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Dumesic DA, Patankar MS, Barnett DK, Lesnick TG, Hutcherson BA, Abbott DH. Early prenatal androgenization results in diminished ovarian reserve in adult female rhesus monkeys. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:3188-95. [PMID: 19740899 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early prenatal androgenization (PA) accelerates follicle differentiation and impairs embryogenesis in adult female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) undergoing FSH therapy for IVF. To determine whether androgen excess in utero affects follicle development over time, this study examines whether PA exposure, beginning at gestational days 40-44 (early treated) or 100-115 (late treated), alters the decline in serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels with age in adult female rhesus monkeys and perturbs their ovarian response to recombinant human FSH (rhFSH) therapy for IVF. METHODS Thirteen normal (control), 11 early-treated and 6 late-treated PA adult female monkeys had serum AMH levels measured at random times of the menstrual cycle or anovulatory period. Using some of the same animals, basal serum AMH, gonadotrophins and steroids were also measured in six normal, five early-treated and three late-treated PA female monkeys undergoing FSH therapy for IVF during late-reproductive life (>17 years); serum AMH also was measured on day of HCG administration and at oocyte retrieval. RESULTS Serum AMH levels in early-treated PA females declined with age to levels that were significantly lower than those of normal (P < or = 0.05) and late-treated PA females (P < or = 0.025) by late-reproductive life. Serum AMH levels positively predicted numbers of total/mature oocytes retrieved, with early-treated PA females having the lowest serum AMH levels, fewest oocytes retrieved and lowest percentage of females with fertilized oocytes that cleaved. CONCLUSIONS Based on these animals, early PA appears to program an exaggerated decline in ovarian reserve with age, suggesting that epigenetically induced hormonal factors during fetal development may influence the cohort size of ovarian follicles after birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Dumesic
- National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA.
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