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Cohen T, Kossover O, Peled E, Bick T, Hasanov L, Chun TT, Cool S, Lewinson D, Seliktar D. A combined cell and growth factor delivery for the repair of a critical size tibia defect using biodegradable hydrogel implants. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 16:380-395. [PMID: 35119200 PMCID: PMC9303443 DOI: 10.1002/term.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ability to repair critical‐sized long‐bone injuries using growth factor and cell delivery was investigated using hydrogel biomaterials. Physiological doses of the recombinant human bone morphogenic protein‐2 (rhBMP2) were delivered in a sustained manner from a biodegradable hydrogel containing peripheral human blood‐derived endothelial progenitor cells (hEPCs). The biodegradable implants made from polyethylene glycol (PEG) and denatured fibrinogen (PEG‐fibrinogen, PF) were loaded with 7.7 μg/ml of rhBMP2 and 2.5 × 106 cells/ml hEPCs. The safety and efficacy of the implant were tested in a rodent model of a critical‐size long‐bone defect. The hydrogel implants were formed ex‐situ and placed into defects in the tibia of athymic nude rats and analyzed for bone repair after 13 weeks following surgery. The hydrogels containing a combination of 7.7 μg/ml of rhBMP2 and 2.5 × 106 cells/ml hEPCs were compared to control hydrogels containing 7.7 μg/ml of rhBMP2 only, 2.5 × 106 cells/ml hEPCs only, or bare hydrogels. Assessments of bone repair include histological analysis, bone formation at the site of implantation using quantitative microCT, and assessment of implant degradation. New bone formation was detected in all treated animals, with the highest amounts found in the treatments that included animals that combined the PF implant with rhBMP2. Moreover, statistically significant increases in the tissue mineral density (TMD), trabecular number and trabecular thickness were observed in defects treated with rhBMP2 compared to non‐rhBMP2 defects. New bone formation was significantly higher in the hEPC‐treated defects compared to bare hydrogel defects, but there were no significant differences in new bone formation, trabecular number, trabecular thickness or TMD at 13 weeks when comparing the rhBMP2 + hEPCs‐treated defects to rhBMP2‐treated defects. The study concludes that the bone regeneration using hydrogel implants containing hEPCs are overshadowed by enhanced osteogenesis associated with sustained delivery of rhBMP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Cohen
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Olga Kossover
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eli Peled
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tova Bick
- The Institute of Research of Bone Healing, the Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Lena Hasanov
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tan Tuan Chun
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Simon Cool
- Glycotherapeutics Group, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dina Lewinson
- The Institute of Research of Bone Healing, the Rambam Healthcare Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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de Lacerda Schickert S, van den Beucken JJ, Leeuwenburgh SC, Jansen JA. Pre-Clinical Evaluation of Biological Bone Substitute Materials for Application in Highly Loaded Skeletal Sites. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E883. [PMID: 32526829 PMCID: PMC7356650 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of bone substitute materials (BSMs) intended for load-bearing bone defects is highly complicated, as biological and mechanical requirements are often contradictory. In recent years, biological BSMs have been developed which allow for a more efficient integration of the material with the surrounding osseous environment and, hence, a higher mechanical stability of the treated defect. However, while these materials are promising, they are still far from ideal. Consequently, extensive preclinical experimentation is still required. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of biomechanical considerations relevant for the design of biological BSMs. Further, the preclinical evaluation of biological BSMs intended for application in highly loaded skeletal sites is discussed. The selected animal models and implantation site should mimic the pathophysiology and biomechanical loading patterns of human bone as closely as possible. In general, sheep are among the most frequently selected animal models for the evaluation of biomaterials intended for highly loaded skeletal sites. Regarding the anatomical sites, segmental bone defects created in the limbs and spinal column are suggested as the most suitable. Furthermore, the outcome measurements used to assess biological BSMs for regeneration of defects in heavily loaded bone should be relevant and straightforward. The quantitative evaluation of bone defect healing through ex vivo biomechanical tests is a valuable addition to conventional in vivo tests, as it determines the functional efficacy of BSM-induced bone healing. Finally, we conclude that further standardization of preclinical studies is essential for reliable evaluation of biological BSMs in highly loaded skeletal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - John A. Jansen
- Department of Dentistry—Regenerative Biomaterials, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, 6525EX Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.d.L.S.); (J.J.J.P.v.d.B.); (S.C.G.L.)
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Kossover O, Cohen N, Lewis JA, Berkovitch Y, Peled E, Seliktar D. Growth Factor Delivery for the Repair of a Critical Size Tibia Defect Using an Acellular, Biodegradable Polyethylene Glycol-Albumin Hydrogel Implant. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 6:100-111. [PMID: 33463206 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor delivery using acellular matrices presents a promising alternative to current treatment options for bone repair in critical-size injuries. However, supra-physiological doses of the factors can introduce safety concerns that must be alleviated, mainly by sustaining delivery of smaller doses using the matrix as a depot. We developed an acellular, biodegradable hydrogel implant composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and denatured albumin to be used for sustained delivery of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP2). In this study, poly(ethylene glycol)-albumin (PEG-Alb) hydrogels were produced and loaded with 7.7 μg/mL of recombinant human BMP2 (rhBMP2) to be tested for safety and performance in a critical-size long-bone defect, using a rodent model. The hydrogels were formed ex situ in a 5 mm long cylindrical mold of 3 mm diameter, implanted into defects made in the tibia of Sprague-Dawley rats and compared to non-rhBMP2 control hydrogels at 13 weeks following surgery. The hydrogels were also compared to the more established PEG-fibrinogen (PEG-Fib) hydrogels we have tested previously. Comprehensive in vitro characterization as well as in vivo assessments that include: histological analyses, including safety parameters (i.e., local tolerance and toxicity), assessment of implant degradation, bone formation, as well as repair tissue density using quantitative microCT analysis were performed. The in vitro assessments demonstrated similarities between the mechanical and release properties of the PEG-Alb hydrogels to those of the PEG-Fib hydrogels. Safety analysis presented good local tolerance in the bone defects and no signs of toxicity. A significantly larger amount of bone was detected at 13 weeks in the rhBMP2-treated defects as compared to non-rhBMP2 defects. However, no significant differences were noted in bone formation at 13 weeks when comparing the PEG-Alb-treated defects to PEG-Fib-treated defects (with or without BMP2). The study concludes that hydrogel scaffolds made from PEG-Alb containing 7.7 μg/mL of rhBMP2 are effective in accelerating the bridging of boney defects in the tibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kossover
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Natalie Cohen
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel
| | - Jacob A Lewis
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yulia Berkovitch
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Eli Peled
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 320003, Israel.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rambam Medical Center, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Dror Seliktar
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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Efficient in vivo bone formation by BMP-2 engineered human mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in a projection stereolithographically fabricated hydrogel scaffold. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:254. [PMID: 31412905 PMCID: PMC6694509 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1350-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stem cell-based bone tissue engineering shows promise for bone repair but faces some challenges, such as insufficient osteogenesis and limited architecture flexibility of the cell-delivery scaffold. Methods In this study, we first used lentiviral constructs to transduce ex vivo human bone marrow-derived stem cells with human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene (BMP-hBMSCs). We then introduced these cells into a hydrogel scaffold using an advanced visible light-based projection stereolithography (VL-PSL) technology, which is compatible with concomitant cell encapsulation and amenable to computer-aided architectural design, to fabricate scaffolds fitting local physical and structural variations in different bones and defects. Results The results showed that the BMP-hBMSCs encapsulated within the scaffolds had high viability with sustained BMP-2 gene expression and differentiated toward an osteogenic lineage without the supplement of additional BMP-2 protein. In vivo bone formation efficacy was further assessed using an intramuscular implantation model in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging indicated rapid bone formation by the BMP-hBMSC-laden constructs as early as 14 days post-implantation. Histological examination revealed a mature trabecular bone structure with considerable vascularization. Through tracking of the implanted cells, we also found that BMP-hBMSC were directly involved in the new bone formation. Conclusions The robust, self-driven osteogenic capability and computer-designed architecture of the construct developed in this study should have potential applications for customized clinical repair of large bone defects or non-unions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13287-019-1350-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Perfusion Bioreactor Culture of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells Enhances Cranial Defect Regeneration. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:993e-1002e. [DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Hsiao HY, Yang CY, Liu JW, Brey EM, Cheng MH. Periosteal Osteogenic Capacity Depends on Tissue Source. Tissue Eng Part A 2018; 24:1733-1741. [PMID: 29901423 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2018.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periosteal osteogenic capacity can be exploited to enhance bone formation in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Despite this importance, there have been no studies examining the composition, structure, and osteogenic capacity of periostea from different bone sources. In this study, structure and osteogenic factor content were compared among periostea from rib, calvarial, femoral, and tibial bones, in which the native bones of these four regions were harvested and subjected to histological analysis. The osteogenic capacity of grafted periosteum was evaluated using an in vivo vascularized pedicle model of bone tissue engineering. Poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(l-lactic acid) (PEG-PLLA) copolymer hydrogels were seeded with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and implanted with grafted periosteum harvested from either calvarial or tibial bone, which were representative of thin and thick native periostea, respectively. The cambium layer thickness of periostea from the femoral and tibial bones (36.9% ± 2.5% and 36.8% ± 2.6%) was greater than that from the calvarial and rib bones (26.8% ± 2.4% and 25.5% ± 1.9%). The osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase levels were comparatively higher in the femoral and tibial periostea than those in periostea harvested from the calvarial and rib bones. The construct implanted with grafted tibial periosteum resulted in greater neo-bone regeneration and higher osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase expression. This study is the first investigation of the osteogenic capacity of periostea from diverse sources. The results can be used to guide clinical strategies that exploit periostea for tissue engineering and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yi Hsiao
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Yu Yang
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wei Liu
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Eric M Brey
- 3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,4 Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ming-Huei Cheng
- 1 Division of Reconstructive Microsurgery, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,2 Center for Tissue Engineering, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Cui Y, Lu C, Chen B, Han J, Zhao Y, Xiao Z, Han S, Pan J, Dai J. Restoration of mandibular bone defects with demineralized bone matrix combined with three-dimensional cultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in minipig models. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2018; 29:147. [PMID: 30171486 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-018-6152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mandibular defects, caused by congenital, pathological or iatrogenic insults, can significantly affect patient quality of life. The reconstruction of mandible has recently gained the interest of clinical and tissue engineering researchers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3-D) cultured autologous grafts prepared using bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) combined with demineralized bone matrix (DBM) scaffolds for the restoration of mandibular defects. Cylindrical defects were created in the mandibular body of minipigs and filled with 3D-cultured BMSCs/DBM autografts, 2D-cultured BMSCs/DBM autografts, DBM material (without cells), or were left unfilled (blank). Using computed tomographic (CT) imaging and histological staining, we found that treatment of mandibular defects using 3-D cultured BMSCs/DBM autografts offered improvements in bone formation over both 2-D cultured autografts and cell-free DBM scaffolds. We found increased osteoid formation in 3D and 2D cultures, with more osteogenic cells present in the 3D constructs. We suggest that 3-D cultured homograft BMSCs combined with DBM scaffolds represents a new strategy for bone reconstruction, with potential future clinical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cui
- Reproductive and Genetic Center of National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, P.R. China
| | - Chao Lu
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Beijing Chongwen Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100062, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Jin Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Sufang Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Juli Pan
- Department of VIP Service, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianwu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
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8
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Hasan A, Byambaa B, Morshed M, Cheikh MI, Shakoor RA, Mustafy T, Marei HE. Advances in osteobiologic materials for bone substitutes. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1448-1468. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
| | - Batzaya Byambaa
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School; Cambridge MA USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology; Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge MA USA
| | - Mahboob Morshed
- School of Life Sciences; Independent University, Bangladesh (IUB); Dhaka Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Ibrahim Cheikh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; American University of Beirut; Beirut Lebanon
| | | | - Tanvir Mustafy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Quebec Canada
| | - Hany E. Marei
- Biomedical Research Center; Qatar University; Doha Qatar
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9
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Moradi SL, Golchin A, Hajishafieeha Z, Khani M, Ardeshirylajimi A. Bone tissue engineering: Adult stem cells in combination with electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6509-6522. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadegh L. Moradi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Ali Golchin
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Hajishafieeha
- Department of Microbiology Qazvin University of Medical Sciences Qazvin Iran
| | - Mohammad‐Mehdi Khani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Abdolreza Ardeshirylajimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Edward A. Doisy Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Saint Louis University School of Medicine Saint Louis MO
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Thorpe AA, Freeman C, Farthing P, Callaghan J, Hatton PV, Brook IM, Sammon C, Le Maitre CL. In vivo safety and efficacy testing of a thermally triggered injectable hydrogel scaffold for bone regeneration and augmentation in a rat model. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18277-18295. [PMID: 29719605 PMCID: PMC5915072 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone loss resulting from degenerative diseases and trauma is a significant clinical burden which is likely to grow exponentially with the aging population. In a number of conditions where pre-formed materials are clinically inappropriate an injectable bone forming hydrogel could be beneficial. The development of an injectable hydrogel to stimulate bone repair and regeneration would have broad clinical impact and economic benefit in a variety of orthopedic clinical applications. We have previously reported the development of a Laponite® crosslinked pNIPAM-co-DMAc (L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc) hydrogel delivery system, loaded with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPna), which was capable of inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without the need for additional growth factors in vitro. However to enable progression towards clinical acceptability, biocompatibility and efficacy of the L-pNIPAM-co-DMAc hydrogel to induce bone repair in vivo must be determined. Biocompatibility was evaluated by subcutaneous implantation for 6 weeks in rats, and efficacy to augment bone repair was evaluated within a rat femur defect model for 4 weeks. No inflammatory reactions, organ toxicity or systemic toxicity were observed. In young male rats where hydrogel was injected, defect healing was less effective than sham operated controls when rat MSCs were incorporated. Enhanced bone healing was observed however, in aged exbreeder female rats where acellular hydrogel was injected, with increased deposition of collagen type I and Runx2. Integration of the hydrogel with surrounding bone was observed without the need for delivered MSCs; native cell infiltration was also seen and bone formation was observed within all hydrogel systems investigated. This hydrogel can be delivered directly into the target site, is biocompatible, promotes increased bone formation and facilitates migration of cells to promote integration with surrounding bone, for safe and efficacious bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey A Thorpe
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
| | | | - Paula Farthing
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Jill Callaghan
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Paul V Hatton
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Ian M Brook
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK
| | - Chris Sammon
- Materials and Engineering Research Institute, Sheffield Hallam University, S1 1WB, UK
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Marupanthorn K, Tantrawatpan C, Kheolamai P, Tantikanlayaporn D, Manochantr S. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 enhances the osteogenic differentiation capacity of mesenchymal stromal cells derived from human bone marrow and umbilical cord. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:654-662. [PMID: 28204808 PMCID: PMC5360390 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can give rise to different cell types of the mesodermal lineages. They are powerful sources for cell therapy in regenerative medicine as they can be isolated from various tissues, and can be expanded and induced to differentiate into multiple lineages. Recently, the umbilical cord has been suggested as an alternative source of MSCs. Although MSCs derived from the umbilical cord can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts with a phenotypic similarity to that of bone marrow-derived MSCs, the differentiation ability is not consistent. In addition, MSCs from the umbilical cord require a longer period of time to differentiate into osteoblasts. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in bone tissue regeneration. In addition, several studies have supported the use of BMP-2 in periodontal regeneration, sinus lift bone-grafting and non-unions in oral surgery. Although the use of BMP-2 for bone tissue regeneration has been extensively investigated, the BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from the umbilical cord has not yet been fully examined. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of BMP-2 on the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from umbilical cord compared to that of MSCs derived from bone marrow. The degree of osteogenic differentiation following BMP-2 treatment was determined by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and the expression profiles of osteogenic differentiation marker genes, osterix (Osx), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and osteocalcin (Ocn). The results revealed that BMP-2 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs derived from both bone marrow and umbilical cord as demonstrated by increased ALP activity and the upregulation of osteogenic differentiation marker genes. The enhancement of the osteogenic differentiation capacity of MSCs by BMP-2 suggests that these MSCs may be used as alternative sources for bone engineering or cell therapy in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kulisara Marupanthorn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Chairat Tantrawatpan
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Pakpoom Kheolamai
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Duangrat Tantikanlayaporn
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sirikul Manochantr
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
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12
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Maisani M, Pezzoli D, Chassande O, Mantovani D. Cellularizing hydrogel-based scaffolds to repair bone tissue: How to create a physiologically relevant micro-environment? J Tissue Eng 2017; 8:2041731417712073. [PMID: 28634532 PMCID: PMC5467968 DOI: 10.1177/2041731417712073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a promising alternative to autografts or allografts for the regeneration of large bone defects. Cell-free biomaterials with different degrees of sophistication can be used for several therapeutic indications, to stimulate bone repair by the host tissue. However, when osteoprogenitors are not available in the damaged tissue, exogenous cells with an osteoblast differentiation potential must be provided. These cells should have the capacity to colonize the defect and to participate in the building of new bone tissue. To achieve this goal, cells must survive, remain in the defect site, eventually proliferate, and differentiate into mature osteoblasts. A critical issue for these engrafted cells is to be fed by oxygen and nutrients: the transient absence of a vascular network upon implantation is a major challenge for cells to survive in the site of implantation, and different strategies can be followed to promote cell survival under poor oxygen and nutrient supply and to promote rapid vascularization of the defect area. These strategies involve the use of scaffolds designed to create the appropriate micro-environment for cells to survive, proliferate, and differentiate in vitro and in vivo. Hydrogels are an eclectic class of materials that can be easily cellularized and provide effective, minimally invasive approaches to fill bone defects and favor bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, by playing on their composition and processing, it is possible to obtain biocompatible systems with adequate chemical, biological, and mechanical properties. However, only a good combination of scaffold and cells, possibly with the aid of incorporated growth factors, can lead to successful results in bone regeneration. This review presents the strategies used to design cellularized hydrogel-based systems for bone regeneration, identifying the key parameters of the many different micro-environments created within hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Maisani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Daniele Pezzoli
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
| | - Olivier Chassande
- Laboratoire BioTis, Inserm U1026, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials & Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department Min-Met-Materials Engineering & Research Center CHU de Québec, Laval University, Québec City, QC, Canada
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