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Zhuo C, Chen L, Wang Q, Cai H, Lin Z, Pan H, Wu M, Jin Y, Jin H, Zheng L. Association of age at first sexual intercourse and lifetime number of sexual partners with cardiovascular diseases: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1267906. [PMID: 38146444 PMCID: PMC10749299 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1267906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited studies have explored the association between sexual factors [age at first sexual intercourse (AFS) and lifetime number of sexual partners (LNSP)] and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), leaving the causality inconclusive. Methods We performed a bi-directional Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the causality between sexual factors and CVDs, including coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure (HF), and ischemic stroke (IS). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for sexual factors were extracted from the UK Biobank. Statistics for each CVD were derived from two different databases. MR estimates were calculated per outcome database and were combined through meta-analysis. Several complementary sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results The primary analysis suggested that AFS was causally associated with the risk of CVDs; the odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.686 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.611-0.770] for HF to 0.798 (95% CI, 0.719-0.886) for AF. However, the association between AFS and IS (OR, 0.844; 95% CI, 0.632-1.126) was not consistent in the meta-analysis after excluding SNPs related to confounders. Moreover, non-significant associations were found between LNSP and CVDs. Reverse direction MR analysis showed that CVDs were not associated with sexual factors. Conclusions Genetic evidence suggested that AFS was causally associated with the risk of CVDs except for IS, whereas non-significant association of LNSP with CVDs was detected. Further investigation into AFS could be warranted in preventing the progression of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengui Zhuo
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Qiqi Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Center for Drug and Medical Device Procurement, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Zujin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Huili Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Meicui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yuxiang Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Taizhou Central Hospital (Taizhou University Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Liangrong Zheng
- Department of Cardiology and Atrial Fibrillation Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhu K, Lin Z, Luo Q, Jiang Z, He R, Wu H, Yu J, Liu X, Sheng J, Zhu H, Huang H. Sexual behavior and cardiovascular diseases: univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1250404. [PMID: 38116537 PMCID: PMC10728475 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1250404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the relationship of genetically predicted sexual behavior (age at first sex (AFS) and the number of sexual partners (NSP)) on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods and results We performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with publicly available datasets from the UK Biobank and FinnGen Study, and analyzed genome-wide association results for sexual behaviors and twelve types of CVDs. The univariable MR method provided a total effect of AFS and NSP on CVDs, and showed evidence that early AFS rather than NSP was associated with CVDs, including angina pectoris (AP), atrial fibrillation and flutter (AFF), coronary atherosclerosis (CAS), deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity (DVT-LE), heart failure (HF), hypertension (HTN), ischaemic stroke (IS), and myocardial infarction (MI). Given sex as a social determinant of CVD risk, we used gender-stratified SNPs to investigate gender differences in the development of CVDs. These results showed a stronger causal relationship of AFS on CVDs in females than in males. Further multivariable MR analyses indicated a direct effect after accounting for insomnia, number of days of vigorous physical activity 10 + minutes (VPA 10 + min), and time spent watching television (TV). Two-step MR demonstrated these three risk factors act as a mediator in AFS associated AP/HTN/HF. Conclusions We provide evidence that early AFS increased the risk of CVDs. These associations may be partly caused by VPA 10 + min, insomnia, and the time spent on TV. The causality of AFS on CVDs in females was stronger than in males. Conversely, genetically predicted NSP was not associated with CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhongliang Lin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinyu Luo
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoying Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Renke He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaen Yu
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Sheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Shanghai, China
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