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Guzzoni V, Emerich de Abreu ICM, Bertagnolli M, Mendes RH, Belló-Klein A, Casarini DE, Flues K, Cândido GO, Paulini J, De Angelis K, Marcondes FK, Irigoyen MC, Sousa Cunha T. Aerobic training increases renal antioxidant defence and reduces angiotensin II levels, mitigating the high mortality in SHR-STZ model. Arch Physiol Biochem 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39016681 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2024.2377381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTVE The purpose of the research was to investigate the effects of aerobic training on renal function, oxidative stress, intrarenal renin-angiotensin system, and mortality of hypertensive and diabetic (SHR-STZ) rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Blood pressure, creatinine, urea levels, urinary glucose, urine volume, and protein excretion were reduced in trained SHR-STZ rats. RESULTS Aerobic training not only attenuated oxidative stress but also elevated the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the kid'ney of SHR-STZ rats. Training increased intrarenal levels of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE and ACE2) as well as the neprilysin (NEP) activity, along with decreased intrarenal angiotensin II (Ang II) levels. Aerobic training significantly improved the survival of STZ-SHR rats. CONCLUSION The protective role of aerobic training was associated with improvements in the renal antioxidative capacity, reduced urinary protein excretion along with reduced intrarenal Ang II and increased NEP activity. These findings might reflect a better survival under the combined pathological conditions, hypertension, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius Guzzoni
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mariane Bertagnolli
- Laboratory of Maternal-child Health, Hospital Sacre-Coeur Research Center, CIUSSS Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- School of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roberta Hack Mendes
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriane Belló-Klein
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dulce Elena Casarini
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karin Flues
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Orsi Cândido
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Janaína Paulini
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kátia De Angelis
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Klein Marcondes
- Department of Biosciences, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (FOP - UNICAMP), Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maria Cláudia Irigoyen
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Sousa Cunha
- Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São José dos Campos, Brazil
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Zou L, Yu X, Cai K, Xu B, Chen C, Xiao G. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptide IVGFPAYGH protects against liver injury in mice fed a high‑sodium diet by inhibiting the RAS and remodeling gut microbial communities. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128265. [PMID: 37984577 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Consuming a high‑sodium diet carries serious health risks and significantly influences the activation state of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). This study evaluates the protective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide IVGFPAYGH on a high‑sodium diet-induced liver injury. IVGFPAYGH supplementation increased the activities of liver antioxidase and decreased the levels of liver inflammatory factor in mice fed a high‑sodium diet (8 % NaCl). IVGFPAYGH supplementation also reduced liver fatty acid synthesis and promoted fatty acid oxidation, increased the expression of low-density lipoprotein receptor, and improved liver dyslipidemia. Furthermore, IVGFPAYGH supplementation inhibited the activation of the liver RAS via inhibiting ACE activity and reducing angiotensin II levels in mice fed a high‑sodium diet. Moreover, IVGFPAYGH supplementation could alter the gut microbiota composition toward a normal gut microbiota composition and increase the abundance of the Lactobacillus genus. IVGFPAYGH supplementation also increased the expression levels of small intestinal tight junction protein and cecum short-chain fatty acids. Thus, IVGFPAYGH supplementation may maintain intestinal homeostasis and improve high‑sodium diet-induced liver injury by altering the gut microbiota composition and inhibiting the RAS. IVGFPAYGH is a promising functional ingredient for protecting liver damage caused by a high‑sodium diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifang Zou
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kezhou Cai
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process from Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baocai Xu
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China
| | - Conggui Chen
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; Engineering Research Center of Bio-process from Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guiran Xiao
- China Light Industry Key Laboratory of Meat Microbial Control and Utilization, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China; School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui province, People's Republic of China.
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Namai-Takahashi A, Takahashi J, Ogawa Y, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation in the Kidneys of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15601. [PMID: 37958585 PMCID: PMC10649976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training (Ex) has anti-hypertensive and renal protective effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of Ex on mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in the kidneys of Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats fed a high-salt (HS) diet. Eight-week-old, male Dahl-S rats were divided into three groups: (1) normal-salt diet, sedentary (NS-Sed), (2) HS diet, sedentary (HS-Sed), and (3) HS-Ex. The NS and HS groups were fed a diet containing 0.6% and 8% NaCl, respectively. The HS-Ex group performed treadmill running for 8 weeks (5 days/week; 60 min/day at 16-20 m/min, 0% gradient). Renal function and the expression of enzymes and regulators of β-oxidation and electron transport chain (ETC) complexes were assessed. HS increased systolic blood pressure and proteinuria, and Ex ameliorated these defects. HS also reduced creatinine clearance, and Ex ameliorated it. HS reduced the renal expression of enzymes of β-oxidation (carnitine palmitoyltransferase type I (CPTI) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (CADs)) and the related transcription factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Ex restored this. HS also reduced the renal expression of enzymes in ETC complexes, and Ex restored this expression. Ex ameliorates HS-induced renal damage by upregulating enzymes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and ETC complexes via increases in PPAR-α and PGC-1α expressions in the kidneys of Dahl-S rats. These results suggest that Ex may have beneficial effects on HS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Junta Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan
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Hu G, Xu L, Ito O. Impacts of High Fructose Diet and Chronic Exercise on Nitric Oxide Synthase and Oxidative Stress in Rat Kidney. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102322. [PMID: 37242205 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exercise (Ex) exerts antihypertensive and renoprotective effects in rats fed a high fructose diet (HFr). To elucidate the mechanisms, the impacts of an HFr and Ex on the nitric oxide (NO) system and oxidative stress in the kidney were examined. Rats were fed a control diet or an HFr, and a part of the HFr-fed rats underwent treadmill running for 12 weeks. The HFr did not affect nitrate/nitrite (NOx) levels in plasma and urine, and Ex increased the NOx levels. The HFr increased thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels in plasma and urine, and Ex decreased the HFr-increased TBARS levels in plasma. The HFr increased the neuronal and endothelial NO synthase (nNOS and eNOS) expressions, and Ex enhanced the HFr-increased eNOS expression. The HFr inhibited the eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177, and Ex restored the HFr-inhibited eNOS phosphorylation. The HFr increased xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activities, and Ex restored the HFr-increased xanthine oxidase activity but enhanced the HFr-increased NADPH oxidase activity. The HFr increased the nitrotyrosine levels, and Ex attenuated the HFr-increased levels. These results indicate that although Ex enhances the HFr-increased eNOS expression and NADPH oxidase activity, an HFr inhibits renal eNOS phosphorylation and NO bioavailability, whereas Ex ameliorates them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaizun Hu
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Center for Membrane and Cell Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Lusi Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8536, Japan
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XU LUSI, HU GAIZUN, QIU JIAHE, MIURA TAKAHIRO, YAMAKOSHI SEIKO, NAMAI-TAKAHASHI ASAKO, KOHZUKI MASAHIRO, ITO OSAMU. Exercise Training Prevents High Fructose-Induced Hypertension and Renal Damages in Male Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:803-812. [PMID: 36729699 PMCID: PMC10090347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-fructose diet (HFr) causes metabolic syndrome, and HFr-induced hypertension and renal damage are exaggerated in Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats. Exercise training (Ex) has antihypertensive and renal protective effects in rats fed HFr; however, there has been little discussion about the DS rats, which exhibit metabolic disturbances. This study thus examined the effects of Ex on DS rats fed HFr. METHODS Male DS rats were divided into three groups. The control group was fed a control diet, and both the HFr group and the HFr-Ex group were fed an HFr (60% fructose). The HFr-Ex group also underwent treadmill running (20 m·min -1 , 60 min·d -1 , 5 d·wk -1 ). After 12 wk, renal function, histology, and renin-angiotensin system were examined. RESULTS HFr increased blood pressure, urinary albumin, and creatinine clearance, and Ex inhibited these increases. HFr induced glomerular sclerosis, podocyte injury, afferent arteriole thickening, and renal interstitial fibrosis, and Ex ameliorated them. HFr reduced plasma renin activity, and Ex further reduced the activity. HFr also increased the expression of angiotensinogen, renin, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and angiotensin II type 1 receptor, and Ex restored the ACE expression to the control levels. HFr decreased the expression of ACE2, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and Mas receptor, and Ex restored the ACE2 and Mas receptor expressions to the control levels and further decreased the angiotensin II type 2 receptor expression. HFr increased the ACE activity and decreased the ACE2 activity, and Ex restored these activities to the control levels. CONCLUSIONS Ex prevents HFr-induced hypertension and renal damages in DS rats. The changes in renal renin-angiotensin system may be involved in the mechanism of the antihypertensive and renal protective effects of Ex.
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Affiliation(s)
- LUSI XU
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - GAIZUN HU
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - JIAHE QIU
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - TAKAHIRO MIURA
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - SEIKO YAMAKOSHI
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
- Division of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Sendai, JAPAN
| | - ASAKO NAMAI-TAKAHASHI
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - MASAHIRO KOHZUKI
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - OSAMU ITO
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, JAPAN
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Exercise Training Ameliorates Renal Oxidative Stress in Rats with Chronic Renal Failure. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090836. [PMID: 36144240 PMCID: PMC9504114 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In patients with chronic kidney disease, exercise training with moderate intensity protects renal function and improves mortality. However, the mechanisms of the renal protective effects of exercise training in chronic kidney disease have not been clarified. This study investigated the effects of exercise training on renal NADPH oxidative and xanthine oxidase, which are major sources of reactive oxygen species, in rats with chronic renal failure. Six-week-old, male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into the sham operation, 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx)+ sedentary, and Nx+ exercise training groups. The Nx+ exercise training group underwent treadmill running. After 12 weeks, systolic blood pressure, renal function, malondialdehyde, renal NADPH oxidase, and xanthine oxidase were examined. Nx induced hypertension, proteinuria, and renal dysfunction, and exercise training attenuated these disorders. Although the plasma levels of malondialdehyde were not different among the group, urinary levels were increased by Nx and decreased by exercise training. Renal activity and expression of NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase were increased by Nx and decreased by exercise training. These results indicate that exercise training attenuates hypertension and renal dysfunction and ameliorates NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase in rats with chronic renal failure, suggesting that the reduction of reactive oxygen species generation may be involved in the renal protective effects of exercise training.
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Sakuyama A, Ogawa Y, Xu L, Komatsu M, Miura T, Namai-Takahashi A, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Effects of Exercise Training on the Renin-Angiotensin System in the Kidneys of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rats. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1105-1113. [PMID: 35220367 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exercise training (Ex) has antihypertensive and renal protective effects; however, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a vital role in renal function and pathology. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Ex on the renal RAS components in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl-S) rats. METHODS Male Dahl-S rats were divided into four groups: normal salt diet + sedentary, normal salt diet + Ex, high-salt diet (HS, 8% NaCl) + sedentary, and HS + Ex. Treadmill running was performed for 8 wk in the Ex groups. RESULTS Ex attenuated the HS-induced renal dysfunction and glomerular injury without causing blood pressure alterations. HS increased urinary excretion of both total and intact angiotensinogen. Ex decreased the HS-induced increased urinary excretion of total angiotensinogen. However, it did not change the HS-induced urinary excretion of intact angiotensinogen, indicating reduced intact angiotensinogen cleaving. Ex restored the HS-induced increased angiotensinogen and angiotensin II type 1 receptor expressions in the outer medulla and the HS-induced increased angiotensin-converting enzyme expression in the cortex. Ex restored the HS-induced decreased renin expression in the cortex and outer medulla, and the HS-induced decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, angiotensin II type 2 receptor, and Mas receptor expressions in the outer medulla. CONCLUSIONS Ex attenuates HS-induced renal dysfunction, glomerular injury, and renal RAS dysregulation in Dahl-S rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, JAPAN
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - Miwa Komatsu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, JAPAN
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Sabet N, Soltani Z, Khaksari M. The effects of exercise on kidney injury: the role of SIRT1. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:4025-4038. [PMID: 35449317 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07122-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In patients with kidney injury, muscle mass and strength decrease with altered muscle protein synthesis and degradation along with complications such as inflammation and low physical activity. A treatment strategy to maintain muscle metabolism in kidney injury is important. One of the proposed strategies in this regard is exercise, which in addition to inducing muscle hypertrophy, reducing plasma creatinine and urea and decreasing the severity of tubal injuries, can boost immune function and has anti-inflammatory effects. One of the molecules that have been considered as a target in the treatment of many diseases is silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1). Exercise increases the expression of SIRT1 and improves its activity. Therefore, studies that examined the effect of exercise on kidney injury considering the role of SIRT1 in this effect were reviewed to determine the direction of kidney injury research in future regarding to its prevalence, especially following diabetes, and lack of definitive treatment. In this review, we found that SIRT1 can be one of renoprotective target pathways of exercise. However, further studies are needed to determine the role of SIRT1 in different kidney injuries following exercise according to the type and severity of exercise, and the type of kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Sabet
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Zahra Soltani
- Research Center of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.,Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Miura T, Sakuyama A, Xu L, Qiu J, Namai-Takahashi A, Ogawa Y, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Febuxostat ameliorates high salt intake-induced hypertension and renal damage in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. J Hypertens 2022; 40:327-337. [PMID: 34495901 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000003012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several clinical studies have reported that xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors have antihypertensive and renal protective effects but their mechanisms have not been fully determined. This study aims to clarify these mechanisms by examining the effects of febuxostat, which is a novel selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitor, in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. METHODS Eight-week-old male Dahl salt-sensitive rats were fed a normal salt (0.6% NaCl) or high salt (8% NaCl) diet for 8 weeks. A portion of the rats that were fed high salt diet were treated with febuxostat (3 mg/kg per day) simultaneously. Additionally, acute effects of febuxostat (3 mg/kg per day) were examined after high salt diet feeding for 4 or 8 weeks. RESULTS Treatment with febuxostat for 8 weeks attenuated high salt diet-induced hypertension, renal dysfunction, glomerular injury, and renal interstitial fibrosis. Febuxostat treatment reduced urinary excretion of H2O2 and malondialdehyde and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content. High salt diet increased xanthine oxidoreductase activity and expression in the proximal tubules and medullary interstitium. Febuxostat completely inhibited xanthine oxidoreductase activity and attenuated the high salt diet-increased xanthine oxidoreductase expression. Febuxostat transiently increased urine volume and Na+ excretion without change in blood pressure or urinary creatinine excretion after high salt diet feeding for 4 or 8 weeks. CONCLUSION Febuxostat ameliorates high salt diet-induced hypertension and renal damage with a reduction of renal oxidative stress in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The antihypertensive effect of febuxostat may be mediated in part by diuretic and natriuretic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo
| | - Lusi Xu
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Jiahe Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Asako Namai-Takahashi
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Sport and Medical Science, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai
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Kotake H, Yamada S, Ogura Y, Watanabe S, Inoue K, Ichikawa D, Sugaya T, Ohata K, Natsuki Y, Hoshino S, Watanabe M, Kimura K, Shibagaki Y, Kamijo-Ikemori A. Endurance exercise training-attenuated diabetic kidney disease with muscle weakness in spontaneously diabetic Torii fatty rats. Kidney Blood Press Res 2021; 47:203-218. [PMID: 34923497 DOI: 10.1159/000521464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate protective effects of endurance exercise training against diabetic kidney disease (DKD) with muscle weakness by using male spontaneously diabetic Torii (SDT) fatty rats as type 2 diabetic animal models with obesity, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Methods Eight-week-old SDT fatty rats (n = 12) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 10) were randomly divided into exercise (Ex; SDT-Ex: n = 6, SD-Ex: n = 5) and sedentary groups (SDT-Cont: n = 6, SD-Cont: n = 5), respectively. Each group underwent regular treadmill exercise four times a week from ages 8 to 16 weeks. Results The exercise attenuated hypertension and hyperlipidemia and prevented increases in renal parameter levels without affecting blood glucose levels. In the SDT fatty rats, it prevented induction of renal morphological abnormalities in the interstitium of the superficial and intermediate layers of the cortex. Downregulated expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the glomerulus of the SDT fatty rats was significantly upregulated by the exercise. The exercise upregulated the renal expressions of both medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α related to fatty acid metabolism. It increased muscle strength and both muscle weight and cross-sectional area of type IIb muscle fibers in the extensor digitorum longus muscle in the SDT fatty rats. Conclusion Endurance exercise training in type 2 diabetes ameliorates DKD by improving endothelial abnormality and enhancing fatty acid metabolism in addition to attenuated hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and muscle weakness independently of blood glucose levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kotake
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamada
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogura
- Department of Physiology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Shiika Watanabe
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Kazuho Inoue
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ichikawa
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugaya
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ohata
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Natsuki
- Institute for Ultrastructural Morphology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Seiko Hoshino
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Minoru Watanabe
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Shibagaki
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Atsuko Kamijo-Ikemori
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Department of Anatomy, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Institute for Animal Experimentation, St. Marianna University Graduate School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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Qiu J, Sato Y, Xu L, Miura T, Kohzuki M, Ito O. Chronic Exercise Protects against the Progression of Renal Cyst Growth and Dysfunction in Rats with Polycystic Kidney Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2485-2494. [PMID: 34310502 PMCID: PMC8594502 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the progressive enlargement of renal epithelial cysts and renal dysfunction. Previous studies have reported the beneficial effects of chronic exercise on chronic kidney disease. However, the effects of chronic exercise have not been fully examined in PKD patients or models. The effects of chronic exercise on the progression of PKD were investigated in a polycystic kidney (PCK) rat model. Methods Six-week-old male PCK rats were divided into a sedentary group and an exercise group. The exercise group underwent forced treadmill exercise for 12 wk (28 m·min−1, 60 min·d−1, 5 d·wk−1). After 12 wk, renal function and histology were examined, and signaling cascades of PKD progression, including arginine vasopressin (AVP), were investigated. Results Chronic exercise reduced the excretion of urinary protein, liver-type fatty acid–binding protein, plasma creatinine, urea nitrogen, and increased plasma irisin and urinary AVP excretion. Chronic exercise also slowed renal cyst growth, glomerular damage, and interstitial fibrosis and led to reduced Ki-67 expression. Chronic exercise had no effect on cAMP content but decreased the renal expression of B-Raf and reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and S6. Conclusion Chronic exercise slows renal cyst growth and damage in PCK rats, despite increasing AVP, with the downregulation of the cAMP/B-Raf/ERK and mTOR/S6 pathways in the kidney of PCK rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Qiu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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de Souza JA, Becker LK, Batista MAC, de Assis Braga DC, Gomes PM, Alzamora AC, Vieira MAR, de Lima WG, Andrade MGC, de Lima Sanches B, Totou NL, de Assis Dias Martins Júnior F, de Oliveira LB, Antunes VR, Cardoso LM. Swimming training improves cardiovascular autonomic dysfunctions and prevents renal damage in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning. Exp Physiol 2020; 106:412-426. [PMID: 33347659 DOI: 10.1113/ep088892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does swimming exercise training impact hydro-electrolytic balance, renal function, sympathetic contribution to resting blood pressure and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Na+ ] in rats fed a high-sodium diet from weaning? What is the main finding and its importance? An exercise-dependent reduction in blood pressure was associated with decreased CSF [Na+ ], sympathetically driven vasomotor tonus and renal fibrosis indicating that the anti-hypertensive effects of swimming training in rats fed a high-sodium diet might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by sodium levels in the CSF rather than changes in blood volume. ABSTRACT High sodium intake is an important factor associated with hypertension. High-sodium intake with exercise training can modify homeostatic hydro-electrolytic balance, but the effects of this association are mostly unknown. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of swimming training (ST) on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na+ concentration, sympathetic drive, blood pressure (BP) and renal function of rats fed a 0.9% Na+ (equivalent to 2% NaCl) diet with free access to water for 22 weeks after weaning. Male Wistar rats were assigned to two cohorts: (1) fed standard diet (SD) and (2) fed high-sodium (HS) diet. Each cohort was further divided into trained and sedentary groups. ST normalised BP levels of HS rats as well as the higher sympathetically related pressor activity assessed by pharmacological blockade of ganglionic transmission (hexamethonium). ST preserved the renal function and attenuated the glomerular shrinkage elicited by HS. No change in blood volume was found among the groups. CSF [Na+ ] levels were higher in sedentary HS rats but were reduced by ST. Our findings showed that ST effectively normalised BP of HS rats, independent of its effects on hydro-electrolytic balance, which might involve neurogenic mechanisms regulated by Na+ levels in the CSF as well as renal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lenice Kappes Becker
- Physical Education School at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paula Magalhães Gomes
- Deptartment of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Carvalho Alzamora
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno de Lima Sanches
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Nádia Lúcia Totou
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vagner Roberto Antunes
- Deptartment of Physiology and Biophysics, ICB; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Máximo Cardoso
- Department of Biological Sciences, ICEB at the Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
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