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Perla S, Kumar A. Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of the human angiotensinogen gene by high salt. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568343. [PMID: 38045346 PMCID: PMC10690268 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Angiotensinogen (AGT) is a component of RAAS, that regulates blood pressure. The human angiotensinogen (hAGT) gene has -6A/-6G polymorphism and -6A variant is associated with human hypertension. In this study, we have investigated the epigenetic regulation of the hAGT. To understand transcriptional regulation of the hAGT, we have made transgenic animals containing -6A. We show that HS affects DNA methylation and modulates transcriptional regulation of this gene in liver and kidney. High salt (HS) increases hAGT gene expression in -6A TG mice. We have observed that the number of CpG sites in the hAGT promoter is decreased after HS treatment. In the liver, seven CpG sites are methylated whereas after HS treatment, only three CpG sites remain methylated. In the kidney, five CpG sites are methylated, whereas after HS treatment, only three CpG sites remain methylated. These results suggest that HS promotes DNA demethylation and increasing AGT gene expression. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis show that hAGT gene expression is increased by HS. Chip assay has shown that transcription factors bind strongly after HS treatment. RNA-Seq identified differentially expressed genes, novel target genes associated with hypertension, top canonical pathways, upstream regulators. One of the plausible mechanisms for HS induced up-regulation of the hAGT gene is through IL-6/JAK/STAT3/AGT axis.
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Hussain M, Khan HN, Abbas S, Ali A, Aslam MN, Awan FR. Tetra-ARMS-PCR assay development for genotyping of AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism, its comparison with PCR-RFLP and application in a case-control association study of cardiovascular disease patients. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36815563 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2023.2181972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the AGT gene play a significant role in controlling the plasma concentration of angiotensinogen (precursor protein of bioactive octapeptide angiotensin II) and the efficacy of antihypertensive drugs. In the current study, Tetra-Amplification Refractory Mutation System-Polymerase Chain Reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) was developed for genotyping of AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism and validated through Sanger DNA sequencing. Its efficiency was also tested using 474 human DNA samples [control, n = 181; cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, n = 293]. Results showed that T-ARMS-PCR is superior to the commonly used PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Statistical analysis revealed that the AGT rs699 CC genotype is more prevalent in the CVD patient group (37% vs. 28%) and AGT rs699 C allele and CC genotype increased the risk of CVD by 1.4 and 1.9 fold, respectively. In summary, T-ARMS-PCR is the most suitable approach for quick and efficient genotyping of AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism in a large population in resource-limited countries, Furthermore, AGT rs699 T/C polymorphism is associated with the risk of CVD in the Punjabi Pakistani population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Hussain
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders Group, Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.,NIBGE College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders Group, Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,NIBGE College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan.,Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Diabetes and Cardio-Metabolic Disorders Lab, Human Molecular Genetics and Metabolic Disorders Group, Health Biotechnology, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.,NIBGE College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kumar R, Lee MH, Mickael C, Kassa B, Pasha Q, Tuder R, Graham B. Pathophysiology and potential future therapeutic targets using preclinical models of COVID-19. ERJ Open Res 2020; 6:00405-2020. [PMID: 33313306 PMCID: PMC7720688 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00405-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) gains entry into the lung epithelial cells by binding to the surface protein angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, also known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), can lead to death due to acute respiratory distress syndrome mediated by inflammatory immune cells and cytokines. In this review, we discuss the molecular and biochemical bases of the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and human cells, and in doing so we highlight knowledge gaps currently precluding development of new effective therapies. In particular, discovery of novel treatment targets in COVID-19 will start from understanding pathologic changes based on a large number of autopsy lung tissue samples. Pathogenetic roles of potential molecular targets identified in human lung tissues must be validated in established animal models. Overall, this stepwise approach will enable appropriate selection of candidate therapeutic modalities targeting SARS-CoV2 and the host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael H. Lee
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Claudia Mickael
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Biruk Kassa
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Rubin Tuder
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brian Graham
- Dept of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Kanipakam H, Sharma K, Thinlas T, Mohammad G, Pasha MAQ. Structural and functional alterations of nitric oxide synthase 3 due to missense variants associate with high-altitude pulmonary edema through dynamic study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:294-309. [PMID: 31902292 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1711190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The human endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) is 28 Kbp at 7q36.1 and encodes protein comprising of 1280 amino acids. Being a major source of nitric oxide, the enzyme is crucial to the vascular homeostasis and thereby to be an important pharmaceutical target. We hence have been investigating this molecule in a high-altitude disorder namely, high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in a case-control design of sojourners that included healthy controls and HAPE patients (n = 200) each. Four NOS3 missense SNPs i.e. rs1799983 (E298D), rs3918232 (V827M), rs3918201 (R885M) and rs3918234 (Q982L), were associated significantly with HAPE (P-value < 0.05). Furthermore, extensive in silico analyses were performed to predict the detrimental effect of the four variant types and their three most relevant co-factors namely, heme, flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) that are accountable for amendment of protein stability leading to structural de-construction. Subsequently, we validated the findings in a larger sample size of the two study groups. HAPE patients had a higher frequency of the four variants and significantly decreased levels of circulating nitric oxide (NO) (P-value < 0.001). The in silico and human subjects findings complement each other. This study explored the impact of HAPE-associated NOS3 variants with its protein structure stability and holds promise to be current and future drug targets.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kanipakam
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Kavita Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Tashi Thinlas
- Department of Medicine, SNM Hospital, Leh, Ladakh, India
| | | | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Fajar JK, Pikir BS, Sidarta EP, Saka PNB, Akbar RR, Tamara F, Mayasari ED, Gunawan A, Heriansyah T. The genes polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) M235T and AGT T174M in patients with essential hypertension: A meta-analysis. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mopidevi B, Kaw MK, Sivankutty I, Jain S, Perla SK, Kumar A. A polymorphism in intron I of the human angiotensinogen gene ( hAGT) affects binding by HNF3 and hAGT expression and increases blood pressure in mice. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:11829-11839. [PMID: 31201268 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.007715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the precursor of one of the most potent vasoconstrictors, peptide angiotensin II. Genome-wide association studies have shown that two A/G polymorphisms (rs2493134 and rs2004776), located at +507 and +1164 in intron I of the human AGT (hAGT) gene, are associated with hypertension. Polymorphisms of the AGT gene result in two main haplotypes. Hap-I contains the variants -217A, -6A, +507G, and +1164A and is pro-hypertensive, whereas Hap-II contains the variants -217G, -6G, +507A, and +1164G and does not affect blood pressure. The nucleotide sequence of intron I of the hAGT gene containing the +1164A variant has a stronger homology with the hepatocyte nuclear factor 3 (HNF3)-binding site than +1164G. Here we found that an oligonucleotide containing +1164A binds HNF3β more strongly than +1164G and that Hap-I-containing reporter gene constructs have increased basal and HNF3- and glucocorticoid-induced promoter activity in transiently transfected liver and kidney cells. Using a knock-in approach at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus, we generated a transgenic mouse model containing the human renin (hREN) gene and either Hap-I or Hap-II. We show that transgenic animals containing Hap-I have increased blood pressure compared with those containing Hap-II. Moreover, the transcription factors glucocorticoid receptor, CCAAT enhancer-binding protein β, and HNF3β bound more strongly to chromatin obtained from the liver of transgenic animals containing Hap-I than to liver chromatin from Hap-II-containing animals. These findings suggest that, unlike Hap-II variants, Hap-I variants of the hAGT gene have increased transcription rates, resulting in elevated blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meenakshi K Kaw
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43614
| | - Indu Sivankutty
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Sudhir Jain
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Sravan Kumar Perla
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
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Kohli S, Kumar R, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Pasha MAQ. Impact of interactions between risk alleles on clinical endpoints in hypertension. HEART ASIA 2016; 8:83-9. [PMID: 27326240 DOI: 10.1136/heartasia-2016-010723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impairment of the renin-angiotensinogen-aldosterone system (RAAS), one of the characteristics of essential hypertension (EH), imbalances vascular homeostasis. Despite inconsistent reports on individual single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as a major predictor of EH, interactions among RAAS genetic variants are rarely investigated. METHODS Using SNP markers, we studied potential interactions between angiotensin 1 converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin II-type 1 receptor (AGTR1), and α adducin (ADD1) variants and their correlation with clinical endpoints in 545 individuals with hypertension and 400 age- and ethnicity-matched unrelated controls. Generalised multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis identified the models for genotype interaction. RESULTS Although the results on single genes were significant, gene-gene interactions were more reliable and promising as markers in predisposing hypertension. The best models to represent association of multi-locus interactions with augmented hypertension susceptibility were: (a) within gene 4-locus model comprised of AGT SNPs -217G/A, -20A/C, -6G/A and 235M/T (p=0.022, OR 6.1); and (b) between genes 5-locus model comprised of AGT -217G/A, -20A/C, -6G/A, 235M/T and ACE I/D (p=0.05, OR 4.6). Stratification of 4- and 5-locus GMDR models on the basis of risk alleles from ≤1 to ≥7 increased the ORs from 2.8 to 36.1 and from 0.9 to 16.1, respectively. Moreover, compared to ≤1 risk alleles the ≥7 interacting risk alleles in both 4- and 5-locus models showed an increment of 14.2% and 11.1% in systolic blood pressure, 7.7% and 1.1% in diastolic blood pressure, and 10.5% and 5.1% in mean arterial pressure, respectively, in patients. CONCLUSIONS Interactions among the genetic loci of RAAS components may be used as a predictor for susceptibility to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Kohli
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, USA
| | - Mohit Gupta
- Department of Cardiology , G.B. Pant Hospital , New Delhi, Delhi , India
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology , G.B. Pant Hospital , New Delhi, Delhi , India
| | - M A Qadar Pasha
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, Delhi, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Genetics meets epigenetics: Genetic variants that modulate noncoding RNA in cardiovascular diseases. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 89:27-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Liao X, Yang Z, Peng D, Dai H, Lei Y, Zhao Q, Han Y, Wang W. Association of T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene with essential hypertension: a meta-analysis. Genet Mol Biol 2014; 37:473-9. [PMID: 25249768 PMCID: PMC4171772 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572014000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen gene and essential hypertension risk remains controversial. We herein performed a meta-analysis to achieve a reliable estimation of their relationship. All the studies published up to May 2013 on the association between T174M polymorphism and essential hypertension risk were identified by searching the electronic repositories PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE, Springer, Elsevier Science Direct, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar. Data were extracted and pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Ultimately, nine eligible studies, including 2188 essential hypertension cases and 2459 controls, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. No significant associations were found under the overall ORs for M-allele comparison (M vs. T, pooled OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.62–1.37), MM vs. TT (pooled OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.29–2.51), TM vs. TT n (pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63–1.32), recessive model (MM vs. TT+TM, pooled OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.35–2.30), dominant model (MM+TM vs. TT, pooled OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.60–1.38) between T174M polymorphism and risk for essential hypertension. This meta-analysis suggested that the T174M polymorphism of the angiotensinogen gene might not be associated with the susceptibility of essential hypertension in Asian or European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hua Dai
- Sichuan University, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lei
- Sichuan University, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Weiwen Wang
- Chengdu Military General Hospital, P.R. China
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Gupta MD, Girish MP, Sikdar S, Ahuja R, Shah D, Kumar R, Rain M, Nejatizadeh A, Tyagi S, Pasha Q. β-T594M epithelial sodium channel gene polymorphism and essential hypertension in individuals of Indo-Aryan ancestry in Northern India. Indian Heart J 2014; 66:397-400. [PMID: 25173196 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The T594M variant of the β-subunit of the sodium epithelial channel (ENaC) gene may contribute to hypertension in individuals of Indo-Aryan origin. METHODS Present study was performed to assess the role of the ENaC gene variant as an independent risk factor for hypertension in subjects of Indo-Aryan ancestry. A total of 150 patients of recently detected essential hypertension and 150 matched controls were genotyped for the T594M polymorphism of the ENaC gene by PCR-RFLP method. RESULTS β-T594M mutation was found to be non-polymorphic. There was major genotype call in both the groups i.e. cases and controls. Other phenotypic parameters like age, sex and body mass index were also similar among hypertensive patients and controls (P > 0.05). Hypertensive patients had significantly higher total cholesterol and triglycerides compared with controls (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION These results do not suggest an important role for the T594M variant of the ENaC gene contributing to either the development or severity of hypertension in subjects of Indo-Aryan ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit D Gupta
- Associate Professor of Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - M P Girish
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunandan Sikdar
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramandeep Ahuja
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Dhaval Shah
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Manjari Rain
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Azim Nejatizadeh
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanjay Tyagi
- Department of Cardiology, G.B. Pant Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Qadar Pasha
- Functional Genomics Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Mopidevi B, Ponnala M, Kumar A. Human angiotensinogen +11525 C/A polymorphism modulates its gene expression through microRNA binding. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:901-6. [PMID: 23943853 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00056.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Like other complex disease, hypertension is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure. Angiotensinogen (AGT) gene is associated with essential hypertension in Caucasians, Japanese, and Asian-Indian subjects. AGT gene may also be associated with cardiac hypertrophy, coronary atherosclerosis, and microangiopathy related cerebral damage. Human AGT gene has a C/A polymorphism at nucleoside 11525 (rs7079) that is located in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) and is modestly associated with increased blood pressure. We show here that miR-31 and miR-584 bind strongly to the hAGT 3'-UTR containing 11525C allele compared with 11525A allele. We also show that transfection of miR-31 and miR-584 downregulates the hAGT mRNA and protein levels in human liver cells. These studies may provide new therapeutic approach to reduce hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahmaraju Mopidevi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo Health Science Campus, Toledo, Ohio
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12
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Effect of specific ADRB1/ADRB2/AGT genotype combinations on the association between survival and carvedilol treatment in chronic heart failure: a substudy of the ECHOS trial. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2013; 22:709-15. [PMID: 22760495 DOI: 10.1097/fpc.0b013e3283540286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to determine whether carvedilol-treated chronic heart failure patients have a different prognosis when stratified for a specific combination of a gain-of-function genotype of the adrenergic β-1 receptor gene (ADRB1) (Arg389-homozygous), two gain-of-function genotypes of the angiotensinogen gene (AGT) (Thr174-homozygous and Thr235-homozygous), and a downregulated genotype of the adrenergic β-2 receptor gene (ADRB2) (Gln27-carrier). METHODS Genotyping of 618 patients was carried out using the Sequenoms MassARRAY genotyping system. Outcome was all-cause mortality and statistics were calculated using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. Internal validation was performed using the bootstrap procedure. RESULTS Eighty-seven of the 618 patients included in the study were treated with carvedilol. There was a significant interaction between the outcome of carvedilol treatment and the combination of the gain-of-function ADRB1 genotype (Arg389-homozygous) and the gain-of-function AGT genotype (Thr174-homozygous) (P(interaction)=0.003; hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.26-3.78, P=0.005). There was also a significant interaction when the downregulated ADRB2 genotype (Gln27-carrier) was added to the ADRB1/AGT combination (P(interaction)=0.0005; hazard ratio 2.67, 95% confidence interval 1.51-4.72, P=0.0007). Two hundred and four patients were treated with metoprolol. There was no interaction between metoprolol treatment and the specific genotype combinations as there was no difference in the overall survival. The validity of the results was supported by the bootstrap procedure. CONCLUSION We found a doubling of the hazard of mortality in carvedilol-treated patients with the combination of the gain-of-function ADRB1 genotype (Arg389-homozygous), the gain-of-function AGT genotype (Thr174-homozygous), and the downregulated ADRB2 genotype (Gln27-carrier). This might be valuable when stratifying chronic heart failure patients to the right β-blocker therapy.
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Charita B, Padma G, Sushma P, Deepak P, Padma T. Estimation of risk and interaction of single nucleotide polymorphisms at angiotensinogen locus causing susceptibility to essential hypertension: a case control study. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2012; 13:461-71. [DOI: 10.1177/1470320312444650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bh Charita
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, India
| | - G Padma
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, India
| | - P Sushma
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, India
| | - P Deepak
- Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, India
| | - T Padma
- Department of Genetics, Osmania University, India
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Hypertension-Related Gene Polymorphisms of G-Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 Are Associated with NT-proBNP Concentration in Normotensive Healthy Adults. Int J Hypertens 2012; 2012:806810. [PMID: 22518293 PMCID: PMC3296214 DOI: 10.1155/2012/806810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) with activating polymorphisms desensitize the natriuric renal tubular D1 dopamine receptor, and these GRK4 polymorphisms are strongly associated with salt sensitivity and hypertension. Meanwhile, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) may be useful in detecting slight volume expansion. However, relations between hypertension-related gene polymorphisms including GRK4 and cardiovascular indices such as NT-proBNP are not clear, especially in healthy subjects. Therefore, various hypertension-related polymorphisms and cardiovascular indices were analyzed in 97 normotensive, healthy Japanese adults. NT-proBNP levels were significantly higher in subjects with two or more GRK4 polymorphic alleles. Other hypertension-related gene polymorphisms, such as those of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes, did not correlate with NT-proBNP. There was no significant association between any of the hypertension-related gene polymorphisms and central systolic blood pressure, cardioankle vascular index, augmentation index, plasma aldosterone concentration, or an oxidative stress marker, urinary 8-OHdG. Normotensive individuals with GRK4 polymorphisms show increased serum NT-proBNP concentration and may be at a greater risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
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Nejatizadeh A, Kumar R, Stobdan T, Pasha MQ. Association of GNB3 C825T polymorphism with plasma electrolyte balance and susceptibility to hypertension. Genet Mol Biol 2011; 34:553-6. [PMID: 22215956 PMCID: PMC3229107 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572011005000052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of G-protein activation in cardiovascular disorders is well-known. G-protein β3 subunit (GNB3) C825T polymorphism is associated with increased intracellular signal transduction. We investigated the role of the variant in plasma sodium and potassium concentrations and association with hypertension. 345 healthy controls and 455 patients with essential hypertension were enrolled. Plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration were measured. The variant, typed by SNaPshot, was analyzed on an ABI Prism 3100 Genetic Analyzer and GeneScan. The TT genotype and T allele were over-represented in the patients (p < 0.001, p < 0.0001). Multiple-logistic regression disclosed that the risk of hypertension was significantly greater for TT (p < 0.0001, OR = 6.1, CI = 2.9-12.7). One-way ANOVA revealed that hypertensive T-allele carriers (CT+TT), compared to non-carriers (CC), had a greater body mass index (BMI), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and PAC (p = 0.01, p = 0.01, p < 0.0001, respectively); while the patients with 825TT risk genotype showed higher plasma sodium and lower potassium (p < 0.0001, each). The results strongly emphasize, not only the role of C825T polymorphism by the induction of increased G-protein activity and enhancement of Na/h exchangers, but also the association with higher plasma sodium and lower potassium levels, high BMI and susceptibility to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Choi YS, Kwon H, Kim JH, Shin JE, Choi Y, Yoon TK, Choi DH, Kim NK. Haplotype-based association of ACE I/D, AT1R 1166A>C, and AGT M235T polymorphisms in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes in Korean women with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; 158:225-8. [PMID: 21636204 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine whether or not the angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), and angiotensinogen (AGT) gene polymorphisms are associated with idiopathic recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSAs) in Korean women. STUDY DESIGN A total of 251 patients with unexplained consecutive pregnancy losses, and 126 healthy controls with at least one live birth and no history of pregnancy loss. RESULT The odds ratios (ORs) of the ACE ID (OR=2.423; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.417-4.142; p=0.001) and the ACE II (OR=2.050; 95% CI=1.143-3.675; p=0.018) for the ACE DD genotype were significantly different between patients with idiopathic RSA and controls; however, there were no significant differences between patients and controls with respect to the AT1R 1166A>C and AGT M235T polymorphisms. In a haplotype-based analysis of I-A (p=0.010), D-A (p=0.004), I-A-T (p=0.033), D-A-T (p=0.0005), and D-C-T (p=0.013) polymorphism pairs with synergistic effects derived by the MDR method in patients and in controls showed significant results. CONCLUSION This study suggests that ACE, AT1R and AGT polymorphisms and haplotypes are a genetic determinant for the risk of idiopathic RSA in Korean women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Seul Choi
- Institute for Clinical Research, School of Medicine, CHA University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Aggarwal S, Dimri N, Tandon I, Agarwal S. Preeclampsia in North Indian women: the contribution of genetic polymorphisms. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2011; 37:1335-41. [PMID: 21564405 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01523.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To find association of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D), angiotensinogen (AGT) T704C, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T and factor V Leiden (FVL) G1691A polymorphisms with pre-eclampsia (PE) in North Indian women. MATERIAL & METHODS In this prospective case-control study, genotyping of 200 pre-eclamptic women and 200 normotensive pregnant controls was performed for the ACE I/D, AGT T/C,MTHFR C/T and FVL G/A polymorphisms. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS and Epi Info to estimate their association with PE. The association of these polymorphisms with nonsevere PE and severe PE was separately assessed. RESULTS The FVL mutation was found in 4% of women and increased the risk of PE twofold (odds ratio [OR] 2.08, P-value 0.03). The MTHFR mutant allele was found to be protective (OR 0.59, P-value 0.01). Both these polymorphisms showed similar association with nonsevere PE (OR 2.149, P-value 0.038 and OR 0.565, P-value 0.222, respectively) but not with severe PE. The ACE I/D and AGT T/C polymorphisms were not found to be associated with PE overall (OR 1.26, P-value 0.11 and OR 1.15, P-value 0.35, respectively), but ACE I/D polymorphism was found to increase the risk of severe PE (OR 1.53, P-value 0.019). CONCLUSION FVL mutation is more common in North Indians than previously believed and it predisposes the women to PE. MTHFR mutant allele is paradoxically protective. ACE polymorphism appears to predispose to severe PE but not nonsevere PE. No significant contribution of AGT polymorphism to PE is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shagun Aggarwal
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Jain S, Tillinger A, Mopidevi B, Pandey VG, Chauhan CK, Fiering SN, Warming S, Kumar A. Transgenic mice with -6A haplotype of the human angiotensinogen gene have increased blood pressure compared with -6G haplotype. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:41172-86. [PMID: 20978123 PMCID: PMC3003415 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.167585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a serious risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the angiotensinogen (AGT) gene locus is associated with human essential hypertension. The human AGT (hAGT) gene has an A/G polymorphism at -6, and the -6A allele is associated with increased blood pressure. However, transgenic mice containing 1.2 kb of the promoter with -6A of the hAGT gene show neither increased plasma AGT level nor increased blood pressure compared with -6G. We have found that the hAGT gene has three additional SNPs (A/G at -1670, C/G at -1562, and T/G at -1561). Variants -1670A, -1562C, and -1561T almost always occur with -6A, and variants -1670G, -1562G, and -1561G almost always occur with -6G. Therefore, the hAGT gene may be subdivided into either -6A or -6G haplotypes. We show that these polymorphisms affect the binding of HNF-1α and glucocorticoid receptor to the promoter, and a reporter construct containing a 1.8-kb hAGT gene promoter with -6A haplotype has 4-fold increased glucocorticoid-induced promoter activity as compared with -6G haplotype. In order to understand the physiological significance of these haplotypes in an in vivo situation, we have generated double transgenic mice containing either the -6A or -6G haplotype of the hAGT gene and the human renin gene. Our ChIP assay shows that HNF-1α and glucocorticoid receptor have stronger affinity for the chromatin obtained from the liver of transgenic mice containing -6A haplotype. Our studies also show that transgenic mice containing -6A haplotype have increased plasma AGT level and increased blood pressure as compared with -6G haplotype. Our studies explain the molecular mechanism involved in association of the -6A allele of the hAGT gene with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Jain
- From the Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Andrej Tillinger
- From the Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Brahmaraju Mopidevi
- From the Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | - Varunkumar G. Pandey
- From the Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
| | | | - Steven N. Fiering
- the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Dartmouth Medical School, Dartmouth, New Hampshire 03755, and
| | - Soren Warming
- the Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, NCI-Frederick, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Ashok Kumar
- From the Department of Pathology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595
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Grobe JL, Dickson ME, Park S, Davis DR, Born EJ, Sigmund CD. Cardiovascular consequences of genetic variation at -6/235 in human angiotensinogen using "humanized" gene-targeted mice. Hypertension 2010; 56:981-7. [PMID: 20823378 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.157354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Genetic and functional data support a role for angiotensinogen in blood pressure control, and many population studies have suggested that polymorphisms in the angiotensinogen gene contribute to hypertension. Two common haplotypes of the human angiotensinogen gene are -6A/235T and -6G/235M. To study their contributions to blood pressure regulation in a controlled model system, we developed triple-transgenic mice expressing either -6A/235T or -6G/235M human angiotensinogen, expressing either an overexpressed and poorly regulated (REN9) or a tightly regulated (PAC160) human renin, and all carrying a null mutation in the endogenous murine angiotensinogen gene. These humanized mice were then examined for blood pressure differences at baseline and after a high-salt diet, changes in cardiovascular organ weight, and differences in angiotensinogen and renin gene expression. Mice expressing the -6G/235M haplotype on the PAC160 background exhibited increased blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy at baseline. In contrast, all of the mice with the REN9 background had equivalent baseline blood pressures. On the REN9 background, there was a greater increase in blood pressure in -6A/235T in response to a high-salt diet, providing evidence it may be a susceptibility allele. There were no differences in angiotensinogen expression between haplotypes on either background strain. The data suggest that the impact of angiotensinogen haplotypes on cardiovascular end points may be dependent on renin status and environmental influences, such as dietary sodium. These insights may help explain the discrepancies among observational studies that have examined roles for the -6A/235T and -6G/235M angiotensinogen haplotypes in varied human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin L Grobe
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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Nejatizadeh A, Kumar R, Stobdan T, Goyal AK, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Jain SK, Pasha MAQ. CYP11B2 gene haplotypes independently and in concurrence with aldosterone and aldosterone to renin ratio increase the risk of hypertension. Clin Biochem 2009; 43:136-41. [PMID: 19786005 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Revised: 09/15/2009] [Accepted: 09/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aldosterone synthase produces aldosterone, which regulates electrolytes and thereby blood pressure. Polymorphisms in aldosterone-synthase gene (CYP11B2) may associate with heterogeneous aldosterone production and hypertension. Hence, we investigated -344T/C, Iw/Ic polymorphisms of CYP11B2, plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone concentration (PAC). DESIGN AND METHODS Consecutive ethnically-matched 450 hypertensive patients and 360 controls were screened by PCR-RFLP for genotypes and haplotypes; PRA and PAC were measured. RESULTS The Iw/Ic polymorphism distribution differed significantly between the two groups (LRT chi(2)=15.8, df=2, P=0.000). The mutant allele-Ic and genotype-Ic/Ic were overrepresented in patients (35% versus 27% and 13% versus 7%). Overrepresentation of T-Ic haplotype in patients was identified as risk haplotype (P=0.000). Patients had significantly higher PAC and aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR; P=0.000), which was Ic-allele dependent. CONCLUSIONS The haplotype T-Ic associated with hypertension susceptibility. Correlation between Ic-allele and raised ARR likely serve in hypertension management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azim Nejatizadeh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi 110 007, India
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Kumar R, Nejatizadeh A, Arif E, Akhtar S, Gupta M, Tyagi S, Goyal AK, Jain SK, Qadar Pasha MA. Multi-locus interactions of vascular homeostasis genes in essential hypertension: a gender-based study. Clin Chim Acta 2009; 405:87-93. [PMID: 19379721 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies on genes of endothelial and vascular homeostasis are inadequate in females. METHODS We investigated the role of 7 variants of ACE, AGT and NOS3 and their correlation with NO(x) levels and ACE activity in hypertension susceptibility in 910 case-controls of both genders. RESULTS Prevalence of alleles D of ACE I/D; -6A of AGT -6G/A; -786C, 894T and 4a of NOS3 -786T/C, 894G/T and 4b/4a polymorphisms was observed in patients (P< or =0.05). The 3 genotypes-combinations containing 6+5 wild-type alleles of AGT and NOS3 were significantly less prevalent in patients (P< or =0.0003). The haplotypes 235T/174T/-6A of AGT (P=4E-3) and -786T/894G/4a and -786C/894G/4a of NOS3 (P=2E-3, P=0.011, respectively) were significantly more prevalent in patients. The AGT and NOS3 findings were similar in males. Genotypes-combinations with 6+5 wild-type alleles of AGT correlated with higher NO(x) levels (P=0.03). The NOS3 genotypes-combinations having 6 and 6+5 wild-type alleles correlated with decreased ACE activity (P=0.025, P=0.0015, respectively) and increased NO(x) levels (P=0.001, P=0.0001, respectively) in patients. In gene-gene interactions, ACE D allele associated with < or =4 wild-type alleles containing genotypes-combinations of AGT and NOS3 in patients (P< or =0.04). CONCLUSION Within gene and between genes interactions of variants influence ACE activity and NO(x) levels and associate with EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kumar
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Angiotensinogen gene haplotypes in hypertension. J Hypertens 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328314b839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Angiotensinogen gene haplotypes in hypertension. J Hypertens 2008; 26:2451-2; author reply 2452-3. [PMID: 19008727 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328311d210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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