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Liu YF, Wang HH, Geng YH, Han L, Tu SH, Chen JS, Wen CY. Uncovering the Potential Mechanisms and Effects of Hyperuricemia and its Associated Diseases on Male Reproduction. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:2184-2198. [PMID: 38379071 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01453-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Male fertility and metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, are closely connected. Since hyperuricemia and metabolic syndrome are strongly related, male fertility and hyperuricemia may, to some degree, be associated. According to recent studies, hyperuricemia imposes various effects on sex hormones, semen quality, and male erectile dysfunction. Some researchers claim that uric acid worsens male semen and raises the risk of erectile dysfunction (ED), while others state that it safeguards both penile erection and male semen. Additionally, it has been shown that gout and metabolic syndrome also raise the risk of ED. To clarify this controversy, the influence and potential mechanisms of hyperuricemia on ED, semen quality, sex hormone levels, and the effects of hyperuricemia-related disorders on ED will be comprehensively summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yin-Hong Geng
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liang Han
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Hao Tu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-She Chen
- The Reproduction Center, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cai-Yuzhu Wen
- The Reproduction Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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2
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Johnson RJ, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Nakagawa T, Rodriguez-Iturbe B, Tolan D, Gaucher EA, Andrews P, Lanaspa MA. Do thrifty genes exist? Revisiting uricase. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1917-1926. [PMID: 36150210 PMCID: PMC9512363 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sixty years ago, the geneticist James Neel proposed that the epidemics of obesity and diabetes today may have evolutionary roots. Specifically, he suggested that our ancestors may have accumulated mutations during periods of famine that provided a survival advantage at that time. However, the presence of this "thrifty genotype" in today's world, where food is plentiful, would predispose us to obesity and diabetes. The "thrifty gene" hypothesis, attractive to some, has been challenged over the years. The authors have previously postulated that the loss of the uricase gene, resulting in a rise in serum and intracellular uric acid levels, satisfies the criteria of a thrifty genotype mutation. This paper reviews and brings up-to-date the evidence supporting the hypothesis and discusses the current arguments that challenge this hypothesis. Although further studies are needed to test the hypothesis, the evidence supporting a loss of uricase as a thrifty gene is substantial and supports a role for evolutionary biology in the pathogenesis of the current obesity and diabetes epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Johnson
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | | | - Bernardo Rodriguez-Iturbe
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Mexico City, Mexico and INC Ignacio Chavez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Dean Tolan
- Biology Department, Boston University, Boston MA
| | - Eric A. Gaucher
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Peter Andrews
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Miguel A Lanaspa
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Nephrology, Oregon Health Sciences University
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ALRashdi BM, Elgebaly HA, Germoush MO, Qarmush MM, Azab MS, Alruhaimi RS, Ahmeda AF, Abukhalil MH, Kamel EM, Arab HH, Alzoghaibi MA, Alotaibi MF, Mahmoud AM. A flavonoid-rich fraction of Monolluma quadrangula inhibits xanthine oxidase and ameliorates potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemia in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:63520-63532. [PMID: 35461413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia represents a risk factor for the progression of chronic kidney disease. Oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the mechanisms underlying hyperuricemia-mediated kidney injury. Monolluma quadrangula possesses several beneficial effects; however, its effect on hyperuricemia has not been investigated. This study evaluated the renoprotective and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitory activity of M. quadrangula in hyperuricemic rats. Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of six known flavonoid isolated for the first time from this species. The rats received M. quadrangula extract (MQE) and potassium oxonate (PO) for 7 days. In vitro assays showed the radical scavenging and XO inhibitory activities of MQE, and in silico molecular docking revealed the inhibitory activity of the isolated flavonoids towards XO. Hyperuricemic rats showed elevated serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, and XO activity, and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines, MDA and NO, and decreased GSH, SOD, and catalase. MQE ameliorated serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, and XO activity, and renal pro-inflammatory cytokines. In addition, MQE attenuated renal oxidative stress, enhanced antioxidants, downregulated URAT-1, and GLUT-9 and upregulated OAT-1 in PO-induced rats. In conclusion, M. quadrangula attenuated hyperuricemia and kidney impairment by suppressing XO activity, oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating urate transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barakat M ALRashdi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan A Elgebaly
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mousa O Germoush
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mona S Azab
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Reem S Alruhaimi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad F Ahmeda
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad H Abukhalil
- Department of Medical Analysis, Princess Aisha Bint Al-Hussein College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, Ma'an, Jordan
| | - Emadeldin M Kamel
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hany H Arab
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alzoghaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Alotaibi
- Physiology Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman M Mahmoud
- Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Salah Salim St, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt.
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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4
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Xu M, Zheng X, Wang D, Fu X, Xing Y, Liu Y, Wang H, Kong X. Blockage of C-X-C Motif Chemokine Receptor 2 (CXCR2) Suppressed Uric Acid (UA)-Induced Cardiac Remodeling. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700338. [PMID: 34385934 PMCID: PMC8353369 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia-induced cardiac remodeling is at least in part via pressure-dependent mechanisms, yet the pressure-independent mechanisms are not well understood. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL1) was upregulated in renal tubules from mice subjected to uric acid (UA)-induced nephropathy. Given that CXCL1 is a master chemokine responsible for the recruitment of macrophage by binding with its receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), we thus hypothesized that UA-induced cardiac injury is via promoting the recruitment of CXCR2 + macrophages into the heart, which enhances cardiac inflammation. Within a mouse model of UA injection (500 mg/kg, twice/day, 14 days), we measured the level of cardiac CXCL1. We also tested the efficacy of the CXCR2 antagonist on UA-induced cardiac inflammation and remodeling. We found a high plasma level of UA-induced upregulation of CXCL1 in heart tissues. CXCR2 antagonist relieved UA-induced cardiac hypertrophy and suppressed cardiac inflammation and fibrosis. The silencing of CXCR2 in human monocytes abolished the migration of UA-induced monocyte. Thus, the interventions against CXCL1/CXCR2 may be effective for the prevention and treatment of UA-induced cardiac hypertrophy and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xu Zheng
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dongxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medicine University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yida Xing
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Hongjiang Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaodan Kong
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Xu X, Wang H, Guo D, Man X, Liu J, Li J, Luo C, Zhang M, Zhen L, Liu X. Curcumin modulates gut microbiota and improves renal function in rats with uric acid nephropathy. Ren Fail 2021; 43:1063-1075. [PMID: 34187292 PMCID: PMC8253186 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1944875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the progression of hyperuricemia disease often contributes to renal dysfunction. However, there have been few studies on uric acid nephropathy (UAN), especially its relationship with gut microbiota. UAN is usually accompanied by disordered intestinal flora, and damaged gut barrier, which are closely related to tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and systemic inflammation. In previous studies, it has been confirmed that curcumin could alleviate tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and improve renal function through its antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory efficacies. However, the effects curcumin exerts on intestinal flora in uric acid nephropathy are still unknown. Therefore, we used next-generation sequencing technology to investigate the effects of curcumin on gut microbiota in a rat model of UAN induced by adenine and potassium oxonate, and rats were randomly divided into control, model or curcumin treatment groups. The results demonstrated that, compared to the model group, the treatment group showed decreased serum uric acid (156.80 ± 11.90 μmol/L vs. 325.60 ± 18.65 μmol/L, p < 0.001), serum creatinine (66.20 ± 11.88 μmol/L vs. 182.20 ± 8.87 μmol/L, p < 0.001) and BUN level (13.33 ± 3.16 mmol/L vs. 36.04 ± 6.60 mmol/L, p < 0.001). The treatment group also displayed attenuated renal pathological lesions and metabolic endotoxemia (25.60 ± 5.90 ng/mL vs. 38.40 ± 4.98 ng/mL, p < 0.01), and improved tightly linked proteins expression. Besides, curcumin altered the gut microbiota structure in UAN rats. More specifically, curcumin treatment protected against the overgrowth of opportunistic pathogens in UAN, including Escherichia-Shigella and Bacteroides, and increased the relative abundance of bacteria producing short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as Lactobacillus and Ruminococcaceae. These results suggest that curcumin could modulate gut microbiota, fortify the intestinal barrier, attenuate metabolic endotoxemia, and consequently protect the renal function in UAN rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dandan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaofei Man
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Congjuan Luo
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Zhen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Hyperuricemia and Xanthine Oxidoreductase (XOR) Inhibitors. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1470380. [PMID: 33854690 PMCID: PMC8019370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1470380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Hyperuricemia is a metabolic disease caused by the increased formation or reduced excretion of serum uric acid (SUA). Alterations in SUA homeostasis have been linked to a number of diseases, and hyperuricemia is the major etiologic factor of gout and has been correlated with metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and renal disease. Oxidative stress is usually defined as an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in our body and is considered to be one of the main causes of cell damage and the development of disease. Studies have demonstrated that hyperuricemia is closely related to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In the human body, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, with the accompanying production of ROS. Therefore, XOR is considered a drug target for the treatment of hyperuricemia and gout. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of uric acid transport and the development of hyperuricemia, emphasizing the role of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of hyperuricemia. We also summarize recent advances and new discoveries in XOR inhibitors.
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7
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Pan J, Shi M, Ma L, Fu P. Mechanistic Insights of Soluble Uric Acid-related Kidney Disease. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:5056-5066. [PMID: 30526453 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666181211094421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia, defined as the presence of elevated serum uric acid (sUA), could lead to urate deposit in joints, tendons, kidney and other tissues. Hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor was common in patients during the causation and progression of kidney disease. Uric acid is a soluble final product of endogenous and dietary purine metabolism, which is freely filtered in kidney glomeruli where approximately 90% of filtered uric acid is reabsorbed. Considerable studies have demonstrated that soluble uric acid was involved in the pathophysiology of renal arteriolopathy, tubule injury, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, as well as glomerular hypertrophy and glomerulosclerosis. In the review, we summarized the mechanistic insights of soluble uric acid related renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pan
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Min Shi
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ping Fu
- Kidney Research Laboratory, Division of Nephrology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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8
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Protective Effects and Metabolic Regulatory Mechanisms of Shenyan Fangshuai Recipe on Chronic Kidney Disease in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:5603243. [PMID: 32908562 PMCID: PMC7468650 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5603243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the major causes of renal damage. Shenyan Fangshuai Recipe (SFR), a modified prescription of traditional medicine in China, showed potent effects in alleviating edema, proteinuria, and hematuria of CKD in clinical practices. In this study, we aimed to investigate scientific evidence-based efficacy as well as metabolic regulations of SFR in CKD treatment. Materials and Methods The effect of SFR on CKD was observed in a rat model which is established with oral administration of adenine-ethambutol mixture for 21 days. Further, metabolites in serum were detected and identified with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-HRMS). Metabolomics study was performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Results With H&E staining and Masson's trichrome, the results showed that chronic kidney damage is significantly rescued with SFR treatment and recovered to an approximately normal condition. Along with 44 differential metabolites discovered, the regulation of SFR on CKD was enriched in glycine biosynthesis I, mitochondrial L-carnitine shuttle pathway, phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis III, sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling, L-serine degradation, folate transformations I, noradrenaline and adrenaline degradation, salvage pathways of pyrimidine ribonucleotides, cysteine biosynthesis III (Mammalia), glycine betaine degradation, and cysteine biosynthesis/homocysteine degradation. Further, TGFβ-1 and MMP-9 were observed playing roles in this regulatory process by performing immunohistochemical staining. Conclusion SFR exerts potent effects of alleviating glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney, mainly via integrated regulations on metabolism and production of homocysteine, L-carnitine, and epinephrine, as well as the expression of TGFβ-1. This study provides evidence for SFR's protective effects on CKD and reveals the metabolic mechanism behind these benefits for the first time.
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Research Advances in the Mechanisms of Hyperuricemia-Induced Renal Injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5817348. [PMID: 32685502 PMCID: PMC7336201 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5817348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Uric acid is the end product of purine metabolism in humans, and its excessive accumulation leads to hyperuricemia and urate crystal deposition in tissues including joints and kidneys. Hyperuricemia is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and renal diseases. Although the symptoms of hyperuricemia-induced renal injury have long been known, the pathophysiological molecular mechanisms are not completely understood. In this review, we focus on the research advances in the mechanisms of hyperuricemia-caused renal injury, primarily on oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, renal fibrosis, and inflammation. Furthermore, we discuss the progress in hyperuricemia management.
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10
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Tao M, Shi Y, Tang L, Wang Y, Fang L, Jiang W, Lin T, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Blockade of ERK1/2 by U0126 alleviates uric acid-induced EMT and tubular cell injury in rats with hyperuricemic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 316:F660-F673. [PMID: 30648910 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00480.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) are serine/threonine kinases and function as regulators of cellular proliferation and differentiation. Recently, we demonstrated that inhibition of ERK1/2 alleviates the development and progression of hyperuricemia nephropathy (HN). However, its potential roles in uric acid-induced tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tubular epithelial cell injury are unknown. In this study, we showed that hyperuricemic injury induced EMT as characterized by downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of vimentin and Snail1 in a rat model of HN. This was coincident with epithelial cells arrested at the G2/M phase of cell cycle, activation of Notch1/Jagged-1 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9. Administration of U0126, a selective inhibitor of ERK1/2, blocked all these responses. U0126 was also effective in inhibiting renal tubular cell injury, as shown by decreased expression of lipocalin-2 and kidney injury molecule-1 and active forms of caspase-3. U0126 or ERK1/2 siRNA can inhibit tubular cell EMT and cell apoptosis as characterized with decreased expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, ERK1/2 inhibition suppressed hyperuricemic injury-induced oxidative stress as indicated by decreased malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase. Collectively, ERK1/2 inhibition-elicited renal protection is associated with inhibition of EMT through inactivation of multiple signaling pathways and matrix metalloproteinases, as well as attenuation of renal tubule injury by enhancing cellular resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lunxian Tang
- Emergency Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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11
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Shi Y, Xu L, Tao M, Fang L, Lu J, Gu H, Ma S, Lin T, Wang Y, Bao W, Qiu A, Zhuang S, Liu N. Blockade of enhancer of zeste homolog 2 alleviates renal injury associated with hyperuricemia. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 316:F488-F505. [PMID: 30566000 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00234.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with the progression of kidney diseases. It remains unknown whether enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone H3 lysine 27 methyltransferase, can regulate metabolism of serum uric acid and progression of renal injury induced by hyperuricemia. In this study, we demonstrated that blockade of EZH2 with 3-DZNeP, a selective EZH2 inhibitor, or silencing of EZH2 with siRNA inhibited uric acid-induced renal fibroblast activation and phosphorylation of Smad3, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) in cultured renal fibroblasts. Inhibition of EZH2 also suppressed proliferation of renal fibroblasts and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular cells. In a mouse model of renal injury induced by hyperuricemia, EZH2 and trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine27 expression levels were enhanced, which was coincident with renal damage and increased expression of lipocalin-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Inhibition of EZH2 with 3-DZNeP blocked all these responses. Furthermore, 3-DZNeP treatment decreased the level of serum uric acid and xanthine oxidase activity, alleviated renal interstitial fibrosis, inhibited activation of transforming growth factor-β/Smad3, EGFR/ERK1/2, and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways, as well as reduced expression of multiple chemokines/cytokines. Collectively, EZH2 inhibition can reduce the level of serum uric acid and alleviate renal injury and fibrosis through a mechanism associated with inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. Targeting EZH2 may be a novel strategy for the treatment of hyperuricemia-induced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Min Tao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Jiasun Lu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Shuchen Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Wenfang Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
| | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University , Shanghai , China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine , Shanghai , China
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12
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Fu X, Niu N, Li G, Xu M, Lou Y, Mei J, Liu Q, Sui Z, Sun J, Qu P. Blockage of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) suppressed uric acid-induced vascular inflammation, smooth muscle cell de-differentiation, and remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:440-444. [PMID: 30502082 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia contributes to vascular injury and dysfunction, yet the potential mechanisms are not well understood. Uric acid (UA) has been found to stimulate macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) up-regulation in renal tubules from rats subjected to UA-induced nephropathy. Given that MIF is able to induce vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) de-differentiation (from contractile state to a secretory state), we thus hypothesized that UA-induced vascular injury is via up-regulating of MIF in VSMCs, which enhancing vascular inflammation and VSMC transition. Within a mouse model of UA injection (500 mg/kg, twice/day, 14 days), we measured circulating and vascular MIF levels under UA stimulation at 6 h, day 1, and 14. We tested the efficacy of MIF inhibitor (10 mg/kg, twice/day, 14 days) on UA-induced vascular inflammation and remodeling. High plasma level of UA induced vascular MIF release into the plasma at acute phase. In the chronic phase, the protein level of MIF is up-regulated in the vessels. MIF inhibitor suppressed vascular inflammatory responses, repressed VSMC de-differentiation, and attenuated vascular remodeling and dysfunction following UA stimulation. Knockdown of MIF in cultured VSMCs repressed UA-induced de-differentiation. Our results provided a novel mechanism for MIF-mediated vascular injury in response to UA stimulation, and suggested that anti-MIF interventions may be of therapeutic value in hyperuricemic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Nan Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Mingxi Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Yu Lou
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jiajie Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Qizhi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Zheng Sui
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Jingyi Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, China.
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13
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Yang X, Gu J, Lv H, Li H, Cheng Y, Liu Y, Jiang Y. Uric acid induced inflammatory responses in endothelial cells via up-regulating(pro)renin receptor. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1163-1170. [PMID: 30551366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an important risk factor for vascular inflammation, yet the potential mechanisms of uric acid (UA) in endothelial cells are not well understood. UA has been found to stimulate renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). (Pro)renin receptor ((P)RR) is widely expressed in endothelial cells and able to induce RAS activation. Whether UA-induced endothelial cell inflammation is via up-regulating (P)RR remained unknown. Primary HUVECs were cultured and treated with UA, under the condition of (P)RR or AT1 silencing. The degree of inflammation in HUVECs was determined by Real-time PCR and monocyte adhesion assay. The protein levels of (P)RR were determined by western blotting or immunofluorescence. Probenecid was used to block UA re-absorption in this study. Adhesion of monocytes to HUVECs was elucidated by microfluidic chip. We found (P)RR is up-regulated in HUVECs following UA stimulation. UA promoted vascular inflammation, which was characterized by up-regulating of cytokines and enhanced monocyte adhesion. Silencing of (P)RR alleviated UA-induced vascular inflammation. Probenecid treatment abolished UA-induced vascular inflammation in HUVECs via suppressing (P)RR up-regulation. This finding was further verified by using microfluidic chip. Our findings indicate that (P)RR plays a critical role in endothelial inflammation in response to UA stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Jie Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Haichen Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Huihua Li
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yunpeng Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
| | - Yinong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
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14
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FOXO3a-dependent up-regulation of Mxi1-0 promotes hypoxia-induced apoptosis in endothelial cells. Cell Signal 2018; 51:233-242. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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15
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Liu N, Xu L, Shi Y, Fang L, Gu H, Wang H, Ding X, Zhuang S. Pharmacologic targeting ERK1/2 attenuates the development and progression of hyperuricemic nephropathy in rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:33807-33826. [PMID: 28442634 PMCID: PMC5464913 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of hyperuricemia-induced chronic kidney disease is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether extracellular signal–regulated kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) would contribute to the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). In a rat model of HN induced by feeding mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, in parallel with diminished levels of renal function and increased urine microalbumin excretion. Administration of U0126, which is a selective inhibitor of the ERK1/2 pathway, improved renal function, decreased urine microalbumin and inhibited activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts as well as accumulation of extracellular proteins. U0126 also inhibited hyperuricemia-induced expression of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines and infiltration of macrophages in the kidney. Furthermore, U0126 treatment suppressed xanthine oxidase, which mediates uric acid production. It also reduced expression of the urate anion exchanger 1, which promotes reabsorption of uric acid, and preserved expression of organic anion transporters 1 and 3, which accelerate uric acid excretion in the kidney of hyperuricemic rats. Finally, U0126 inhibited phosphorylation of Smad3, a key mediator in transforming growth factor (TGF-β) signaling. In cultured renal interstitial fibroblasts, inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by siRNA suppressed uric acid-induced activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts. Collectively, pharmacologic targeting of ERK1/2 can alleviate HN by suppressing TGF-β signaling, reducing inflammation responses, and inhibiting the molecular processes associated with elevation of blood uric acid levels in the body. Thus, ERK1/2 inhibition may be a potential approach for the prevention and treatment of hyperuricemic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liuqing Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Yingfeng Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongwei Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Hongrui Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Ding
- Division of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI 02903, USA
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16
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He L, Fan Y, Xiao W, Chen T, Wen J, Dong Y, Wang Y, Li S, Xue R, Zheng L, He JC, Wang N. Febuxostat attenuates ER stress mediated kidney injury in a rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:111295-111308. [PMID: 29340054 PMCID: PMC5762322 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia contributes to kidney tubular injury and kidney fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we examined the role of RTN1A, a novel endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein and ER stress in hyperuricemic nephropathy. We first found the expression of RTN1A and ER stress markers was significantly increased in kidney biopsies of hyperuricemia patients with kidney injury. In a rat model of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) established by oral administration of a mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased expression of RTN1A and ER stress was shown in tubular and interstitial compartment of rat kidneys. Treatment of Febuxostat, a new selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase (XO), not only attenuated renal tubular injury and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, but also reduced uric acid crystals deposition in HN rat kidneys. In vitro, Febuxostat also reduced ER stress and apoptosis in uric acid treated tubular epithelial cells. Our data suggest that RTN1A and ER stress mediate tubular cell injury and kidney fibrosis in HN. Urate-lowering therapy (ULT) with Febuxostat attenuates uric-acid induced ER stress in renal tubular cells and the progression of HN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenzhen Xiao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Teng Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiejun Wen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiqi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Xue
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - John Cijiang He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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17
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Brodeur AC, Roberts-Pilgrim AM, Thompson KL, Franklin CL, Phillips CL. Transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3-independent epithelial-mesenchymal transition in type I collagen glomerulopathy. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2017; 10:251-259. [PMID: 28919801 PMCID: PMC5587152 DOI: 10.2147/ijnrd.s141393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The glomerulofibrotic Col1a2-deficient mouse model demonstrates glomerular homotrimeric type I collagen deposition in mesangial and subendothelial spaces. In this report, we investigate the role of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in myofibroblast activation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in this glomerulopathy. Immunohistochemical analyses of glomerular α-sma, desmin, vimentin, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen demonstrated parietal epithelial cell proliferation and EMT in late stages of the glomerulopathy in the Col1a2-deficient mice. Glomerular TGF-β1 RNA and protein were not elevated in 1- and 3-month-old mice as determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and protein immunoassay analyses. To investigate further whether TGF-β1 plays a role in the glomerulopathy outside of the 1- and 3-month time periods, the Col1a2-deficient mice were bred with Smad3 knockout mice. If the glomerular fibrosis in the Col1a2-deficient mice is mediated by the TGF-β1/Smad3 transcription pathway, it was hypothesized that the resultant Col1a2-deficient/Smad3-deficient mice would exhibit attenuated glomerular homotrimer deposition. However, the Col1a2-deficient/Smad3-deficient kidneys were similarly affected as compared to age-matched Col1a2-deficient kidneys, suggesting that homotrimeric type I collagen deposition in the Col1a2-deficient mouse is independent of TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. Deposition of homotrimeric type I collagen appears to be the initiating event in this glomerulopathy, providing evidence that EMT and myofibroblast activation occur following initiation, consistent with a secondary wound-healing response independent of TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Brodeur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA.,Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | | | - Kimberlee L Thompson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - Craig L Franklin
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charlotte L Phillips
- Department of Child Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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18
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Huang J, Sun Y, Niu K, Wan Z, Yao W, Gao Y, Zhang W, Li Y, Zhao H, Wu X. Does elevated serum uric acid level predict the hypertension incidence? A Chinese prospective cohort study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 37:498-504. [DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2015.1013121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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19
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Liu N, Wang L, Yang T, Xiong C, Xu L, Shi Y, Bao W, Chin YE, Cheng SB, Yan H, Qiu A, Zhuang S. EGF Receptor Inhibition Alleviates Hyperuricemic Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 26:2716-29. [PMID: 25788532 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014080793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for CKD and contributes to kidney fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGF receptor (EGFR) inhibition on the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN) and the mechanisms involved. In a rat model of HN induced by feeding a mixture of adenine and potassium oxonate, increased EGFR phosphorylation and severe glomerular sclerosis and renal interstitial fibrosis were evident, accompanied by renal dysfunction and increased urine microalbumin excretion. Administration of gefitinib, a highly selective EGFR inhibitor, prevented renal dysfunction, reduced urine microalbumin, and inhibited activation of renal interstitial fibroblasts and expression of extracellular proteins. Gefitinib treatment also inhibited hyperuricemia-induced activation of the TGF-β1 and NF-κB signaling pathways and expression of multiple profibrogenic cytokines/chemokines in the kidney. Furthermore, gefitinib treatment suppressed xanthine oxidase activity, which mediates uric acid production, and preserved expression of organic anion transporters 1 and 3, which promotes uric acid excretion in the kidney of hyperuricemic rats. Thus, blocking EGFR can attenuate development of HN via suppression of TGF-β1 signaling and inflammation and promotion of the molecular processes that reduce uric acid accumulation in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Nephrology and
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Research Center for Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | - Y Eugene Chin
- Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Bin Cheng
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island; and
| | | | - Andong Qiu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Translational Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of Nephrology and Research Center for Translational Medicine Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China;
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20
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Moraes RD, Van Bavel D, Moraes BSD, Tibiriçá E. Effects of dietary creatine supplementation on systemic microvascular density and reactivity in healthy young adults. Nutr J 2014; 13:115. [PMID: 25511659 PMCID: PMC4277830 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary creatine supplementation (CrS) is a practice commonly adopted by physically active individuals. However, the effects of CrS on systemic microvascular reactivity and density have never been reported. Additionally, CrS is able to influence blood levels of homocysteine, resulting in presumed effects on vascular endothelial function. Thus, we investigated the effects of CrS on the systemic microcirculation and on homocysteine levels in healthy young individuals. Methods This open-label study was performed on a group of 40 healthy male, moderately physically active subjects aged 27.7 ± 13.4 years who received one week of CrS at a dose of 20 g/day of commercially available micronized creatine monohydrate. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used in the evaluation of cutaneous microvascular reactivity, and intra-vital video microscopy was used to evaluate skin capillary density and reactivity, before and after CrS. Results CrS did not alter plasma levels of homocysteine, although CrS increased creatinine (p = 0.0001) and decreased uric acid (p = 0.0004) plasma levels. Significant changes in total cholesterol (p = 0.0486) and LDL-cholesterol (p = 0.0027) were also observed along with a reduction in plasma levels of T3 (p = 0.0074) and an increase in T4 levels (p = 0.0003). Skin functional capillary density (p = 0.0496) and capillary recruitment during post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (p = 0.0043) increased after CrS. Increases in cutaneous microvascular vasodilation induced by post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (p = 0.0078) were also observed. Conclusions Oral supplementation with creatine in healthy, moderately physically active young adults improves systemic endothelial-dependent microvascular reactivity and increases skin capillary density and recruitment. These effects are not concurrent with changes in plasma homocysteine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eduardo Tibiriçá
- National Institute of Cardiology (INC), Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil.
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21
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Hou SX, Zhu WJ, Pang MQ, Jeffry J, Zhou LL. Protective effect of iridoid glycosides from Paederia scandens (LOUR.) MERRILL (Rubiaceae) on uric acid nephropathy rats induced by yeast and potassium oxonate. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 64:57-64. [PMID: 24287205 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Iridoid glycosides of Paederia scandens (IGPS) are an active component isolated from Chinese herb P. scandens (LOUR.) MERRILL (Rubiaceae). Uric acid nephropathy (UAN) is caused by excessive uric acid, which results in damage of kidney tissue via urate crystals deposition in the kidneys. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of IGPS on UAN in rats induced by yeast and potassium oxonate. Treatment groups received different doses of IGPS and allopurinol (AP) daily for 35 days respectively. The results showed that treatment with IGPS significantly prevented the increases of uric acid in serum and the elevation of systolic blood pressure (SBP), attenuated renal tissue injury, improved renal function and reserved the biological activity of NOS-1. IGPS also inhibited the biological activity of TNF-α and TGF-β1, and suppressed the mRNA expressions of TNF-α and TGF-β1 in renal tissue. Taken together, the present and our previous findings suggest that IGPS exerts protective effects against kidney damage in UAN rats through its uric acid-lowering, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, decreasing SBP by up regulation of NOS-1 expression and down regulation of TNF-α and TGF-β1 expression are involved in the effect of IGPS on high uric acid-induced nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-xiang Hou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Wen-jing Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Pharmacy Intravenous Admixture Service, Hefei Binhu Hospital, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ming-qun Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China
| | - Joseph Jeffry
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lan-lan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China.
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22
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Zuo X, Zong F, Wang H, Wang Q, Xie W, Wang H. Iptakalim, a novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, inhibits pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation by downregulation of PKC-α. J Biomed Res 2013; 25:392-401. [PMID: 23554716 PMCID: PMC3596718 DOI: 10.1016/s1674-8301(11)60052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Iptakalim is a new ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel opener, and it inhibits the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary vascular remodeling. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we found that iptakalim significantly decreased pulmonary artery pressure, inhibited pulmonary ariery remodeling and PKC-α overexpression in chronic hypoxia in a rat pulmonary hypertension model. Iptakalim reduced hypoxia-induced expression of PKC-α, and abolished the effect of hypoxia on PASMC proliferation significantly in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, these effects were abolished by glibenclamide, a selective KATP channel antagonist. These results indicate that iptakalim inhibits PASMC proliferation and pulmonary vascular remodeling induced by hypoxia through downregulating the expression of PKC-α. Iptakalim can serve as a novel promising treatment for hypoxic pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrong Zuo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; ; Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
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23
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Zhao RJ, Pan ZY, Long CL, Cui WY, Zhang YF, Wang H. Stimulation of non-neuronal muscarinic receptors enhances chemerin/ChemR23 system in dysfunctional endothelial cells. Life Sci 2012; 92:10-6. [PMID: 23154239 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial cells play a pivotal role in vascular intimal inflammation during cardiovascular diseases. The chemerin/ChemR23 system in endothelial cells is one of physiological mechanisms that regulate inflammatory responses. Our previous studies indicated that stimulation of non-neuronal muscarinic receptor (NNMR) improved endothelial dysfunction. However, the relationship between the chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis and NNMR in endothelial cell is poorly understood. Here, we first investigated whether the modulation of chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis is involved in NNMR-mediated endothelial protection. MAIN METHODS Cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were used. The ChemR23 protein expression and chemerin secretion were measured using Western blot analysis. The gene expression level of ChemR23 was examined with reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). The production of nitric oxide (NO) was determined by a nitrate reductase assay kit. KEY FINDINGS A sharp decline of chemerin secretion and ChemR23 protein/gene expression was observed in RAECs after exposed to homocysteine at concentration of 0.5 mmol/L. Arecoline (10 μmol/L) pretreatment increased ChemR23 protein expression as well as mRNA expression, and enhanced the secretion of chemerin. Arecoline could also reverse the decreased ChemR23 mRNA expression induced by uric acid, high glucose, or oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, the modulation of arecoline on chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis was absolutely abolished in the presence of the nonselective muscarinic receptors antagonist atropine 1 μmol/L. Additionally, arecoline improved endothelial dysfunction by increasing the reduced NO production induced by uric acid, which was blocked by anti-ChemR23 antibody. SIGNIFICANCE The chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis participates in NNMR-mediated protection against endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Jun Zhao
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
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24
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Li J, Long C, Cui W, Wang H. Iptakalim ameliorates monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2012; 18:60-9. [PMID: 22947433 DOI: 10.1177/1074248412458154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to investigate the experimental therapeutic effects and mechanisms of iptakalim, a new adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium channel (K(ATP)) opener, on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and right heart ventricle remodeling in rats. METHODS Rats were injected with a single dose (50 mg/kg, ip) of MCT and given iptakalim (1, 3, and 9 mg/kg·per d, orally [po]) or saline for 28 days. The hemodynamic and morphometric parameters were assessed. Tissue and plasma samples were collected for histological and molecular analysis. RESULTS Treatment with iptakalim at daily oral doses of 1, 3, and 9 mg/kg from the day of MCT injection attenuated the high right ventricle systolic pressure (RVSP) and the increased weight ratio of right ventricle (RV) to left ventricle (LV) plus septum (S) (RV/(LV+S)), decreased heart rate (HR) and decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), inhibited the RV myocardial tissue cell apoptosis, and the RV myocardial cell B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) protein expression. Iptakalim also decreased the serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), endothelin 1 (ET-1), BNP, and the levels of NO, ET-1, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the lung tissue. CONCLUSION These results indicate that iptakalim prevents MCT-induced PAH and RV remodeling and its mechanisms are related to inhibiting the pathological increases in NO, ET-1, BNP, and TNF-α, and Iptakalim may be a promising candidate for the treatment of PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshan Li
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Cai Y, Chai D, Pei F, Fang Y, Wang R, Liang BB, Cui WY, Bao CG, Wang H. Single-dose pharmacokinetics and safety of iptakalim hydrochloride in Chinese healthy volunteers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:337-43. [PMID: 22309265 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the safety, pharmacokinetics and food effect of iptakalim in healthy adult Han Chinese volunteers. METHODS Study 1 was a randomized open-label, Latin square designed, single-dose, three-period, self-control crossover study. Six men and six women received 5, 10 and 20 mg of iptakalim orally. Study 2 was a randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-period, self-control crossover study. Ten men were included and each subject received 5 mg iptakalim orally, fasting and nonfasting. KEY FINDINGS No adverse effects were reported and no clinically meaningful changes in vital signs were found. Cmax, AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) were proportional over the dose levels of 5, 10 and 20 mg. Tmax, t½ and CL/F were similarly independent of dose level. In the 5 mg and 20 mg group, the Cmax, AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) in women were significantly higher than in men, although they showed no difference after correction by mg/kg doses in the 5 mg group. At the 5-mg dose level, no significant difference in pharmacokinetics was found in nonfasting and fasting subjects. CONCLUSIONS Single-dose pharmacokinetics of iptakalim showed dose proportionality over the dose levels of 5-20 mg. The pharmacokinetics showed gender differences in the 5 and 20 mg groups. Food had almost no impact on the pharmacokinetics at the 5 mg level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, PLA General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Wang Y, Zeng FH, Long CL, Pan ZY, Cui WY, Wang RH, Liu GS, Wang H. The novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener iptakalim prevents insulin resistance associated with hypertension via restoring endothelial function. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1466-74. [PMID: 22056616 PMCID: PMC4010207 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the effects of iptakalim on endothelial dysfunction induced by insulin resistance (IR) and to determine whether iptakalim improved IR associated with hypertension in fructose-fed rats (FFRs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used for in vitro study. The levels of endothelial vasoactive mediators and eNOS protein expression were determined using radioimmunoassays, ELISAs, colorimetric assays or Western blotting. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a high-fructose diet. In both FFRs and SHRs, tail-cuff method was used to measure systolic blood pressure (SBP), and hyperinsulinemic- euglycemic clamp was used to evaluate IR states. RESULTS (1) Cultured HUVECs incubated with the PI3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin (50 nmol/L) and insulin (100 nmol/L) induced endothelial dysfunction characterized by significantly reduced release of NO and expression of eNOS protein, and significantly increased production of ET-1. Pretreatment with iptakalim (0.1-10 μmol/L) could prevent the endothelial dysfunction. (2) In FFRs, the levels of SBP, fasting plasma glucose and insulin were significantly elevated, whereas the glucose infusion rate (GIR) and insulin sensitive index (ISI) were significantly decreased, and the endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation response to ACh was impaired. These changes could be prevented by oral administration of iptakalim (1, 3, or 9 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), for 4 weeks). The imbalance between serum NO and ET-1 was also ameliorated by iptakalim. (3) In 2-4 month-old SHRs (IR was established at the age of 4 months), oral administration of iptakalim (1, 3, or 9 mg·kg(-1)·d(-1), for 8 weeks) significantly ameliorated hypertension and increased the GIR to the normal level. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that iptakalim could protect against IR-induced endothelial dysfunction, and ameliorate IR associated with hypertension, possibly via restoring the balance between NO and ET-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Fu-hu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chao-liang Long
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Zhi-yuan Pan
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Wen-yu Cui
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ru-huan Wang
- Thadweik Academy of Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Guo-shu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hai Wang
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China
- Thadweik Academy of Medicine, Beijing 100039, China
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Duan RF, Cui WY, Wang H. Association of the antihypertensive response of iptakalim with KCNJ11 (Kir6.2 gene) polymorphisms in Chinese Han hypertensive patients. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:1078-84. [PMID: 21765448 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the relationship between the antihypertensive response of iptakalim and KCNJ11 polymorphisms in Chinese Han hypertensive patients. METHODS One hundred sixty two Chinese Han hypertensive patients were administered iptakalim (5 or 10 mg/d, po) for 8 weeks. Before the treatment and 24 h after completing the treatment blood pressure (BP) was measured. Genotyping was performed using direct sequencing. RESULTS Four common A190A, E23K, I337V and 3'UTR +62 G/A polymorphisms were found in KCNJ11. The E23K, I337V and 3'UTR +62 G/A polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium, and I337V was used as a representative. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, sex, baseline systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) among the 3 genotypes for the four polymorphisms. Significant association was found between SBP response and the polymorphisms (adjusted regression coefficient: 3.5 [1.2] mmHg; P=0.003 for the A190A polymorphism; adjusted regression coefficient: 3.1 [1.2] mmHg; P=0.012 for the I337V polymorphism). The patients with TT genotype for A190A polymorphism had higher clinical efficacy than those with CC genotype. CONCLUSION The results suggest the KCNJ11 polymorphisms are associated with the SBP-lowering response of short-term iptakalim therapy in Chinese Han hypertensive patients.
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Zhao RJ, Wang H. Chemerin/ChemR23 signaling axis is involved in the endothelial protection by K(ATP) channel opener iptakalim. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2011; 32:573-80. [PMID: 21516134 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2011.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the modulation of the chemerin/ChemR23 axis by iptakalim-induced opening of K(ATP) channels and to determine the role of the chemerin/ChemR23 axis in the iptakalim-mediated endothelial protection. METHODS Cultured rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) were used. Chemerin secretion and ChemR23 protein expression were investigated using Western blot analysis. The gene expression level of ChemR23 was examined with RT-PCR. In addition, the release of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with a nitric oxide assay. RESULTS Homocysteine, uric acid, high glucose, or oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) down-regulated the chemerin secretion and ChemR23 gene/protein expression in RAECs as a function of concentration and time, which was reversed by pretreatment with iptakalim (1-10 μmol/L). Moreover, these effects of iptakalim were abolished in the presence of the K(ATP) channel antagonist glibenclamide (1 μmol/L). Both iptakalim and recombinant chemerin restored the impaired NO production in RAECs induced by uric acid, and the effects were abolished by anti-ChemR23 antibodies. CONCLUSION Iptakalim via opening K(ATP) channels enhanced the endothelial chemerin/ChemR23 axis and NO production, thus improving endothelial function.
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Duan R, Cui W, Wang H. Mutational analysis of the Kir6.1 gene in Chinese hypertensive patients treated with the novel ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener iptakalim. Exp Ther Med 2011; 2:757-760. [PMID: 22977571 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2011.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Iptakalim is a novel K(ATP) opener with antihypertensive properties. The Kir6.1 gene is one of the candidate genes that may influence the response to iptakalim in hypertensive patients. We aimed to ascertain whether a mutation in the coding region of the Kir6.1 gene is present in Chinese Han hypertensive patients. The study population included 162 Chinese Han hypertensive patients (81 men and 81 women with a mean age of 55±9 years). Mutational analysis of the coding region of Kir6.1 was performed using PCR-SSCP and direct sequencing. No missense or nonsense mutations were found in these samples, while a single base pair substitution (C to T) at nucleotide position 111 in exon 2 of the coding region was noted in four patients (one female and three male), who were all heterozygous for the mutation. This C to T substitution did not result in an amino acid substitution (Ile37Ile, silent mutation). In the remaining 158 patients, no mutation was detected. The blood pressure of these four patients carrying the I37I polymorphism was well controlled by iptakalim. No mutation that alters the primary structure of Kir6.1 was detected in Chinese Han hypertensive patients. The results indicate that abnormality in the primary structure of Kir6.1 is not involved in the genetic pathogenesis of essential hypertension in Chinese Han hypertensive patients and has no effect on the BP response to iptakalim treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Duan
- Cardiovascular Drug Research Center, Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850
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Targeting Hypertension With a New Adenosine Triphosphate–sensitive Potassium Channel Opener Iptakalim. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2010; 56:215-28. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3181e23e2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oxidative stress with an activation of the renin-angiotensin system in human vascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. J Hypertens 2010. [PMID: 20486275 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328337da1d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative stress is known to be a major mechanism of endothelial dysfunction, which plays a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Although uric acid is one of the most important antioxidants, recent studies have suggested that uric acid may have a causal role in endothelial dysfunction. In order to understand the paradoxical association of uric acid with oxidative stress and vascular disease, we investigated whether uric acid induced oxidative stress in human vascular endothelial cells. We also examined whether uric acid-induced changes in redox status were related to aging and death of endothelial cells or an activation of local renin-angiotensin system, another mediator of endothelial dysfunction. METHODS Endothelial senescence and apoptosis were evaluated by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase staining and annexin V-propidium iodide staining in primary isolated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Production of reactive oxygen species was assessed by dichlorofluorescein diacetate staining. mRNA expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and the receptors of angiotensin II was evaluated by real-time PCR, and angiotensin II levels were measured in uric acid-stimulated HUVECs. RESULTS Uric acid-induced senescence and apoptosis in HUVECs at concentrations more than 6 and 9 mg/dl, respectively. Uric acid-induced alterations in cell proliferation, senescence and apoptosis were blocked by probenecid, enalaprilat or telmisartan. Uric acid significantly increased production of reactive oxygen species beginning at 5 min, and uric acid-induced senescence and apoptosis of HUVECs were ameliorated by N-acetylcysteine or tempol. Uric acid also upregulated the expression of angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptors and increased angiotensin II levels, which was ameliorated with tempol. CONCLUSION Uric acid-induced aging and death of human endothelial cells are medicated by local activation of oxidative stress and the renin-angiotensin system, which provides a novel mechanism of uric acid-induced endothelial dysfunction. Therapies targeting uric acid maybe beneficial in cardiovascular disease.
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Albertoni G, Maquigussa E, Pessoa E, Barreto JA, Borges F, Schor N. Soluble uric acid increases intracellular calcium through an angiotensin II-dependent mechanism in immortalized human mesangial cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:825-32. [DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is associated with increases in cardiovascular risk and renal disease. Mesangial cells regulate glomerular filtration rates through the release of hormones and vasoactive substances. This study evaluates the signaling pathway of uric acid (UA) in immortalized human mesangial cells (ihMCs). To evaluate cell proliferation, ihMCs were exposed to UA (6–10 mg/dL) for 24–144 h. In further experiments, ihMCs were treated with UA (6–10 mg/dL) for 12 and 24 h simultaneously with losartan (10−7 mmol/L). Angiotensin II (AII) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Pre-pro-ET mRNA was evaluated by the real-time PCR technique. It was observed that soluble UA (8 and 10 mg/dL) stimulated cellular proliferation. UA (10 mg/dL) for 12 h significantly increased AII protein synthesis and ET-1 expression and protein production was increased after 24 h. Furthermore, UA increased [Ca2+]i, and this effect was significantly blocked when ihMCs were preincubated with losartan. Our results suggested that UA triggers reactions including AII and ET-1 production in mesangial cells. In addition, UA can potentially affect glomerular function due to UA-induced proliferation and contraction of mesangial cells. The latter mechanism could be related to the long-term effects of UA on renal function and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Albertoni
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
- Associação Beneficente de Coleta de Sangue (Colsan), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | - Edson Pessoa
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | | | - Fernanda Borges
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
| | - Nestor Schor
- Department of Medicine, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP)
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Roncal CA, Reungjui S, Sánchez-Lozada LG, Mu W, Sautin YY, Nakagawa T, Johnson RJ. Combination of captopril and allopurinol retards fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Am J Nephrol 2009; 30:399-404. [PMID: 19696478 DOI: 10.1159/000235731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both ACE inhibitors and allopurinol have been shown to partially prevent metabolic syndrome induced by fructose. We tested the hypothesis that combined therapy might be more effective at blocking the metabolic syndrome induced with fructose. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fructose diet with or without allopurinol, captopril, or the combination for 20 weeks. A control group received a normal diet. All groups were pair-fed to assure equivalent caloric intake. RESULTS Despite reduced energy intake, the fructose-fed rats developed features of metabolic syndrome including elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and hyperinsulinemia. While both allopurinol and captopril alone tended to reduce features of the metabolic syndrome, the combined therapy was synergistic, with significant reduction in blood pressure, less accumulation of abdominal fat, an improvement in the dyslipidemia and a complete prevention of insulin resistance. CONCLUSION A high fructose diet can induce metabolic syndrome even in the setting of caloric restriction. Captopril and allopurinol synergistically reduce features of the metabolic syndrome, especially hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Combination allopurinol and ACE inhibitor therapy might provide a superior means to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Roncal
- Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo., USA
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