1
|
Inoue A, Piao L, Yue X, Huang Z, Hu L, Wu H, Meng X, Xu W, Yu C, Sasaki T, Itakura K, Umegaki H, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Young bone marrow transplantation prevents aging-related muscle atrophy in a senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 model. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:3078-3090. [PMID: 36058630 PMCID: PMC9745469 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young bone marrow transplantation (YBMT) has been shown to stimulate vascular regeneration in pathological conditions, including ageing. Here, we investigated the benefits and mechanisms of the preventive effects of YBMT on loss of muscle mass and function in a senescence-associated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) model, with a special focus on the role of growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11). METHODS Nine-week-old male SAMP10 mice were randomly assigned to a non-YBMT group (n = 6) and a YBMT group (n = 7) that received the bone marrow of 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice. RESULTS Compared to the non-YBMT mice, the YBMT mice showed the following significant increases (all P < 0.05 in 6-7 mice): endurance capacity (>61.3%); grip strength (>37.9%), percentage of slow myosin heavy chain fibres (>14.9-15.9%). The YBMT also increased the amounts of proteins or mRNAs for insulin receptor substrate 1, p-Akt, p-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase1/2, p-mammalian target of rapamycin, Bcl-2, peroxisom proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC-1α), plus cytochrome c oxidase IV and the numbers of proliferating cells (n = 5-7, P < 0.05) and CD34+/integrin-α7+ muscle stem cells (n = 5-6, P < 0.05). The YMBT significantly decreased the levels of gp91phox, caspase-9 proteins and apoptotic cells (n = 5-7, P < 0.05) in both muscles; these beneficial changes were diminished by the blocking of GDF-11 (n = 5-6, P < 0.05). An administration of mouse recombinant GDF-11 improved the YBMT-mediated muscle benefits (n = 5-6, P < 0.05). Cell therapy with young bone marrow from green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic mice exhibited GFP+ myofibres in aged muscle tissues. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that YBMT can prevent muscle wasting and dysfunction by mitigating apoptosis and proliferation via a modulation of GDF-11 signalling and mitochondrial dysfunction in SAMP10 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Inoue
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Xueling Yue
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Human Cord Applied Cell Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Hongxian Wu
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Wenhu Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Chenglin Yu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuokaken, Japan
| | - Kohji Itakura
- Division for Medical Research Engineering, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Umegaki
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Community Healthcare and Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Stress and Cardiovascular Disease, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Circulating Permeability Factors in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis: In V itro Detection. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 7:2691-2703. [PMID: 36506233 PMCID: PMC9727530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2022.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The recurrence of proteinuria after kidney transplantation in patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is considered proof of the presence of circulating permeability factors (CPFs). The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of plasma CPFs using series of in vitro assays. Methods Podocytes and endothelial cells (glomerular microvascular endothelial cells [GMVECs]) were incubated with plasma from FSGS patients with presumed CPFs in relapse and remission and from steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), membranous nephropathy (MN), and healthy controls (hCtrls). Cell viability, podocyte actin cytoskeleton architecture, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation with or without ROS scavenger were investigated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, immunofluorescence staining, and CM-H2DCFDA probing, respectively. Results Presumed CPF-containing plasma causes a series of events in podocytes but not in GMVECs. These events include actin cytoskeleton rearrangement and excessive formation of ROS, which results in podocyte loss. These effects were solely observed in response to CPF plasma collected during relapse, but not in response to plasma of hCtrls, or patients with SRNS, SSNS, and MN. The copresence of dimethylthiourea, a scavenger of ROS, abolished the aforementioned effects of CPF plasma. Conclusion We provide a panel of in vitro bioassays to measure podocyte injury and predict the presence of CPFs in plasma of patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS), providing a new framework for monitoring CPF activity that may contribute to future NS diagnostics or used for disease monitoring purposes. Moreover, our findings suggest that the inhibition of ROS formation or facilitating rapid ROS scavenging may exert beneficial effects in patients with CPFs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yue X, Piao L, Wang H, Huang Z, Meng X, Sasaki T, Inoue A, Nakamura K, Wan Y, Xu S, Shi GP, Kim W, Murohara T, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Cathepsin K Deficiency Prevented Kidney Damage and Dysfunction in Response to 5/6 Nephrectomy Injury in Mice With or Without Chronic Stress. Hypertension 2022; 79:1713-1723. [PMID: 35726642 PMCID: PMC9278705 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Chronic psychological stress is a risk factor for kidney disease, including kidney dysfunction and hypertension. Lysosomal CatK (cathepsin K) participates in various human pathobiologies. We investigated the role of CatK in kidney remodeling and hypertension in response to 5/6 nephrectomy injury in mice with or without chronic stress. Methods: Male 7-week-old WT (wild type; CatK+/+) and CatK-deficient (CatK−/−) mice that were or were not subjected to chronic stress underwent 5/6 nephrectomy. At 8 weeks post-stress/surgery, the stress was observed to have accelerated injury-induced glomerulosclerosis, proteinuria, and blood pressure elevation. Results: Compared with the nonstressed mice, the stressed mice showed increased levels of TLR (Toll-like receptor)-2/4, p22phox, gp91phox, CatK, MMP (matrix metalloproteinase)-2/9, collagen type I and III genes, PPAR-γ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma), NLRP-3 (NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3), p21, p16, and cleaved caspase-8 proteins, podocyte foot process effacement, macrophage accumulation, apoptosis, and decreased levels of Bcl-2 (B cell lymphoma 2) and Sirt1, as well as decreased glomerular desmin expression in the kidneys. These harmful changes were retarded by the genetic or pharmacological inhibition of CatK. Consistently, CatK inhibition ameliorated 5/6 nephrectomy–related kidney injury and dysfunction. In mesangial cells, CatK silencing or overexpression, respectively, reduced or increased the PPAR-γ and cleaved caspase-8 protein levels, providing evidence and a mechanistic explanation of CatK’s involvement in PPAR-γ/caspase-8–mediated cell apoptosis in response to superoxide and stressed serum. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that CatK plays an essential role in kidney remodeling and hypertension in response to 5/6 nephrectomy or stress, possibly via a reduction of glomerular inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis, suggesting a novel therapeutic strategy for controlling kidney injury in mice under chronic psychological stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueling Yue
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.).,Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.).,Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Xiangkun Meng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.).,Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan (T.S.)
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society (A.I., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Kae Nakamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (K.N.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Ying Wan
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Shengnan Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (G.-P.S.)
| | - Weon Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea (W.K.)
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology (T.M.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Health Care and Geriatrics (X.Y., Z.H., X.M., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society (A.I., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology and Hypertension, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, People's Republic of China (X.Y., L.P., H.W., Z.H., X.M., Y.W., S.X., X.W.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Yu X, Huang Q, Fang W, Li J, Bonventre JV, Sukhova GK, Libby P, Shi GP. Differential Roles of Cysteinyl Cathepsins in TGF-β Signaling and Tissue Fibrosis. iScience 2019; 19:607-622. [PMID: 31446224 PMCID: PMC6715892 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling contributes to tissue fibrosis. Here we demonstrate that TGF-β enhances CatS and CatK expression but reduces CatB and CatL expression in mouse kidney tubular epithelial cells (TECs). CatS- and CatK deficiency reduces TEC nuclear membrane importer importin-β expression, Smad-2/3 activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Yet CatB- and CatL-deficiency displays the opposite observations with reduced nuclear membrane exporter RanBP3 expression. CatS and CatK form immunocomplexes with the importin-β and RanBP3 more effectively than do CatB and CatL. On the plasma membrane, CatS and CatK preferentially form immunocomplexes with and activate TGF-β receptor-2, whereas CatB and CatL form immunocomplexes with and inactivate TGF-β receptor-1. Unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced renal injury tests differential cathepsin activities in TGF-β signaling and tissue fibrosis. CatB- or CatL-deficiency exacerbates fibrosis, whereas CatS- or CatK-deficiency protects kidneys from fibrosis. These cathepsins exert different effects in the TGF-β signaling cascade independent of their proteolytic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA; School of Food & Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Rheumatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenqian Fang
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joseph V Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Galina K Sukhova
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter Libby
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Guo-Ping Shi
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, NRB-7, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu G, Ito O, Rong R, Sakuyama A, Miura T, Ito D, Ogawa Y, Kohzuki M. Pitavastatin Upregulates Nitric Oxide Synthases in the Kidney of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats and Wistar-Kyoto Rats. Am J Hypertens 2018; 31:1139-1146. [PMID: 29955802 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpy098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical trials show potent renoprotective effects of pitavastatin (PTV), although the precise mechanism for these renoprotective effects is not fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of PTV, focusing on the nitric oxide (NO) system. METHODS Male, 6-week-old, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomized to receive vehicle or PTV (2 mg/kg bodyweight) for 8 weeks. Blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion were measured every 2 weeks. After 8 weeks, plasma biochemical parameters and renal histology were examined. NO synthase isoform (neuronal, nNOS; inducible, iNOS; and endothelial, eNOS) expression and eNOS phosphorylation were examined by western blotting. RESULTS PTV attenuated hypertension and albuminuria development in SHR. PTV decreased glomerular desmin expression and medullary interstitial fibrosis in SHR. PTV tended to increase plasma NO in both strains but significantly increased urinary NO excretion only in WKY. PTV significantly increased nNOS and eNOS expression, enhanced eNOS phosphorylation at serine1177, and inhibited eNOS phosphorylation at threonine495 in the kidney of both strains. CONCLUSIONS PTV treatment led to increased renal NOS expression and upregulated eNOS activity in both SHR and WKY. The antihypertensive and renoprotective effects of PTV may be related to upregulation of the NO system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaizun Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Osamu Ito
- Division of General Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Rong Rong
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakuyama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ogawa
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kohzuki
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Adjunctive therapy with statins reduces residual albuminuria/proteinuria and provides further renoprotection by downregulating the angiotensin II-AT1 pathway in hypertensive nephropathy. J Hypertens 2018; 35:1442-1456. [PMID: 28244896 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blockade of the renin-angiotensin II (Ang II) system by AT1 blockers (ARBs) and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors retards the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by reducing albuminuria/proteinuria. However, many patients with CKD suffer from residual albuminuria/proteinuria, which is an independent risk factor for CKD progression. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of pitavastatin, one of the adjunctive agents to ARBs, on the reduction of albuminuria/proteinuria and further renoprotection mediated by telmisartan in spontaneously hypertensive rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-two-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were grouped randomly and received 8 weeks of treatments with vehicle, telmisartan, pitavastatin or a combination of telmisartan and pitavastatin. Both albuminuria and proteinuria were inhibited significantly in the telmisartan-treated group, but an obviously residual albuminuria was maintained. The combination treatment with telmisartan and pitavastatin displayed a more effective decrease in albuminuria and proteinuria, even to the normal level. Enhanced nephroprotection was also observed in this combination group, which was independent of the cholesterol-lowering effects. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the combination therapy greatly attenuated the expression of intrarenal Ang II and AT1, thereby decreasing the activation of TGF-β-Smad and NF-κB and inhibiting fibrosis and inflammation. CONCLUSION Adjunctive therapy with pitavastatin dramatically reduced residual albuminuria/proteinuria and enhanced nephroprotection, likely by downregulating the expression of intrarenal Ang II and AT1. It could be concluded that statins might be a promising adjunctive therapeutic agent to conventional ARB treatment in hypertensive renal damage.
Collapse
|
7
|
Piao L, Zhao G, Zhu E, Inoue A, Shibata R, Lei Y, Hu L, Yu C, Yang G, Wu H, Xu W, Okumura K, Ouchi N, Murohara T, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Chronic Psychological Stress Accelerates Vascular Senescence and Impairs Ischemia-Induced Neovascularization: The Role of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4/Glucagon-Like Peptide-1-Adiponectin Axis. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e006421. [PMID: 28963101 PMCID: PMC5721852 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to psychosocial stress is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, including vascular aging and regeneration. Given that dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) regulates several intracellular signaling pathways associated with the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) metabolism, we investigated the role of DPP4/GLP-1 axis in vascular senescence and ischemia-induced neovascularization in mice under chronic stress, with a special focus on adiponectin -mediated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ/its co-activator 1α (PGC-1α) activation. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven-week-old mice subjected to restraint stress for 4 weeks underwent ischemic surgery and were kept under immobilization stress conditions. Mice that underwent ischemic surgery alone served as controls. We demonstrated that stress impaired the recovery of the ischemic/normal blood-flow ratio throughout the follow-up period and capillary formation. On postoperative day 4, stressed mice showed the following: increased levels of plasma and ischemic muscle DPP4 and decreased levels of GLP-1 and adiponectin in plasma and phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase α (p-AMPKα), vascular endothelial growth factor, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ, PGC-1α, and Sirt1 proteins and insulin receptor 1 and glucose transporter 4 genes in the ischemic tissues, vessels, and/or adipose tissues and numbers of circulating endothelial CD31+/c-Kit+ progenitor cells. Chronic stress accelerated aortic senescence and impaired aortic endothelial sprouting. DPP4 inhibition and GLP-1 receptor activation improved these changes; these benefits were abrogated by adiponectin blocking and genetic depletion. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the DPP4/GLP-1-adiponectin axis is a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of vascular aging and cardiovascular disease under chronic stress conditions.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Cellular Senescence
- Chronic Disease
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/deficiency
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/genetics
- Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/enzymology
- Endothelial Progenitor Cells/pathology
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Ischemia/enzymology
- Ischemia/genetics
- Ischemia/pathology
- Ischemia/physiopathology
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma Coactivator 1-alpha/metabolism
- Proteolysis
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Rats, Transgenic
- Receptors, Adiponectin/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Stress, Psychological/enzymology
- Stress, Psychological/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/pathology
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Time Factors
- Tissue Culture Techniques
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Piao
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guangxian Zhao
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Chenglin Yu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhu Xu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
| | - Kenji Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Inoue A, Cheng XW, Huang Z, Hu L, Kikuchi R, Jiang H, Piao L, Sasaki T, Itakura K, Wu H, Zhao G, Lei Y, Yang G, Zhu E, Li X, Sato K, Koike T, Kuzuya M. Exercise restores muscle stem cell mobilization, regenerative capacity and muscle metabolic alterations via adiponectin/AdipoR1 activation in SAMP10 mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2017; 8:370-385. [PMID: 27897419 PMCID: PMC5476856 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise train (ET) stimulates muscle response in pathological conditions, including aging. The molecular mechanisms by which exercise improves impaired adiponectin/adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1)-related muscle actions associated with aging are poorly understood. Here we observed that in a senescence-accelerated mouse prone 10 (SAMP10) model, long-term ET modulated muscle-regenerative actions. METHODS 25-week-old male SAMP10 mice were randomly assigned to the control and the ET (45 min/time, 3/week) groups for 4 months. Mice that were maintained in a sedentary condition served controls. RESULTS ET ameliorated aging-related muscle changes in microstructure, mitochondria, and performance. The amounts of proteins or mRNAs for p-AMPKα, p-Akt, p-ERK1/2, p-mTOR, Bcl-XL, p-FoxO3, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator, adiponectin receptor1 (adpoR1), and cytochrome c oxidase-IV, and the numbers of CD34+ /integrin-α7+ muscle stem cells (MuSCs) and proliferating cells in the muscles and bone-marrow were enhanced by ET, whereas the levels of p-GSK-3α and gp91phox proteins and apoptotic cells were reduced by ET. The ET also resulted in increased levels of plasma adiponectin and the numbers of bone-marrow (BM)-derived circulating CD34+ /integrin-α7+ MuSCs and their functions. Integrin-α7+ MuSCs of exercised mice had improved changes of those beneficial molecules. These ET-mediated aged muscle benefits were diminished by adiponectin and AdipoR1 blocking as well as AMPK inhibition. Finally, recombinant mouse adiponectin enhanced AMPK and mTOR phosphorylations in BM-derived integrin-α7+ cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ET can improve aging-related impairments of BM-derived MuSC regenerative capacity and muscle metabolic alterations via an AMPK-dependent mechanism that is mediated by an adiponectin/AdipoR1 axis in SAMP10 mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiko Inoue
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China.,Department of Cardiovascular of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University, 1 Hoegi-dong, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 130-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhe Huang
- Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Lina Hu
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kikuchi
- Department of Medical Technique, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Haiying Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Limei Piao
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Shizuokaken, Japan
| | - Kohji Itakura
- Division for Medical Research Engineering, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Hongxian Wu
- Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Guangxian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Yanna Lei
- Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Enbo Zhu
- Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology and ICU, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanjin, 133000, Jilin PR., China
| | - Kohji Sato
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Shizuokaken, Japan
| | - Teruhiko Koike
- Department of Sport Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan.,Institute of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Aichiken, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao Y, Liu X, Li Y, Lu Y, Zhong H, Jiang W, Chen AF, Billiar TR, Yuan H, Cai J. Cathepsin L activity correlates with proteinuria in chronic kidney disease in humans. Int Urol Nephrol 2017; 49:1409-1417. [PMID: 28534128 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-017-1626-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence and severity of proteinuria is considered an important prognostic marker in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with mortality and morbidity. Cathepsin L is highly expressed in the foot processes of podocytes in the kidney, which serves as an ultrafiltration barrier. Cathepsin L is also up-regulated in the setting of inflammation as a feature of CKD. Therefore, we postulated that proteinuria severity in CKD patients might correlate with increased serum levels of cathepsin L. METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective observational study, a total of 135 patients diagnosed with CKD, 31 renal transplant patients and 48 healthy controls were included. The demographic characteristics and clinical indicators were analyzed. Serum cathepsin L activity was significantly higher in patients with CKD than in renal transplant recipients and healthy controls (P < 0.01). Patients with severe proteinuria had a higher cathepsin L activity compared to those with moderate or mild proteinuria (P < 0.01). Serum cathepsin L activity positively associated with age, body mass index, nitrite level, neutrophil count, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) and 24-h proteinuria. In the ROC analysis, the sensitivity of cathepsin L activity in diagnosis of moderate and heavy is 0.86 and the specificity is 0.73. Moreover, CKD patients with higher cathepsin L activity had a significantly higher hospital admission rate. The data also showed patients with statin administration present significantly lower cathepsin L activity (P < 0.01), hs-CRP (P < 0.01), HMGB1 (P < 0.01) and proteinuria (P < 0.01) compared to non-statin treatment group. CONCLUSION This study revealed that serum cathepsin L activity is significantly elevated in CKD patients and its level correlates with the severity of proteinuria as well as prognosis, suggesting that serum cathepsin L may serve as a potential biomarker for CKD. Further prospective study is needed to explore its clinical implications in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Xing Liu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weihong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Alex F Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Timothy R Billiar
- The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Hong Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.,The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingjing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China. .,The Center of Clinical Pharmacology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bhatti AB, Usman M. Drug Targets for Oxidative Podocyte Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. Cureus 2015; 7:e393. [PMID: 26798569 PMCID: PMC4699926 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one the most prevalent chronic complications of diabetes mellitus that affects as much as one-third of diabetic patients irrespective of the type of diabetes. Hyperglycemia is the key trigger for DN that initiates a number of microscopic and ultramicroscopic changes in kidney architecture. Microscopic changes include thickening of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), tubular basement membrane (TBM), mesangial proliferation, arteriosclerosis, and glomerulotubular junction abnormalities (GTJA). Among the ultramicroscopic changes, effacement of podocytes and decrease in their density seem to be the centerpiece of DN pathogenesis. These changes in kidney architecture then produce functional deficits, such as microalbuminuria and decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Among several mechanisms involved in inflicting damage to podocytes, injuries sustained by increased oxidative stress turns out to be the most important mechanism. Different variables that are included in increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) include a hyperglycemia-induced reduction in glutathione (GSH), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation via hyperglycemia, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C (PKC), and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Unfortunately, control of podocyte injury hasn't received much attention as a treatment approach for DN. Therefore, this review article is mainly concerned with the exploration of various treatment options that might help in decreasing the podocyte injury, mainly by reducing the level of NADPH oxidase-mediated generation of ROS. This article concludes with a view that certain NADPH oxidase inhibitors, RAAS inhibitors, statins, antidiabetic drugs, and antioxidant vitamins might be useful in decreasing podocyte injury and resultant structural and functional kidney impairments in DN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Bashir Bhatti
- Department of Medicine, Capital Development Authority Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Department of Medicine, Jinnah Hospital Lahore (JHL)/Allama Iqbal Medical College (AIMC), Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pitavastatin Reduces Inflammation in Atherosclerotic Plaques in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice with Late Stage Renal Disease. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138047. [PMID: 26367531 PMCID: PMC4569429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Chronic renal disease (CRD) accelerates atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification. Statins reduce low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels in patients with CRD, however, the benefits of statins on cardiovascular disease in CRD remain unclear. This study has determined the effects of pitavastatin, the newest statin, on arterial inflammation and calcification in atherogenic mice with CRD. Methods and Results CRD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in cholesterol-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Mice were randomized into three groups: control mice, CRD mice, and CRD mice treated with pitavastatin. Ultrasonography showed that pitavastatin treatment significantly attenuated luminal stenosis in brachiocephalic arteries of CRD mice. Near-infrared molecular imaging and correlative Mac3 immunostaining demonstrated a significant reduction in macrophage accumulation in pitavastatin-treated CRD mice. Pitavastatin treatment reduced levels of osteopontin in plasma and atherosclerotic lesions in CRD mice, but did not produce a significant reduction in calcification in atherosclerotic plaques as assesses by histology. CRD mice had significantly higher levels of phosphate in plasma than did control mice, which did not change by pitavastatin. In vitro, pitavastatin suppressed the expression of osteopontin in peritoneal macrophages stimulated with phosphate or calcium/phosphate in concentrations similar to those found in human patients with CRD. Conclusion Our study provides in vivo evidence that pitavastatin reduces inflammation within atherosclerotic lesions in CRD mice.
Collapse
|
12
|
D'Amico A, Ragusa R, Caruso R, Prescimone T, Nonini S, Cabiati M, Del Ry S, Trivella MG, Giannessi D, Caselli C. Uncovering the cathepsin system in heart failure patients submitted to Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) implantation. J Transl Med 2014; 12:350. [PMID: 25496327 PMCID: PMC4274696 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0350-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In end-stage heart failure (HF), the implantation of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is able to induce reverse remodeling. Cellular proteases, such as cathepsins, are involved in the progression of HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cathepsin system in HF patients supported by LVAD, in order to determine their involvement in cardiac remodeling. Methods The expression of cysteine (CatB, CatK, CatL, CatS) and serine cathepsin (CatG), and relative inhibitors (Cystatin B, C and SerpinA3, respectively) was determined in cardiac biopsies of 22 patients submitted to LVAD (pre-LVAD) and compared with: 1) control stable chronic HF patients on medical therapy at the moment of heart transplantation without prior LVAD (HT, n = 7); 2) patients supported by LVAD at the moment of transplantation (post-LVAD, n = 6). Results The expression of cathepsins and their inhibitors was significantly higher in pre-LVAD compared to the HT group and LVAD induced a further increase in the cathepsin system. Significant positive correlations were observed between cardiac expression of cathepsins and their inhibitors as well as inflammatory cytokines. In the pre-LVAD group, a relationship of cathepsins with dilatative etiology and length of hospitalization was found. Conclusions A parallel activation of cathepsins and their inhibitors was observed after LVAD support. The possible clinical importance of these modifications is confirmed by their relation with patients’ outcome. A better discovery of these pathways could add more insights into the cardiac remodeling during HF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D'Amico
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Institute of Life Sciences, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Rosetta Ragusa
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Raffaele Caruso
- Cardiovascular Department, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Niguarda Cà Granda Hospital, 20162, Milan, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Prescimone
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Sandra Nonini
- Cardiovascular Department, Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital, 20162, Milan, Italy.
| | - Manuela Cabiati
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Del Ry
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Trivella
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Daniela Giannessi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Caselli
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Area della Ricerca - Via Moruzzi, 1, 56100, Pisa, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu H, Cheng XW, Hao C, Zhang Z, Yao H, Murohara T, Dai Q. Regulation of apelin and its receptor expression in adipose tissues of obesity rats with hypertension and cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Exp Anim 2014; 63:257-67. [PMID: 24770651 PMCID: PMC4160987 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.63.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The apelin/APJ system has been implicated in obesity-related hypertension. We
investigated the mechanism responsible for the pathogenesis of obesity-related
hypertension with a special focus on the crosstalk between AngII/its type 1 receptor
(AT1R) signaling and apelin/APJ expression. Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat
(obesity-related hypertension, OH) or normal-fat diet (NF) for 15 weeks were randomly
assigned to one of two groups and administered vehicle or perindopril for 4 weeks.
Compared to the NF rats, the OH rats showed lower levels of plasma apelin and apelin/APJ
mRNAs of perirenal adipose tissues, and these changes were restored by perindopril.
Administration of the AT1R antagonist olmesartan resulted in the restoration of the
reduction of apelin and APJ expressions induced by AngII for 48 h in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
Among several inhibitors for extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) PD98059,
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) SB203580 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
(PI3K) LY294002, the latter showed an additive effect on AngII-mediated inhibitory
effects. In addition, the levels of p-Akt, p-ERK and p38MAPK proteins were decreased by
long-term treatment with AngII (120 min), and these changes were restored by Olmesartan.
Apelin/APJ appears to be impaired in obesity-related hypertension. The AngII
inhibition-mediated beneficial effects are likely attributable, at least in part, to
restoration of p38/ERK-dependent apelin/APJ expression in diet-induced obesity-related
hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxian Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Adam O, Laufs U. Rac1-mediated effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) in cardiovascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1238-50. [PMID: 23919665 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) lower serum cholesterol concentrations and are beneficial in the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The positive clinical effects have only partially been reproduced with other lipid-lowering interventions suggesting potential statin effects in addition to cholesterol lowering. In experimental models, direct beneficial cardiovascular effects that are mediated by the inhibition of isoprenoids have been documented, which serve as lipid attachments for intracellular signaling molecules such as small Rho guanosine triphosphate-binding proteins, whose membrane localization and function are dependent on isoprenylation. RECENT ADVANCES Rac1 GTPase is an established master regulator of cell motility through the cortical actin reorganization and of reactive oxygen species generation through the regulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. CRITICAL ISSUES Observations in cells, animals, and humans have implicated the activation of Rac1 GTPase as a key component of cardiovascular pathologies, including the endothelial dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis, atrial fibrillation, stroke, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease. However, the underlying signal transduction remains incompletely understood. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Based on the recent advance made in Rac1 research in the cardiovascular system by using mouse models with transgenic overexpression of activated Rac1 or conditional knockout, as well as Rac1-specific small molecule inhibitor NSC 23766, the improved understanding of the Rac1-mediated effects statins may help to identify novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Adam
- Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes , Homburg, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Role of NADPH oxidase-mediated reactive oxygen species in podocyte injury. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:839761. [PMID: 24319690 PMCID: PMC3844218 DOI: 10.1155/2013/839761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteinuria is an independent risk factor for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) (Shankland, 2006). Recent studies highlighted the mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for potential treatment strategies in proteinuric kidney diseases (Zhang et al., 2012). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals which are closely associated with the development and progression of glomerular sclerosis. NADPH oxidase is a district enzymatic source of cellular ROS production and prominently expressed in podocytes (Zhang et al., 2010). In the last decade, it has become evident that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS overproduction is a key trigger of podocyte injury, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation (Whaley-Connell et al., 2006), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (Zhang et al., 2011), and inflammatory priming (Abais et al., 2013). This review focuses on the mechanism of NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS in podocyte injury under different pathophysiological conditions. In addition, we also reviewed the therapeutic perspectives of NADPH oxidase in kidney diseases related to podocyte injury.
Collapse
|
16
|
Hua Y, Xu X, Shi GP, Chicco AJ, Ren J, Nair S. Cathepsin K knockout alleviates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Hypertension 2013; 61:1184-92. [PMID: 23529168 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from human and animal studies has documented elevated levels of lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin K in failing hearts. Here, we hypothesized that ablation of cathepsin K mitigates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cathepsin K knockout mice and their wild-type littermates were subjected to abdominal aortic constriction, resulting in cardiac remodeling (heart weight, cardiomyocyte size, left ventricular wall thickness, and end diastolic and end systolic dimensions) and decreased fractional shortening, the effects of which were significantly attenuated or ablated by cathepsin K knockout. Pressure overload dampened cardiomyocyte contractile function along with decreased resting Ca2+ levels and delayed Ca2+ clearance, which were partly resolved by cathepsin K knockout. Cardiac mammalian target of rapamycin and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling cascades were upregulated by pressure overload, the effects of which were attenuated by cathepsin K knockout. In cultured H9c2 myoblast cells, silencing of cathepsin K blunted, whereas cathepsin K transfection mimicked phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic response, along with elevated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin and ERK. In addition, cathepsin K protein levels were markedly elevated in human hearts of end-stage dilated cardiomyopathy. Collectively, our data suggest that cathepsin K ablation mitigates pressure overload-induced hypertrophy, possibly via inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin and ERK pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hua
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, 1000 E University Ave, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cheng XW, Kikuchi R, Ishii H, Yoshikawa D, Hu L, Takahashi R, Shibata R, Ikeda N, Kuzuya M, Okumura K, Murohara T. Circulating cathepsin K as a potential novel biomarker of coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:211-6. [PMID: 23369704 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cathepsin K (CatK) is one of the most potent mammalian collagenases involved in atherosclerosis-based vascular disease. We investigated whether circulating CatK is associated with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Two-hundred fifty-two consecutive subjects were enrolled from among patients who underwent coronary angiography and intravascular ultrasound analyses. One-hundred thirty-two age-matched subjects served as controls. Plasma CatK, intact procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (I-PINP), and linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (ICTP) were measured. RESULTS Patients with CAD had higher CatK levels (44.0 ± 31.2 versus 15.5 ± 8.3 ng/mL, P < 0.001) and ICTP/I-PINP ratios (0.2 ± 0.1 versus 0.04 ± 0.03, P < 0.001) than the controls. Patients with acute coronary syndrome had higher CatK levels than those with stable angina pectoris. Overall, linear regression analysis showed that the CatK levels correlated positively with ICTP/I-PINP ratios (r = 0.41, P < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that CatK levels were independent predictors of CAD (odds ratio, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.23; P < 0.01). Furthermore, CatK levels were also correlated positively with percent plaque volumes and inversely with percent fibrous volumes by intravascular ultrasound. CONCLUSIONS These data indicated that high levels of CatK are closely linked with the presence of CAD and that CatK serves as a novel biomarker for CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li X, Liu Z, Cheng Z, Cheng X. Cysteinyl cathepsins: multifunctional enzymes in cardiovascular disease. Chonnam Med J 2012; 48:77-85. [PMID: 22977747 PMCID: PMC3434795 DOI: 10.4068/cmj.2012.48.2.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, the role of lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsins in intracellular protein degradation was believed to be mainly restricted to scavenging. However, recent studies have revealed nontraditional roles for cysteine protease cathepsins in the extracellular space during the development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Although the precise mechanisms are unknown, data from animal studies suggest that members of the cathepsin family, like other extracellular proteases, contribute to extracellular matrix protein remodeling and interstitial matrix degradation, as well as to cell signaling and cell apoptosis in heart disease. Inflammatory cytokines and hormones regulate the expression and secretion of cathepsins in cultured cardiovascular cells and macrophages. Serum levels of cathepsins L, S, and K and their endogenous inhibitor cystatin C may be useful predictive biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease and cardiac disease. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacological intervention with a synthetic cathepsin inhibitor and cardiovascular drugs (including statins and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists) has the potential for pharmacologic targeting of cathepsins in cardiovascular disease. This review focuses on cathepsin biology (structure, synthesis, processing, activation, secretion, activity regulation, and function) and the involvement of cysteinyl cathepsins in the pathogenesis of several heart and vessel diseases, especially with respect to their potential application as diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets to prevent inappropriate proteolysis in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Prov, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng XW, Shi GP, Kuzuya M, Sasaki T, Okumura K, Murohara T. Role for cysteine protease cathepsins in heart disease: focus on biology and mechanisms with clinical implication. Circulation 2012; 125:1551-62. [PMID: 22451605 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.111.066712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Nagoya, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Cardiac and renal diseases (CRDs) are characterized by extensive remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) architecture of the cardiorenal system. Among the many extracellular proteolytic enzymes present in cardiorenal cells and involved in ECM remodeling, members of the matrix metalloproteinase family and serine protease family have received the most attention. However, recent findings from laboratory and clinical studies have indicated that cysteine protease cathepsins also participate in pathogenesis of the heart and kidney. Deficiency and pharmacological inhibition of cathepsins have allowed their in vivo evaluation in the setting of pathological conditions. Furthermore, recent studies evaluating the feasibility of cathepsins as a diagnostic tool have suggested that the serum levels of cathepsins L, S and K and their endogenous inhibitor cystatin C have predictive value as biomarkers in patients with coronary artery disease and heart and renal failure. The goal of this review is to highlight recent discoveries regarding the contributions of cathepsins in CRDs, particularly hypertensive heart failure and proteinuric kidney disease.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhou L, An XF, Teng SC, Liu JS, Shang WB, Zhang AH, Yuan YG, Yu JY. Pretreatment with the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot and hyperoside prevents glomerular podocyte apoptosis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy. J Med Food 2012; 15:461-8. [PMID: 22439874 PMCID: PMC3338104 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is an important diabetic complication, and podocyte apoptosis plays a critical role in the development of DN. In the present study, we examined the preventive effect of the total flavone glycosides of Flos Abelmoschus manihot (TFA) on urinary microalbumin and glomerular podocyte apoptosis in experimental DN rats. The preliminary oral administration of TFA (200 mg/kg/day) for 24 weeks significantly decreased the urinary microalbumin to creatinine ratio and 24-h urinary total protein in streptozotocin-induced DN rats. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay indicated glomerular cell apoptosis in DN rats was significantly improved by pretreatment with TFA. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorting and Hoechst 33342 staining suggested preincubation with hyperoside (50 and 200 μg/mL), the major active constituent of TFA, could significantly mitigate cultured podocyte apoptosis induced by the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Western blot analysis showed that increased caspase-3 and caspase-8 expressions induced by AGEs were also inhibited by pretreatment with hyperoside at both doses. Our results demonstrate that TFA pretreatment can decrease urinary albumin excretion in early-stage DN, which might be accomplished by preventing renal damage and podocyte apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Fei An
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Chao Teng
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing-Shun Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Bin Shang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Hua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang-Gang Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing Children's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Yi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cheng XW, Huang Z, Kuzuya M, Okumura K, Murohara T. Cysteine Protease Cathepsins in Atherosclerosis-Based Vascular Disease and Its Complications. Hypertension 2011; 58:978-86. [PMID: 21986502 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.180935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wu Cheng
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Zhe Huang
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kenji Okumura
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- From the Departments of Cardiology (X.W.C., K.O., T.M.) and Geriatrics (Z.H., M.K.), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cardiology (X.W.C.), Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China; Department of Internal Medicine (X.W.C.), Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|