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Sotozawa M, Kinguchi S, Wakui H, Azushima K, Funakoshi K, Nakajima W, Miyazaki T, Takahashi T, Tamura K. Enhancement of angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein in the paraventricular nucleus suppresses angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:67-77. [PMID: 37884662 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system in the brain plays a pivotal role in modulating sympathetic nerve activity and contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) promotes internalization of AT1R while suppressing pathological overactivation of AT1R signaling. However, the pathophysiological function of ATRAP in the brain remains unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether ATRAP in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) is involved in neurogenic hypertension pathogenesis in Ang II-infused rats. The ATRAP/AT1R ratio, which serves as an indicator of tissue AT1R hyperactivity, tended to decrease within the PVN in the Ang II group than in the vehicle group. This suggests an Ang II-induced hyperactivation of the AT1R signaling pathway in the PVN. Lentiviral vectors were generated to stimulate ATRAP expression. At 6 weeks of age, rats were microinjected with LV-Venus (Venus-expressing lentivirus) or LV-ATRAP (Venus-ATRAP-expressing lentivirus). The rats were then randomly divided into four groups: (1) Vehicle/LV-Venus, (2) Vehicle/LV-ATRAP, (3) Ang II/LV-Venus, and (4) Ang II/LV-ATRAP. Two weeks after microinjection, vehicle or Ang II was administered systemically for 2 weeks. In the Ang II/LV-ATRAP group, systolic blood pressure at 1 and 2 weeks following administration was significantly lower than that in the Ang II/LV-Venus group. Furthermore, urinary adrenaline levels tended to decrease in the Ang II/LV-ATRAP group than in the Ang II/LV-Venus group. These findings suggest that enhanced ATRAP expression in the PVN suppresses Ang II-induced hypertension, potentially by suppressing hyperactivation of the tissue AT1R signaling pathway and, subsequently, sympathetic nerve activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Sotozawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kengo Funakoshi
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Waki Nakajima
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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Lay A TRAP for myeloid cell response in diabetic kidney disease. Kidney Int 2022; 101:872-874. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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ATRAP, a receptor-interacting modulator of kidney physiology, as a novel player in blood pressure and beyond. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:32-39. [PMID: 34642449 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-021-00776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pathological activation of kidney angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) signaling stimulates tubular sodium transporters, including epithelial sodium channels, to increase sodium reabsorption and blood pressure. During a search for a means to functionally and selectively modulate AT1R signaling, a molecule directly interacting with the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain of AT1R was identified and named AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap). We showed that ATRAP promotes constitutive AT1R internalization to inhibit pathological AT1R activation in response to certain stimuli. In the kidney, ATRAP is abundantly distributed in epithelial cells along the proximal and distal tubules. Results from genetically engineered mice with modified ATRAP expression show that ATRAP plays a key role in the regulation of renal sodium handling and the modulation of blood pressure in response to pathological stimuli and further suggest that the function of kidney tubule ATRAP may be different between distal tubules and proximal tubules, implying that ATRAP is a target of interest in hypertension.
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Feng X, Guo Q, Xue H, Duan X, Jin S, Wu Y. Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuated Angiotensin II-Induced Sympathetic Excitation in Offspring of Renovascular Hypertensive Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:565726. [PMID: 33041805 PMCID: PMC7518068 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.565726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Numerous findings have demonstrated a strong association between parental health during pregnancy and cardiovascular disease in adult offspring. This study investigated whether sensitivity to angiotensin II (Ang II) is enhanced in offspring of renovascular hypertensive animals and whether hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can attenuate the increased response to Ang II in offspring. Method The systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured by non-invasive tail-cuff plethysmograpy every two weeks in all offspring from 8 to 16 weeks. After intracerebroventricular microinjection of Ang II in the offspring, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded to test the response to Ang II in the offspring. Western blot analysis was used to examine the protein expression of AT1R, AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), Nox2, p67phox, and nitrotyrosine in the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS). Results The SBP in the offspring of hypertensive rats were significantly higher than that in control group, and the above effects were significantly improved by prenatal or postnatal administration of H2S. Intralateroventricular microinjection of Ang II induced greater sympathetic responses in offspring of hypertensive rats than control group. The expression of AT1R and oxidative stress-related protein was increased, whereas that of ATRAP was decreased in the NTS in offspring of hypertensive rats. Exogenous administration of H2S prenatally or postnatally improved the above effects. Conclusion Prenatal or postnatal administration of H2S attenuated AngII-induced sympathetic excitation in offspring of hypertensive rats, which may occur by modulating the balance between AT1R and ATRAP and downregulating oxidative stress-related protein expression in the NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Experimental Center for Teaching, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hongmei Xue
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaocui Duan
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Science, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Sheng Jin
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuming Wu
- Department of Physiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardio-Cerebrovascular Disease, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Vascular Medicine of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, China
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Kumarasamy S, Waghulde H, Cheng X, Haller ST, Mell B, Abhijith B, Ashraf UM, Atari E, Joe B. Targeted disruption of regulated endocrine-specific protein ( Resp18) in Dahl SS/Mcw rats aggravates salt-induced hypertension and renal injury. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:369-375. [PMID: 29570433 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00008.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a classic example of a complex polygenic trait, impacted by quantitative trait loci (QTL) containing candidate genes thought to be responsible for blood pressure (BP) control in mammals. One such mapped locus is on rat chromosome 9, wherein the proof for a positional candidate gene, regulated endocrine-specific protein-18 ( Resp18) is currently inadequate. To ascertain the status of Resp18 as a BP QTL, a custom targeted gene disruption model of Resp18 was developed on the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) background. As a result of this zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated disruption, a 7 bp deletion occurred within exon 3 of the Resp18 locus. Targeted disruption of Resp18 gene locus in SS rats decreases its gene expression in both heart and kidney tissues regardless of their dietary salt level. Under a high-salt dietary regimen, both systolic and diastolic BP of Resp18mutant rats were significantly increased compared with SS rats. Resp18mutant rats demonstrated increased renal damage, as evidenced by higher proteinuria and increased renal fibrosis compared with SS rats. Furthermore, under a high-salt diet regimen, the mean survival time of Resp18mutant rats was significantly reduced compared with SS rats. These findings serve as evidence in support of Resp18 as a gene associated with the development of hypertension and renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivarajan Kumarasamy
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Harshal Waghulde
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Steven T Haller
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Basrur Abhijith
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio.,Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University , Columbus, Ohio
| | - Usman M Ashraf
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ealla Atari
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
| | - Bina Joe
- Center for Hypertension and Personalized Medicine, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences , Toledo, Ohio
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Haruhara K, Wakui H, Azushima K, Kurotaki D, Kawase W, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Kinguchi S, Ohsawa M, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Matsuda M, Yamashita A, Nakajima H, Tamura T, Tsuboi N, Yokoo T, Tamura K. Angiotensin receptor-binding molecule in leukocytes in association with the systemic and leukocyte inflammatory profile. Atherosclerosis 2018; 269:236-244. [PMID: 29407599 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The components of the renin-angiotensin system in leukocytes is involved in the pathophysiology of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including hypertension, atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP) is an AT1R-specific binding protein, and is able to inhibit the pathological activation of AT1R signaling in certain animal models of NCDs. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and regulation of ATRAP in leukocytes. METHODS Human leukocyte ATRAP mRNA was measured with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction system, and analyzed in relation to the clinical variables. We also examined the leukocyte cytokines mRNA in bone-marrow ATRAP-deficient and wild-type chimeric mice after injection of low-dose lipopolysaccharide. RESULTS The ATRAP mRNA was abundantly expressed in leukocytes, predominantly granulocytes and monocytes, of healthy subjects. In 86 outpatients with NCDs, leukocyte ATRAP mRNA levels correlated positively with granulocyte and monocyte counts and serum C-reactive protein levels. These positive relationships remained significant even after adjustment. Furthermore, the leukocyte ATRAP mRNA was significantly associated with the interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 mRNA levels in leukocytes of NCDs patients. In addition, the leukocyte interleukin-1β mRNA level was significantly upregulated in bone marrow ATRAP-deficient chimeric mice in comparison to wild-type chimeric mice after injection of lipopolysaccharide. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that leukocyte ATRAP is an emerging marker capable of reflecting the systemic and leukocyte inflammatory profile, and plays a role as an anti-inflammatory factor in the pathophysiology of NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Daisuke Kurotaki
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Wataru Kawase
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Nakajima
- Department of Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Tamura
- Department of Immunology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nobuo Tsuboi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yokoo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
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7
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Wakui H, Sumida K, Fujita M, Ohtomo Y, Ohsawa M, Kobayashi R, Uneda K, Azushima K, Haruhara K, Yatsu K, Hirawa N, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Umemura S, Tamura K. Enhancement of intrarenal plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 1 expression in chronic angiotensin II-infused mice. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/11/e13316. [PMID: 28611155 PMCID: PMC5471448 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma membrane calcium pump isoform 1 (PMCA1) is encoded by ATPase plasma membrane Ca2+transporting 1 (ATP2B1), the most likely candidate gene responsible for hypertension. Although PMCA1 is highly expressed in the kidney, little is known about regulation of its renal expression in various pathological conditions in vivo. Our study was designed to elucidate regulation of renal PMCA1 expression in mice. We employed three mouse models for kidney disease. These were the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), the remnant kidney using 5/6 nephrectomy, and chronic angiotensin II administration models. Mice were assessed for systolic blood pressure and renal injury in accordance with the damage induced in the specific model. Kidney PMCA1 mRNA levels were measured in all mice. The UUO model showed renal fibrosis but no changes in blood pressure or renal PMCA1 mRNA expression. Similarly, the 5/6 nephrectomy model exhibited declined renal function without changes in blood pressure or renal PMCA1 mRNA expression. In contrast, chronic angiotensin II administration increased albuminuria and blood pressure as well as significantly increasing renal PMCA1 mRNA and protein expression. These results suggest that renal PMCA1 has a role as one of the molecules involved in angiotensin II-induced hypertension and kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichiro Sumida
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Megumi Fujita
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Ohtomo
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yatsu
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Hirawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Ohki K, Wakui H, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Kobayashi R, Haruhara K, Kinguchi S, Matsuda M, Ohsawa M, Maeda A, Minegishi S, Ishigami T, Toya Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S, Tamura K. ATRAP Expression in Brown Adipose Tissue Does Not Influence the Development of Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030676. [PMID: 28335584 PMCID: PMC5372686 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of tissue renin-angiotensin system (RAS), mainly mediated by an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R), plays an important role in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. We have shown that AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), a specific binding protein of AT1R, functions as an endogenous inhibitor to prevent excessive activation of tissue RAS. In the present study, we newly generated ATRAP/Agtrap-floxed (ATRAPfl/fl) mice and adipose tissue-specific ATRAP downregulated (ATRAPadipoq) mice by the Cre/loxP system using Adipoq-Cre. Using these mice, we examined the functional role of adipose ATRAP in the pathogenesis of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Compared with ATRAPfl/fl mice, ATRAPadipoq mice exhibited a decreased ATRAP expression in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) by approximately 30% and 85%, respectively. When mice were fed a high-fat diet, ATRAPfl/fl mice showed decreased endogenous ATRAP expression in WAT that was equivalent to ATRAPadipoq mice, and there was no difference in the exacerbation of dietary obesity and glucose and lipid metabolism. These results indicate that ATRAP in BAT does not influence the pathogenesis of dietary obesity or metabolic disorders. Future studies that modulate ATRAP in WAT are necessary to assess its in vivo functions in the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sona Haku
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Sho Kinguchi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akinobu Maeda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Minegishi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Tomoaki Ishigami
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Yoshiyuki Toya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
- Yokohama Rosai Hospital, 3211 Kozukue-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0036, Japan.
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan.
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9
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Vokurková M, Rauchová H, Řezáčová L, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. ROS production is increased in the kidney but not in the brain of Dahl rats with salt hypertension elicited in adulthood. Physiol Res 2016; 64:303-12. [PMID: 26066975 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhanced production of superoxide radicals by nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in the brain and/or kidney of salt hypertensive Dahl rats has been proposed to participate in the pathogenesis of this form of experimental hypertension. Most information was obtained in young Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats subjected to high salt intake prior to sexual maturation. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate whether salt hypertension induced in adult DS rats is also accompanied with a more pronounced oxidative stress in the brain or kidney as compared to Dahl salt-resistant (DR) controls. NADPH oxidase activity as well as the content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (oxidative index), which indicate a degree of lipid peroxidation, were evaluated in two brain regions (containing either hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus or rostral ventrolateral medulla) as well as in renal medulla and cortex. High salt intake induced hypertension in DS rats but did not modify blood pressure in DR rats. DS and DR rats did not differ in NADPH oxidase-dependent production of ROS, TBARS content or oxidative index in either part of the brain. In addition, high-salt diet did not change significantly any of these brain parameters. In contrast, the enhanced NADPH oxidase-mediated ROS production (without significant signs of increased lipid peroxidation) was detected in the renal medulla of salt hypertensive DS rats. Our findings suggest that there are no signs of enhanced oxidative stress in the brain of adult Dahl rats with salt hypertension induced in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vokurková
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Wakui H, Uneda K, Tamura K, Ohsawa M, Azushima K, Kobayashi R, Ohki K, Dejima T, Kanaoka T, Tsurumi-Ikeya Y, Matsuda M, Haruhara K, Nishiyama A, Yabana M, Fujikawa T, Yamashita A, Umemura S. Renal tubule angiotensin II type 1 receptor-associated protein promotes natriuresis and inhibits salt-sensitive blood pressure elevation. J Am Heart Assoc 2015; 4:e001594. [PMID: 25792129 PMCID: PMC4392439 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.001594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP; Agtrap gene) promotes AT1R internalization along with suppression of pathological AT1R activation. In this study, we examined whether enhancement of ATRAP in the renal distal tubules affects sodium handling and blood pressure regulation in response to high salt (HS) loading, using ATRAP transgenic mice on a salt-sensitive C57BL/6J background. METHODS AND RESULTS Renal ATRAP transgenic (rATRAP-Tg) mice, which exhibit renal tubule-dominant ATRAP enhancement, and their wild-type littermate C57BL/6J mice on a normal salt diet (0.3% NaCl) at baseline were subjected to dietary HS loading (4% NaCl) for 7 days. In rATRAP-Tg mice, the dietary HS loading-mediated blood pressure elevation was suppressed compared with wild-type mice, despite similar baseline blood pressure. Although renal angiotensin II level was comparable in rATRAP-Tg and wild-type mice with and without HS loading, urinary sodium excretion in response to HS loading was significantly enhanced in the rATRAP-Tg mice. In addition, functional transport activity of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na(+) channel was significantly decreased under saline volume-expanded conditions in rATRAP-Tg mice compared with wild-type mice, without any evident change in epithelial Na(+) channel protein expression. Plasma membrane AT1R expression in the kidney of rATRAP-Tg mice was decreased compared with wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that distal tubule-dominant enhancement of ATRAP inhibits pathological renal sodium reabsorption and blood pressure elevation in response to HS loading. The findings suggest that ATRAP-mediated modulation of sodium handling in renal distal tubules could be a target of interest in salt-sensitive blood pressure regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Wakui
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Kengo Azushima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Kohji Ohki
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Toru Dejima
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Yuko Tsurumi-Ikeya
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Kotaro Haruhara
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Akira Nishiyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan (A.N.)
| | - Machiko Yabana
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Tetsuya Fujikawa
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
| | - Akio Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (A.Y.)
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan (H.W., K.U., K.T., M.O., K.A., R.K., K.O., T.D., T.K., Y.T.I., M.M., K.H., M.Y., T.F., S.U.)
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Effects of the Angiotensin receptor blocker olmesartan on adipocyte hypertrophy and function in mice with metabolic disorders. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:946492. [PMID: 24991574 PMCID: PMC4060760 DOI: 10.1155/2014/946492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the therapeutic effects of olmesartan, an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R)-specific blocker, in genetically obese diabetic KKAy mice, a model of human metabolic disorders with visceral obesity, with a focus on an olmesartan effect on the adipose tissue. Olmesartan treatment (3 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks significantly lowered systolic blood pressure but did not affect body weight during the study period in KKAy mice. However, there were three interesting findings possibly related to the pleiotropic effects of olmesartan on adipose tissue in KKAy mice: (1) an inhibitory effect on adipocyte hypertrophy, (2) a suppressive effect on IL-6 gene expression, and (3) an ameliorating effect on oxidative stress. On the other hand, olmesartan exerted no evident influence on the adipose tissue expression of AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), which is a molecule interacting with AT1R so as to inhibit pathological AT1R activation and is suggested to be an emerging molecular target in metabolic disorders with visceral obesity. Collectively, these results suggest that the blood pressure lowering effect of olmesartan in KKAy mice is associated with an improvement in adipocyte, including suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy and inhibition of the adipose IL-6-oxidative stress axis. Further study is needed to clarify the functional role of adipose ATRAP in the pleiotropic effects of olmesartan.
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Maeda A, Tamura K, Wakui H, Ohsawa M, Azushima K, Uneda K, Kobayashi R, Tsurumi-Ikeya Y, Kanaoka T, Dejima T, Ohki K, Haku S, Yamashita A, Umemura S. Effects of Ang II receptor blocker irbesartan on adipose tissue function in mice with metabolic disorders. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11:646-51. [PMID: 24834011 PMCID: PMC4021097 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.8577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that the functional renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exists in the adipose tissue. The adipose tissue RAS is proposed in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. In the present study, we examined therapeutic effects of irbesartan, an angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 receptor (AT1R)-specific blocker, in genetically obese diabetic KKAy mice, a model of human metabolic disorders without any dietary loading, with our focus on the analysis on possible effect of irbesartan on the adipose tissue. The treatment with irbesartan significantly lowered systolic blood pressure with a concomitant decrease in body weight in KKAy mice. In addition, irbesartan significantly decreased the adipose leptin mRNA expression and tended to decrease IL-6 mRNA expression in the adipose tissue of KKAy mice. Furthermore irbesartan preserved the adipose gene expression of AT1R-associated protein (ATRAP), an endogenous inhibitory molecule of tissue AT1R signaling, with a concomitant tendency of up-regulation of adipose tissue ATRAP/AT1R ratio. Collectively, these results suggest that the irbesartan-induced beneficial suppressive effect on the leptin-IL-6 axis in the adipose tissue in KKAy mice is partly mediated by a trend of up-regulation of the adipose ATRAP/AT1R ratio as one of pleiotropic effects of irbesartan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Maeda
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kouichi Tamura
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Wakui
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masato Ohsawa
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kengo Azushima
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kazushi Uneda
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryu Kobayashi
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yuko Tsurumi-Ikeya
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Kanaoka
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Toru Dejima
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koji Ohki
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sona Haku
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akio Yamashita
- 2. Department of Molecular Biology, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Satoshi Umemura
- 1. Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate Scholl of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Zicha J, Dobešová Z, Vokurková M, Rauchová H, Hojná S, Kadlecová M, Behuliak M, Vaněčková I, Kuneš J. Age-dependent salt hypertension in Dahl rats: fifty years of research. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S35-S87. [PMID: 22827876 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fifty years ago, Lewis K. Dahl has presented a new model of salt hypertension - salt-sensitive and salt-resistant Dahl rats. Twenty years later, John P. Rapp has published the first and so far the only comprehensive review on this rat model covering numerous aspects of pathophysiology and genetics of salt hypertension. When we summarized 25 years of our own research on Dahl/Rapp rats, we have realized the need to outline principal abnormalities of this model, to show their interactions at different levels of the organism and to highlight the ontogenetic aspects of salt hypertension development. Our attention was focused on some cellular aspects (cell membrane function, ion transport, cell calcium handling), intra- and extrarenal factors affecting renal function and/or renal injury, local and systemic effects of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, endothelial and smooth muscle changes responsible for abnormal vascular contraction or relaxation, altered balance between various vasoconstrictor and vasodilator systems in blood pressure maintenance as well as on the central nervous and peripheral mechanisms involved in the regulation of circulatory homeostasis. We also searched for the age-dependent impact of environmental and pharmacological interventions, which modify the development of high blood pressure and/or organ damage, if they influence the salt-sensitive organism in particular critical periods of development (developmental windows). Thus, severe self-sustaining salt hypertension in young Dahl rats is characterized by pronounced dysbalance between augmented sympathetic hyperactivity and relative nitric oxide deficiency, attenuated baroreflex as well as by a major increase of residual blood pressure indicating profound remodeling of resistance vessels. Salt hypertension development in young but not in adult Dahl rats can be attenuated by preventive increase of potassium or calcium intake. On the contrary, moderate salt hypertension in adult Dahl rats is attenuated by superoxide scavenging or endothelin-A receptor blockade which do not affect salt hypertension development in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zicha
- Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Matsuda M, Tamura K, Wakui H, Maeda A, Ohsawa M, Kanaoka T, Azushima K, Uneda K, Haku S, Tsurumi-Ikeya Y, Toya Y, Maeshima Y, Yamashita A, Umemura S. Upstream stimulatory factors 1 and 2 mediate the transcription of angiotensin II binding and inhibitory protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19238-49. [PMID: 23653383 PMCID: PMC3696694 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.451054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-associated protein (ATRAP/Agtrap) promotes constitutive internalization of the AT1R so as to specifically inhibit the pathological activation of its downstream signaling yet preserve the base-line physiological signaling activity of the AT1R. Thus, tissue-specific regulation of Agtrap expression is relevant to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal disease. However, the regulatory mechanism of Agtrap gene expression has not yet been fully elucidated. In this study, we show that the proximal promoter region from −150 to +72 of the mouse Agtrap promoter, which contains the X-box, E-box, and GC-box consensus motifs, is able to elicit substantial transcription of the Agtrap gene. Among these binding motifs, we showed that the E-box specifically binds upstream stimulatory factor (Usf) 1 and Usf2, which are known E-box-binding transcription factors. It is indicated that the E-box-Usf1/Usf2 binding regulates Agtrap expression because of the following: 1) mutation of the E-box to prevent Usf1/Usf2 binding reduces Agtrap promoter activity; 2) knockdown of Usf1 or Usf2 affects both endogenous Agtrap mRNA and Agtrap protein expression, and 3) the decrease in Agtrap mRNA expression in the afflicted kidney by unilateral ureteral obstruction is accompanied by changes in Usf1 and Usf2 mRNA. Furthermore, the results of siRNA transfection in mouse distal convoluted tubule cells and those of unilateral ureteral obstruction in the afflicted mouse kidney suggest that Usf1 decreases but Usf2 increases the Agtrap gene expression by binding to the E-box. The results also demonstrate a functional E-box-USF1/USF2 interaction in the human AGTRAP promoter, thereby suggesting that a strategy of modulating the E-box-USF1/USF2 binding has novel therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Matsuda
- Department of Medical Science and Cardiorenal Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, USA
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Abstract
AIM To evaluate the antifibrotic effect of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, in bile duct-ligated rats. METHODS Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to 3 groups: sham-operated rats, model rats underwent common bile duct ligation (BDL), and BDL rats treated with telmisartan (8 mg/kg, po, for 4 weeks). The animals were sacrificed on d 29, and liver histology was examined, the Knodell and Ishak scores were assigned, and the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 was evaluated with immunohistochemical staining. The mRNAs and proteins associated with liver fibrosis were evaluated using RTQ-PCR and Western blot, respectively. RESULTS The mean fibrosis score of BDL rats treated with telmisartan was significantly lower than that of the model rats (1.66±0.87 vs 2.13±0.35, P=0.015). However, there was no significant difference in inflammation between the two groups, both of which showed moderate inflammation. Histologically, treatment with telmisartan significantly ameliorated BDL-caused the hepatic fibrosis. Treatment with telmisartan significantly upregulated the mRNA levels of ACE2 and MAS, and decreased the mRNA levels of ACE, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1-R), collagen type III, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). Moreover, treatment with telmisartan significantly increased the expression levels of ACE2 and MAS proteins, and inhibited the expression levels of ACE and AT1-R protein. CONCLUSION Telmisartan attenuates liver fibrosis in bile duct-ligated rats via increasing ACE2 expression level.
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An increase in perfusion pressure and activation of the renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of hypertension and injury: strain vessels and the cerebrovascular-renal connection. Hypertens Res 2012; 35:972-4. [PMID: 22914554 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2012.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2012; 21:557-66. [PMID: 22874470 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0b013e3283574c3b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Castrop H. Angiotensin receptor-associated proteins: local modulators of the renin–angiotensin system. Pflugers Arch 2012; 465:111-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-012-1113-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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