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Saei Ghare Naz M, Mousavi M, Noroozzadeh M, Farahmand M, Azizi F, Ramezani Tehrani F. To what extent the weight changes impact the risk of hypertension among menopausal women: insights from Tehran lipid and glucose study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:128. [PMID: 38373927 PMCID: PMC10877883 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-02974-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIM The association between weight change and incident hypertension (HTN) in menopausal women has not been well characterized. This study aimed to determine whether weight changes after menopausal years make a difference in incidents of hypertension. MATERIALS & METHODS This population-based study was performed using data collected from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study cohort (1999-2018). Women who had natural and early menopause were followed up every 3 years. Data gathering was performed through the standard protocol of the study. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariable Cox hazard regression analysis. We used the 'survival' package in the R software version 3.6.0 to fit survival models. RESULTS A total of 487 menopausal women met the inclusion criteria; 62.6% had natural menopause and remained had early menopause. Among the participants, 65.5% experienced HTN. The highest proportion of participants had > 5% weight gain, while the lowest had 3-5% weight gain. Either losing body weight (lost > 5%: HR: 0.44; CI 95%, 0.32, 0.62; p < 0.001), (lost 3-5%; HR: 0.47; CI 95%, 0.26, 0.84; p = 0.01), and weight gain > 5% (HR: 0.69; CI 95%, 0.51, 0.91; p = 0.01), were associated with decreased risk of HTN after adjustment for confounders. In this study, weight loss and gain have a protective impact on the development of HTN in subjects. For incident HTN, age (HR: 1.04 (1.01, 1.08), p = 0.004), fasting blood glucose (HR: 1.01, CI 95%:1.00, 1.01; p < 0.001), body mass index (1.02 (1.00, 1.05), p = 0.03) and smoking (1.70 (1.11, 2.58), p = 0.01) were positively associated with HTN. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates the significant association of weight change with hypertension risk in later life among menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Saei Ghare Naz
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mousavi
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Noroozzadeh
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Farahmand
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- The Foundation for Research & Education Excellence, AL, USA.
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Shi J, Wei D, Wang L, Xu Q, Wang J, Ma C, Geng J, Zhao M, Huo W, Linlin L, Wang C, Fan C, Mao Z. Serum Progesterone is Negatively Associated with Hypertension and Blood Pressure Indicators Among Men and Postmenopausal Women. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:273-283. [PMID: 36848943 DOI: 10.1055/a-2024-0708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Sex hormones have been shown to be negatively associated with hypertension, but the relationship between serum progesterone levels and hypertension has not been adequately studied. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between progesterone and hypertension among Chinese rural adults. A total of 6222 participants were recruited, which included 2577 men and 3645 women. The concentration of serum progesterone was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer system (LC-MS/MS). Logistic regression and linear regression were used to assess the associations between progesterone levels and hypertension and blood pressure related indicators, respectively. Constrained splines were used to fit the dose-response relationships of progesterone with hypertension and blood pressure related indicators. Moreover, the interactive effects of several lifestyle factors and progesterone were identified by a generalized linear model. After fully adjusting the variables, progesterone levels were inversely associated with hypertension in men [odds ratio (OR): 0.851, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.752, 0.964]. Among men, a 2.738 ng/ml increase in progesterone was associated with a 0.557 mmHg decrease in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (95% CI: -1.007, -0.107) and a 0.541 mmHg decrease in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (95% CI: -1.049, -0.034), respectively. Similar results were observed in postmenopausal women. Interactive effect analysis showed that only a significant interaction was observed between progesterone and educational attainment on hypertension in premenopausal women (p=0.024). Elevated levels of serum progesterone were associated with hypertension in men. Except for premenopausal women, a negative association of progesterone with blood pressure related indicators was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dandan Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jintian Geng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengzhen Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Linlin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chongjian Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caini Fan
- Department of Hypertension, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Mao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Vázquez-Lorente H, Herrera-Quintana L, Molina-López J, López-González B, Planells E. Sociodemographic, Anthropometric, Body Composition, Nutritional, and Biochemical Factors Influenced by Age in a Postmenopausal Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13010078. [PMID: 36677003 PMCID: PMC9864446 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal aging has become relevant for understanding health during the transition life stages-the aging process being involved in several disturbances of the human condition. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between postmenopausal aging and sociodemographic, anthropometric, body composition, nutritional, and biochemical (i.e., protein and lipid profiles, phosphorous-calcium metabolism, and antioxidant status) factors in postmenopausal women. This cross-sectional study enrolled 78 healthy postmenopausal women (44-76 years). The anthropometrical data showed no differences by age. Biochemical parameters, especially those involved in the protein and phosphorous-calcium metabolism, were influenced by age in our cohort of postmenopausal women. In contrast, no associations were found when considering lipid and antioxidant parameters. Height, fiber intake, blood glucose, protein profile and phosphorous-calcium metabolism markers seem to be the most affected nutritional-related factors by age in our cohort of healthy postmenopausal women. Primary prevention strategies focused on parameters at risk of disruption with postmenopausal aging are necessary to ensure the quality of life in older ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Vázquez-Lorente
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Lourdes Herrera-Quintana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.H.-Q.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Jorge Molina-López
- Faculty of Education, Psychology and Sports Sciences, University of Huelva, 21007 Huelva, Spain
- Correspondence: (L.H.-Q.); (J.M.-L.)
| | - Beatriz López-González
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Elena Planells
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Effects of moderate exercise on biochemical, morphological, and physiological parameters of the pancreas of female mice with estrogen deprivation and dyslipidemia. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 51:118-127. [PMID: 29335884 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal women are at high risk of developing heart disease. However, physical exercise practice can reverse this scenario. We evaluated the biochemical, morphological, and physiological effects of moderate aerobic physical exercise on the pancreas of knockout mice for LDL receptor with estrogen deprivation by ovariectomy. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 5): sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-R knockout; sedentary ovariectomized LDL-R knockout; and trained ovariectomized LDL-R knockout. Physical exercise practice promoted improvement in biometric and biochemical parameters analyzed, with reduction of visceral adipose tissue and VLDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels. In addition, physical exercise practice altered the morphology of pancreatic islets and improved their response to the effects of menopause. Thus, physical exercise practice was fundamental to minimize the effects of dyslipidemia associated with ovariectomy in the pancreatic tissue of LDL-R knockout animals, contributing to reduce the risk of developing cardiac diseases in the menopause period.
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Çelik F, Belviranli M, Okudan N. Circulating levels of leptin, nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin in postmenopausal obese women. Arch Physiol Biochem 2016; 122:195-199. [PMID: 27011110 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2016.1171365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The roles of leptin, nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin in the regulation of food intake and/or reproduction are well known; however, the interactions between these hormones remain unclear, especially in humans. The aim of this study was to determine the roles of leptin, nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin in pre- and postmenopausal obese and non-obese women. The study included 83 women who were divided into four groups based on menopausal status and body mass index. The leptin level was significantly higher in the obese women than in the non-obese women (p < 0.05), but did not differ significantly between pre- and postmenopausal women (p > 0.05). The nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin-1 levels did not differ significantly between any of the study groups (p > 0.05). The present findings show that nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin levels are not affected by obesity or menopausal status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Çelik
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranli
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- a Department of Physiology , Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University , Konya , Turkey
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Cui Y, Ruan X, Jin J, Jin F, Brucker S, Mueck AO. The pattern of lipids and lipoproteins during the menopausal transition in Chinese women. Climacteric 2016; 19:292-8. [DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2015.1130694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yan F, Liu J, Zhao X, Hu X, Wang S, Ma Z, Liang K, Song J, Wang C, Hou X, Chen S, Chen L. Association of the Number of Years Since Menopause with Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Chinese Urban Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:843-8. [PMID: 26418517 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.5183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yan
- Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jidong Liu
- Department of Poisoning and Occupational Diseases, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | | | - Xiuping Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, China
| | | | - Zeqiang Ma
- China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Corporation Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Liang
- Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinguo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shihong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology of Qilu Hospital and Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Zhu SP, He YW, Chen H, Sun ZF, Ding N, Mo J, Cao BY, Luo L, Zhang QQ, Wang Y, Zhang LF, Ren XX, Guo MW, Zhao YF, Ma LX, Li XH. Effects of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on fat accumulation, blood lipid, and uterus e 2 of menopause rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2014; 2014:621975. [PMID: 24639882 PMCID: PMC3930127 DOI: 10.1155/2014/621975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To observe the effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on blood lipid of menopause rats. Methods. Seventy 10-month-old SD rats with estrous cycle disorders were divided into three control groups and four treatment groups (n = 10/group) and another ten 3.5-month-old female SD rats were chosen as young control group. Preventive acupuncture and moxibustion were applied at Guanyuan (CV 4). Body weight growth rate has been recorded. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels and uterus E 2 level were measured. Results. Compared to young control group, plasma TC and LDL increased and uterus E 2 reduced significantly in 12-month-old control group. Compared to 12-month-old control group, plasma TC and LDL level and body weight growth rate decreased while HDL level increased remarkably in preventive acupuncture 12-month-old group. Compared to 14-month-old control group, plasma TC level and body weight growth rate decreased remarkably in preventive moxibustion 14-month-old group. Conclusions. Preventive acupuncture and moxibustion can significantly decrease the plasma TG and LDL, increase the plasma HDL, and prevent fat accumulation. Our finding suggests that preventive acupuncture and moxibustion have beneficial effects on blood lipid. Different treatment effects were found between preventive acupuncture and preventive moxibustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Peng Zhu
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu-wei He
- Huguosi Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Huan Chen
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Sun
- Medical College of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Na Ding
- Yangzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Yangzhou 225000, China
| | - Jie Mo
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bing-Yan Cao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Qing Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lu-Fen Zhang
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Xuan Ren
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meng-Wei Guo
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ya-Fang Zhao
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liang-Xiao Ma
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Li
- School of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
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Zhu SP, Luo L, Sun ZF, Ding N, Zhang QQ, He YW, Zhang LF, Li XH. Effect of preventive acupuncture and moxibustion on hypothalamus and ovarian leptin and blood lipid levels in menopausal rats. JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE AND TUINA SCIENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-013-0690-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Age-adjusted incidence of cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, is significantly lower in premenopausal women than in men, which is thought to be caused by the cardioprotective effects of estrogen. However, there is a consistent increase in the incidence of coronary artery disease in postmenopausal women in comparison with premenopausal women. The protective benefit of hormone therapy has not been observed in postmenopausal women. It is unknown whether measures of platelet reactivity and clot strength contribute to the disproportionate incidence of cardiovascular disease between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. METHODS Fifty healthy volunteers, including 25 premenopausal women and 25 postmenopausal women, aged between 40 and 65 years were enrolled. Total estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels were measured for confirmation of menopausal state and comparison testing. Platelet reactivity was assessed using light transmission aggregometry and P-selectin, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor expression was assessed using flow cytometry. Thrombelastography was used to measure clot strength, clotting time, and fibrinogen activity. Serum cholesterol, C-reactive protein, complete blood count, and comprehensive metabolic panel were also measured. RESULTS Platelet reactivity did not differ among menopausal states or hormone levels. Clotting time was increased in postmenopausal women (6.6 ± 2.0 vs. 7.8 ± 1.2 min, P = 0.013) and significantly correlated with estradiol levels (r = 0.68, P < 0.001). A significantly higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was observed in postmenopausal women (P = 0.05). Mean C-reactive protein levels were numerically higher in the postmenopausal group. CONCLUSIONS The thrombotic risk profile between premenopausal and postmenopausal women is similar. However, improved management of cholesterol may be of clinical benefit. Large-scale studies are required to validate these findings.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate serum lipid and hormone levels in women with premature ovarian failure (POF) and compare them with those of healthy women of similar age. METHODS We measured fasting total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone, and testosterone levels in 47 women with POF not using any hormone therapy and 60 healthy women of the same age range not using oral contraceptives or any other hormonal medication. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of age, body mass index (BMI) and smoking status (P = 0.054, 0.250, and 0.656, respectively). The mean E2 levels of the POF and control groups were 27.9 ± 2.3 and 87.8 ± 75.2 pg/mL, respectively (P < 0.001). Women with POF presented with significantly higher TC and LDL levels (P = 0.006 and 0.040, respectively). However, no difference was found between the groups with regard to triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein levels (P = 0.128 and 0.062, respectively). We determined that there was a significant negative correlation between E2 and TC levels (r = -0.291, P = 0.047) in the POF group. However, no correlation could be identified between E2 and lipids in the control group. Likewise, no correlation was present between FSH and lipids in both groups. We divided the control group according to basal FSH level. Group A consisted of the women with a serum FSH level lower than 7 IU/L, and group B consisted of the women with a serum FSH level of 7 IU/L or higher. There was no difference between the groups in age, body mass index, E2 concentration, and smoking status. The FSH level of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (P < 0.001). We found no difference between groups A and B with regard to lipid levels. CONCLUSIONS Higher TC and LDL levels in women with POF compared with the control group suggest that estrogen deprivation in women with POF leads to unfavorable lipid changes.
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Mota dos Santos C, Sá Silva C, César de Araújo E, Kruze Grande de Arruda I, da Silva Diniz A, Coelho Cabral P. Lipid and glucose profiles in outpatients and their correlation with anthropometric indices. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2012.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Mota dos Santos C, Sá Silva C, César de Araújo E, Kruze Grande de Arruda I, da Silva Diniz A, Coelho Cabral P. [Lipid and glucose profiles in outpatients and their correlation with anthropometric indices]. Rev Port Cardiol 2012; 32:35-41. [PMID: 23266377 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Obesity is associated with high rates of dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation of anthropometric indices with the lipid and glucose profiles of outpatients. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional study assessing anthropometric and metabolic parameters in a sample of 550 individuals. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight exceeded 80%, with no difference between the sexes. However, 80.9% of women vs. 52.1% of men had waist circumference in the very high risk range (P=000). Glucose and lipid abnormalities were found in over 40% of the sample. In men, no correlation was found between anthropometric indices and metabolic profile. In women, HDL cholesterol was negatively correlated with body mass index waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. Triglycerides were positively correlated with body mass index, waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio and fasting plasma glucose with waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio. After adjustment for age and nutritional status, the correlations only remained significant between HDL cholesterol and anthropometric indices. CONCLUSIONS Among women, the anthropometric indices waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio and body mass index proved good predictors of HDL cholesterol, showing the importance of using these parameters in clinical practice and for screening of cardiovascular risk.
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Wiacek M, Zubrzycki IZ, Bojke O, Kim HJ. Menopause and age-driven changes in blood level of fat- and water-soluble vitamins. Climacteric 2012; 16:689-99. [PMID: 23215463 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.742504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to assess the association of the menopausal transition with changes in vitamins. METHODS The study group comprised women aged 17-85 years from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), which was conducted between 1988 and 1994, and from the NHANES surveys conducted between 1999 and 2006. Menopausal status was defined using the time since the last period, < 2, 2-12, and > 12 months, for the pre-, peri-, and postmenopause, respectively. The data-cleaning technique employing serum follicle stimulating hormone activity resulted in pre-, peri- and postmenopausal samples encompassing the following age brackets: 17-50, 42-51, and 46-85 years. Statistical inferences were analyzed using non-parametric techniques. RESULTS Significant increases in vitamin A and vitamin E concentrations across all phases of the menopausal transition were observed. There was a gradual decrease in the vitamin C concentration across all stages of the menopause but a fairly stable concentration of vitamin B12. There was a statistically significant increase in vitamin D between the pre- and postmenopause. Body mass index correlated negatively with serum vitamin concentration in the pre- and postmenopause. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin A should be supplemented in postmenopausal women to decrease the risk of bone fracture. The daily diet should be supplemented with vitamin B12, to avoid possible neurological symptoms due to vitamin B12 deficiency, and with vitamin D to decrease the risk of developing secondary hyperparathyroidism. Due to an adverse influence on serum vitamin concentration, body mass index should be monitored in pre- and postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wiacek
- Jędrzej Śniadecki Academy of Physical Education and Sport , Gdańsk , Poland
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The influence of gender and sexual hormones on incidence and outcome of chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:1213-9. [PMID: 21766172 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-1963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has long been known that the female sex is associated with a better clinical outcome in chronic renal diseases. Although many experimental, clinical, and epidemiological studies in adults have attempted to explain the difference in disease progression between females and males, a definitive understanding of the underlying mechanisms is still lacking. Hormone-modulating therapies are being increasingly used for various indications (such as post-menopausal hormone replacement, estrogen- or androgen-receptor antagonists for cancer therapy). Therefore, a deeper knowledge of the interaction between sexual hormones and progression of kidney disease is important, as hormone-modulating therapy for non-renal indication may influence both kidney structure and function. In addition, specific modulation of the sexual hormone system, such as the use of selective estrogen receptor modulators, may represent a therapeutic option for patients with renal diseases. Although conclusive data on this topic in the pediatric population are still lacking, the aim of this review is to familiarize pediatric nephrologists with gender-specific differences in renal physiology, pathophysiology, and the progression of kidney diseases. Experimental models that analyze the effects of sexual hormones on renal structure and function are discussed. It is hoped that this review will stimulate researchers to focus on pediatric studies that will provide a deeper insight into the interaction of gender hormones and the kidney both before and during puberty.
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Kuba VM, Teixeira MAM, Meirelles RMR, Assumpção CRL, Costa OS. Dydrogesterone does not reverse the cardiovascular benefits of percutaneous estradiol. Climacteric 2012; 16:54-61. [PMID: 22640483 DOI: 10.3109/13697137.2012.672843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the influence of dydrogesterone on estimated cardiovascular risk of users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (with percutaneous 17β-estradiol in monotherapy and in combination with dydrogesterone) and HRT non-users through the Framingham score tool for a period of 2 years. METHODS Framingham scores were calculated from the medical records of patients treated for at least 2 years with 17β-estradiol alone or in combination with dydrogesterone, along with HRT non-users, through the analysis of patient medical records, followed for at least 2 years at Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione. RESULTS Improvements in lipid profile, glucose and blood pressure levels, which reduced the estimated cardiovascular risk, were observed in the 17β-estradiol group. Similar changes were observed in the users of 17β-estradiol + dydrogesterone, suggesting that this progestogen does not attenuate the effects caused by 17β-estradiol. CONCLUSIONS Both HRT groups showed a reduction in their Framingham score. In contrast to data from other HRT investigations on cardiovascular risk, these formulations proved to be safe, even in the first year of use.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Kuba
- Instituto Estadual de Diabetes e Endocrinologia Luiz Capriglione - IEDE, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Drost JT, Arpaci G, Ottervanger JP, de Boer MJ, van Eyck J, van der Schouw YT, Maas AHEM. Cardiovascular risk factors in women 10 years post early preeclampsia: the Preeclampsia Risk EValuation in FEMales study (PREVFEM). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2011; 19:1138-44. [PMID: 21859777 DOI: 10.1177/1741826711421079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Preeclampsia is a complication of pregnancy and a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in a women's life. The best approach for prevention of CVD in affected young women is yet unclear. We sought to investigate the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in women at 10 years post preeclampsia in comparison with a reference group. METHODS Women with a history of early preeclampsia (exposed), DBP ≥ 90 mmHg with proteinuria ≥ 0.3 gram/24 h before 32 weeks of gestation, and an equal number of women after uncomplicated pregnancy (non-exposed) from the obstetric database of 1991-2007, were sent a questionnaire and invited for a cardiovascular screening programme. RESULTS The current study included 339 exposed women and 332 non-exposed women, 10 years post index-pregnancy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (SBP/DBP) were 127/86 mmHg versus 119/79 mmHg in the exposed and reference group respectively (p < 0.001). Exposure to early preeclampsia was associated with a threefold increased prevalence of hypertension (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.59, 95%CI 2.48-5.20). BMI and waist circumference were 26.9 kg/m(2) and 86.5 cm in the exposed group and 26.2 kg/m(2) (p = 0.07) and 83 cm (p = 0.001) in the non-exposed group. We found no differences in levels of glucose, lipids and CRP. Adjusted OR for the metabolic syndrome in women post preeclampsia was 2.18 (95% CI 1.34-3.52) compared with women in the reference group. CONCLUSION We found a high prevalence of hypertension in young women at 10 years post early preeclampsia. More research on the timing of cardiovascular screening in these high-risk women is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- José T Drost
- Isala Klinieken, Department of Cardiology, Zwolle, The Netherlands.
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Cho EJ, Min YJ, Oh MS, Kwon JE, Kim JE, Lee WS, Lee KJ, Kim SW, Kim TH, Kim MA, Kim CJ, Ryu WS. Effects of the transition from premenopause to postmenopause on lipids and lipoproteins: quantification and related parameters. Korean J Intern Med 2011; 26:47-53. [PMID: 21437162 PMCID: PMC3056255 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2011.26.1.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2010] [Revised: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to quantitatively measure changes in lipids and lipoproteins during perimenopause and to identify variables related to these changes. METHODS Among women who had three regular health evaluations over a span of 2-4 years, 34 women remained in the premenopausal state, 34 premenopausal women transitioned to the postmenopausal state, and 36 postmenopausal women were enrolled. The menopausal state was determined not only by a history of amenorrhea but also by levels of female sex hormones. Yearly changes in lipids were calculated using a linear regression of the three measurements. RESULTS The transition from premenopause to postmenopause was associated with increased total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels by 7.4 ± 8.0 mg/dL (4.2 ± 4.9%) and 6.9 ± 6.5 mg/dL (6.8 ± 7.0%) over one year, resulting in an elevation of 19.6 ± 22.6 mg/dL (10.9 ± 13.0%) and 18.9 ± 19.5 mg/dL (18.6 ± 20.3%), respectively, during perimenopause. There were no changes observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Body weight, blood pressure, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides did not change in any of the three groups. In all women, changes in both total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were associated with changes in follicle stimulating hormone (r = 0.40, p < 0.001 and r = 0.38, p < 0.001, respectively). Changes in triglycerides were associated with changes in body weight (r = 0.28, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS During perimenopause, total and LDL cholesterol levels increase and these changes in cholesterol are mainly dependent on changes in female sex hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jeung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Joo Min
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seok Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Eun Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeung Eun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang-Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Je Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-A Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chee Jeong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wang Seong Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Lubiszewska B, Kruk M, Broda G, Ksiezycka E, Piotrowski W, Kurjata P, Zielinski T, Ploski R. The impact of early menopause on risk of coronary artery disease (PREmature Coronary Artery Disease In Women--PRECADIW case-control study). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2011; 19:95-101. [PMID: 21450613 DOI: 10.1177/1741826710394269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite improved understanding of atherothrombosis pathophysiology, risk factors associated with premature coronary artery disease (CAD) in women are poorly recognized. DESIGN AND METHODS A single-centre, case-control study comprised 323 women (less than 55 years) with established CAD, enrolled between April 2005 and January 2008, and 347 age-matched healthy women selected from the Multi-Center All-Polish Health Survey. We aimed to assess the relationship of menopause and premature CAD. RESULTS In multivariate analysis smoking, parental history of premature CVD, diabetes, menopause and hypertension were the strongest risk markers for premature CAD with ORs (95% CI): 3.83 (2.52-5.82); 3.08 (1.85-5.14); 2.89 (1.59-5.23); 2.82 (1.91-4.19); 2.39 (1.16-3.54). The most significant association was found for early postmenopause in a model including the early and late stage of postmenopause (≤ and >3 years of its onset), with OR 4.55 (95% CI 2.82-7.35), higher than other risk factors. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves area revealed a significant increase from 0.81 in that model that included traditional risk factors and parental premature CVD to 0.85 after addition of the early and late stage of postmenopause. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that smoking and early postmenopausal stage (≤3 years) are the most important determinants of premature CAD followed by parental CVD, diabetes and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Lubiszewska
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland.
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Diamond-Stanic MK, Romero-Aleshire MJ, Hoyer PB, Greer K, Hoying JB, Brooks HL. Midkine, a heparin-binding protein, is increased in the diabetic mouse kidney postmenopause. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 300:F139-46. [PMID: 21048029 PMCID: PMC3023219 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00249.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen is thought to protect against the development of chronic kidney disease, and menopause increases the development and severity of diabetic kidney disease. In this study, we used streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes in the 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-treated mouse model of menopause. DNA microarrays were used to identify gene expression changes in the diabetic kidney postmenopause. An ANOVA model, CARMA, was used to isolate the menopause effect between two groups of diabetic mice, diabetic menopausal (STZ/VCD) and diabetic cycling (STZ). In this diabetic study, 8,864 genes of the possible 15,600 genes on the array were included in the ANOVA; 99 genes were identified as demonstrating a >1.5-fold up- or downregulation between the STZ/VCD and STZ groups. We randomly selected genes for confirmation by real-time PCR; midkine (Mdk), immediate early response gene 3 (IEX-1), mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig6), and ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) were significantly increased in the kidneys of STZ/VCD compared with STZ mice. Western blot analysis confirmed that Mdk and IEX-1 protein abundance was significantly increased in the kidney cortex of STZ/VCD compared with STZ mice. In a separate study, DNA microarrays and CARMA analysis were used to identify the effect of menopause on the nondiabetic kidney; VCD-treated mice were compared with cycling mice. Of the possible 15,600 genes on the array, 9,142 genes were included in the ANOVA; 20 genes were identified as demonstrating a >1.5-fold up- or downregulation; histidine decarboxylase and vanin 1 were among the genes identified as differentially expressed in the postmenopausal nondiabetic kidney. These data expand our understanding of how hormone status correlates with the development of diabetic kidney disease and identify several target genes for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie K Diamond-Stanic
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, 1656 E. Mabel St., Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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22
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Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P, Gilbert JJ, Pérez-Roncero G. Cardiovascular risk in menopausal women and prevalent related co-morbid conditions: facing the post-Women's Health Initiative era. Fertil Steril 2009; 92:1171-1186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2009] [Revised: 02/06/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Changes in level of V˙O2max, blood lipids, and waist circumference in the response to moderate endurance training as a function of ovarian aging. Menopause 2009; 16:1009-13. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31819c0924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lee YC, Chien KL, Lee BC, Lin HJ, Hsu HC, Chen MF. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol trajectory pattern, associated lifestyle and biochemical factors among Taiwanese. Circ J 2009; 73:1887-92. [PMID: 19661721 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-09-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) trajectory patterns among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan, or the effects of lifestyle and biochemical measurements on these trajectory patterns. METHODS AND RESULTS This longitudinal study was based on 330 adult participants who underwent biochemical measurements annually from 2003 to 2006. As time progressed, HDL-C increased significantly; women had a consistently higher value (10 mg/dl) than men. An increase of 1 kg/m(2) in body mass index was associated with -1.00 +/-0.25 mg/dl HDL-C for women (P=0.0001) and -0.78 +/-0.11 mg/dl for men (P<0.0001). Current smoking was inversely associated with HDL-C in men only. Systolic blood pressure and exercise frequency were positively associated with HDL-C in men only. Compared with non-smokers, participants who smoked had a lower HDL-C level of -8.42 +/-4.90 mg/dl in women (P=0.09) and -3.60 +/-0.94 mg/dl in men (P=0.0001). In contrast, a 1-h increase in exercise frequency every week was related to an increased HDL-C level of 0.38 +/-0.28 mg/dl for women (P=0.18) and 0.53 +/-0.14 mg/dl for men (P=0.0001). CONCLUSIONS An increase in HDL-C was shown over a 4-year period and gender-specific lifestyle factors were associated with HDL-C concentration among ethnic Chinese in Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Renal function predicts cardiovascular outcomes in southern Italian postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 16:481-6. [DOI: 10.1097/hjr.0b013e32832b8d87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal women have an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) events. Similarly, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a well established risk factor for CV disease and mortality. Design We evaluated the effect of renal function on the risk of death and CV events in 1500 southern Italian postmenopausal women. Methods and results Renal function was estimated (e) by glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) by Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. We classified postmenopausal women in two groups of e-GFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2): ≥ 60 (group 1) and less than 60 (group 2). The primary endpoint was major adverse CV events (MACE). The secondary endpoints were total events (MACE + death from any cause), coronary events, and stroke. During the follow-up (mean = 72.6 months), there were 200 new CV morbid events. The rate of MACE (per 100 patient-years) was 1.88 and 2.98 in the two groups of e-GFR ( P < 0.0001). On univariate analysis, the incident risk of CV events was inversely related with the e-GFR values; similarly, in multiple Cox regression model, only the e-GFR maintained an independent association with MACE and secondary end-points. Conclusion For the first time, we demonstrated that the reduction of e-GFR was associated with the increased risk of death and CV events, independently of traditional CV risk factors, menopause duration, and presence of metabolic syndrome.
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Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity. Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2009; 16:189-202. [PMID: 19300094 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e328329fcc2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kolovou GD, Bilianou HG. Influence of Aging and Menopause on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Women. Angiology 2008; 59:54S-7S. [DOI: 10.1177/0003319708319645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The actions of endogenous estrogens on the cardiovascular system can be mediated directly on the vessels or indirectly through the modulation of cardiovascular risk factors. Aging and menopause are the main causes that lead to an adverse lipid profile in women. The influence of age on prevalence of increased plasma triglyceride levels and on larger variation in fasting triglyceride levels has been reported in both genders. However, the increased prevalence of increased cholesterol with age was only found in women. The high-density lipid cholesterol level is higher in women than in men throughout all ages. Obesity may also exaggerate the unfavorable lipid profile in aging and/or menopausal women. In the last decades the management of the menopausal women has been a subject of concern for medical scientific groups. In this review, the current understanding of an influence of age and menopause on lipids and lipoproteins concentration in women will be analyzed.
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