8
|
Rovai S, Corrà U, Piepoli M, Vignati C, Salvioni E, Bonomi A, Mattavelli I, Arcari L, Scardovi AB, Perrone Filardi P, Lagioia R, Paolillo S, Magrì D, Limongelli G, Metra M, Senni M, Scrutinio D, Raimondo R, Emdin M, Lombardi C, Cattadori G, Parati G, Re F, Cicoira M, Villani GQ, Minà C, Correale M, Frigerio M, Perna E, Mapelli M, Magini A, Clemenza F, Bussotti M, Battaia E, Guazzi M, Bandera F, Badagliacca R, Di Lenarda A, Pacileo G, Maggioni A, Passino C, Sciomer S, Sinagra G, Agostoni P. Exercise oscillatory ventilation and prognosis in heart failure patients with reduced and mid-range ejection fraction. Eur J Heart Fail 2019; 21:1586-1595. [PMID: 31782225 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.1595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Exercise oscillatory ventilation (EOV) is a pivotal cardiopulmonary exercise test parameter for the prognostic evaluation of patients with chronic heart failure (HF). It has been described in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (<40%, HFrEF) and with HF with preserved ejection fraction (>50%, HFpEF), but no data are available for patients with HF with mid-range ejection fraction (40-49%, HFmrEF). The aim of the study was to evaluate the prognostic role of EOV in HFmrEF patients. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed 1239 patients with HFmrEF and 4482 patients with HFrEF, enrolled in the MECKI score database, with a 2-year follow-up. The study endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplant, and ventricular assist device implantation. We identified EOV in 968 cases (16% and 17% of cases in HFmrEF and HFrEF, respectively). HFrEF EOV+ patients were significantly older, and their parameters suggested a more severe HF than HFrEF EOV- patients. A similar behaviour was found in HFmrEF EOV+ vs. EOV- patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis, irrespective of ejection fraction, showed that EOV is associated with a worse survival, and that patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF EOV+ had a significantly worse outcome than the EOV- of the same ejection fraction groups. EOV-associated survival differences in HFmrEF patients started after 18 months of follow-up. CONCLUSION Exercise oscillatory ventilation has a similar prevalence and ominous prognostic value in both HFmrEF and HFrEF patients, indicating a group of patients in need of a more intensive follow-up and a more aggressive therapy. In HFmrEF, the survival curves between EOV+ and EOV- patients diverged only after 18 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rovai
- U.O Scompenso, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Sport and Exercise Medicine Division, Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ugo Corrà
- Cardiology Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Veruno Institute, Veruno, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Vignati
- U.O Scompenso, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Alice Bonomi
- U.O Scompenso, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luca Arcari
- Cardiology Division, Santo Spirito Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Rocco Lagioia
- Division of Cardiology, "S. Maugeri" Foundation, IRCCS, Institute of Cassano Murge, Bari, Italy
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Damiano Magrì
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Sant'Andrea, "Sapienza" Università degli Studi di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele Senni
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Failure and Heart Transplant Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Rosa Raimondo
- Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Tradate, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- UOC Cardiologia e Medicina cardiovascolare, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy.,Life Science Institute, Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Gaia Cattadori
- Unità Operativa Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Re
- Cardiology Division, Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Cardiomyopathies Unit, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Chiara Minà
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS - ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Maria Frigerio
- Dipartimento Cardiologico 'A. De Gasperis', Ospedale Cà Granda-A.O. Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Perna
- Dipartimento Cardiologico 'A. De Gasperis', Ospedale Cà Granda-A.O. Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Mapelli
- U.O Scompenso, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Clemenza
- Department for the Treatment and Study of Cardiothoracic Diseases and Cardiothoracic Transplantation, IRCCS - ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bussotti
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Battaia
- Department of Cardiology, S. Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Cardiology University Department, Heart Failure Unit and Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandera
- Cardiology University Department, Heart Failure Unit and Cardiopulmonary Laboratory, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, 'Sapienza', Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Health Authority no. 1 and University of, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pacileo
- Cardiologia SUN, Ospedale Monaldi (Azienda dei Colli), Seconda Università di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Passino
- UOC Cardiologia e Medicina cardiovascolare, Fondazione Gabriele Monasterio, CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy.,Life Science Institute, Life Science Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Susanna Sciomer
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cardiovascolari, Respiratorie, Nefrologiche, Anestesiologiche e Geriatriche, 'Sapienza', Rome University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Ospedali Riuniti and University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- U.O Scompenso, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Agostoni P, Corrà U, Cattadori G, Veglia F, Battaia E, La Gioia R, Scardovi AB, Emdin M, Metra M, Sinagra G, Limongelli G, Raimondo R, Re F, Guazzi M, Belardinelli R, Parati G, Magrì D, Fiorentini C, Cicoira M, Salvioni E, Giovannardi M, Mezzani A, Scrutinio D, Di Lenarda A, Mantegazza V, Ricci R, Apostolo A, Iorio A, Paolillo S, Palermo P, Contini M, Vassanelli C, Passino C, Piepoli MF. Prognostic Value of Indeterminable Anaerobic Threshold in Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:977-87. [DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.113.000471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Agostoni
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Ugo Corrà
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Gaia Cattadori
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Fabrizio Veglia
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Elisa Battaia
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Rocco La Gioia
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Angela B. Scardovi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Michele Emdin
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Marco Metra
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Rosa Raimondo
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Federica Re
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Marco Guazzi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Romualdo Belardinelli
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Damiano Magrì
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Cesare Fiorentini
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Mariantonietta Cicoira
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Elisabetta Salvioni
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Marta Giovannardi
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Alessandro Mezzani
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Domenico Scrutinio
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Andrea Di Lenarda
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Valentina Mantegazza
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Roberto Ricci
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Anna Apostolo
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - AnnaMaria Iorio
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Stefania Paolillo
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Pietro Palermo
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Mauro Contini
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Corrado Vassanelli
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Claudio Passino
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| | - Massimo F. Piepoli
- From the Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milano, Italy (P.A., G.C., F.V., E.B., C.F., E.S., M.G., V.M., A.A., P.P., M.C.); Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy (P.A., C.F.); Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (P.A.); Divisione di Cardiologia Riabilitativa, Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS, Istituto Scientifico di Veruno, Veruno, Italy (U.C., A.M.); Section of
| |
Collapse
|