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Markov AG, Livanova AA, Fedorova AA, Kravtsova VV, Krivoi II. Chronic Ouabain Targets Pore-Forming Claudin-2 and Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Damage to the Rat Intestinal Tissue Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:278. [PMID: 38203449 PMCID: PMC10778734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) causes disturbances in the functions of the gastrointestinal tract. Given the therapeutic potential of ouabain, a specific ligand of the Na,K-ATPase, we tested its ability to protect against IR-induced disturbances in the barrier and transport properties of the jejunum and colon of rats. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 6-day intraperitoneal injections of vehicle or ouabain (1 µg/kg/day). On the fourth day of injections, rats were exposed to total-body X-ray irradiation (10 Gy) or a sham irradiation. Isolated tissues were examined 72 h post-irradiation. Electrophysiological characteristics and paracellular permeability for sodium fluorescein were measured in an Ussing chamber. Histological analysis and Western blotting were also performed. In the jejunum tissue, ouabain exposure did not prevent disturbances in transepithelial resistance, paracellular permeability, histological characteristics, as well as changes in the expression of claudin-1, -3, -4, tricellulin, and caspase-3 induced by IR. However, ouabain prevented overexpression of occludin and the pore-forming claudin-2. In the colon tissue, ouabain prevented electrophysiological disturbances and claudin-2 overexpression. These observations may reveal a mechanism by which circulating ouabain maintains tight junction integrity under IR-induced intestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G. Markov
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.A.L.); (A.A.F.); (V.V.K.); (I.I.K.)
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Rahu K, Rahu M, Auvinen A, Zeeb H, Boice JD. Cancer incidence among Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia: A 34-year follow-up. Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1347-1355. [PMID: 37334866 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
From 1986 to 1991, 4831 men from Estonia were sent to clean up radioactively contaminated areas near Chernobyl (Chornobyl). Their cancer incidence during 1986 to 2019 was compared to that of the male population of Estonia. The cohort of cleanup workers was linked to national population and cancer registers based on unique personal identification numbers. Nineteen (0.4%) workers could not be traced. A total of 4812 men contributing 120 770 person-years of follow-up were eligible for the analyses. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) and adjusted relative risks (ARR, expressed as ratios of SIRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. A total of 687 incident cancer cases were registered in the cohort (SIR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.19). Presumptive radiation-related cancers combined were in excess, but not when smoking- and alcohol-related cancers were excluded (SIR 0.92, 95% CI 0.71-1.18). For smoking-related cancers, the SIR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.13-1.36) and for alcohol-related cancer the SIR was 1.53 (95% CI 1.31-1.75). Less educated workers had a higher risk of all cancers (ARR = 1.21, 95% CI 1.02-1.44) and smoking-related cancers (ARR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.14-1.76). An elevated risk of alcohol-related cancers was evident 15 to 24 years (vs <15 years) after return from the Chernobyl area. This updated register-based follow-up of Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia revealed an excess of radiation-related cancer sites combined, but the excess was not apparent after excluding cancers associated with smoking and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Rahu
- Department of Registries, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mati Rahu
- Formerly: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority-STUK, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - John D Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Rahu K, Rahu M, Zeeb H, Auvinen A, Bromet E, Boice JD. Suicide and other causes of death among Chernobyl cleanup workers from Estonia, 1986 - 2020: an update. Eur J Epidemiol 2023; 38:225-232. [PMID: 36609895 PMCID: PMC9905157 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-022-00957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mortality was studied in a cohort of 4831 men from Estonia who participated in the environmental cleanup of the radioactively contaminated areas around Chernobyl in 1986-1991. Their mortality in 1986-2020 was compared with the mortality in the Estonian male population. A total of 1503 deaths were registered among the 4812 traced men. The all-cause standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 1.04 (95% CI 0.99-1.09). All-cancer mortality was elevated (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.28). Radiation-related cancers were in excess (SMR 1.20, 95% CI 1.03-1.36); however, the excesses could be attributed to tobacco and alcohol consumption. For smoking-related cancers, the SMR was 1.20 (95% CI 1.06-1.35) and for alcohol-related cancers the SMR was 1.56 (95% CI 1.26-1.86). Adjusted relative risks (ARR) of all-cause mortality were increased among workers who stayed in the Chernobyl area ≥ 92 days (ARR 1.20, 95% CI 1.08-1.34), were of non-Estonian ethnicity (ARR 1.33, 95% CI 1.19-1.47) or had lower (basic or less) education (ARR 1.63, 95% CI 1.45-1.83). Suicide mortality was increased (SMR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05-1.56), most notably among men with lower education (ARR 2.24, 95% CI 1.42-3.53). Our findings provide additional evidence that unhealthy behaviors such as alcohol and smoking play an important role in shaping cancer mortality patterns among Estonian Chernobyl cleanup workers. The excess number of suicides suggests long-term psychiatric and substance use problems tied to Chernobyl-related stressors, i.e., the psychosocial impact was greater than any direct carcinogenic effect of low-dose radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Rahu
- Department of Registries, National Institute for Health Development, Hiiu 42, 11619, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Mati Rahu
- Formerly: Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Hajo Zeeb
- Department of Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Anssi Auvinen
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Environmental Radiation Surveillance, Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority-STUK, Tampere University, Vantaa, Finland
| | - Evelyn Bromet
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - John D Boice
- National Council On Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Golden AP, Milder CM, Ellis ED, Anderson JL, Boice JD, Bertke SJ, Zablotska LB. Cohort profile: four early uranium processing facilities in the US and Canada. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:833-847. [PMID: 33970767 PMCID: PMC10201456 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1917786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pooling of individual-level data for workers involved in uranium refining and processing (excluding enrichment) may provide valuable insights into risks from occupational uranium and external ionizing radiation exposures. METHODS Data were pooled for workers from four uranium processing facilities (Fernald, Mallinckrodt and Middlesex from the U.S.; and Port Hope, Canada). Employment began as early as the 1930s and follow-up was as late as 2017. Workers were exposed to high concentrations of uranium, radium, and their decay products, as well as gamma radiation and ambient radon decay products. Exposure and outcome data were harmonized using similar definitions and dose reconstruction methods. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were estimated. RESULTS In total, 560 deaths from lung cancer, 503 non-malignant respiratory diseases, 67 renal diseases, 1,596 ischemic heart diseases, and 101 dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) were detected in the pooled cohort of over 12,400 workers (∼1,300 females). Mean cumulative doses were 45 millisievert for whole-body external ionizing radiation exposure and 172 milligray for lung dose from radon decay products. Only SMR for dementia and AD among males was statistically significant (SMR=1.29; 95% confidence interval: 1.04, 1.54). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study to date to examine long-term health risks of uranium processing workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley P. Golden
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Health Studies Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Cato M. Milder
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Ellis
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Health Studies Program, Oak Ridge, Tennessee
| | - Jeri L. Anderson
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - John D. Boice
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP), Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen J. Bertke
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, San Francisco, CA, U.S.A
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Karpov AB, Takhauov RM, Zerenkov AG, Semenova YV, Bogdanov IM, Kazantceva SB, Blinov AP, Kalinkin DE, Gorina GV, Litvinova OV, Ermolaev YD, Mironova EB, Plaksin MB, Takhauov AR, Zablotska LB. Descriptive characteristics of occupational exposures and medical follow-up in the cohort of workers of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises in Seversk, Russia. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:848-860. [PMID: 33979238 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1917787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To date, only a few studies have examined long-term health risks of exposures in the uranium processing industry and reported contradictory results, necessitating further research in this area. This is the first description of a cohort of ∼65,000 uranium processing workers (20.6% women) of the Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises (SGCE) in Seversk, Russia, first employed during 1950-2010. METHODS SGCE is one of the largest and oldest uranium processing complexes in the world. SGCE workers at the Radiochemical, Plutonium, Sublimate and Enrichment plants were exposed to a combination of internal and external radiation, while workers at the Support Facility were primarily exposed to non-radiation factors. RESULTS Mean cumulative gamma-ray dose based on individual external dosimetry was 28.3 millisievert. About 4,000 workers have individual biophysical survey data that could be used for estimation of organ doses from uranium. SGCE workers were followed up for mortality and cancer incidence during 1950-2013 (vital status known for 80.8% of workers). The SGCE computerized database contains information on the results of regular medical examinations, and on smoking, alcohol and other individual characteristics. CONCLUSIONS The SGCE cohort is uniquely suited to examine long-term health risks of exposures to gamma-radiation and long-lived radionuclides in uranium processing workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey B Karpov
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Ravil M Takhauov
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
- Siberian State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Andrey G Zerenkov
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Yulia V Semenova
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
- Siberian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Igor M Bogdanov
- Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology №81 of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Svetlana B Kazantceva
- Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology №81 of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Aleksey P Blinov
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy E Kalinkin
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Galina V Gorina
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Olesya V Litvinova
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Yuriy D Ermolaev
- Siberian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Elena B Mironova
- Siberian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Mikhail B Plaksin
- Siberian Federal Research and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Anas R Takhauov
- Seversk Biophysical Research Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Seversk, Russia
| | - Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Drozdovitch V. Radiation Exposure to the Thyroid After the Chernobyl Accident. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:569041. [PMID: 33469445 PMCID: PMC7813882 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.569041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Chernobyl accident resulted in a considerable release of radioactivity to the atmosphere, particularly of Iodine-131 (131I), with the greatest contamination occurring in Belarus, Ukraine, and western part of Russia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Increase in thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases incidence in population exposed to Chernobyl fallout in these counties was the major health effect of the accident. Therefore, a lot of attention was paid to the thyroid doses, mainly, the 131I intake during two months after the accident. This paper reviews thyroid doses, both the individual for the subjects of radiation epidemiological studies and population-average doses. Exposure to 131I intake and other exposure pathways to population of affected regions and the Chernobyl cleanup workers (liquidators) are considered. RESULTS Individual thyroid doses due to 131I intake varied up to 42 Gy and depended on the age of the person, the region where a person was exposed, and their cow's milk consumption habits. Population-average thyroid doses among children of youngest age reached up to 0.75 Gy in the most contaminated area, the Gomel Oblast, in Belarus. Intake of 131I was the main pathway of exposure to the thyroid gland; its mean contribution to the thyroid dose in affected regions was more than 90%. The mean thyroid dose from inhalation of 131I for early Chernobyl cleanup workers was estimated to be 0.18 Gy. Individual thyroid doses due to different exposure pathways varied among 1,137 cleanup workers included in the epidemiological studies up to 9 Gy. Uncertainties associated with dose estimates, in terms of mean geometric standard deviation of individual stochastic doses, varied in range from 1.6 for doses based on individual-radiation measurements to 2.6 for "modelled" doses. CONCLUSION The 131I was the most radiologically important radionuclide that resulted in radiation exposure to the thyroid gland and cause an increase in the of rate of thyroid cancer and other thyroid diseases in population exposed after the Chernobyl accident.
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Wakeford R. The growing importance of radiation worker studies. Br J Cancer 2018; 119:527-529. [PMID: 30108293 PMCID: PMC6162300 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-018-0134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Large radiation worker studies have the potential to provide precise risk estimates for protracted exposure to low-level ionising radiation. Recent worker studies have reported statistically discernible dose-related increased risks of cancer; however, results must be interpreted with care, and occupational radiation doses need to be treated with particular attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Wakeford
- Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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Rühm W, Azizova T, Bouffler S, Cullings HM, Grosche B, Little MP, Shore RS, Walsh L, Woloschak GE. Typical doses and dose rates in studies pertinent to radiation risk inference at low doses and low dose rates. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2018; 59:ii1-ii10. [PMID: 29432579 PMCID: PMC5941142 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrx093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In order to quantify radiation risks at exposure scenarios relevant for radiation protection, often extrapolation of data obtained at high doses and high dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates is needed. Task Group TG91 on 'Radiation Risk Inference at Low-dose and Low-dose Rate Exposure for Radiological Protection Purposes' of the International Commission on Radiological Protection is currently reviewing the relevant cellular, animal and human studies that could be used for that purpose. This paper provides an overview of dose rates and doses typically used or present in those studies, and compares them with doses and dose rates typical of those received by the A-bomb survivors in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner Rühm
- Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tamara Azizova
- Southern Urals Biophysics Institute (SUBI), Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, 456780, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England (PHE), Chilton, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK
| | - Harry M Cullings
- Radiation Effects Research Foundation, 5–2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima 732-0815, Japan
| | - Bernd Grosche
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Mark P Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-9778, USA
| | - Roy S Shore
- New York University School of Medicine, 650 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Linda Walsh
- Medical Physics Group, Department of Physics, Science Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gayle E Woloschak
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Radiology, and Cell and Molecular Biology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 300 E. Superior St., Tarry 4-760, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Zablotska LB, Fenske N, Schnelzer M, Zhivin S, Laurier D, Kreuzer M. Analysis of mortality in a pooled cohort of Canadian and German uranium processing workers with no mining experience. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2018; 91:91-103. [PMID: 28940040 PMCID: PMC5752750 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-017-1260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term health risks of occupational exposures to uranium processing were examined to better understand potential differences with uranium underground miners and nuclear reactor workers. METHODS A cohort study of mortality of workers from Port Hope, Canada (1950-1999) and Wismut, Germany (1946-2008) employed in uranium milling, refining, and processing was conducted. Poisson regression was used to evaluate the association between cumulative exposures to radon decay products (RDP) and gamma-rays and causes of death potentially related to uranium processing. RESULTS The pooled cohort included 7431 workers (270,201 person-years of follow-up). Mean RDP exposures were lower than in miners while gamma-ray doses were higher than in reactor workers. Both exposures were highly correlated (weighted rho = 0.81). Radiation risks of lung cancer and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in males were increased but not statistically significant and compatible with risks estimated for miners and reactor workers, respectively. Higher RDP-associated CVD risks were observed for exposures 5-14 years prior to diagnosis compared to later exposures and among those employed <5 years. Radiation risks of solid cancers excluding lung cancer were increased, but not statistically significant, both for males and females, while all other causes of death were not associated with exposures. CONCLUSIONS In the largest study of uranium processing workers to systematically examine radiation risks of multiple outcomes from RDP exposures and gamma-rays, estimated radiation risks were compatible with risks reported for uranium miners and nuclear reactor workers. Continued follow-up and pooling with other cohorts of uranium processing workers are necessary for future comparisons with other workers of the nuclear fuel cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia B Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nora Fenske
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Schnelzer
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sergey Zhivin
- French National Institute of Health and Medical Research, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Laurier
- Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety, IRSN, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Michaela Kreuzer
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
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10
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Till JE, Beck HL, Grogan HA, Caffrey EA. A review of dosimetry used in epidemiological studies considered to evaluate the linear no-threshold (LNT) dose-response model for radiation protection. Int J Radiat Biol 2017; 93:1128-1144. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2017.1337280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Drozdovitch V, Chumak V, Kesminiene A, Ostroumova E, Bouville A. Doses for post-Chernobyl epidemiological studies: are they reliable? JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:R36-R73. [PMID: 27355439 PMCID: PMC9426290 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/3/r36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
On 26 April 2016, thirty years will have elapsed since the occurrence of the Chernobyl accident, which has so far been the most severe in the history of the nuclear reactor industry. Numerous epidemiological studies were conducted to evaluate the possible health consequences of the accident. Since the credibility of the association between the radiation exposure and health outcome is highly dependent on the adequacy of the dosimetric quantities used in these studies, this paper makes an effort to overview the methods used to estimate individual doses and the associated uncertainties in the main analytical epidemiological studies (i.e. cohort or case-control) related to the Chernobyl accident. Based on the thorough analysis and comparison with other radiation studies, the authors conclude that individual doses for the Chernobyl analytical epidemiological studies have been calculated with a relatively high degree of reliability and well-characterized uncertainties, and that they compare favorably with many other non-Chernobyl studies. The major strengths of the Chernobyl studies are: (1) they are grounded on a large number of measurements, either performed on humans or made in the environment; and (2) extensive effort has been invested to evaluate the uncertainties associated with the dose estimates. Nevertheless, gaps in the methodology are identified and suggestions for the possible improvement of the current dose estimates are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | - André Bouville
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Retired
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12
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Chumak V, Drozdovitch V, Kryuchkov V, Bakhanova E, Babkina N, Bazyka D, Gudzenko N, Hatch M, Trotsuk N, Zablotska L, Golovanov I, Luckyanov N, Voillequé P, Bouville A. Dosimetry Support of the Ukrainian-American Case-control Study of Leukemia and Related Disorders Among Chornobyl Cleanup Workers. HEALTH PHYSICS 2015; 109:296-301. [PMID: 26313587 PMCID: PMC4557628 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes dose reconstruction for a joint Ukrainian-American case-control study of leukemia that was conducted in a cohort of 110,645 male Ukrainian cleanup workers of the Chornobyl (Chernobyl) accident who were exposed to various radiation doses over the 1986-1990 time period. Individual bone-marrow doses due to external irradiation along with respective uncertainty distributions were calculated for 1,000 study subjects using the RADRUE method, which employed personal cleanup history data collected in the course of an interview with the subject himself if he was alive or with two proxies if he was deceased. The central estimates of the bone-marrow dose distributions range from 3.7 × 10(-5) to 3,260 mGy, with an arithmetic mean of 92 mGy. The uncertainties in the individual stochastic dose estimates can be approximated by lognormal distributions; the average geometric standard deviation is 2.0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Chumak
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir Drozdovitch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Elena Bakhanova
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Natalya Babkina
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Maureen Hatch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Natalya Trotsuk
- National Research Centre for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Lydia Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ivan Golovanov
- Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nickolas Luckyanov
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - André Bouville
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Hatch M. Nuclear reactor accidents: exposures and health effects among members of the public. HEALTH PHYSICS 2014; 106:307-308. [PMID: 24378507 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000000014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Hatch
- *Radiation Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
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