1
|
Tamizh Selvan G, Venkatachalam P. Potentials of cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay in radiation triage and biological dosimetry. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100409. [PMCID: PMC11381789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2024.100409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
|
2
|
Harte DSG, Lynch AM, Verma J, Rees P, Filby A, Wills JW, Johnson GE. A multi-biomarker micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:3137-3153. [PMID: 38995349 PMCID: PMC11324684 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Genetic toxicity testing assesses the potential of compounds to cause DNA damage. There are many genetic toxicology screening assays designed to assess the DNA damaging potential of chemicals in early drug development aiding the identification of promising drugs that have low-risk potential for causing genetic damage contributing to cancer risk in humans. Despite this, in vitro tests generate a high number of misleading positives, the consequences of which can lead to unnecessary animal testing and/or the abandonment of promising drug candidates. Understanding chemical Mode of Action (MoA) is vital to identifying the true genotoxic potential of substances and, therefore, the risk translation into the clinic. Here we demonstrate a simple, robust protocol for staining fixed, human-lymphoblast p53 proficient TK6 cells with antibodies against ɣH2AX, p53 and pH3S28 along with DRAQ5™ DNA staining that enables analysis of un-lysed cells via microscopy approaches such as imaging flow cytometry. Here, we used the Cytek® Amnis® ImageStream®X Mk II which provides a high-throughput acquisition platform with the sensitivity of flow cytometry and spatial morphological information associated with microscopy. Using the ImageStream manufacturer's software (IDEAS® 6.2), a masking strategy was developed to automatically detect and quantify micronucleus events (MN) and characterise biomarker populations. The gating strategy developed enables the generation of a template capable of automatically batch processing data files quantifying cell-cycle, MN, ɣH2AX, p53 and pH3 populations simultaneously. In this way, we demonstrate how a multiplex system enables DNA damage assessment alongside MN identification using un-lysed cells on the imaging flow cytometry platform. As a proof-of-concept, we use the tool chemicals carbendazim and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) to demonstrate the assay's ability to correctly identify clastogenic or aneugenic MoAs using the biomarker profiles established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S G Harte
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anthony M Lynch
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jatin Verma
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Filby
- Core Flow Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John W Wills
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - George E Johnson
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA. Development of high-throughput systems for biodosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1477-1484. [PMID: 37721060 PMCID: PMC10720693 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for ionising radiation exposure have great utility in scenarios where there has been a potential exposure and physical dosimetry is missing or in dispute, such as for occupational and accidental exposures. Biomarkers that respond as a function of dose are particularly useful as biodosemeters to determine the dose of radiation to which an individual has been exposed. These dose measurements can also be used in medical scenarios to track doses from medical exposures and even have the potential to identify an individual's response to radiation exposure that could help tailor treatments. The measurement of biomarkers of exposure in medicine and for accidents, where a larger number of samples would be required, is limited by the throughput of analysis (i.e. the number of samples that could be processed and analysed), particularly for microscope-based methods, which tend to be labour-intensive. Rapid analysis in an emergency scenario, such as a large-scale accident, would provide dose estimates to medical practitioners, allowing timely administration of the appropriate medical countermeasures to help mitigate the effects of radiation exposure. In order to improve sample throughput for biomarker analysis, much effort has been devoted to automating the process from sample preparation through automated image analysis. This paper will focus mainly on biological endpoints traditionally analysed by microscopy, specifically dicentric chromosomes, micronuclei and gamma-H2AX. These endpoints provide examples where sample throughput has been improved through automated image acquisition, analysis of images acquired by microscopy, as well as methods that have been developed for analysis using imaging flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bertucci A, Wilkins RC, Lachapelle S, Turner HC, Brenner DJ, Garty G. Comparison of Isolated Lymphocyte and Whole Blood-Based CBMN Assays for Radiation Triage. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:110-120. [PMID: 37573770 PMCID: PMC10859551 DOI: 10.1159/000533488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Following a mass-casualty nuclear/radiological event, there will be an important need for rapid and accurate estimation of absorbed dose for biological triage. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is an established and validated cytogenetic biomarker used to assess DNA damage in irradiated peripheral blood lymphocytes. Here, we describe an intercomparison experiment between two biodosimetry laboratories, located at Columbia University (CU) and Health Canada (HC) that performed different variants of the human blood CBMN assay to reconstruct dose in human blood, with CU performing the assay on isolated lymphocytes and using semi-automated scoring whereas HC used the more conventional whole blood assay. Although the micronucleus yields varied significantly between the two assays, the predicted doses closely matched up to 4 Gy - the range from which the HC calibration curve was previously established. These results highlight the importance of a robust calibration curve(s) across a wide age range of donors that match the exposure scenario as closely as possible and that will account for differences in methodology between laboratories. We have seen that at low doses, variability in the results may be attributed to variation in the processing while at higher doses the variation is dominated by inter-individual variation in cell proliferation. This interlaboratory collaboration further highlights the usefulness of the CBMN endpoint to accurately reconstruct absorbed dose in human blood after ionizing radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Currently at: Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Ruth C. Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Helen C. Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J. Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Beaton-Green LA, Mayenburg JM, Marro L, Hassan EM, Cuadros Sanchez S, Darwish R, Lachapelle S, Adam N, Burtt JJ, Van Den Hanenberg C, Rodrigues MA, Wang Q, Brenner DJ, Turner HC, Wilkins RC. Application of the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay for High-Dose Exposures Using Imaging Flow Cytometry. Cytogenet Genome Res 2023; 163:131-142. [PMID: 37527635 DOI: 10.1159/000532124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay is a well-established method to assess radiation-induced genetic damage in human cells. This assay has been adapted to imaging flow cytometry (IFC), allowing automated analysis of many cells, and eliminating the need to create microscope slides. Furthermore, to improve the efficiency of assay performance, a small-volume method previously developed was employed. Irradiated human blood samples were cultured, stained, and analyzed by IFC to produce images of the cells. Samples were run using both manual and 96-well plate automated acquisition. Multiple parameter-based image features were collected for each sample, and the results were compared to confirm that these acquisition methods are functionally identical. This paper details the multi-parametric analysis developed and the resulting calibration curves up to 10 Gy. The calibration curves were created using a quadratic random coefficient model with Poisson errors, as well as a logistic discriminant function. The curves were then validated with blinded, irradiated samples, using relative bias and relative mean square error. Overall, the accuracy of the dose estimates was adequate for triage dosimetry (within 1 Gy of the true dose) over 90% of the time for lower doses and about half the time for higher doses, with the lowest success rate between 5 and 6 Gy where the calibration curve reached its peak and there was the smallest change in MN/BNC with dose. This work describes the application of a novel multi-parametric analysis that fits the calibration curves and allows dose estimates up to 10 Gy, which were previously limited to 4 Gy. Furthermore, it demonstrates that the results from samples acquired manually and with the autosampler are functionally similar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica M Mayenburg
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leonora Marro
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eman M Hassan
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarita Cuadros Sanchez
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Riham Darwish
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sylvie Lachapelle
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Adam
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie J Burtt
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cyndi Van Den Hanenberg
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Qi Wang
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wilkins RC, Rodrigues M, Beaton-Green LA. The Imaging Flow Cytometry-Based Cytokinesis-Block MicroNucleus (CBMN) Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2635:103-122. [PMID: 37074659 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3020-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The dose of ionizing radiation received by an individual can be determined using biodosimetry methods which measure biomarkers of exposure in tissue samples from that individual. These markers can be expressed in many ways, including DNA damage and repair processes. Following a mass casualty event involving radiological or nuclear material, it is important to rapidly provide this information to medical responders to assist in the medical management of potentially exposed casualties. Traditional methods of biodosimetry rely on microscope analysis, making them time-consuming and labor-intensive. To increase sample throughput following a large-scale radiological mass casualty event, several biodosimetry assays have been adapted for analysis by imaging flow cytometry. This chapter briefly reviews these methods with a focus on the most current methodology to identify and quantify micronuclei in binucleated cells within the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using an imaging flow cytometer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nersesyan A, Kundi M, Fenech M, Stopper H, da Silva J, Bolognesi C, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Recommendations and quality criteria for micronucleus studies with humans. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2022; 789:108410. [PMID: 35690413 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2021.108410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Micronucleus (MN) analyses in peripheral blood lymphocytes and exfoliated cells from different organs (mouth, nose, bladder and cervix) are at present the most widely used approaches to detect damage of genetic material in humans. MN are extranuclear DNA-containing bodies, which can be identified microscopically. They reflect structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations and are formed as a consequence of exposure to occupational, environmental and lifestyle genotoxins. They are also induced as a consequence of inadequate intake of certain trace elements and vitamins. High MN rates are associated with increased risk of cancer and a range of non-cancer diseases in humans. Furthermore, evidence is accumulating that measurements of MN could be a useful tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of different forms of cancer and other diseases (inflammation, infections, metabolic disorders) and for the assessment of the therapeutic success of medical treatments. Recent reviews of the current state of knowledge suggest that many clinical studies have methodological shortcomings. This could lead to controversial findings and limits their usefulness in defining the impact of exposure concentrations of hazardous chemicals, for the judgment of remediation strategies, for the diagnosis of diseases and for the identification of protective or harmful dietary constituents. This article describes important quality criteria for human MN studies and contains recommendations for acceptable study designs. Important parameters that need more attention include sufficiently large group sizes, adequate duration of intervention studies, the exclusion of confounding factors which may affect the results (sex, age, body mass index, nutrition, etc.), the evaluation of appropriate cell numbers per sample according to established scoring criteria as well as the use of proper stains and adequate statistical analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Kundi
- Center for Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Fenech
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Genome Health Foundation, North Brighton, SA, Australia
| | - H Stopper
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - J da Silva
- Laboratory of Genetic Toxicology, Lutheran University of Brazil (ULBRA) & LaSalle University (UniLaSalle), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - C Bolognesi
- Environmental Carcinogenesis Unit, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gnanasekaran TS. Cytogenetic biological dosimetry assays: recent developments and updates. Radiat Oncol J 2021; 39:159-166. [PMID: 34610654 PMCID: PMC8497872 DOI: 10.3857/roj.2021.00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological dosimetry is the measurement of radiation-induced changes in the human to measure short and long-term health risks. Biodosimetry offers an independent means of obtaining dose information and also provides diagnostic information on the potential for “partial-body” exposure information using biological indicators and otherwise based on computer modeling, dose reconstruction, and physical dosimetry. A variety of biodosimetry tools are available and some features make some more valuable than others. Among the available biodosimetry tool, cytogenetic biodosimetry methods occupy an exclusive and advantageous position. The cytogenetic analysis can complement physical dosimetry by confirming or ruling out an accidental radiological exposure or overexposures. We are discussing the recent developments and adaptability of currently available cytogenetic biological dosimetry assays.
Collapse
|
9
|
Goh VST, Takebayashi K, Nakayama R, Fujishima Y, Yoshida MA, Kasai K, Ariyoshi K, Miura T. Cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay performed in 0 and 2 Gy irradiated whole blood and isolated PBMCs in a six-well transwell co-culture system. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:1631-1640. [PMID: 34554021 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1981555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay in cytogenetic biodosimetry uses micronucleus (MN) frequency scored in binucleated cells (BNC) for dose estimation. Cell-cycle progression parameters of nuclear division index (NDI) and percentage of BNC (% BNC) are also evaluated. Whole blood (WB) or peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from WB can be used for lymphocyte culture. Previously, 2 Gy PBMCs showed higher NDI and lower MN frequency than WB in 15 ml polypropylene tube single cultures. In this follow-up study, we wanted to assess if soluble factors present in WB but absent in PBMCs could increase MN frequency or decrease NDI in PBMCs co-cultured with WB. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood from four healthy donors (two males: 25, 51; two females: 23, 26 years old) was irradiated with X-ray at 1 Gy/min. CBMN assay was performed with different combinations of 0 and 2 Gy WB and PBMC (WB, WB-IR, PBMC, PBMC-IR) mono- and co-cultures in a polystyrene six-well plate. Co-cultures were separated by 0.4 µm transwell inserts. Log2 fold changes and values of NDI, % BNC and MN frequency analyzed by three scorers were obtained. RESULTS As upper and lower wells of the same culture condition showed some significant differences, wells of the same level were compared. NDI of PBMCs increased when PBMC or PBMC-IR was co-cultured with WB or WB-IR, respectively, as compared to mono-cultures. There was no increase in PBMC-IR's MN frequency when co-cultured with WB or WB-IR. MN frequency was consistently higher in WB-IR than PBMC-IR in both mono- and co-cultures. NDI, % BNC and MN frequency were similar when WB or PBMC were co-cultured with PBMC-IR or WB-IR, respectively. Significantly lower NDI and % BNC, and higher MN frequency were also seen in some conditions of 15 ml cultures than six-well mono-cultures. CONCLUSIONS Instead of the hypothesized decrease in NDI and increase in MN frequency, our co-culture set-up showed that in the absence of direct cell-cell interaction, soluble factors in WB increased NDI but not MN frequency in PBMCs. Moreover, radiation-induced bystander effects could not be observed. As the type of cell culture (WB, PBMC) and culture vessels could influence NDI and MN frequency, CBMN culture protocols should be kept consistent for dose-response calibration curve construction and dose estimation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Swee Ting Goh
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Radiobiology, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative (SNRSI), Singapore
| | - Kai Takebayashi
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ryo Nakayama
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan.,Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yohei Fujishima
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| | | | - Kosuke Kasai
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ariyoshi
- Center for Integrated Science and Humanities, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Department of Risk Analysis and Biodosimetry, Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine (IREM), Hirosaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Inter-laboratory automation of the in vitro micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning. Arch Toxicol 2021; 95:3101-3115. [PMID: 34245348 PMCID: PMC8380241 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus assay is a globally significant method for DNA damage quantification used for regulatory compound safety testing in addition to inter-individual monitoring of environmental, lifestyle and occupational factors. However, it relies on time-consuming and user-subjective manual scoring. Here we show that imaging flow cytometry and deep learning image classification represents a capable platform for automated, inter-laboratory operation. Images were captured for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay across three laboratories using methyl methanesulphonate (1.25-5.0 μg/mL) and/or carbendazim (0.8-1.6 μg/mL) exposures to TK6 cells. Human-scored image sets were assembled and used to train and test the classification abilities of the "DeepFlow" neural network in both intra- and inter-laboratory contexts. Harnessing image diversity across laboratories yielded a network able to score unseen data from an entirely new laboratory without any user configuration. Image classification accuracies of 98%, 95%, 82% and 85% were achieved for 'mononucleates', 'binucleates', 'mononucleates with MN' and 'binucleates with MN', respectively. Successful classifications of 'trinucleates' (90%) and 'tetranucleates' (88%) in addition to 'other or unscorable' phenotypes (96%) were also achieved. Attempts to classify extremely rare, tri- and tetranucleated cells with micronuclei into their own categories were less successful (≤ 57%). Benchmark dose analyses of human or automatically scored micronucleus frequency data yielded quantitation of the same equipotent concentration regardless of scoring method. We conclude that this automated approach offers significant potential to broaden the practical utility of the CBMN method across industry, research and clinical domains. We share our strategy using openly-accessible frameworks.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rodrigues MA, Probst CE, Zayats A, Davidson B, Riedel M, Li Y, Venkatachalam V. The in vitro micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry and deep learning. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 34006858 PMCID: PMC8131758 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-021-00179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a well-established assay for quantification of DNA damage, and is required by regulatory bodies worldwide to screen chemicals for genetic toxicity. The MN assay is performed in two variations: scoring MN in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells or directly in unblocked mononucleated cells. Several methods have been developed to score the MN assay, including manual and automated microscopy, and conventional flow cytometry, each with advantages and limitations. Previously, we applied imaging flow cytometry (IFC) using the ImageStream® to develop a rapid and automated MN assay based on high throughput image capture and feature-based image analysis in the IDEAS® software. However, the analysis strategy required rigorous optimization across chemicals and cell lines. To overcome the complexity and rigidity of feature-based image analysis, in this study we used the Amnis® AI software to develop a deep-learning method based on convolutional neural networks to score IFC data in both the cytokinesis-blocked and unblocked versions of the MN assay. We show that the use of the Amnis AI software to score imagery acquired using the ImageStream® compares well to manual microscopy and outperforms IDEAS® feature-based analysis, facilitating full automation of the MN assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Artiom Zayats
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan Davidson
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Riedel
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yang Li
- Amnis Flow Cytometry, Luminex Corporation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Torabizadeh SA, Rezaeifar M, Jomehzadeh A, Nabizadeh Haghighi F, Ansari M. Radioprotective Potential of Sulindac Sulfide to Prevent DNA Damage Due to Ionizing Radiation. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:4127-4134. [PMID: 31827319 PMCID: PMC6902880 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s218022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The ionizing radiation exposure of the normal cell causes damage to DNA, which leads to cell dysfunction or even cell death. However, it is necessary to identify new radio protectives in order to protect normal cells. Sulindac sulfide (SS) is a metabolite of sulindac (a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) known as a cyclooxygenase inhibitor. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species are generated in the IR-exposed cells. Also, the induced inflammation process causes damage in DNA. Purpose In this research, the radioprotective effect of SS was investigated against genotoxicity and lipid peroxidation induced by ionizing radiation in the human blood lymphocytes. Methods In this study, the human blood samples were pretreated with SS at different concentrations (10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 μM) and then were exposed to IR at a dose of 1.5 Gy. The micronucleus (MN) assay was used to indicate the radioprotective effects of SS on exposed cells. Total antioxidant activity of the SS was measured by using FRAP and DPPH assay. Also, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the exposed cells were evaluated. Results It was found that SS decreased the percentage of MN induced by IR in exposed cells. Maximum reduction in the frequency of MN was observed at 250 μM of SS (87%) that provides the highest degree of protection against IR. On the other hand, pretreatment at 250 μM of SS inhibited IR-induced oxidative stress, which led to a decrease in the MN frequencies and MDA levels, while SOD activity showed an increase in the exposed cells. Conclusion It could be concluded that SS as a good radioprotective agent protects the human normal cells against the oxidative stress and genetic damage induced by IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Atekeh Torabizadeh
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaeifar
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Jomehzadeh
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Physics Department, Radiotherapy & Oncology Unit, Shafa Kerman Hospital, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Nabizadeh Haghighi
- Pharmaceutics Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Drug and Food Control Department, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Q, Rodrigues MA, Repin M, Pampou S, Beaton-Green LA, Perrier J, Garty G, Brenner DJ, Turner HC, Wilkins RC. Automated Triage Radiation Biodosimetry: Integrating Imaging Flow Cytometry with High-Throughput Robotics to Perform the Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus Assay. Radiat Res 2019; 191:342-351. [PMID: 30779694 DOI: 10.1667/rr15243.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay has become a fully-validated and standardized method for radiation biodosimetry. The assay is typically performed using microscopy, which is labor intensive, time consuming and impractical after a large-scale radiological/nuclear event. Imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines the statistical power of traditional flow cytometry with the sensitivity and specificity of microscopy, has been recently used to perform the CBMN assay. Since this technology is capable of automated sample acquisition and multi-file analysis, we have integrated IFC into our Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Technology (RABiT-II). Assay development and optimization studies were designed to increase the yield of binucleated cells (BNCs), and improve data acquisition and analysis templates to increase the speed and accuracy of image analysis. Human peripheral blood samples were exposed ex vivo with up to 4 Gy of c rays at a dose rate of 0.73 Gy/min. After irradiation, samples were transferred to microtubes (total volume of 1 ml including blood and media) and organized into a standard 8 × 12 plate format. Sample processing methods were modified by increasing the blood-to-media ratio, adding hypotonic solution prior to cell fixation and optimizing nuclear DRAQ5 staining, leading to an increase of 81% in BNC yield. Modification of the imaging processing algorithms within IFC software also improved BNC and MN identification, and reduced the average time of image analysis by 78%. Finally, 50 ll of irradiated whole blood was cultured with 200 ll of media in 96-well plates. All sample processing steps were performed automatically using the RABiT-II cell: :explorer robotic system adopting the optimized IFC-CBMN assay protocol. The results presented here detail a novel, high-throughput RABiT-IFC CBMN assay that possesses the potential to increase capacity for triage biodosimetry during a large-scale radiological/nuclear event.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Mikhail Repin
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- d Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Jay Perrier
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - David J Brenner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Helen C Turner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- d Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Repin M, Pampou S, Garty G, Brenner DJ. RABiT-II: A Fully-Automated Micronucleus Assay System with Shortened Time to Result. Radiat Res 2019; 191:232-236. [PMID: 30657421 DOI: 10.1667/rr15215.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we describe a fully automated cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay with a significantly shortened time to result, motivated by the need for rapid high-throughput biodosimetric estimation of radiation doses from small-volume human blood samples. The Rapid Automated Biodosimetry Tool (RABiT-II) currently consists of two commercial automated systems: a PerkinElmer cell::explorer Workstation and a GE Healthcare IN Cell Analyzer 2000 Imager. Blood samples (30 μl) from eight healthy volunteers were gamma-ray irradiated ex vivo with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.5, 2.5, 3.5 or 4.5 Gy and processed with full automation in 96-well plates on the RABiT-II system. The total cell culture time was 54 h and total assay time was 3 days. DAPI-stained fixed samples were imaged on an IN Cell Analyzer 2000 with fully-automated image analysis using the GE Healthcare IN Cell Developer Toolbox version 1.9. A CBMN dose-response calibration curve was established, after which the capability of the system to predict known doses was assessed. Various radiation doses for irradiated samples from two donors were estimated within 20% of the true dose (±0.5 Gy below 2 Gy) in 97% of the samples, with the doses in some 5 Gy irradiated samples being underestimated by up to 25%. In summary, the findings from this work demonstrate that the accelerated CBMN assay can be automated in a high-throughput format, using commercial biotech robotic systems, in 96-well plates, providing a rapid and reliable bioassay for radiation exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Repin
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening Facility, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - David J Brenner
- a Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rodrigues MA. Automation of the in vitro micronucleus assay using the Imagestream ® imaging flow cytometer. Cytometry A 2018; 93:706-726. [PMID: 30118149 PMCID: PMC6174940 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The in vitro micronucleus (MN) assay is a well‐established test for evaluating genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The use of manual microscopy to perform the assay can be laborious and often suffers from user subjectivity and interscorer variability. Automated methods including slide‐scanning microscopy and conventional flow cytometry have been developed to eliminate scorer bias and improve throughput. However, these methods possess several limitations such as lack of cytoplasmic visualization using slide‐scanning microscopy and the inability to visually confirm the legitimacy of MN or storage of image data for re‐evaluation using flow cytometry. The ImageStreamX® MK II (ISX) imaging flow cytometer has been demonstrated to overcome all of these limitations. The ISX combines the speed, statistical robustness, and rare event capture capability of conventional flow cytometry with high resolution fluorescent imagery of microscopy and possesses the ability to store all collected image data. This paper details the methodology developed to perform the in vitro MN assay in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells on the ISX. High resolution images of micronucleated mono‐ and bi‐nucleated cells as well as polynucleated cells can be acquired at a high rate of capture. All images can then be automatically identified, categorized and enumerated in the data analysis software that accompanies the ImageStream, allowing for the scoring of both genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. The results demonstrate that statistically significant increases in MN frequency when compared with solvent controls can be detected at varying levels of cytotoxicity following exposure to well‐known aneugens and clastogens. This work demonstrates a fully automated method for performing the in vitro micronucleus assay on the ISX imaging flow cytometry platform. © 2018 The Author. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Collapse
|
17
|
Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC, Fenech MF. The potential for complete automated scoring of the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay using imaging flow cytometry. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:53-64. [PMID: 30389163 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lymphocyte Cytokinesis-Block Micronucleus (CBMN) assay was originally developed for the measurement of micronuclei (MN) exclusively in binucleated (BN) cells, which represent the population of cells that can express MN because they completed nuclear division. Recently the assay has evolved into a comprehensive cytome method to include biomarkers that measure chromosomal instability and cytotoxicity by quantification of nuclear buds (NBUDs), nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) and apoptotic/necrotic cells. Furthermore, enumeration of mono- and polynucleated cells allows for computation of the nuclear division index (NDI) to assess mitotic activity. Typically performed by manual microscopy, the CBMN cytome assay is laborious and subject to scorer bias and fatigue, leading to inter- and intra-scorer variability. Automated microscopy and conventional flow cytometry methods have been developed to automate scoring of the traditional and cytome versions of the assay. However, these methods have several limitations including the requirement to create high-quality microscope slides, lack of staining consistency and sub-optimal nuclear/cytoplasmic visualization. In the case of flow cytometry, stripping of the cytoplasmic membrane makes it impossible to measure MN in BN cells, calculate the NDI or to quantify apoptotic or necrotic cells. Moreover, the absence of cellular visualization using conventional flow cytometry, makes it impossible to quantify NBUDs and NPBs. In this review, we propose that imaging flow cytometry (IFC), which combines high resolution microscopy with flow cytometry, may overcome these limitations. We demonstrate that by using IFC, images from cells in suspension can be captured, removing the need for microscope slides and allowing visualization of intact cytoplasmic membranes and DNA content. Thus, mono-, bi- and polynucleated cells with and without MN can be rapidly and automatically identified and quantified. Finally, we present high-resolution cell images containing NBUDs and NPBs, illustrating that IFC possesses the potential for completely automated scoring of all components of the CBMN cytome assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 1C1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Repin M, Pampou S, Karan C, Brenner DJ, Garty G. RABiT-II: Implementation of a High-Throughput Micronucleus Biodosimetry Assay on Commercial Biotech Robotic Systems. Radiat Res 2017; 187:492-498. [PMID: 28231025 DOI: 10.1667/rr011cc.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of high-throughput biodosimetry platforms based on commercial high-throughput/high-content screening robotic systems. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay, using only 20 μl whole blood from a fingerstick, was implemented on a PerkinElmer cell::explorer and General Electric IN Cell Analyzer 2000. On average 500 binucleated cells per sample were detected by our FluorQuantMN software. A calibration curve was generated in the radiation dose range up to 5.0 Gy using the data from 8 donors and 48,083 binucleated cells in total. The study described here demonstrates that high-throughput radiation biodosimetry is practical using current commercial high-throughput/high-content screening robotic systems, which can be readily programmed to perform and analyze robotics-optimized cytogenetic assays. Application to other commercial high-throughput/high-content screening systems beyond the ones used in this study is clearly practical. This approach will allow much wider access to high-throughput biodosimetric screening for large-scale radiological incidents than is currently available.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sergey Pampou
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | - Charles Karan
- b Columbia Genome Center High-Throughput Screening facility, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032
| | | | - Guy Garty
- a Center for Radiological Research and
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wilkins RC, Rodrigues MA, Beaton-Green LA. The Application of Imaging Flow Cytometry to High-Throughput Biodosimetry. Genome Integr 2017; 8:7. [PMID: 28250914 PMCID: PMC5320785 DOI: 10.4103/2041-9414.198912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry methods, including the dicentric chromosome assay, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and the γH2AX marker of DNA damage are used to determine the dose of ionizing radiation. These techniques are particularly useful when physical dosimetry is absent or questioned. While these assays can be very sensitive and specific, the standard methods need to be adapted to increase sample throughput in the case of a large-scale radiological/nuclear event. Recent modifications to the microscope-based assays have resulted in some increased throughput, and a number of biodosimetry networks have been, and continue to be, established and strengthened. As the imaging flow cytometer (IFC) is a technology that can automatically image and analyze processed blood samples for markers of radiation damage, the microscope-based biodosimetry techniques can be modified for the IFC for high-throughput biological dosimetry. Furthermore, the analysis templates can be easily shared between networked biodosimetry laboratories for increased capacity and improved standardization. This review describes recent advances in IFC methodology and their application to biodosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C. Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lindsay A. Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation and Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Rodrigues MA, Probst CE, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC. THE EFFECT OF AN OPTIMIZED IMAGING FLOW CYTOMETRY ANALYSIS TEMPLATE ON SAMPLE THROUGHPUT IN THE REDUCED CULTURE CYTOKINESIS-BLOCK MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:223-229. [PMID: 27421474 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In cases of overexposure to ionizing radiation, the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay can be performed in order to estimate the dose of radiation to an exposed individual. However, in the event of a large-scale radiation accident with many potentially exposed casualties, the assay must be able to generate accurate dose estimates to within ±0.5 Gy as quickly as possible. The assay has been adapted to, validated and optimized on the ImageStreamX imaging flow cytometer. The ease of running this automated version of the CBMN assay allowed investigation into the accuracy of dose estimates after reducing the volume of whole blood cultured to 200 µl and reducing the culture time to 48 h. The data analysis template used to identify binucleated lymphocyte cells (BNCs) and micronuclei (MN) has since been optimized to improve the sensitivity and specificity of BNC and MN detection. This paper presents a re-analysis of existing data using this optimized analysis template to demonstrate that dose estimations from blinded samples can be obtained to the same level of accuracy in a shorter data collection time. Here, we show that dose estimates from blinded samples were obtained to within ±0.5 Gy of the delivered dose when data collection time was reduced by 30 min at standard culture conditions and by 15 min at reduced culture conditions. Reducing data collection time while retaining the same level of accuracy in our imaging flow cytometry-based version of the CBMN assay results in higher throughput and further increases the relevancy of the CBMN assay as a radiation biodosimeter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodrigues
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - C E Probst
- Amnis, a part of MilliporeSigma, 645 Elliott Avenue West, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98119, USA
| | - L A Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - R C Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wilkins RC, Carr Z, Lloyd DC. An update of the WHO Biodosenet: Developments since its Inception. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 172:47-57. [PMID: 27421473 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In 2007 the World Health Organization established an international network of biodosimetry laboratories, the BioDoseNet. The goal of this network was to support international cooperation and capacity building in the area of biodosimetry around the world, including harmonisation of protocols and techniques to enable them to provide mutual assistance during a mass casualty event. In order to assess the progress and success of this network, the results of the second survey conducted in 2015 that assessed the capabilities and capacities of the members of the network, were compared to the similar first survey conducted in 2009. The results of the survey offer a unique cross-section of the global status of biodosimetry capacity and demonstrate how the BioDoseNet has brought together laboratories from around the world and strengthened the international capacity for biodosimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Z Carr
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D C Lloyd
- Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Badie C, Hess J, Zitzelsberger H, Kulka U. Established and Emerging Biomarkers of Radiation Exposure. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:619-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
23
|
McFarlin BK, Gary MA. Flow cytometry what you see matters: Enhanced clinical detection using image-based flow cytometry. Methods 2016; 112:1-8. [PMID: 27620330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Image-based flow cytometry combines the throughput of traditional flow cytometry with the ability to visually confirm findings and collect novel data that would not be possible otherwise. Since image-based flow cytometry borrows measurement parameters and analysis techniques from microscopy, it is possible to collect unique measures (i.e. nuclear translocation, co-localization, cellular synapse, cellular endocytosis, etc.) that would not be possible with traditional flow cytometry. The ability to collect unique outcomes has led many researchers to develop novel assays for the monitoring and detection of a variety of clinical conditions and diseases. In many cases, investigators have innovated and expanded classical assays to provide new insight regarding clinical conditions and chronic disease. Beyond human clinical applications, image-based flow cytometry has been used to monitor marine biology changes, nano-particles for solar cell production, and particle quality in pharmaceuticals. This review article summarizes work from the major scientists working in the field of image-based flow cytometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K McFarlin
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States; University of North Texas, Department of Biological Sciences, United States.
| | - Melody A Gary
- University of North Texas, Applied Physiology Laboratory, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Depuydt J, Baeyens A, Barnard S, Beinke C, Benedek A, Beukes P, Buraczewska I, Darroudi F, De Sanctis S, Dominguez I, Monteiro Gil O, Hadjidekova V, Kis E, Kulka U, Lista F, Lumniczky K, M’kacher R, Moquet J, Obreja D, Oestreicher U, Pajic J, Pastor N, Popova L, Regalbuto E, Ricoul M, Sabatier L, Slabbert J, Sommer S, Testa A, Thierens H, Wojcik A, Vral A. RENEB intercomparison exercises analyzing micronuclei (Cytokinesis-block Micronucleus Assay). Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 93:36-47. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1206231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Depuydt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Ans Baeyens
- National Research Foundation (NRF) iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Christina Beinke
- Bundeswehr Institut für Radiobiology, Universität Ulm, Munich, Germany
| | - Anett Benedek
- National Public Health Centre – National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philip Beukes
- National Research Foundation (NRF) iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Octávia Monteiro Gil
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela-LRS, Portugal
| | | | - Enikő Kis
- National Public Health Centre – National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Bundesamt für Strahlenschutz, Department Radiation Protection and Health, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Florigio Lista
- Army Medical and Veterinary Research Center, Rome, Italy
| | - Katalin Lumniczky
- National Public Health Centre – National Research Directorate for Radiobiology and Radiohygiene, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Radhia M’kacher
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Oncologie, Commissariat à l’Energy Atomique, France
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Doina Obreja
- Institutul National de Sanatate Publica, Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Ursula Oestreicher
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Jelena Pajic
- Serbian Institute of Occupational Health “Dr Dragomir Karajovic”, Radiation Protection Center, Belgrado, Serbia
| | | | - Ljubomira Popova
- National Center for Radiobiology and Radiation Protection, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Michelle Ricoul
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Oncologie, Commissariat à l’Energy Atomique, France
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et Oncologie, Commissariat à l’Energy Atomique, France
| | - Jacobus Slabbert
- National Research Foundation (NRF) iThemba LABS, Somerset West, South Africa
| | | | - Antonella Testa
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile, Rome, Italy
| | - Hubert Thierens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Andrzej Wojcik
- Institute Molecular Biosciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Vral
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Foundations of identifying individual chromosomes by imaging flow cytometry with applications in radiation biodosimetry. Methods 2016; 112:18-24. [PMID: 27524557 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry is an important tool for triage in the case of large-scale radiological or nuclear emergencies, but traditional microscope-based methods can be tedious and prone to scorer fatigue. While the dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) has been adapted for use in triage situations, it is still time-consuming to create and score slides. Recent adaptations of traditional biodosimetry assays to imaging flow cytometry (IFC) methods have dramatically increased throughput. Additionally, recent improvements in image analysis algorithms in the IFC software have resulted in improved specificity for spot counting of small events. In the IFC method for the dicentric chromosome analysis (FDCA), lymphocytes isolated from whole blood samples are cultured with PHA and Colcemid. After incubation, lymphocytes are treated with a hypotonic solution and chromosomes are isolated in suspension, labelled with a centromere marker and stained for DNA content with DRAQ5. Stained individual chromosomes are analyzed on the ImageStream®X (EMD-Millipore, Billerica, MA) and mono- and dicentric chromosome populations are identified and enumerated using advanced image processing techniques. Both the preparation of the isolated chromosome suspensions as well as the image analysis methods were fine-tuned in order to optimize the FDCA. In this paper we describe the method to identify and score centromeres in individual chromosomes by IFC and show that the FDCA method may further improve throughput for triage biodosimetry in the case of large-scale radiological or nuclear emergencies.
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodrigues MA, Probst CE, Beaton-Green LA, Wilkins RC. Optimized automated data analysis for the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry for high throughput radiation biodosimetry. Cytometry A 2016; 89:653-62. [PMID: 27272602 PMCID: PMC5089661 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay is a well-established technique that can be employed in triage radiation biodosimetry to estimate whole body doses of radiation to potentially exposed individuals through quantitation of the frequency of micronuclei (MN) in binucleated lymphocyte cells (BNCs). The assay has been partially automated using traditional microscope-based methods and most recently has been modified for application on the ImageStream(X) (IS(X) ) imaging flow cytometer. This modification has allowed for a similar number of BNCs to be automatically scored as compared to traditional microscopy in a much shorter time period. However, the MN frequency measured was much lower than both manual and automated slide-based methods of performing the assay. This work describes the optimized analysis template which implements newly developed functions in the IDEAS(®) data analysis software for the IS(X) that enhances specificity for BNCs and increases the frequency of scored MN. A new dose response calibration curve is presented in which the average rate of MN per BNC is of similar magnitude to those presented in the literature using automated CBMN slide scoring methods. In addition, dose estimates were generated for nine irradiated, blinded samples and were found to be within ±0.5 Gy of the delivered dose. Results demonstrate that the improved identification accuracy for MN and BNCs in the IS(X) -based version of the CBMN assay will translate to increased accuracy when estimating unknown radiation doses received by exposed individuals following large-scale radiological or nuclear emergencies. © 2016 The Authors. Cytometry Part A published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of ISAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Rodrigues
- Amnis - MilliporeSigma, Seattle, WA, 98119.,Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C E Probst
- Amnis - MilliporeSigma, Seattle, WA, 98119
| | - L A Beaton-Green
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - R C Wilkins
- Environmental and Radiation Health Sciences Directorate, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|