1
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Inman JL, Wu Y, Chen L, Brydon E, Ghosh D, Wan KH, De Chant J, Obst-Huebl L, Nakamura K, Ralston CY, Celniker SE, Mao JH, Zwart PH, Holman HYN, Chang H, Brown JB, Snijders AM. Long-term, non-invasive FTIR detection of low-dose ionizing radiation exposure. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6119. [PMID: 38480827 PMCID: PMC10937999 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive methods of detecting radiation exposure show promise to improve upon current approaches to biological dosimetry in ease, speed, and accuracy. Here we developed a pipeline that employs Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectrum to identify a signature of low dose ionizing radiation exposure in mouse ear pinnae over time. Mice exposed to 0.1 to 2 Gy total body irradiation were repeatedly measured by FTIR at the stratum corneum of the ear pinnae. We found significant discriminative power for all doses and time-points out to 90 days after exposure. Classification accuracy was maximized when testing 14 days after exposure (specificity > 0.9 with a sensitivity threshold of 0.9) and dropped by roughly 30% sensitivity at 90 days. Infrared frequencies point towards biological changes in DNA conformation, lipid oxidation and accumulation and shifts in protein secondary structure. Since only hundreds of samples were used to learn the highly discriminative signature, developing human-relevant diagnostic capabilities is likely feasible and this non-invasive procedure points toward rapid, non-invasive, and reagent-free biodosimetry applications at population scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Inman
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Yulun Wu
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Ella Brydon
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Dhruba Ghosh
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Kenneth H Wan
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jared De Chant
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lieselotte Obst-Huebl
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Kei Nakamura
- Accelerator Technology and Applied Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Corie Y Ralston
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Susan E Celniker
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jian-Hua Mao
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Peter H Zwart
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Hoi-Ying N Holman
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Hang Chang
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - James B Brown
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
- Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Antoine M Snijders
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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2
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Ramadhani D, Tetriana D, Purnami S, Suvifan VA, Kurnia Hasan Basri I, Kisnanto T, Oktariyani TA, Syafira D, Yunus MY, Miura T, Syaifudin M, Widowati R. γ-H2AX and phospho-ATM enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays as biodosimetry methods for radiation exposure assessment: a pilot study. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:2383-2390. [PMID: 37712393 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
In the event of a radiological incident, a fast and accurate biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) method for evaluating people who have been potentially exposed to ionising radiation is crucial. Among the many biodosimetry methods available, the immunodetection of phosphorylated H2AX (γ-H2AX) stands as a promising method to be used in the triage of patients exposed to radiation. Currently, the most common way to measure γ-H2AX levels is through fluorescence microscopy. In this pilot study, we assessed the feasibility of using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantifying γ-H2AX for biodosimetry purposes. Moreover, the usefulness of measuring phosphorylated ATM (pATM) levels through ELISA for biodosimetry was also evaluated. Blood samples were obtained from three male donors (38 y) and were irradiated with 60Co (0, 1, 2 and 6 Gy). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and lysed before measuring γ-H2AX, total H2AX protein and pATM using ELISA kits. The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) using whole blood was also performed for comparison. Data from all donors at each dose were pooled before statistical analysis. The ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX and pATM levels increased in a radiation-dose-dependent manner. The average γ-H2AX/total H2AX ratios were 0.816 ± 0.219, 0.830 ± 0.685, 1.276 ± 1.151 and 1.606 ± 1.098, whereas the average levels of pATM were 59.359 ± 3.740, 63.366 ± 0.840, 66.273 ± 2.603 and 69.936 ± 4.439, in PBMCs exposed to 0, 1, 2 and 6 Gy, respectively. The linear-quadratic dose-response calibration curve for DCA was Y = 0.0017 (±0.0010) + 0.0251 (±0.0142) × D + 0.0342 (±0.0039) × D2 $\boldsymbol{Y}=\mathbf{0.0017}\left(\pm \mathbf{0.0010}\right)+\mathbf{0.0208}\left(\pm \mathbf{0.0218}\right)\times \boldsymbol{D}+\mathbf{0.0350}\left(\pm \mathbf{0.0050}\right)\times{\boldsymbol{D}}^{\mathbf{2}}$. Overall, despite a large variability in the ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX among donors, the present study revealed the suitability of using the ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX and pATM for biodosimetry. Still, more research with a larger group of subjects is necessary to construct a reliable calibration curve for the ratio of γ-H2AX/total H2AX and pATM levels for biodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwi Ramadhani
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Devita Tetriana
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Research Center for Safety, Metrology and Nuclear Quality Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Viria Agesti Suvifan
- Directorate of Strengthening and Partnership of Research and Innovation Infrastructure, Deputy for Research and Innovation Infrastructure, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jl. M.H.Thamrin No.8, Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Iin Kurnia Hasan Basri
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Teja Kisnanto
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Tiara Andalya Oktariyani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Azhar University of Indonesia, Komplek Masjid Agung Al Azhar Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta Selatan, Kebayoran Baru 12110, Indonesia
| | - Dira Syafira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Al-Azhar University of Indonesia, Komplek Masjid Agung Al Azhar Jl. Sisingamangaraja, Jakarta Selatan, Kebayoran Baru 12110, Indonesia
| | - Muhamad Yasin Yunus
- Research Center for Radiation Process Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Tomisato Miura
- Institute of Radiation Emergency Medicine, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori 036-8564, Japan
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Research Center for Radioisotope, Radiopharmaceutical and Biodosimetry Technology, Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung 720 KST. BJ. Habibie, Jl. Raya Puspiptek 60, Tangerang Selatan, Banten 15310, Indonesia
| | - Retno Widowati
- Department of Biology, Universitas Nasional, Jl. Sawo Manila, Pejaten Ps. Minggu, Jakarta Selatan 12520, Indonesia
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Wilkins RC, Beaton-Green LA. Development of high-throughput systems for biodosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1477-1484. [PMID: 37721060 PMCID: PMC10720693 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Biomarkers for ionising radiation exposure have great utility in scenarios where there has been a potential exposure and physical dosimetry is missing or in dispute, such as for occupational and accidental exposures. Biomarkers that respond as a function of dose are particularly useful as biodosemeters to determine the dose of radiation to which an individual has been exposed. These dose measurements can also be used in medical scenarios to track doses from medical exposures and even have the potential to identify an individual's response to radiation exposure that could help tailor treatments. The measurement of biomarkers of exposure in medicine and for accidents, where a larger number of samples would be required, is limited by the throughput of analysis (i.e. the number of samples that could be processed and analysed), particularly for microscope-based methods, which tend to be labour-intensive. Rapid analysis in an emergency scenario, such as a large-scale accident, would provide dose estimates to medical practitioners, allowing timely administration of the appropriate medical countermeasures to help mitigate the effects of radiation exposure. In order to improve sample throughput for biomarker analysis, much effort has been devoted to automating the process from sample preparation through automated image analysis. This paper will focus mainly on biological endpoints traditionally analysed by microscopy, specifically dicentric chromosomes, micronuclei and gamma-H2AX. These endpoints provide examples where sample throughput has been improved through automated image acquisition, analysis of images acquired by microscopy, as well as methods that have been developed for analysis using imaging flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth C Wilkins
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
| | - Lindsay A Beaton-Green
- Consumer and Clinical Radiation Protection Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa K1A 1C1, Canada
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Swartz HM, Flood AB. EPR biodosimetry: challenges and opportunities. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1441-1449. [PMID: 37721062 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
This paper briefly examines electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques to measure dose from exposure to external radiation, assessing their current status, potential future uses and the challenges impacting their progress. We conclude the uses and potential value of different EPR techniques depend on the number of victims and whether they characterize short- or long-term risks from exposure. For large populations, EPR biodosimetry based on in vivo measurements or using co-located inanimate objects offer the greatest promise for assessing acute, life-threatening risk and the magnitude and extent of such risk. To assess long-term risk, ex vivo EPR methods using concentrated enamel from exfoliated teeth are most impactful. For small groups, ex vivo EPR biodosimetry based on available samples of teeth, nails and/or bones are most useful. The most important challenges are common to all approaches: improve the technique's technical capabilities and advance recognition by planning groups of the relative strengths EPR techniques offer for each population size. The most useful applications are likely to be for triage and medical guidance in large events and for radiation epidemiology to evaluate long-term risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Swartz
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
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5
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Flood AB, Sidabras JW, Swarts SG, Buehler PW, Schreiber W, Grinberg O, Swartz HM. Benefits and challenges of in vivo EPR nail biodosimetry in a second tier of medical triage in response to a large radiation event. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1539-1550. [PMID: 37721065 PMCID: PMC10505939 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Following large-scale radiation events, an overwhelming number of people will potentially need mitigators or treatment for radiation-induced injuries. This necessitates having methods to triage people based on their dose and its likely distribution, so life-saving treatment is directed only to people who can benefit from such care. Using estimates of victims following an improvised nuclear device striking a major city, we illustrate a two-tier approach to triage. At the second tier, after first removing most who would not benefit from care, biodosimetry should provide accurate dose estimates and determine whether the dose was heterogeneous. We illustrate the value of using in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance nail biodosimetry to rapidly assess dose and determine its heterogeneity using independent measurements of nails from the hands and feet. Having previously established its feasibility, we review the benefits and challenges of potential improvements of this method that would make it particularly suitable for tier 2 triage. Improvements, guided by a user-centered approach to design and development, include expanding its capability to make simultaneous, independent measurements and improving its precision and universality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Barry Flood
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
| | - Jason W Sidabras
- Department of Biophysics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Steven G Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Paul W Buehler
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Harold M Swartz
- Radiology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH, USA
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6
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Swarts SG, Flood AB, Swartz HM. Implications of "flash" radiotherapy for biodosimetry. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1450-1459. [PMID: 37721059 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Extremely high dose rate radiation delivery (FLASH) for cancer treatment has been shown to produce less damage to normal tissues while having the same radiotoxic effect on tumor tissue (referred to as the FLASH effect). Research on the FLASH effect has two very pertinent implications for the field of biodosimetry: (1) FLASH is a good model to simulate delivery of prompt radiation from the initial moments after detonating a nuclear weapon and (2) the FLASH effect elucidates how dose rate impacts the biological mechanisms that underlie most types of biological biodosimetry. The impact of dose rate will likely differ for different types of biodosimetry, depending on the specific underlying mechanisms. The greatest impact of FLASH effects is likely to occur for assays based on biological responses to radiation damage, but the consequences of differential effects of dose rates on the accuracy of dose estimates has not been taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Swarts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH 03769, United States
| | - Harold M Swartz
- Department of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
- Clin-EPR, LLC, Lyme, NH 03769, United States
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Lamkowski A, Combs SE, Abend M, Port M. Training of clinical triage of acute radiation casualties: a performance comparison of on-siteversus onlinetraining due to the covid-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2021; 41:S540-S560. [PMID: 34256358 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/ac13c2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A collection of powerful diagnostic tools have been developed under the umbrellas of NATO for ionising radiation dose assessment (BAT, WinFRAT) and estimate of acute health effects in humans (WinFRAT, H-Module). We assembled a database of 191 ARS cases using the medical treatment protocols for radiation accident victims (n= 167) and the system for evaluation and archiving of radiation accidents based on case histories (n= 24) for training purposes of medical personnel. From 2016 to 2019, we trained 39 participants comprising MSc level radiobiology students in an on-site teaching class. Enforced by the covid-19 pandemic in 2020 for the first time, an online teaching of nine MSc radiobiology students replaced the on-site teaching. We found that: (a) limitations of correct diagnostic decision-making based on clinical signs and symptoms were experienced unrelated to the teaching format. (b) A significant performance decrease concerning online (first number in parenthesis) versus on-site teaching (reference and second number in parenthesis) was seen regarding the estimate time (31 vs 61 cases per hour, two-fold decrease,p= 0.005). Also, the accurate assessment of response categories (89.9% vs 96.9%,p= 0.001), ARS (92.4% vs 96.7%,p= 0.002) and hospitalisation (93.5% vs 97.0%,p= 0.002) decreased by around 3%-7%. The performances of the online attendees were mainly distributed within the lower quartile performance of on-site participants and the 25%-75% interquartile range increased 3-7-fold. (c) Comparison of dose estimates performed by training participants with hematologic acute radiation syndrome (HARS) severity mirrored the known limitations of dose alone as a surrogate parameter for HARS severity at doses less than 1.5 Gy, but demonstrated correct determination of HARS 2-4 and support for clinical decision making at dose estimates >1.5 Gy, regardless of teaching format. (d) Overall, one-third of the online participants showed substantial misapprehension and insecurities of elementary course content that did not occur after the on-site teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lamkowski
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich 80937, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences (DRS), Helmholtz Zentrum München (HMGU), Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich 80937, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology affiliated to the University Ulm, Neuherbergstrasse 11, Munich 80937, Germany
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Ainsbury EA, Moquet J, Sun M, Barnard S, Ellender M, Lloyd D. The future of biological dosimetry in mass casualty radiation emergency response, personalized radiation risk estimation and space radiation protection. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:421-427. [PMID: 34515621 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1980629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this brief personal, high level review is to consider the state of the art for biological dosimetry for radiation routine and emergency response, and the potential future progress in this fascinating and active field. Four areas in which biomarkers may contribute to scientific advancement through improved dose and exposure characterization, as well as potential contributions to personalized risk estimation, are considered: emergency dosimetry, molecular epidemiology, personalized medical dosimetry, and space travel. CONCLUSION Ionizing radiation biodosimetry is an exciting field which will continue to benefit from active networking and collaboration with the wider fields of radiation research and radiation emergency response to ensure effective, joined up approaches to triage; radiation epidemiology to assess long term, low dose, radiation risk; radiation protection of workers, optimization and justification of radiation for diagnosis or treatment of patients in clinical uses, and protection of individuals traveling to space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Ainsbury
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK.,Environmental Research Group within the School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jayne Moquet
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Mingzhu Sun
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Stephen Barnard
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - Michele Ellender
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
| | - David Lloyd
- Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Chilton, UK
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The design of X-band EPR cavity with narrow detection aperture for in vivo fingernail dosimetry after accidental exposure to ionizing radiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2883. [PMID: 33558592 PMCID: PMC7870891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For the purpose of assessing the radiation dose of the victims involved in the nuclear emergency or radiation accident, a new type of X-band EPR resonant cavity for in vivo fingernail EPR dosimetry was designed and a homemade EPR spectrometer for in vivo fingernail detection was constructed. The microwave resonant mode of the cavity was rectangular TE101, and there was a narrow aperture for fingernail detection opened on the cavity’s wall at the position of high detection sensitivity. The DPPH dot sample and the fingernail samples were measured based on the in vivo fingernail EPR spectrometer. The measurements of the DPPH dot sample verified the preliminary functional applicable of the EPR spectrometer and illustrated the microwave power and modulation response features. The fingernails after irradiation by gamma-ray were measured and the radiation-induced signal was acquired. The results indicated that the cavity and the in vivo EPR dosimeter instrument was able to detect the radiation-induced signal in irradiated fingernail, and preliminarily verified the basic function of the instrument and its potential for emergency dose estimate after a radiation accident.
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Gonzales C, Hirota S, Taño J, Yasuda H. Investigation of the dose-response in multiple irradiated fingernails and the combined effect of drying time-temperature to the ESR signal. RADIAT MEAS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radmeas.2020.106337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Swartz HM, Flood AB, Singh VK, Swarts SG. Scientific and Logistical Considerations When Screening for Radiation Risks by Using Biodosimetry Based on Biological Effects of Radiation Rather than Dose: The Need for Prior Measurements of Homogeneity and Distribution of Dose. HEALTH PHYSICS 2020; 119:72-82. [PMID: 32175928 PMCID: PMC7269859 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An effective medical response to a large-scale radiation event requires prompt and effective initial triage so that appropriate care can be provided to individuals with significant risk for severe acute radiation injury. Arguably, it would be advantageous to use injury rather than radiation dose for the initial assessment; i.e., use bioassays of biological damage. Such assays would be based on changes in intrinsic biological response elements; e.g., up- or down-regulation of genes, proteins, metabolites, blood cell counts, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, micro-RNA, cytokines, or transcriptomes. Using a framework to evaluate the feasibility of biodosimetry for triaging up to a million people in less than a week following a major radiation event, Part 1 analyzes the logistical feasibility and clinical needs for ensuring that biomarkers of organ-specific injury could be effectively used in this context. We conclude that the decision to use biomarkers of organ-specific injury would greatly benefit by first having independent knowledge of whether the person's exposure was heterogeneous and, if so, what was the dose distribution (to determine which organs were exposed to high doses). In Part 2, we describe how these two essential needs for prior information (heterogeneity and dose distribution) could be obtained by using in vivo nail dosimetry. This novel physical biodosimetry method can also meet the needs for initial triage, providing non-invasive, point-of-care measurements made by non-experts with immediate dose estimates for four separate anatomical sites. Additionally, it uniquely provides immediate information as to whether the exposure was homogeneous and, if not, it can estimate the dose distribution. We conclude that combining the capability of methods such as in vivo EPR nail dosimetry with bioassays to predict organ-specific damage would allow effective use of medical resources to save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M. Swartz
- Dept of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
- Dept of Medicine/Radiation Oncology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Ann Barry Flood
- Dept of Radiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH USA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Dept. Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Steven G. Swarts
- Dept of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Shuryak I, Turner HC, Perrier JR, Cunha L, Canadell MP, Durrani MH, Harken A, Bertucci A, Taveras M, Garty G, Brenner DJ. A High Throughput Approach to Reconstruct Partial-Body and Neutron Radiation Exposures on an Individual Basis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2899. [PMID: 32076014 PMCID: PMC7031285 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59695-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodosimetry-based individualized reconstruction of complex irradiation scenarios (partial-body shielding and/or neutron + photon mixtures) can improve treatment decisions after mass-casualty radiation-related incidents. We used a high-throughput micronucleus assay with automated scanning and imaging software on ex-vivo irradiated human lymphocytes to: a) reconstruct partial-body and/or neutron exposure, and b) estimate separately the photon and neutron doses in a mixed exposure. The mechanistic background is that, compared with total-body photon irradiations, neutrons produce more heavily-damaged lymphocytes with multiple micronuclei/binucleated cell, whereas partial-body exposures produce fewer such lymphocytes. To utilize these differences for biodosimetry, we developed metrics that describe micronuclei distributions in binucleated cells and serve as predictors in machine learning or parametric analyses of the following scenarios: (A) Homogeneous gamma-irradiation, mimicking total-body exposures, vs. mixtures of irradiated blood with unirradiated blood, mimicking partial-body exposures. (B) X rays vs. various neutron + photon mixtures. The results showed high accuracies of scenario and dose reconstructions. Specifically, receiver operating characteristic curve areas (AUC) for sample classification by exposure type reached 0.931 and 0.916 in scenarios A and B, respectively. R2 for actual vs. reconstructed doses in these scenarios reached 0.87 and 0.77, respectively. These encouraging findings demonstrate a proof-of-principle for the proposed approach of high-throughput reconstruction of clinically-relevant complex radiation exposure scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Shuryak
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Helen C Turner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jay R Perrier
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lydia Cunha
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Monica Pujol Canadell
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mohammad H Durrani
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew Harken
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonella Bertucci
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Taveras
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guy Garty
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David J Brenner
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Sholom S, McKeever SWS. AN ADVANCE IN EPR DOSIMETRY WITH NAILS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2019; 186:60-64. [PMID: 30806471 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncz019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Olive oil is proposed as a medium for storage of nails in the time between nail harvesting and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) measurements to minimise the decay of the radiation-induced EPR signals (RIS). The behaviours of three main EPR signals, namely, RIS, mechanically induced and the background signals (MIS and BG, respectively), were studied for storage in olive oil. The properties of the MIS and BG signals were very similar to those previously observed for the storage in a vacuum. The RIS singlet slightly increased during the first day of storage and then remained practically unchanged at least for 6 days. Dose recovery test revealed that doses at the level 2 Gy may be reconstructed with an accuracy of about ±20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sholom
- Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - S W S McKeever
- Radiation Dosimetry Laboratory, Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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