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Lin TY, Lai YF, Chien WC, Chen YH, Chung CH, Chen JT, Chen CL. Impact of Endophthalmitis on the Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients: A Population-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12031211. [PMID: 36769859 PMCID: PMC9918242 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients. Nevertheless, the influence of an endophthalmitis episode toward the future risks of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in AS patients has been unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of endophthalmitis on AMI risk in this particular patient population by a population-based retrospective cohort study with a follow-up period up to 16 years. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used for the risk evaluation and the results were presented as crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs). Overall, we enrolled 557 AS patients with endophthalmitis as the study cohort and selected another 2228 matched AS patients without endophthalmitis as the comparison cohort. Comparing the comparison cohort, the study cohort showed a significantly higher overall AMI incidence rate with an adjusted HR of 1.631 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, endophthalmitis increased the risk of AMI in AS patients after adjusting for possible clinical confounders. Special attention and work-up are required for physicians when encountering a history of endophthalmitis in these special patient populations, especially when they are comorbid with other potential CV risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-953-665-793; Fax: +886-8792-7164
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Zhai B, Xie S, Peng J, Qiu Y, Liu Y, Zhu X, He J, Zhang J. Glycosylation Analysis of Feline Small Intestine Following Toxoplasma gondii Infection. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202858. [PMID: 36290246 PMCID: PMC9597833 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Toxoplasma gondii has a serious impact on public health and the economic development of animal husbandry. Glycosylation, especially N-glycosylation, the pattern modification of proteins, is closely related to the biological functions of proteins, and our study used it to analyze glycosylation alterations in the small intestine of cats infected with T. gondii. The results of the present study showed that 56 glycosylated peptides were upregulated and 37 glycosylated peptides were downregulated. Additionally, we also identified eight N-glycosylated proteins of T. gondii including eight N-glycopeptides and eight N-glycosylation sites. Moreover, the protein eEF2 and its corresponding peptide sequence were identified, with GO terms (i.e., cellular process and metabolic process, cell and cell part, and catalytic activity) that were significantly enriched in the T. gondii MAPK pathway. In addition, the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) function prediction results showed that posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones (11%) had the highest enrichment for T. gondii. The host proteins ICAM-1 and PPT1 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway may play an important role in the glycosylation of T. gondii-infected hosts. Our study may provide a new target for T. gondii detection to prevent the spread of T. gondii oocysts in the future. Abstract Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is responsible for severe human and livestock diseases, huge economic losses, and adversely affects the health of the public and the development of animal husbandry. Glycosylation is a common posttranslational modification of proteins in eukaryotes, and N-glycosylation is closely related to the biological functions of proteins. However, glycosylation alterations in the feline small intestine following T. gondii infection have not been reported. In this study, the experimental group was intragastrically challenged with 600 brain cysts of the Prugniuad (Pru) strain that were collected from infected mice. The cats’ intestinal epithelial tissues were harvested at 10 days post-infection and then sent for protein glycosylation analysis. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used to analyze the glycosylation alterations in the small intestine of cats infected with T. gondii. The results of the present study showed that 56 glycosylated peptides were upregulated and 37 glycosylated peptides were downregulated in the feline small intestine infected by T. gondii. Additionally, we also identified eight N-glycosylated proteins of T. gondii including eight N-glycopeptides and eight N-glycosylation sites. The protein A0A086JND6_TOXGO (eEF2) and its corresponding peptide sequence were identified in T. gondii infection. Some special GO terms (i.e., cellular process and metabolic process, cell and cell part, and catalytic activity) were significantly enriched, and the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) function prediction results showed that posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones (11%) had the highest enrichment for T. gondii. Interestingly, eEF2, a protein of T. gondii, is also involved in the significantly enriched T. gondii MAPK pathway. The host proteins ICAM-1 and PPT1 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway may play an important role in the glycosylation of Toxoplasma-infected hosts. This is the first report showing that T. gondii oocysts can undergo N-glycosylation in the definitive host and that eEF2 is involved, which may provide a new target for T. gondii detection to prevent the spread of T. gondii oocysts in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Shichen Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanhua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang 712100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xingquan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Research Center for Parasites & Vectors, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Junjun He
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (J.Z.)
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Ardura MI, Montoya JG, Dyner L, Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG. Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults and Severe Toxoplasmosis: Similar Clinical Presentations, Potentially Severe Outcomes. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac198. [PMID: 35794941 PMCID: PMC9251652 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
We report a case of a 21-year-old previously healthy male who developed severe toxoplasmosis with chorioretinitis and myositis two months after receiving corticosteroids for presumed multisystem inflammatory syndrome of adults (MIS-A), in the setting of a recently acquired acute Toxoplasma infection, likely acquired during a trip to Latin America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica I. Ardura
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases & Host Defense Program, Nationwide Children’s Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose G. Montoya
- Dr. Jack S. Remington Laboratory for Specialty Diagnostics, National Reference Center for the Study and Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - LauraLe Dyner
- Department of Medical Affairs, Karius Inc, Redwood City, California, USA
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Lin TY, Lai YF, Chien WC, Chen YH, Sun CA, Chung CH, Chen JT, Chen CL. Association Between Endophthalmitis and the Incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study. Front Immunol 2022; 13:843796. [PMID: 35401539 PMCID: PMC8990883 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the influence of infectious insults, such as endophthalmitis, on the risk of ACS among AS patients has not been studied yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between endophthalmitis in patients with AS and the incidence of ACS. Methods This retrospective cohort study extracted medical records from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. The primary outcome was the incidence of ACS. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses with and without Fine and Gray’s competing risk model and Kaplan–Meier survival curve were used for the analyses. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was performed for sensitivity analysis. Results We identified 530 AS patients with endophthalmitis and 2,120 AS patients without endophthalmitis for comparison. The incidence rate of endophthalmitis in our study population was 2.66%. The overall incidence rate of ACS was 1,595.96 per 100,000 person-years in AS patients with endophthalmitis and 953.96 per 100,000 person-years in AS patients without endophthalmitis (adjusted HR = 1.787; 95% CI: 1.594–2.104, p < 0.001). In comparison to those without comorbidities, higher adjusted HRs were found in AS patients with endophthalmitis and comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cerebrovascular accident, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and coronary artery disease. Besides, the age ≥ 60 years revealed a high risk for ACS in AS patients with endophthalmitis. Conclusion Endophthalmitis was found to be an independent risk factor for ACS in patients with AS. Further clinical studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and status of systemic inflammation during endophthalmitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fen Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wu-Chien Chien
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-An Sun
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Big Data Research Center, College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiang Chung
- School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Torng Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Long Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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