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Gantz L, Weissman BA, Ifrah R. Complications and compliance in professionally-managed and self-managed contact lenses compared with non-contact lens wearers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308538. [PMID: 39240979 PMCID: PMC11379192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the impact of professional management of soft contact lens wear on symptoms and ocular complications. METHODS Subjective symptoms and ocular complications of soft CL users who did not seek professional follow-up care (self-managed, SM), were compared to users who were prescribed CLs and their care professionally managed in optometry practices (PM), and to a control group of non-CL wearers. Habitual visual acuity, subjective dry-eye symptoms, and corneal abnormalities were assessed in all participants. CL wearers filled-out a usage habits questionnaire, and their CL fit was assessed. Outcomes were compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Chi Squared tests. RESULTS The SM, PM, and non-CL wearers cohorts included 127 (mean age:24.3±5.1, median:23, range:16-45 years,104 female), 132 (mean age:25.5±6.2, median:23, range:18-43 years,103 female), and 56 (mean age:22.3±3.5, median:21, range:18-39 years,36 female) participants, respectively. Meibomian gland dysfunction grade (p = 0.004, p<0.0001), limbal redness (both p = 0.04), corneal neovascularization (both p = 0.003), and papillary conjunctivitis (p<0.0001,p = 0.005) were significantly worse in SM CL wearers compared with both the non-CL wearers and PM CL wearers, respectively. Conjunctival staining was significantly worse in the SM cohort compared with the PM cohort (p = 0.01). 38.6% of the SM compared with 22.8% of the PM CL wearers, had an inappropriate refractive correction (p = 0.006). SM CL wearers wore CLs significantly more years (mean and median 1 year,p = 0.008), for more daily hours (mean and median of 2 hours,p<0.00001), and tended to nap or sleep with their CLs compared with the PM CL wearers (47 vs. 29,p = 0.02). The cohorts did not differ in their subjective symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Complications are significantly more prevalent in SM CL wearers compared with PM CL wearers, and SM CL wearers tend to wear CLs with incorrect powers, and are less compliant with napping or sleeping with the CLs compared with PM CL wearers. These findings emphasize the importance of fitting, patient education and follow-ups in CL wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Gantz
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, ISRAEL
| | - Barry A Weissman
- Southern California College of Optometry at Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States of America
- Stein Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Reut Ifrah
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, ISRAEL
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Han E, Rhee MK. Unregulated Decorative Lenses: A Brief Definitive Review. Cornea 2024:00003226-990000000-00509. [PMID: 38456820 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Contact lenses are US Food and Drug Administration-regulated medical devices that are a safe and effective method for the correction of refractive error. They are worn by an estimated 45 million Americans. Decorative contact lenses (DCLs) can be used for patients with medical conditions such as failed corneas or aniridia. However, DCLs have also gained popularity in the young, contact lens-naïve population. DCL users often buy lenses through unregulated sources without a clinical examination and education on proper use by an eye care professional. These lenses have a significantly higher risk of infection when compared with contact lenses for the correction of refractive error. To reduce the incidence of microbial keratitis, regulators and eye care professionals must make coordinated efforts to generate and disseminate prevention messages to all contact lens users. In addition, physician and patient reporting of contact lens-related complications to regulatory agencies enhances the pathway to risk reduction. This article reviews DCL use and supply, with a specific focus on the increased risk of contact lens-related complications in unsupervised DCL use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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Ifrah R, Quevedo L, Hazrati G, Maman S, Mangisto H, Shmuel E, Gantz L. Contact lens wear and follow-up and its association with signs and symptoms of meibomian gland dysfunction. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:153-167. [PMID: 37962295 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study investigated the equivocal association between contact lens (CL) wear and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by comparing the morphological, functional and subjective outcomes of CL wearers versus control, non-CL wearers. CL wearers were examined as two cohorts based on the annual attendance of follow-up visits (FLU-attended these visits, whereas non-FLU did not). METHODS Habitual logMAR visual acuity, invasive and non-invasive tear break-up time, Schirmer test, Efron grading scales, meibum quality score (MQS), meibum expressibility score (MES), meibomian gland (MG) loss, lid margin abnormalities and subjective dry eye (DE) symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Of the 128 participants, 31 were in the FLU cohort, 43 were in the non-FLU cohort and 54 were controls (mean ages: 22.2 ± 3.1, 23.0 ± 4.6 and 22.3 ± 3.5, respectively). Non-FLU CL wearers had more symptoms than controls (3.7 ± 2.4 vs. 2.3 ± 2.1, p < 0.01). Morphologically, FLU (16.9 ± 8.8%, p = 0.02) and non-FLU (18.6 ± 11.3%, p = 0.001) had more MG loss than controls (11.2 ± 6.8%). Functionally, FLU (0.6 ± 0.7, p = 0.01) and non-FLU (0.8 ± 0.9, p = 0.001) had worse MES than controls (0.2 ± 0.5). FLU and non-FLU were both associated with corneal staining (odds ratio [OR] = 3.42, 95% CI: 1.16-10.11, p = 0.03 and OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.89-14.48, p = 0.001, respectively) and MG loss (OR = 10.47, 95% CI: 1.14-96.29, p = 0.04 and OR = 16.63, 95% CI: 1.96-140.86, p = 0.01, respectively). Non-FLU CL wear was also associated with abnormal MQS (OR = 12.87, 95% CI: 1.12-148.41, p = 0.04), conjunctival staining (OR = 12.18, 95% CI: 3.66-40.51, p < 0.001) and lid margin telangiectasia (OR = 3.78, 95% CI: 1.55-9.21, p = 0.003). MGD was three times more prevalent in CL wearers (12%) than in controls (4%). CONCLUSIONS Both CL-wearing cohorts demonstrated significantly more MG abnormalities than controls though the difference was not clinically significant. Non-FLU CL wearers had more DE symptoms. Non-FLU CL wear is an independent predictor for more abnormalities than FLU CL wear, emphasising the importance of follow-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Ifrah
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Lluisa Quevedo
- Faculty of Optics and Optometry, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Spain
| | - Gal Hazrati
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shiran Maman
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Huluager Mangisto
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eden Shmuel
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Liat Gantz
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Hadassah Academic College, Jerusalem, Israel
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AlSarhan RS, Abuageelah BM, Alahmadi AA, Alfaifi MH, Alghamdi KM, Alamri A. Use, Misuse, and Complications of Contact Lens Among the General Population of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e51368. [PMID: 38292944 PMCID: PMC10825379 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to assess contact lens usage patterns, complications, knowledge levels, and the impact of psychological factors on misuse among the Saudi population. METHODS In this study, we distributed our questionnaire through multiple social media platforms among patients who are using cosmetic or medical contact lenses regardless of the purpose of wearing them. A total of 1,708 contact lens users participated. RESULTS Most participants were female (86.4%) and aged 21-40 years (65.7%). The purpose for usage was cosmetic (36.1%) or medical (28.7%), with some using them for both purposes (35.1%). Complications have been faced, with 26.3% experiencing issues due to lens usage, 56.8% facing visual problems, and 45.8% sometimes feeling discomfort with contact lens usage. Allergic reactions were reported by 35.2%. Higher knowledge levels were associated with participants aged 21-40 years (p = 0.009), irregular ophthalmologist visits (p = 0.032), and cosmetic use (p = 0.027). Better practice patterns were observed among urban residents (p = 0.049), higher-income earners (p = 0.002), cosmetic users (p < 0.001), and those with fewer complications (p < 0.001). Psychological factors significantly influenced misuse, with 15.4% of participants indicating its impact. Notably, a subset of these participants (16.2%) perceived prolonged wear of contact lenses as a manifestation of personal insecurity. CONCLUSIONS Several sociodemographic factors, including place of residence, income, and difficulty, influence the use of contact lenses. It is also necessary to consider psychological issues such as low self-esteem and social acceptance while encouraging the safe use of contact lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem S AlSarhan
- College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Ahmed A Alahmadi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Umm Al-Qura University, Mecca, SAU
| | - Mona H Alfaifi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Abdulrahman Alamri
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, SAU
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Jones L, Efron N, Bandamwar K, Barnett M, Jacobs DS, Jalbert I, Pult H, Rhee MK, Sheardown H, Shovlin JP, Stahl U, Stanila A, Tan J, Tavazzi S, Ucakhan OO, Willcox MDP, Downie LE. TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of contact lenses on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:175-219. [PMID: 37149139 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Several lifestyle choices made by contact lens wearers can have adverse consequences on ocular health. These include being non-adherent to contact lens care, sleeping in lenses, ill-advised purchasing options, not seeing an eyecare professional for regular aftercare visits, wearing lenses when feeling unwell, wearing lenses too soon after various forms of ophthalmic surgery, and wearing lenses when engaged in risky behaviors (e.g., when using tobacco, alcohol or recreational drugs). Those with a pre-existing compromised ocular surface may find that contact lens wear exacerbates ocular disease morbidity. Conversely, contact lenses may have various therapeutic benefits. The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impinged upon the lifestyle of contact lens wearers, introducing challenges such as mask-associated dry eye, contact lens discomfort with increased use of digital devices, inadvertent exposure to hand sanitizers, and reduced use of lenses. Wearing contact lenses in challenging environments, such as in the presence of dust and noxious chemicals, or where there is the possibility of ocular trauma (e.g., sport or working with tools) can be problematic, although in some instances lenses can be protective. Contact lenses can be worn for sport, theatre, at high altitude, driving at night, in the military and in space, and special considerations are required when prescribing in such situations to ensure successful outcomes. A systematic review and meta-analysis, incorporated within the review, identified that the influence of lifestyle factors on soft contact lens dropout remains poorly understood, and is an area in need of further research. Overall, this report investigated lifestyle-related choices made by clinicians and contact lens wearers and discovered that when appropriate lifestyle choices are made, contact lens wear can enhance the quality of life of wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
| | - Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kalika Bandamwar
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melissa Barnett
- University of California, Davis Eye Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Deborah S Jacobs
- Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Heiko Pult
- Dr Heiko Pult Optometry & Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | | | - Heather Sheardown
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ulli Stahl
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jacqueline Tan
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Silvia Tavazzi
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Laura E Downie
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Contact lenses are a safe and effective method for correction of refractive error and worn by an estimated 45 million Americans. Because of the widespread availability and commercial popularity of contact lenses, it is not well appreciated by the public that contact lenses are U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-regulated medical devices. Contact lenses are marketed in numerous hard and soft materials that have been improved over decades, worn in daily or extended wear, and replaced in range of schedules from daily to yearly or longer. Lens materials and wear and care regimens have impact on the risks of contact lens-related corneal inflammatory events and microbial keratitis. This article reviews contact lens safety, with specific focus on the correction of refractive error in healthy eyes.
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Gone Viral: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Contact Lens-Related Videos on TikTok. Eye Contact Lens 2022; 48:479-484. [PMID: 36044821 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the content, sources, and quality of contact lens (CL)-related videos on TikTok, the fastest growing social media platform worldwide. METHODS TikTok was queried on October 25, 2021 for the top 200 posts with the hashtag "#contactlenses." Posts meeting inclusion criteria were characterized and assessed for quality with DISCERN, a validated scoring instrument for the appraisal of consumer health information (score range 1-5 with a higher score indicating a higher quality video). RESULTS The included 113 posts showed a mean quality of 1.94±0.44. Content included product displays (42%), patient experiences (23%), educational (22%), and comedy (12%). Most product displays featured decorative lenses (98%). Although videos by eye-care providers (ECPs) accounted for most educational content (52%) and showed significantly higher mean quality compared with posts by non-ECPs (2.57±0.18 vs. 1.85±0.13, P <0.001), they were a minority (12%) and showed poor overall quality. Contact lens representation was greatly skewed toward decorative lenses (74%), whereas only 3.5% of videos promoted seeing an ECP. CONCLUSIONS Poor quality and skewed representation of posts indicate that CL-related information on TikTok has serious shortcomings. These findings are particularly concerning given that most TikTok users are adolescents and young adults, the same population who tend to be decorative lens wearers and who are at increased risk of CL-related complications. Eye-care providers, professional organizations, and regulatory agencies should be urged to increase their engagement with the platform, especially regarding educational content creation and CL marketing oversight.
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Lakkis C, Lorenz KO, Mayers M. Topical Review: Contact Lens Eye Health and Safety Considerations in Government Policy Development. Optom Vis Sci 2022; 99:737-742. [PMID: 36067391 PMCID: PMC9553256 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE As new federal or state policies are introduced in the United States to shape the evolving contact lens market, it has never been more important to amplify the importance of patient health and safety during contact lens wear and promote the value of the eye care professional-patient relationship.Within the United States, contact lenses are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration as class II or III medical devices that require additional regulatory and professional oversight to keep consumers safe. The contact lens market and broader eye health landscape are rapidly changing. Recently, the U.S. Federal Trade Commission finalized its 10-year review of the Contact Lens Rule, implementing new policies that will shape the contact lens market in the United States for years to come. The purpose of this clinical perspective was to compile and review key data regarding contact lens-related adverse events, including their economic impact on the health care system, to inform government policy development. Although contact lenses provide many benefits to the wearer, a variety of complications can occur ranging from asymptomatic events or mild discomfort to severe sight-threatening adverse events such as microbial keratitis. Patients who do not routinely visit their eye care professional or do not receive the lenses prescribed to them are at a greater risk of contact lens-related adverse events. Nearly 1 million people in the United States experience ocular infections or inflammation annually, resulting in significant health care costs. The economic burden of contact lens-related microbial keratitis in the United States has been estimated to be approximately $175 million annually. The importance of eye care professional oversight of contact lens wear cannot be emphasized enough to key stakeholders, including lawmakers, government regulators, contact lens manufacturers and distributors, and the broader eye health community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Lakkis
- iBiomedical Consulting, Neptune Beach, Florida
- University of Houston College of Optometry, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Michael Mayers
- Johnson and Johnson Vision Care, Inc., Jacksonville, Florida
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Dos Santos DL, Virginio VG, Berté FK, Lorenzatto KR, Marinho DR, Kwitko S, Locatelli CI, Freitas EC, Rott MB. Clinical and molecular diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis in contact lens wearers in southern Brazil reveals the presence of an endosymbiont. Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1447-1454. [PMID: 35194678 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is an infection that is mostly observed in contact lens wearers. It is often misdiagnosed causing delays in the administration of the correct treatment. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of clinical and molecular diagnosis of AK cases during the summer of 2019 in the southern region of Brazil. Three suspected cases of AK were discovered after an ophthalmic examination at a public hospital in the city of Porto Alegre. These cases were then confirmed through laboratory diagnosis (cell culture and molecular analysis by PCR and sequencing). In each of the three clinical sample cell cultures of corneal scraping and molecular analysis confirmed the presence of Acanthamoeba spp., all belonging to the morphological group II and to the genotype T4, which is the most common genotype associated with AK. In addition, Acanthamoeba spp. isolated from one of the clinical samples was found to harbor the Candidatus Paracaedibacter acanthamoeba, a bacterial endosymbiont. The presence of Ca. Paracaedibacter acanthamoeba in clinical isolates requires further research to reveal its possible role in the pathogenicity of Acanthamoeba infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Leal Dos Santos
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Parasitology Sector, Rio Grande Do Sul Federal University, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Gomes Virginio
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Parasitology Sector, Rio Grande Do Sul Federal University, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Francisco Kercher Berté
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Parasitology Sector, Rio Grande Do Sul Federal University, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Karina Rodrigues Lorenzatto
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Parasitology Sector, Rio Grande Do Sul Federal University, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Diane Ruschel Marinho
- Cornea Department, Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, N 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Sergio Kwitko
- Cornea Department, Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, N 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Claudete Inês Locatelli
- Cornea Department, Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, N 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Correa Freitas
- Cornea Department, Ophthalmology Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre Rio Grande Do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street, N 2350, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90035-903, Brazil
| | - Marilise Brittes Rott
- Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology Department, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Parasitology Sector, Rio Grande Do Sul Federal University, Sarmento Leite Street, N 500, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande Do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil.
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Boqursain SK, Al-Hussain AS, Mubarak AAA, Al-Bujays DS, Al-Mustahi M. The attitude and awareness of contact lens use among medical students of King Faisal University, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2021; 10:3765-3771. [PMID: 34934678 PMCID: PMC8653502 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_707_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Not many studies have investigated the knowledge outcomes among medical students with regards to contact lenses (CL). Thus, in this study, we aim to assess the attitude and awareness of CL use and the associated factors among medical students of King Faisal University (KFU), Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This a cross-sectional study that based developed based on a designed questionnaire that was composed of 31 questions with a maximum score of 57 points. We have also conducted a linear regression model to explore the possible important factors that may affect the level of knowledge and awareness about contact lenses care. Results: A total of 208 participants were included in this study, with a mean age of 21.0 ± 1.9, and 56.3% (n = 117) of them being females. The total mean knowledge score in our study was 30.1 ± 7.74, which was higher in females (31.5 ± 7.09) than in male participants (28.7 ± 7.69). The results of the linear regression model showed that being female (E = -0.37; 95%CI = -0.65— -0.10; P = 0.007), using contact lenses (E = 0.56; 95%CI = 0.29 — 0.82; P < 0.001), and in the third year (E = 0.66; 95%CI = 0.19— 1.13; P = 0.007) is significantly correlated with having higher knowledge scores about using CLs. Conclusion: Female participants had higher total mean knowledge scores than males. We recommend that further educational campaigns should be inaugurated to raise awareness about taking care of CLs and enhancing the related practices of wearing them.
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Xu H, Tang B, Huang W, Luo S, Zhang T, Yuan J, Zheng Q, Zan X. Deliver protein across bio-barriers via hexa-histidine metal assemblies for therapy: a case in corneal neovascularization model. Mater Today Bio 2021; 12:100143. [PMID: 34765961 PMCID: PMC8569714 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of their high specificity and low side effects, protein drugs possess a substantial global market. However, the low bioavailability of protein is still a major obstacle to their expanded applications, which is expected to be answered with proper protein formulations. Taking corneal neovascularization (CNV) as an example, we demonstrated a co-assembled system of hexa-histidine and Ava (Avastin) with metal ions (HmA@Ava) could cross the cornea, the most important bio-barrier during the treatment of most diseases of the anterior segment in clinics. We found that the nanosized HmA@Ava efficiently encapsulated Ava with impressive loading capacity without destroying the bioactivity of Ava and assisted Ava penetration through the corneal barriers to effectively inhibit CNV development in an alkali burn rat model with sustained and pH-dependent Ava release. Our results suggested that the co-assembled strategy of protein and HmA is a proper formulation to protein drugs, with promising penetration ability to deliver protein across bio-barriers, which could open a path for topical administration of protein drugs for treatment of various ocular diseases and hold enormous potential for delivery of therapeutic proteins not only for ocular diseases but also for other diseases that require protein treatment. HmA@Ava can bring protein drug, Ava, across over the primary bio-barrier of the anterior segment and efficiently treat CNV. HmA@Ava was nanoparticles, with impressive loading capacity without destroying bioactivity of Ava and strong pH-dependent release. HmA can open a path for the treatment of eye diseases and hold huge potential to protein drugs to other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, PR China
| | - B Tang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, PR China
| | - W Huang
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, PR China.,Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, Linhai, Zhejiang Province, 317000, PR China
| | - S Luo
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, PR China
| | - T Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
| | - J Yuan
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China
| | - Q Zheng
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, PR China
| | - X Zan
- The Affiliated Ningbo Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Ningbo, China.,School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, 325035, PR China.,Oujiang Laboratory, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, 325001, China
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Efron N, Morgan PB, Nichols JJ, Walsh K, Willcox MD, Wolffsohn JS, Jones LW. All soft contact lenses are not created equal. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 45:101515. [PMID: 34583895 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soft contact lenses that have been prescribed by eye care practitioners are sometimes substituted for alternative lenses by unqualified, unregulated and sometimes even fully regulated lens suppliers, in the mistaken belief that there is essentially no difference between different soft lens types. This review considers the implications of inappropriately substituting soft contact lens types in terms of (a) lens properties: surface treatment, internal wetting agents, material, total diameter, back optic zone radius, thickness, edge profile, back surface design, optical design, power, colour (tint) and ultraviolet protection; and (b) lens usage: wearing modality (daily versus overnight wear) and replacement frequency. Potential aspects of patient dissatisfaction and adverse events when prescribed soft lenses are substituted for lenses with different properties or intended usage are considered. Substitution of 15 of the 16 lens properties considered (i.e. except for back surface design) was found to be related to at least one - and as many as six - potential sources of patient dissatisfaction and adverse ocular events. Contact lens are medical devices which are prescribed and fitted; they should never be substituted for another lens type in the absence of a new prescription further to a full finalised fitting, for the simple reason that all soft contact lenses are not created equal. A substituted lens may have properties that results in undesirable consequences in respect of vision, ocular health, comfort and cosmetic appearance, and may be incompatible with the lifestyle of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Phillip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research, Division of Pharmacy and Optometry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason J Nichols
- School of Optometry, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karen Walsh
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark D Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lyndon W Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education (CORE), School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada; Centre for Eye and Vision Research (CEVR), Hong Kong
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Opportunities and threats to contact lens practice: A global survey perspective. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:101496. [PMID: 34426063 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.101496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM To understand the views of contact lens (CL) practitioners across the globe regarding what they perceive as opportunities and threats in CL practice. METHODS A self-administered anonymised questionnaire, constructed in English and translated in six more languages, was distributed through reputed international professional bodies and academic institutions worldwide. The questionnaire included items on demographic characteristics, type of practice, and questions designed to explore practitioners' perspective on the future of their CL practice over the next five years. RESULTS A total of 2408 valid responses were analysed. Multifocal CLs for presbyopia, CLs for myopia control, use of daily disposable (DD) CLs for occasional wear, and biocompatible materials to improve comfort were identified as promising areas of opportunities by practitioners (all 8/10). Respondents from North America, and Europe valued DDCLs for occasional wear moderately more favourable (Median: 9/10 for all) as compared to colleagues in Asia (Median: 8/10, p < 0.001), South America (Median: 8/10, p < 0.01), and Africa (Median: 8/10p < 0.01). Multifocal CLs for presbyopia was perceived as a better opportunity by practitioners in North America and Europe (Median: 9/10 for both), as well as in Australasia (Median: 8/10), in comparison to Asia, Africa, and Middle East (for all Median: 6/10, p < 0.001). Practitioners expressed concerns about the availability of CLs and CL prescriptions online without direct professional involvement (both 9/10). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the most appealing opportunities for CL practice growth were identified in occasional use of DD CLs, biocompatible materials to reduce CL discomfort, multifocal CLs for presbyopia correction and management of myopia control with CLs. Lack of regulation in CL sales, especially online, seemed to be a constant threat. The insights from this study can be used to design targeted strategies to enhance CL practice across the globe and in specific geographical areas.
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Characteristics, Behaviors, and Awareness of Contact Lens Wearers Purchasing Lenses Over the Internet. Eye Contact Lens 2021; 46:208-213. [PMID: 32443017 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the characteristics and hygiene habits of contact lens (CL) wearers who acquire CLs over the Internet, as well as their awareness of modifiable risk factors (RFs). METHODS A web-based survey was conducted among clients of an online CL sales platform during 6 months. Demographic data, CL hygiene-related awareness, and compliance were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The questionnaire was completed by 1,264 CL wearers: the average age was 40.8 years; most were women (71.1%), had myopia (76.4%), and wore monthly disposable CLs (63.6%). The frequency of eye examination was significantly lower among those buying the CL exclusively online (15.8% vs. 6.6%, P<0.001) and those who had begun CL use on their own (17.5% vs. 8.8%, P<0.001). Initiation to CL wear without the intervention of an eye care practitioner was more frequent in wearers with less experience. Common risk behaviors included water exposure (68.1% in swimming and 64.9% in the shower), use of the case (61.9%) and CL (65.1%) beyond the recommended replacement time, and reuse of the maintenance solution (31.9%). Ignorance of recommended hygiene increased the probability of risky behavior. CONCLUSION There were no differences in compliance or awareness of risks between those purchasing exclusively online and other CL wearers. However, the growing frequency of self-taught initiation in CL wear among less-experienced online customers and online exclusive purchase was associated with a decrease in eye examination frequency and therefore worse compliance and increased risks. This finding underlines the importance of publicizing correct hygiene habits by all possible means so as to increase compliance.
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15
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Mohd-Ali B, Azmi N. Wearing Pattern and Awareness About Contact Lens Wear in Secondary School Students in Kuala Lumpur. CLINICAL OPTOMETRY 2021; 13:155-160. [PMID: 34295203 PMCID: PMC8290190 DOI: 10.2147/opto.s277786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the wearing pattern and awareness about contact lens care among secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using self-administered validated questionnaires. A total of 2500 questionnaires were distributed to secondary school students (aged 13 to 18 years) from 5 selected schools in Kuala Lumpur. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. RESULTS A total of 987 completed questionnaires were returned and analyzed. The response rate was 39.5%. Mean age of respondents was 15.5±2.5 years with 54.6% females. Around 9.9% of the respondents were contact lens wearers with female majority (78.6%) and the main reasons for wearing contact lenses were cosmesis (42.8%) and comfort (32.7%). Majority (92.2%) were soft contact lens wearers and daily wear (monthly disposable) is the preferred modality. Nevertheless, 42.4% purchased their lenses from unlicensed vendors and 18.4% rinsed their lenses using tap water. Regarding contact lens care, more than 50% of the respondents were not aware about the correct way of handling contact lenses. CONCLUSION Soft contact lens wear is popular among the secondary school students in Kuala Lumpur but the level of practice and knowledge about CL care are unsatisfactory. Thus, health communication strategies and aggressive public ocular health education that can influence behavior changes in teenagers are needed to overcome these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bariah Mohd-Ali
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - NorAisyah Azmi
- Optometry and Vision Science Program and Research Centre for Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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16
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Efron N, Morgan PB. Rethinking contact lens aftercare. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 100:411-431. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Efron
- School of Optometry and Vision Science,Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia,
| | - Philip B Morgan
- Eurolens Research,The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK,
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Wolffsohn JS, Dumbleton K, Huntjens B, Kandel H, Koh S, Kunnen CME, Nagra M, Pult H, Sulley AL, Vianya-Estopa M, Walsh K, Wong S, Stapleton F. CLEAR - Evidence-based contact lens practice. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2021; 44:368-397. [PMID: 33775383 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Evidence-based contact lens -->practice involves finding, appraising and applying research findings as the basis for patient management decisions. These decisions should be informed by the strength of the research study designs that address the question, as well as by the experience of the practitioner and the preferences and environment of the patient. This reports reviews and summarises the published research evidence that is available to inform soft and rigid contact lens history and symptoms taking, anterior eye health examination (including the optimised use of ophthalmic dyes, grading scales, imaging techniques and lid eversion), considerations for contact lens selection (including the ocular surface measurements required to select the most appropriate lens parameter, lens modality and material selection), evaluation of lens fit, prescribing (teaching self-application and removal, adaptation, care regimen and cleaning instructions, as well as -->minimising risks of lens wear through encouraging compliance) and an aftercare routine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathy Dumbleton
- School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Byki Huntjens
- Division of Optometry and Visual Sciences at City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Himal Kandel
- Save Sight Institute, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Shizuka Koh
- Department of Innovative Visual Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | | | - Manbir Nagra
- Vision and Eye Research Institute, ARU, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heiko Pult
- Optometry and Vision Research, Weinheim, Germany
| | | | - Marta Vianya-Estopa
- Department of Vision and Hearing Sciences Research Centre, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Karen Walsh
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Stephanie Wong
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Australia
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18
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Value of routine evaluation in asymptomatic soft contact lens wearers. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2020; 43:484-488. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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A review of cosmetic contact lens infections. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:78-86. [PMID: 30385879 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0257-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive review of the existing literature surrounding cosmetic contact lens infections. In this paper, lens-related, dispensing-related and patient-related factors are examined in detail.
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20
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Lin A, Rhee MK, Akpek EK, Amescua G, Farid M, Garcia-Ferrer FJ, Varu DM, Musch DC, Dunn SP, Mah FS. Bacterial Keratitis Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology 2018; 126:P1-P55. [PMID: 30366799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lin
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michelle K Rhee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Esen K Akpek
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Guillermo Amescua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Marjan Farid
- Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | | | | | - David C Musch
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Francis S Mah
- Departments of Cornea and External Diseases, Scripps Clinic Torrey Pines, La Jolla, California
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21
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Contact Lenses and Infectious Keratitis. CURRENT OPHTHALMOLOGY REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40135-018-0172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Multicenter Testing of a Risk Assessment Survey for Soft Contact Lens Wearers With Adverse Events: A Contact Lens Assessment in Youth Study. Eye Contact Lens 2018; 44:21-28. [PMID: 27755286 DOI: 10.1097/icl.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the ability of responses to the Contact Lens Assessment in Youth (CLAY) Contact Lens Risk Survey (CLRS) to differentiate behaviors among participants with serious and significant (S&S) contact lens-related corneal inflammatory events, those with other events (non-S&S), and healthy controls matched for age, gender, and soft contact lens (SCL) wear frequency. METHODS The CLRS was self-administered electronically to SCL wearers presenting for acute clinical care at 11 clinical sites. Each participant completed the CLRS before their examination. The clinician, masked to CLRS responses, submitted a diagnosis for each participant that was used to classify the event as S&S or non-S&S. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to compare responses. RESULTS Comparison of responses from 96 participants with S&S, 68 with non-S&S, and 207 controls showed that patients with S&S were more likely (always or fairly often) to report overnight wear versus patients with non-S&S (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 5.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-18.7) and versus controls (aOR, 5.8; CI, 2.2-15.2). Patients with S&S were more likely to purchase SCLs on the internet versus non-S&S (aOR, 4.9; CI, 1.6-15.1) and versus controls (aOR, 2.8; CI, 1.4-5.9). The use of two-week replacement lenses compared with daily disposables was significantly higher among patients with S&S than those with non-S&S (aOR, 4.3; CI, 1.5-12.0). Patients with S&S were less likely to regularly discard leftover solution compared with controls (aOR, 2.5; CI, 1.1-5.6). CONCLUSIONS The CLRS is a clinical survey tool that can be used to identify risky behaviors and exposures directly associated with an increased risk of S&S events.
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Alobaidan OS, Alkhalifah MK, AlSayegh AA, Alhumaid FA, Ashammery AS, Alghamdi K, Mousa A, Khandekar R, AlRashid W. Knowledge and practice regarding contact lens among Saudi urban contact lens users. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2017; 32:93-96. [PMID: 29942175 PMCID: PMC6010592 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjopt.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the level and determinants of knowledge and practice regarding contact lens (CL) and its accessories among adult Saudi CL users. Methods This survey was conducted in 2015 for Saudi contact lens users visiting a Mall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questions were related to knowledge about contact lenses, correct CL and accessories usage. We inquired indication, initial prescription, CL use, complications experienced and their management. The knowledge and practice responses were correlated to their determinants. Results In this survey, 510 contact lens users participated. The level of knowledge was of excellent grade among 279 [54.7% (95% Confidence Interval 50.4-59)] CL users. The practice was of excellent grade in 210 [41.4% (95% CI 37.1-45.7)] CL users. Variation in knowledge was not associated to gender (P = 0.1), education (P = 0.4), type of work (P = 0.3), funding for CL (P = 0.1). Occasional users and those not having prescribed CL had significantly poor knowledge (P < 0.001). The excellent level of practice was associated to younger CL users (P = 0.004). While it was not associated to gender (P = 0.8), type of CL (P = 0.9), funding for CL (P = 0.2), education (P = 0.7) and occupation (P = 0.1). Conclusions The knowledge and practice among CL users was less than desired. Those using contact lens for cosmetic purpose and procuring them without prescription need special focus for health promotion so that their CL related practice improve and eye complications are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar S Alobaidan
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Alkhalifah
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar A AlSayegh
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaid
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Ashammery
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alghamdi
- Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mousa
- Ocular Epidemiology at King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Waleed AlRashid
- Department of Ophthalmology, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, College of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Deichelbohrer M, Wu MF, Seitz B, Hüttenberger D, Laschke MW, Foth HJ, Wonnenberg B, Wagenpfeil S, Meier C, Bischoff M, Tschernig T. Bacterial keratitis: Photodynamic inactivation reduced experimental inflammation. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:4509-4514. [PMID: 29104658 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of bacterial keratitis remains an unsolved clinical problem. The current study aimed to establish a murine keratitis model and to investigate the effect of chlorin e6 (Ce6) and photodynamic inactivation (PDI) on corneal inflammation. The cornea of anesthetized mice was scratched and covered with a bacterial suspension of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A paste containing Ce6 was applied to the cornea with subsequent exposure to specified light. Two days later the animals were sacrificed, and the globes were processed for light microscopy. Evaluation parameters were the maximal corneal thickness and the severity of the hypopyon. The maximal corneal thickness of 290±16 µm in the infected and untreated group was significantly reduced to 220±8 µm in the infected and treated group (P<0.05). In addition, the hypopyon was less severe in the infected and treated group. In conclusion, the present study indicates that PDI using Ce6 may be a potential approach to treat patients suffering with severe bacterial keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Deichelbohrer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Ming-Feng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center/UKS, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center/UKS, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | | | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Medical Faculty, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hans-Jochen Foth
- Department of Physics, University of Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Bodo Wonnenberg
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University, Medical Faculty, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, D-66424 Homburg/Saar, Germany
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Steele KR, Szczotka-Flynn L. Epidemiology of contact lens-induced infiltrates: an updated review. Clin Exp Optom 2017; 100:473-481. [PMID: 28868803 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal infiltrative events (CIEs) are well established as a risk associated with soft contact lens wear. The incidence of symptomatic CIEs during extended soft lens wear ranges from 2.5 to six per cent; when asymptomatic CIEs are included, the incidence can be as high as 20-25 per cent. In daily soft lens wear, the annual incidence of symptomatic CIEs is about three per cent. There are various accepted methods of categorising CIEs, and a scoring system based on clinical signs and symptoms is a good approach to grade severity. Lens-related risk factors include extended wear, silicone hydrogel material, the use of multipurpose solutions, bacterial bioburden and reusable lenses. Recent studies report that daily disposable lenses reduce the risk of CIEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsy R Steele
- The Ohio State University College of Optometry, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Loretta Szczotka-Flynn
- University Hospitals Eye Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Land AD, Penno KL, Brzezinski JL. Identification of Microorganisms Isolated From Counterfeit and Unapproved Decorative Contact Lenses. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:635-639. [PMID: 28542816 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
All contact lenses (corrective/noncorrective) are considered Class II or Class III medical devices under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, which also states that contact lenses can only be obtained with a prescription. The Forensic Chemistry Center of the US Food & Drug Administration has examined over 300 decorative, noncorrective contact lenses obtained without a prescription. Our observations indicate that 60% of the counterfeit lenses and 27% of the unapproved lenses examined were positive for microbial contamination. Twenty-nine different brands of noncorrective contact lenses were examined, and 48% of them had at least one sample positive for microbial contamination. Each microorganism was further identified using DNA sequencing. Contaminated contact lenses are associated with numerous health risks, including ocular infections and conjunctivitis leading to permanent visual impairment or blindness. These results support the contention that acquiring contact lenses without a prescription is a considerable threat to consumer health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian D Land
- Forensic Chemistry Center, United States Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45237
| | - Katie L Penno
- Forensic Chemistry Center, United States Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45237
| | - Jennifer L Brzezinski
- Forensic Chemistry Center, United States Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH, 45237
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27
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Deichelbohrer M, Wu MF, Seitz B, Wagenpfeil S, Meier C, Bischoff M, Tschernig T. Gaseous nitric oxide for the local treatment of bacterial keratitis in mice. Biomed Rep 2017; 6:75-78. [PMID: 28123711 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The successful treatment of severe bacterial keratitis continues to be a challenge in animals and humans. In the present study the aim was to assess gaseous therapy using gaseous nitric oxide (gNO) in a murine model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis. The cornea of anesthetized mice was mechanically scratched and covered with a bacterial suspension of P. aeruginosa. One day later, the infected eyes were exposed to 200 ppm NO for 30 min. Three to seven days later the mice were sacrificed and the bulbi were obtained and processed for light microscopy. The read out parameter was the maximal corneal thickness and the severity of the hypopyon. The therapy with NO did not result in either a reduction of inflammation concerning the maximal corneal thickness or the severity of the hypopyon. The bacterial load was not investigated due to technical limitations. Thus, exposure to gNO did not reduce the local inflammation in P. aeruginosa induced murine keratitis at the investigated time-points. This does not exclude effects of NO on the bacterial load, and in experimental and human keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Deichelbohrer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
| | - Ming-Feng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
| | - Berthold Seitz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagenpfeil
- Institute for Medical Biometry, Epidemiology and Medical Informatics, Saarland University, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
| | - Carola Meier
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
| | - Markus Bischoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
| | - Thomas Tschernig
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Saarland University Faculty of Medicine, Homburg, D-66424 Saar, Germany
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Chalmers RL, Wagner H, Kinoshita B, Sorbara L, Mitchell GL, Lam D, Richdale K, Zimmerman A. Is purchasing lenses from the prescriber associated with better habits among soft contact lens wearers? Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:435-441. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hoffman JJSL, Pelosini L. What happens when one leaves soft contact lenses in for three weeks? A case of bilateral, severe pseudomonas keratitis from contact lenses purchased over the internet. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2016; 39:318-20. [PMID: 26818614 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy J S L Hoffman
- Department of Ophthalmology, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, RH1 5RH, United Kingdom.
| | - Lucia Pelosini
- Department of Ophthalmology, East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill, RH1 5RH, United Kingdom
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Lorenz KO, Kakkassery J, Boree D, Pinto D. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analysis of daily disposable limbal ring contact lenses. Clin Exp Optom 2014; 97:411-7. [PMID: 24689948 PMCID: PMC4264945 DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limbal ring (also known as 'circle') contact lenses are becoming increasingly popular, especially in Asian markets because of their eye-enhancing effects. The pigment particles that give the eye-enhancing effects of these lenses can be found on the front or back surface of the contact lens or 'enclosed' within the lens matrix. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the pigment location and surface roughness of seven types of 'circle' contact lenses. METHODS Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis was performed using a variable pressure Hitachi S3400N instrument to discern the placement of lens pigments. Atomic force microscopy (Dimension Icon AFM from Bruker Nano) was used to determine the surface roughness of the pigmented regions of the contact lenses. Atomic force microscopic analysis was performed in fluid phase under contact mode using a Sharp Nitride Lever probe (SNL-10) with a spring constant of 0.06 N/m. Root mean square (RMS) roughness values were analysed using a generalised linear mixed model with a log-normal distribution. Least square means and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated for each brand, location and pigment combination. RESULTS SEM cross-sectional images at 500× and 2,000× magnification showed pigment on the surface of six of the seven lens types tested. The mean depth of pigment for 1-DAY ACUVUE DEFINE (1DAD) lenses was 8.1 μm below the surface of the lens, while the remaining lens types tested had pigment particles on the front or back surface. Results of the atomic force microscopic analysis indicated that 1DAD lenses had significantly lower root mean square roughness values in the pigmented area of the lens than the other lens types tested. CONCLUSIONS SEM and AFM analysis revealed pigment on the surface of the lens for all types tested with the exception of 1DAD. Further research is required to determine if the difference in pigment location influences on-eye performance.
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