1
|
Ozdogan MS, Gungormus M. Salivary opiorphin levels in denture-related traumatic ulcers. Oral Dis 2024; 30:3136-3141. [PMID: 37793134 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Opiorphin is a pentapeptide secreted in saliva and has a strong analgesic effect. Salivary opiorphin has been shown to increase in orofacial pain and may act as a pain reliever in pain caused by denture-related ulcers. The current study aimed to evaluate the salivary opiorphin levels in traumatic ulcers caused by ill-fitting dentures and demonstrate whether there is any correlation between trauma-related pain levels and salivary opiorphin levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-two individuals with new full dentures and a complaint of pain due to ill-fitting were included in this study. Patients were asked to rate their level of pain on a visual analog scale (VAS). Then, saliva specimens were collected at the first visit with the complaint of pain and 7 days following the denture adjustment. RESULTS The average saliva opiorphin level before and after denture adjustment were 19.29 ± 5.44 and 15.78 ± 3.95 ng/mL, respectively. A dependent (paired) t-test determined that the mean salivary opiorphin level differed statistically significantly before and after the adjustment of the dentures. CONCLUSIONS The findings show that salivary opiorphin levels increase in pain associated with denture-related traumatic ulcers. Adjusting the dentures resulted in pain relief and a statistically significant reduction in opiorphin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Sertac Ozdogan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Gungormus
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkiye
- Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkiye
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Alajbeg IZ, Vrbanovic E, Alajbeg I, Orabovic I, Naka K, Mrla A, Boucher Y. Time-course of pain and salivary opiorphin release in response to oral capsaicin differ in burning mouth syndrome patients, temporomandibular disorders patients and control subjects. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:246. [PMID: 38589630 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05653-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Opiorphin is an analgesic peptide released by salivary glands and capsaicin an agonist of TRPV1 receptors eliciting burning sensations. The primary objective of this study was to assess opiorphin release after stimulation of the tongue by capsaicin (STC). The secondary objectives were to compare opiorphin release after STC in 3 groups of subjects [healthy (CTRL), Burning Mouth Syndrome (BMS), painful Temporomandibular disorders (TMDp)] and pain evoked by STC in these 3 groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salivary opiorphin was assessed with high-performance liquid chromatography at 3 different time points (baseline, after 5 min and 20 min of STC). Pain was self-reported on a (0-10) numeric rating scale. RESULTS Three groups (N = 16) of adults were recruited at the Clinical Hospital Centre and School of Dental Medicine in Zagreb. Opiorphin levels were higher (1) in TMDp compared to CTRL in 1st (2.23 ± 1.72 pg/ul vs. 0.67 ± 0.44 pg/ul, p = 0.002) and 3rd sampling (2.44 ± 2.01 pg/ul vs. 0.74 ± 0.52 pg/ul, p = 0.020) and (2) within BMS group at 3rd sampling vs. baseline (p < 0.025). Pain scores were higher in BMS compared to TMDp (p < 0.025) and CTRL (p < 0.025). CONCLUSION This study evidenced (1) a differential basal amount of opiorphin in two pain conditions and control subjects (2) a differential kinetic of release of opiorphin after STC in CTRL, BMS and TMDp (3) a differential pain perception after STC in BMS and TMDp vs. CTRL, which can provide a readout for animal models. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The specific regulation of opiorphin release in patients with orofacial painful conditions provides valuable insights for clinicians and researchers in physiology and pathology and encourages further research in this area. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04694274. Registered on 01/05/2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iva Z Alajbeg
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
- Department of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ema Vrbanovic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Department of Oral Medicine, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Department of Dental Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Ivan Orabovic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Klara Naka
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Antonija Mrla
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, University of Zagreb School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Yves Boucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Orofaciale, UFR Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, 75006, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Giannaccare G, Vaccaro S, Borselli M, Rossi C, Carnovale Scalzo G, Scalia G, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C, Zerillo L, Polvere I, Vito P, Zotti T, Stilo R, Scorcia V. A Novel Ophthalmic Solution Containing Glicopro ® Complex for the Treatment of Patients with Dry Eye Disease: Results from a Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1447. [PMID: 38592312 PMCID: PMC10932378 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disease characterized by an imbalance in ocular surface homeostasis, and tear substitutes constitute the first line of treatment. The present study aimed to evaluate the changes in the signs and symptoms of patients with DED treated with a novel tear substitute containing the GlicoPro® complex. (2) Methods: Patients with DED not successfully responding to other tear substitutes were enrolled and treated with a novel ophthalmic solution (two drops four times daily). Patients were examined before starting the study treatment (T0) and after 30 (T1) and 60 (T2) days of treatment by means of Keratograph for the evaluation of the following: (i) tear meniscus height (TMH); (ii) noninvasive Keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT); (iii) bulbar redness; and (iv) infrared meibography. The SANDE questionnaire was administered to assess ocular discomfort symptoms. Analysis of the tear content of proenkephalin and Met/Leu-enkephalin was also performed. (3) Results: At T2, a significant improvement in NIKBUT first, average, and class, TMH, and SANDE score was found. The tear content of proenkephalins was significantly higher at T1, whereas processed active Met/Leu-enkephalins increased at both T1 and T2. (4) Conclusions: Our novel tear substitute based on GlicoPro® resulted in a significant improvement in ocular discomfort symptoms, tear volume, and stability in the patients treated. The increase in active peptides processed in tears may represent the pathophysiological substrate underlying this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabrina Vaccaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Massimiliano Borselli
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Costanza Rossi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanna Carnovale Scalzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Giovanni Scalia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Carla Ghelardini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health-NEUROFARBA-Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy; (L.D.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Lucrezia Zerillo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Immacolata Polvere
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Pasquale Vito
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Tiziana Zotti
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
- Genus Biotech Srls, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Romania Stilo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy; (L.Z.); (I.P.); (P.V.); (T.Z.); (R.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Scorcia
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.V.); (M.B.); (C.R.); (G.C.S.); (G.S.); (V.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Asiedu K. Neurophysiology of corneal neuropathic pain and emerging pharmacotherapeutics. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25285. [PMID: 38284865 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
The altered activity generated by corneal neuronal injury can result in morphological and physiological changes in the architecture of synaptic connections in the nervous system. These changes can alter the sensitivity of neurons (both second-order and higher-order projection) projecting pain signals. A complex process involving different cell types, molecules, nerves, dendritic cells, neurokines, neuropeptides, and axon guidance molecules causes a high level of sensory rearrangement, which is germane to all the phases in the pathomechanism of corneal neuropathic pain. Immune cells migrating to the region of nerve injury assist in pain generation by secreting neurokines that ensure nerve depolarization. Furthermore, excitability in the central pain pathway is perpetuated by local activation of microglia in the trigeminal ganglion and alterations of the descending inhibitory modulation for corneal pain arriving from central nervous system. Corneal neuropathic pain may be facilitated by dysfunctional structures in the central somatosensory nervous system due to a lesion, altered synaptogenesis, or genetic abnormality. Understanding these important pathways will provide novel therapeutic insight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Porporatti AL, de Oliveira Machado CA, Alajbeg I, Alajbeg IZ, Paszynska E, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Braud A, Boucher Y. Opiorphin as a biomarker of orofacial conditions: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15533. [PMID: 37726305 PMCID: PMC10509258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this meta-analysis was to answer the following question: "Are there any differences in opiorphin biomarker concentrations between different orofacial conditions and controls?". Two reviewers searched for observational studies that evaluated the levels of opiorphin in orofacial conditions, annotated in seven main databases and three that compile gray literature. Of the 443 articles obtained initially, 8 met the inclusion criteria for quantitative analyses. Relative percentages showed a mean 24.1% higher opiorphin concentration in chronic conditions (Burning Mouth Syndrome, Oral Potentially Malignant Diseases and Temporomandibular Disorder) compared to controls; 33.2% higher opiorphin in sustained pain (Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis, Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis, Painful Oral Soft-tissue conditions); and 21.7% higher opiorphin after stimuli (Corneal Foreign Body, Capsaicin). Meta-analysis revealed a standardized mean difference of 0.62 [0.02, 1.22] in the absolute concentration of opiorphin in saliva for the chronic group compared to the control. The analogous values for the sustained group and the stimulated group were 2.24 [0.34, 4.14] and 0.43 [0.00, 0.85], respectively. No differences in opiorphin levels were found for 'after Local Anesthesia before Tooth Extraction' or for apicoectomy. Based on the available evidence, in general, a statistically higher level of opiorphin is found in orofacial conditions. Salivary opiorphin levels are elevated in chronic, persisted and acute pain conditions, presumably reflecting a physiological homeostatic adaptative response to different conditions such as stress or pain. Salivary opiorphin might therefore be used as a valuable biomarker in several oral disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- André Luís Porporatti
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale (LabNOF, EA7543), Service Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-APHP, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France.
- GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France.
| | | | - Ivan Alajbeg
- Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Z Alajbeg
- Prosthetic Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Adeline Braud
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale (LabNOF, EA7543), Service Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-APHP, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
- GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Boucher
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie OroFaciale (LabNOF, EA7543), Service Odontologie, Université Paris Cité, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière-APHP, 47-83 Bd de l'Hôpital, 75651, Paris Cedex 13, France
- GHPS Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Urbančič J, Košak Soklič T, Demšar Luzar A, Hočevar Boltežar I, Korošec P, Rijavec M. Transcriptomic Differentiation of Phenotypes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Its Implications for Understanding the Underlying Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065541. [PMID: 36982612 PMCID: PMC10051401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a multifaceted disease with variable clinical courses and outcomes. We aimed to determine CRS-associated nasal-tissue transcriptome in clinically well-characterized and phenotyped individuals, to gain a novel insight into the biological pathways of the disease. RNA-sequencing of tissue samples of patients with CRS with polyps (CRSwNP), without polyps (CRSsNP), and controls were performed. Characterization of differently expressed genes (DEGs) and functional and pathway analysis was undertaken. We identified 782 common CRS-associated nasal-tissue DEGs, while 375 and 328 DEGs were CRSwNP- and CRSsNP-specific, respectively. Common key DEGs were found to be involved in dendritic cell maturation, the neuroinflammation pathway, and the inhibition of the matrix metalloproteinases. Distinct CRSwNP-specific DEGs were involved in NF-kβ canonical pathways, Toll-like receptor signaling, HIF1α regulation, and the Th2 pathway. CRSsNP involved the NFAT pathway and changes in the calcium pathway. Our findings offer new insights into the common and distinct molecular mechanisms underlying CRSwNP and CRSsNP, providing further understanding of the complex pathophysiology of the CRS, with future research directions for novel treatment strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jure Urbančič
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
| | - Tanja Košak Soklič
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ajda Demšar Luzar
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, SI-4204 Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Irena Hočevar Boltežar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Cervicofacial Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloska 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Korošec
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, SI-4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Rijavec
- Laboratory for Clinical Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, Golnik 36, SI-4204 Golnik, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Paszynska E, Hernik A, Slopien A, Boucher Y, Tyszkiewicz-Nwafor M, Roszak M, Bilska K, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M. Expression of salivary immunoglobulins and their association with analgesic neuropeptide opiorphin in anorexia nervosa during adolescence. J Eat Disord 2022; 10:118. [PMID: 35953876 PMCID: PMC9367138 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who suffer from anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterized by exceedingly lower body weight, micro- and macro-nutrient deficiencies, and hyposalivation as compared to healthy subjects. In addition, AN may predispose to difficulties in oral health maintenance. However, little is known about the relationship between stress-dependent salivary neuro/immunopeptidergic biomarkers such as opiorphin and immunoglobulins (Ig) and AN.The aim of this case-control study was to evaluate salivary opiorphin and immunoglobulins in female children and adolescents diagnosed with AN compared to healthy controls. METHODS Adolescent patients with clinically-confirmed severe restrictive subtype AN (Body Mass Index BMI < 15 kg/m2, mean age 15.0 ± 1.8, n = 83) were examined in the first week of hospital admission and compared to healthy matched controls (n = 79). Measurements of salivary opiorphin, IgA, IgG, IgM (ELISA technique), and oral hygiene levels (Plaque Control Record index-PCR) were performed. RESULTS In the AN group, a significantly higher concentration of opiorphin was evidenced (3.1 ± 4.1 ng/ml) compared to the control group (1.1 ± 1.2 ng/ml), (p < 0.001), contrary to IgM, which was significantly lower (311.0 ± 185.3 ng/ml) than in the control group (421.2 ± 168.1 ng/ml), (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the levels of IgA and IgG, despite a higher concentration of IgA in the AN group vs. controls (p = 0.14). Spearman analysis revealed a correlation between opiorphin and age (p < 0.05), but also with all immunoglobulins IgA, IgG, IgM (p = 0.006, p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Similarly a correlation was found between PCR index and immunoglobulins IgG, IgM (respectively p = 0.028, p < 0.001), and between body mass, BMI, IBW% and IgA, IgM (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In the acute phase of AN, salivary changes in opiorphin and immunoglobulins related to dental plaque suggest an essential role in oral health balance. Changes related to AN may affect the anti-inflammatory and analgesic components of saliva and suggest their use as neurobiological markers in severe malnutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Paszynska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska St. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Amadeusz Hernik
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences (PUMS), Bukowska St. 70, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Yves Boucher
- Université de Paris, LabNOF, 75013, Paris, France.,Groupe Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Magdalena Roszak
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, PUMS, Poznan, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, PUMS, Poznan, Poland
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Tear film and ocular surface neuropeptides: Characteristics, synthesis, signaling and implications for ocular surface and systemic diseases. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:108973. [PMID: 35149082 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ocular surface neuropeptides are vital molecules primarily involved in maintaining ocular surface integrity and homeostasis. They also serve as communication channels between the nervous system and the immune system, maintaining the homeostasis of the ocular surface. Tear film and ocular surface neuropeptides have a role in disease often due to abnormalities in their synthesis (either high or low production), signaling through defective receptors, or both. This creates imbalances in otherwise normal physiological processes. They have been observed to be altered in many ocular surface and systemic diseases including dry eye disease, ocular allergy, keratoconus, LASIK-induced dry eye, pterygium, neurotrophic keratitis, corneal graft rejection, microbial keratitis, headaches and diabetes. This review examines the characteristics of neuropeptides, their synthesis and their signaling through G-protein coupled receptors. The review also explores the types of neuropeptides within the tears and ocular surface, and how they change in ocular and systemic diseases.
Collapse
|
9
|
Nortey J, Smith D, Seitzman GD, Gonzales JA. Topical Therapeutic Options in Corneal Neuropathic Pain. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:769909. [PMID: 35173607 PMCID: PMC8841414 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.769909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of Review: Corneal neuropathic pain can be difficult to treat, particularly due to its lack of response to standard dry eye therapies. We describe a variety of topical therapeutic options that are available to treat corneal neuropathic pain with a significant or primary peripheral component. We also describe possible mechanisms of action for such topical therapies. Recent Findings: Topical corticosteroids and blood-derived tear preparations can be helpful. Newer therapies, including topical lacosamide and low-dose naltrexone are emerging therapeutic options that may also be considered. Summary: Corneal neuropathic pain with a significant peripheral component may be managed with a variety of topical therapeutic options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Nortey
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United Statesa
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - David Smith
- A&O Compounding Pharmacy, Vallejo, CA, United States
| | - Gerami D. Seitzman
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John A. Gonzales
- Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: John A. Gonzales,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
New Perspectives in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Pain in Patients with Dry Eye Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 11:jcm11010108. [PMID: 35011849 PMCID: PMC8745516 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular discomfort and eye pain are frequently reported by patients with dry eye disease (DED), and their management remains a real therapeutic challenge for the Ophthalmologist. In DED patients, injury at the level of each structure of the ocular surface can determine variable symptoms, ranging from mild ocular discomfort up to an intolerable pain evoked by innocuous stimuli. In refractory cases, the persistence of this harmful signal is able to evoke a mechanism of maladaptive plasticity of the nervous system that leads to increased pain responsiveness. Peripheral and, subsequently, central sensitization cause nociceptor hyperexcitability and persistent pain perception that can culminate in the paradoxical situation of perceiving eye pain even in the absence of ocular surface abnormalities. Effective therapeutic strategies of these cases are challenging, and new options are desirable. Recently, a theoretical novel therapeutic approach concerns enkephalins thanks to the evidence that eye pain sensations are modulated by endogenous opioid peptides (enkephalins, endorphins and dynorphins). In this regard, new topical agents open up a new theoretical scenario in the treatment of ocular discomfort and eye pain in the setting of DED, such as, for example, a multimolecular complex based on proteins and glycosaminoglycans also containing opiorphin that may assist the physiological pain-relieving mechanism of the eye.
Collapse
|
11
|
GlicoPro, Novel Standardized and Sterile Snail Mucus Extract for Multi-Modulative Ocular Formulations: New Perspective in Dry Eye Disease Management. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122139. [PMID: 34959420 PMCID: PMC8708832 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the mucoadhesive and regenerative properties of a novel lubricating multimolecular ophthalmic solution (GlicoPro®) extracted from snail mucus and its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic role in the management of dry eye disease (DED). GlicoPro bio-adhesive efficacy was assessed using a lectin-based assay, and its regenerative properties were studied in a human corneal epithelial cell line. In vitro DED was induced in human corneal tissues; the histology and mRNA expression of selected genes of inflammatory and corneal damage biomarkers were analyzed in DED tissues treated with GlicoPro. A higher percentage of bio-adhesivity was observed in corneal cells treated with GlicoPro than with sodium hyaluronate-based compounds. In the scratch test GlicoPro improved in vitro corneal wound healing. Histo-morphological analysis revealed restoration of cellular organization of the corneal epithelium, microvilli, and mucin network in DED corneal tissues treated with GlicoPro. A significant reduction in inflammatory and ocular damage biomarkers was observed. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified an endogenous opioid, opiorphin, in the peptide fraction of GlicoPro. In conclusion, GlicoPro induced regeneration and bio-adhesivity in corneal cells; moreover, considering its anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, this novel ophthalmic lubricating solution may be an innovative approach for the management of DED.
Collapse
|