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Harju N, Hytti M, Kolari O, Nisula H, Loukovaara S, Kauppinen A. Anti-inflammatory potential of simvastatin and amfenac in ARPE-19 cells; insights in preventing re-detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy after rhegmatogenous retinal detachment surgery. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:158. [PMID: 38530532 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03067-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is a severe vision-threatening complication that can result into proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and re-detachment of the retina if recovery from surgery fails. Inflammation and changes in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells are important contributors to the disease. Here, we studied the effects of simvastatin and amfenac on ARPE-19 cells under inflammatory conditions. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were pre-treated with simvastatin and/or amfenac for 24 h after which interleukin (IL)-1α or IL-1β was added for another 24 h. After treatments, lactate dehydrogenase release, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) processing, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activity, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, and extracellular levels of IL-6, IL-8, monocytic chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and pigment epithelium-derived factor, as well as the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined. RESULTS Pre-treatment of human ARPE-19 cells with simvastatin reduced the production of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines, PGE2 levels, as well as NF-κB activity upon inflammation, whereas amfenac reduced IL-8 and MCP-1 release but increased ROS production. Together, simvastatin and amfenac reduced the release of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 cytokines as well as NF-κB activity but increased the VEGF release upon inflammation in ARPE-19 cells. CONCLUSION Our present study supports the anti-inflammatory capacity of simvastatin as pre-treatment against inflammation in human RPE cells, and the addition of amfenac complements the effect. The early modulation of local conditions in the retina can prevent inflammation induced PVR formation and subsequent retinal re-detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Harju
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
- Head and Neck Center, Ophthalmology Research Unit, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Maria Hytti
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Onni Kolari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hilkka Nisula
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Loukovaara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Unit of Vitreoretinal Surgery, and Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Jan RL, Ho CH, Wang JJ, Tseng SH, Chang YS. A Population-Based Study of Social Demographic Factors, Associated Diseases and Recurrent Corneal Erosion in Taiwan. Front Public Health 2022; 10:832333. [PMID: 35419341 PMCID: PMC8995765 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.832333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association of recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) with sociodemographic factors and associated ocular conditions or systemic diseases. Methods This nationwide, population-based, retrospective, matched case-controlled study included 98,895 RCE patients, identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 371.42, were selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The age-, sex-, and index date- matched control group included 98,895 non-RCE control group also selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2000. Sociodemographic factors and associated ocular conditions or systemic diseases were examined using univariate logistic regression analyses, and continuous variables were analyzed using paired t-test. The odds ratio (OR) of developing RCE were compared using adjusted logistic regression analysis. Results Patients with ocular conditions including corneal abrasion, ocular allergic conditions, and corneal dystrophy were more likely to have RCE than the control group (adjusted OR = 63.56, 95% CI = 42.06-96.06, p < 0.0001; adjusted OR = 24.27, 95% CI = 20.51-28.72, p < 0.0001; adjusted OR = 17.10, 95% CI = 5.14-59.93, p < 0.0001, respectively). Patients with systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and atopy trait have significantly higher ORs for RCE development. Patients residing in either Northern Taiwan or a metropolis city had higher odds of developing RCE; however, there were no significant differences in income or occupation on the probability to develop RCE. Conclusion RCE is strongly associated with corneal abrasion, ocular allergic conditions, corneal dystrophy, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, and atopy trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Long Jan
- College of Health Sciences, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Han Ho
- Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Huei Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shin Chang
- College of Health Sciences, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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Lai W, Wu X, Liang H. Identification of the Potential Key Genes and Pathways Involved in Lens Changes of High Myopia. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:2867-2875. [PMID: 35300133 PMCID: PMC8922318 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s354935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixia Lai
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xixi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Hao Liang, Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 6 Shuangyong Road, Qingxiu District, Nanning, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) forms the outermost layer of the cornea. Despite its thickness of only 50 μm, the CE plays a key role as an initial barrier against any insults to the eye and contributes to the light refraction onto the retina required for clear vision. In the event of an injury, the cornea is equipped with many strategies contributing to competent wound healing, including angiogenic and immune privileges, and mechanotransduction. Various factors, including growth factors, keratin, cytokines, integrins, crystallins, basement membrane, and gap junction proteins are involved in CE wound healing and serve as markers in the healing process. Studies of CE wound healing are advancing rapidly in tandem with the rise of corneal bioengineering, which employs limbal epithelial stem cells as the primary source of cells utilizing various types of biomaterials as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nahdia Afiifah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Taty Anna Kamarudin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jan RL, Weng SF, Wang JJ, Tseng SH, Chang YS. Association Between Atopic Keratoconjunctivitis and the Risk of Recurrent Corneal Erosion. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:688355. [PMID: 34150819 PMCID: PMC8210667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.688355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the risk of recurrent corneal erosion (RCE) in patients with atopic keratoconjunctivitis (AKC). Methods: This national, retrospective, matched cohort study enrolled 184,166 newly-diagnosed AKC patients, selected from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database and identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) code 372.05. The control group comprised 184,166 non-AKC patients matched by age, sex, and potential comorbidities and they were selected from the Taiwan Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, 2000. Information from patients was gathered from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2011, and both groups were traced from the index date until December 2013. The incidence and risk of RCE (ICD-9-CM code 361.42) was compared between the groups. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for RCE was obtained by a Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed to calculate the cumulative incidence of RCE. Results: In total, 564 AKC patients and 406 non-AKC controls developed RCE during the follow-up span. The incidence of RCE was 1.45 times higher in AKC patients than in controls (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.27–1.64; P < 0.0001). After adjusting for potential confounders, including diabetes mellitus, keratoconjunctivitis sicca, corneal transplantation, ocular blunt trauma, corneal dystrophy, and band keratopathy, AKC patients were 1.36 times more likely to develop RCE than controls (adjusted HR, 1.36; 95% CI = 1.19–1.54; p < 0.05). Conclusions: AKC Patients had an increased risk of developing RCE and should be informed of this risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Long Jan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jhi-Joung Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan.,AI Biomed Center, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Huei Tseng
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Health Science, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
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