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Serra PL, Giannaccare G, Cuccu A, Bolognesi F, Biglioli F, Marcasciano M, Tarabbia F, Pagliara D, Figus A, Boriani F. Insights on the Choice and Preparation of the Donor Nerve in Corneal Neurotization for Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2268. [PMID: 38673540 PMCID: PMC11050919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The article introduces neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), a condition resulting from corneal denervation due to various causes of trigeminal nerve dysfunctions. Surgical techniques for corneal neurotization (CN) have evolved, aiming to restore corneal sensitivity. Initially proposed in 1972, modern approaches offer less invasive options. CN can be performed through a direct approach (DCN) directly suturing a sensitive nerve to the affected cornea or indirectly (ICN) through a nerve auto/allograft. Surgical success relies on meticulous donor nerve selection and preparation, often involving multidisciplinary teams. A PubMed research and review of the relevant literature was conducted regarding the surgical approach, emphasizing surgical techniques and the choice of the donor nerve. The latter considers factors like sensory integrity and proximity to the cornea. The most used are the contralateral or ipsilateral supratrochlear (STN), and the supraorbital (SON) and great auricular (GAN) nerves. Regarding the choice of grafts, the most used in the literature are the sural (SN), the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve (LABCN), and the GAN nerves. Another promising option is represented by allografts (acellularized nerves from cadavers). The significance of sensory recovery and factors influencing surgical outcomes, including nerve caliber matching and axonal regeneration, are discussed. Future directions emphasize less invasive techniques and the potential of acellular nerve allografts. In conclusion, CN represents a promising avenue in the treatment of NK, offering tailored approaches based on patient history and surgical expertise, with new emerging techniques warranting further exploration through basic science refinements and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Luciano Serra
- Plastic Surgery Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari University Hospital Trust, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Plastic Surgery and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Alberto Cuccu
- Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Federico Bolognesi
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Federico Biglioli
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Marco Marcasciano
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Unit of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filippo Tarabbia
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Santi Paolo e Carlo Hospital, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (F.B.); (F.B.); (F.T.)
| | - Domenico Pagliara
- Plastic-Reconstructive and Lymphedema Microsurgery Center, Mater Olbia Hospital, 07026 Olbia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Figus
- Plastic Surgery and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Boriani
- Plastic Surgery and Microsurgery Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital “Duilio Casula”, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.F.); (F.B.)
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2
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Rodrigues PF, Moscovici BK, Hoehne JL, Campos MSDQ, Morandim-Giannetti ADA, Bersanetti PA, Nosé W. Spectrophotometric Analysis of Different Polymethyl Methacrylate Filters and their Importance in the Implantation of Corneal Rings. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:731-735. [PMID: 37092541 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2202365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the luminous behavior applied to materials used in intraocular surgeries. METHODS Discs of the different products were delivered in 19.00 mm × 3.00 mm. Each sample was fixed on support keeping it perpendicular to the spectrophotometer beam. Later, their analyses were carried out in the air/PMMA ratio. The graphs of individual profiles of the measurements along the length were constructed according to each of the filters from the spectrophotometric analysis. In addition, descriptive statistics of transmittance and absorbance for each wavelength presented were correlated for each filter. RESULTS It is possible to observe that the minimum absorption measure was found in the Red Filter, especially in the blue and green light spectrum. CONCLUSION Using filters in PMMA materials appears to improve visual quality in corneal implants, especially the red filter, due to greater absorbance of light leading to fewer light scattering phenomena through corneal rings. However, further studies comparing the effects of different filters on Intracorneal rings should be carried out to elucidate this field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Felipe Rodrigues
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Kaplan Moscovici
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Lopes Hoehne
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Silveira de Queiroz Campos
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Walton Nosé
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kasikci M, Sul S, Simsek HC, Karalezli A, Simsek M, Korkmaz S. Effect of the Presence of Silicone Oil in the Anterior Chamber After Complicated Retinal Detachment Surgery on Corneal Morphology by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. Curr Eye Res 2023; 48:704-711. [PMID: 37081812 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2023.2202366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the corneal endothelium, stromal keratocytes, subbasal nerve number and density in patients with silicone oil transferred to the anterior camera after pseudophakic complicated retinal detachment surgery by in vivo laser scanning confocal microscopy (IVLSCM). METHODS Sequential measurements were made by IVLSCM between 3-6 months after surgery in two groups of patients: a) with silicon oil migration (Group 1) and without silicone oil migration (Group 2). RESULTS A total of 63 cases (Group 1: 32 and Group 2: 31) were examined. The mean ages of patients were 65 ± 12 and 61 ± 11 and M/F ratio was 18/14 and 17/14, respectively. Mean intraocular pressures were 16.60 ± 4.60 and 15.75 ± 5.70 mm Hg, respectively. Changes were detected by IVLSCM mostly on the superior part of the cornea. A significant decrease in endothelial cell density and the number was detected in group 1 (2072 ± 116.2 cells/mm2 vs 2752 ± 512.3 cells/mm2; p < 0.001). Significant increases in posterior keratocyte density and stromal hyperreflective deposits were observed in group 1 (887 ± 45.8 cells/mm2 vs 725 ± 65.8 cells/mm2; p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between the size of stromal deposits and endothelial cell density (r=-0.758; p < 0.001). The number and density of corneal subbasal nerves were significantly lower in group 1 (1.8 ± 0.8 and 4.8 ± 1.2 vs 420 ± 101 and 701 ± 112 µm/square; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION IVLSCM is a useful tool for the early detection of corneal abnormalities caused by silicone oil injection. This study verified silicone oil's detrimental effect on the corneal endothelium and revealed stromal changes in the anterior chamber, which we believe can be also been associated with the presence of silicone oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kasikci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Education and Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Sabahattin Sul
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Cem Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Aylin Karalezli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University School of Medicine, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Merve Simsek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University Education and Research Hospital, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Safak Korkmaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
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Gaetani M, Di Gennaro D, Vimercati A, Vitagliano A, Dellino M, Malvasi A, Loizzi V, Pinto V, Cicinelli E, Di Naro E, Lacalandra A, Damiani GR. Cornual Pregnancy. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther 2023; 12:130-134. [PMID: 37807987 PMCID: PMC10553601 DOI: 10.4103/gmit.gmit_10_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cornual pregnancy (CP) is a subtype of ectopic pregnancy that is implanted in the interstitial segment of the fallopian tube which is defined as the tubal section crossing uterine muscular tissue. Widely recognized risk factors for CP are endometriosis, uterine leiomyomata, or pelvic inflammatory disease; all these diseases can cause tubal anatomic changes and consequently alter embryo physiological implant process. Many treatment options are available for this condition each one must be tailored according to patient and operating scenario. The incidence of uterine ruptures in the scarred uterus appears to be low, but the fear of it remains and therefore medical treatment might be favored over cornual wedge resection. The actual risk of uterine rupture after medical treatment is unknown. Multiple testing strategies exist to diagnose CP, but caution needs to be used to avoid a false diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gaetani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Gennaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Vimercati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Amerigo Vitagliano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Miriam Dellino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Malvasi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vera Loizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pinto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ettore Cicinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Edoardo Di Naro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Lacalandra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Gianluca Raffaello Damiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Gynaecologic and Obstetrics Clinic, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Chen M, Chen X, Li X, Wang J, Wu J, Wang Q, Huang Y, Li Z, Wang L. Subconjunctival administration of mesenchymal stem cells alleviates ocular inflammation in a murine model of corneal alkali burn. Stem Cells 2023:7123663. [PMID: 37061809 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Corneal alkali burns cause extensive damage not only on the cornea but also into the intraocular tissues. As an anti-inflammatory therapy, subconjunctival administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for corneal protection after corneal alkali burn has been explored. Little evidence demonstrates the potential of subconjunctival MSCs delivery in protecting the post-burn intraocular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of subconjunctival injection of human placental (hP)-MSCs in protecting against ocular destruction after the burn. hP-MSCs were subconjunctivally administered to C57/BL mice after corneal alkali burn. Western blot of iNOS and CD206 was performed to determine the M1, M2 macrophage infiltration in the cornea. Infiltration of inflammatory cells in the anterior uvea and retina were analyzed by flow cytometry. The TUNEL assay or Western blot of Bax and Bcl2 was used to evaluate the anti-apoptotic effects of MSCs. MSCs could effectively facilitate cornea repair by suppressing inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, MCP-1, and MMP9, and polarizing CD206 positive M2 macrophages. Anterior uveal and retinal inflammatory cytokines expression and inflammatory cells infiltration were inhibited in the MSC-treated group. Reduced TUNEL positive staining and Bax/Bcl2 ratio indicated the anti-apoptosis of MSCs. MSC-conditioned medium promoted human corneal epithelial cell proliferation and regulated LPS-stimulated inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages, confirming the trophic and immunoregulatory effects of MSCs. Our findings demonstrate that subconjunctival administration of MSCs exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects in the cornea, anterior uvea, and retina after corneal alkali burn. This strategy may provide a new direction for preventing post-event complications after corneal alkali burn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiong Chen
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoniao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Junyi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zongjin Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
- State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, China
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Joksimovic M, Ford BA, Lazic T, Soldatovic I, Luzetsky S, Grozdanic S. Antibiotic Recommendations for Treatment of Canine Stromal Corneal Ulcers. Vet Sci 2023; 10. [PMID: 36851370 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to identify the aerobic bacterial isolates and determine corresponding antibiotic susceptibility profiles in vitro in canine clinical specimens with stromal corneal ulcers, with the goal of providing recommendations for first-line treatment with antibiotics. A total of 198 canine corneal stromal ulcer samples were studied between 2018 and 2021. A corneal swab was collected and cultured under aerobic conditions. Bacterial organisms were identified at the species level by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility testing for commonly used topical and systemic antibiotics was performed by disk diffusion. Bacterial growth was obtained from 80% of samples. A variety of bacterial species were identified wherein the most common specimens were represented by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (22%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (12%), Staphylococcus capitis (11%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10%). Based on the overall antibiotic susceptibility data, neopolybac alone (96%) or a combination of neopolybac with either ofloxacin or amikacin (each 99%) showed the best coverage for commonly isolated bacterial organisms from canine corneal stromal ulcers. Results of this study support the use of the combined antibiotics as the first-line response for the treatment of canine corneal stromal ulcers. A statically significant increase in acquired bacterial resistance was detected during the longitudinal data observation.
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Li F, Wang K, Liu Z. In Vivo Biomechanical Measurements of the Cornea. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10010120. [PMID: 36671692 PMCID: PMC9854753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In early corneal examinations, the relationships between the morphological and biomechanical features of the cornea were unclear. Although consistent links have been demonstrated between the two in certain cases, these are not valid in many diseased states. An accurate assessment of the corneal biomechanical properties is essential for understanding the condition of the cornea. Studies on corneal biomechanics in vivo suggest that clinical problems such as refractive surgery and ectatic corneal disease are closely related to changes in biomechanical parameters. Current techniques are available to assess the mechanical characteristics of the cornea in vivo. Accordingly, various attempts have been expended to obtain the relevant mechanical parameters from different perspectives, using the air-puff method, ultrasound, optical techniques, and finite element analyses. However, a measurement technique that can comprehensively reflect the full mechanical characteristics of the cornea (gold standard) has not yet been developed. We review herein the in vivo measurement techniques used to assess corneal biomechanics, and discuss their advantages and limitations to provide a comprehensive introduction to the current state of technical development to support more accurate clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanshu Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kehao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ziyuan Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence:
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Costa GL, Leonardi F, Interlandi C, Spadola F, Fisichella S, Macrì F, Nastasi B, Macrì D, Ferrantelli V, Di Pietro S. Levobupivacaine Combined with Cisatracurium in Peribulbar Anaesthesia in Cats Undergoing Corneal and Lens Surgery. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13010170. [PMID: 36611778 PMCID: PMC9817947 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of the study included evaluating the effects of levobupivacaine combined with cisatracurium on akinesia and mydriasis when administered by peribulbar injection, and evaluating if the chosen dose of cisatracurium is enough to avoid the use of systemic neuromuscular blockade in cats. The animals were divided into four groups as follows: group L received 1.25 mg kg-1 levobupivacaine administered by peribulbar injection; group LC received the same dose of levobupivacaine combined with 0.01 mg kg-1 of cisatracurium administered by peribulbar injection; group C received 0.01 mg kg-1 of cisatracurium administered by peribulbar injection; group GC received 0.01 mg kg-1 of cisatracurium intravenously. Physiological variables, intraocular pressure, akinesia, and mydriasis were measured before and up to 30 min after peribulbar injection. The onset of akinesia, duration of akinesia, and train of four (TOF) were evaluated. Physiological variables remained in the physiological range in all groups. Effective akinesia and mydriasis were observed in all groups. The (TOF) was 0.9 in all groups. Throughout the study was observed in group LC a shortened onset of akinesia and a prolonging its duration. The peribulbar injection of cisatracurium and levobupivacaine provided effective akinesia and mydriasis, and shortened the onset of akinesia while prolonging its duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna L. Costa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Leonardi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Claudia Interlandi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39(0)90-676-6758
| | - Filippo Spadola
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Sheila Fisichella
- Evidensia Veterinarhuset Sundsvall, Regementsvagen 9, 85238 Sundsvall, Sweden
| | - Francesco Macrì
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Bernadette Nastasi
- École Nationale Vétérinaire d’Alfort Unité d’anesthésie et reanimation, Pôle anesthésie et réanimation, Urgences et Soins Intensives 7, Av Du Général de Gaulle, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Daniele Macrì
- Zooprophylactic Institute, Via Gino Marinuzzi 3, 90100 Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Simona Di Pietro
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Via Palatucci Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
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9
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Foo VHX, Mehta J, Chan ASY, Ong HS. Case Report: Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis in Systemic Solid Tumour Malignancies. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:907285. [PMID: 35712100 PMCID: PMC9193368 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.907285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe a case series of peripheral ulcerative keratitis (PUK) as a paraneoplastic condition in three patients with known underlying systemic solid tumor malignancies. Observations Three patients with different systemic malignancies (1 recurrent breast cancer, 1 metastatic thyroid cancer, and 1 metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma) were identified to have PUK with significant corneal stromal melt. Autoimmune and infective work up for other etiologies were all negative. They all responded well to topical steroids and intravenous methylprednisolone. One patient had recurrences of her PUK and required repeated amniotic grafts and tectonic keratoplasties before her corneal condition stabilized. Conclusions and Importance PUK can be a rare manifestation of systemic solid tumor malignancies. Although PUK may not be an indicator of progression of the underlying malignancy, it can be sight-threatening. This case series highlights the necessity for clinicians to refer patients with systemic malignancies presenting with inflamed eyes for an early ophthalmological review. This facilitates the detection of this blinding disease, allowing for early therapeutic interventions and potentially better visual outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valencia Hui Xian Foo
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir Mehta
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anita Sook Yee Chan
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Ophthalmology and Visual Science Academic Clinical Research Program, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
The corneal epithelium (CE) forms the outermost layer of the cornea. Despite its thickness of only 50 μm, the CE plays a key role as an initial barrier against any insults to the eye and contributes to the light refraction onto the retina required for clear vision. In the event of an injury, the cornea is equipped with many strategies contributing to competent wound healing, including angiogenic and immune privileges, and mechanotransduction. Various factors, including growth factors, keratin, cytokines, integrins, crystallins, basement membrane, and gap junction proteins are involved in CE wound healing and serve as markers in the healing process. Studies of CE wound healing are advancing rapidly in tandem with the rise of corneal bioengineering, which employs limbal epithelial stem cells as the primary source of cells utilizing various types of biomaterials as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norzana Abd Ghafar
- Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nahdia Afiifah Abdul Jalil
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Taty Anna Kamarudin
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 56000Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Tutchenko L, Patel S, Voytsekhivskyy O, Skovron M, Horak O. The influence of routine uncomplicated phacoemulsification on the orthogonality of the cornea. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1073-1079. [PMID: 33913835 PMCID: PMC8186582 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1168_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of routine uncomplicated phacoemulsification on the orthogonal distribution of mass within the central optical zone of the cornea. Methods: Astigmatism at both corneal surfaces was evaluated using Orbscan II (Bausch &and Lomb) before and up to 3 months after routine phacoemulsification (one eye/patient). The data were subjected to vector analysis to estimate the pre-and postoperative total astigmatism of the cornea (TCA). Results: Reporting the chief findings in minus cylinder (diopters, DC) over the central 3 mm (A) and 5 mm (B) optical zones. Mean TCA powers (±sd) at pre- and 3-months postop were A) –4.45DC (±2.00) and –5.69DC (±2.69), B) –2.91DC (±2.22) and –2.71DC (±1.60). Change in mean power was significant over 3 mm (P < 0.01, n = 49) but not over 5 mm. Inter-zonal differences were significant (P < 0.01). There was a significant linear relationship between the change in TCA power (y = preoperative-postoperative) and TCA at preoperative stage (x) where, A) y = 0.45x + 3.12 (r = 0.336, n = 49, P = 0.018), B) y = x + 2.65 (r = 0.753, n = 49, P = <0.01). Over the central 3 mm zone only, change (preoperative-postoperative) in axis (°) of TCA (y1) was significantly associated with TCA axis at preoperative stage (x1) where y1 = 1.391x1-0.008x12-0.701 (r = 0.635, n = 49, P < 0.01). Conclusion: Changes in TCA power and axis at 3 months postop, determined using Orbscan II, are indicative of orthogonal alterations in the distribution of corneal tissue. Over the central 3 mm zone, the association between y1 and x1 shows that a change in TCA axis is more profound when preoperative axis is near 90° i.e., against-the-rule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larysa Tutchenko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shupyk National Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education; Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital "Eye Microsurgical Center", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sudi Patel
- NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Mykhailo Skovron
- Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital "Eye Microsurgical Center", Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olha Horak
- Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital "Eye Microsurgical Center", Kyiv, Ukraine
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Forneris N, Levy H, Burlak C. Xenotransplantation literature update, July/August 2019. Xenotransplantation 2019; 26:e12561. [PMID: 31562656 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Forneris
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Heather Levy
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Souza MB, de Medeiros FW, Villela FF, Alves MR. Relationship between the biomechanical properties of the cornea and anterior segment measurements. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2018; 73:e491. [PMID: 30281681 PMCID: PMC6137613 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2018/e491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship of biomechanical properties, corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor with age, sex and various corneal parameters measured with a Pentacam in normal subjects. METHODS A total of 226 eyes from 113 patients were enrolled in this study. The subjects underwent Ocular Response Analyzer and Pentacam evaluations. A varying-intercept multilevel regression was implemented using Bayesian inference. The predictor variables were age, sex, central corneal thickness, corneal volume at a 7-mm diameter, anterior chamber angle and volume, anterior chamber depth, mean radius of the corneal curvature and corneal astigmatism. RESULTS Corneal hysteresis ranged from 5.5 to 14.8 mmHg (mean 10.42±1.74 mmHg), and the corneal resistance factor ranged from 5.7 to 15.5 mmHg (mean 10.23±1.88 mmHg). No predictor variable other than gender and central corneal thickness had a significant correlation with either corneal hysteresis or corneal resistance factor. Corneal hysteresis was positively associated with female sex and with central corneal thickness, and corneal resistance factor was positively associated with central corneal thickness. CONCLUSION Despite the associations found, only a small fraction of the variance in biomechanical measurements could be explained by the descriptors that were evaluated, indicating the influence of other corneal aspects on the biomechanical characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Barreto Souza
- Divisao de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Fabricio Witzel de Medeiros
- Divisao de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Flavio Fernandes Villela
- Divisao de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
| | - Milton Ruiz Alves
- Divisao de Oftalmologia, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, BR
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Abstract
RATIONALE Recently, some ophthalmologists performed PRK or LASEK surgeries in FFKC suspicious patients, which is supposed to prevent FFKC evolvement via fibrotic scar formation. Our report indicates that keratectasia can occur after LASEK in FFKC suspicious patients, highlighting the importance of stricter regulation of patient recruitment before the procedure and postoperative follow-up. PATIENT CONCERNS This is a report of a 25-year-old man with poor corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) 6 years after LASEK. Preoperatively, central corneal thickness was 532 μm in right eye and 528 μm in leftt eye; corneal keratometry was 42.0/40.3diopters (D) in the right eye and 42.5/40.6D in the left eye; the CDVA was 2/50 in both eyes with the CDVA being 20/20 with -6.00DS/-2.00DC×30 in the right eye and -8.00DS/-2.00DCx150 in the left eye. Six years after LASEK, the CDVA was 20/50 with -5.75DS/-1.75DC×170 in the right eye and 10/50 with -15.00DS/-5.00DC ×155 in the left eye. DIAGNOSES Bilateral keratectasia. INTERVENTIONS Slit lamp examination, postoperative and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) were performed in both eyes. OUTCOMES Examination under the slit lamp showed thinning and protrusion of the central cornea. Corneal topography showed significant inferior steepening with an irregular astigmatism, the corneal thickness at the thinnest point was 376μm and 350 μm and anterior surface keratometry was 43.1/41.2 D and 50.0/48.4 D in the right eye and left eye, respectively (right eye maximum K, 52.1 D; left eye maximum K, 65.6 D). Thin and irregular bands and hyper-reflective deposits in the Bowman's layer were found in IVCM images. LESSONS The case indicates that ectasia can occur after LASEK in pre-existing forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) suspicious patients, highlighting the importance of a stringent preoperative workup on patients before the procedure and proper postoperative follow-up.
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Moore BA, Paul-Murphy JR, Adamson KL, Dubielzig RR, Kern T, Gonzales BJ, Wolff P, Murphy CJ. Lipoidal corneal degeneration in aged falcons. Vet Ophthalmol 2018; 21:332-338. [PMID: 29350449 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To present a case series of idiopathic lipoidal corneal degeneration in falcons. ANIMALS STUDIED Five falcons including three peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus), one prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), and one red-naped shaheen (Falco peregrinus babylonicus) were observed to develop slowly progressive corneal opacification that began at the temporal limbus and extended centripetally across the cornea over a period of years. Four of the birds were over 20 years old. PROCEDURES All animals underwent complete ophthalmic examinations. A red-naped shaheen underwent ocular imaging via spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Two peregrine falcons were euthanized due to declining health, and their eyes were examined histologically. RESULTS The opacities were pale and granular, with frequent vascularization associated perilimbally. Diffuse neutral lipid was observed in stromal cells throughout the corneal stroma of both clear and opaque areas of the cornea, sparing only the acellular anterior limiting lamina. Clusters of cholesterol crystals surrounded by macrophages were present in the mid-stroma. Fibrosis was evident in a subepithelial location, which separated the epithelium from the anterior limiting lamina. Ultrastructurally, diffuse vacuolization of the keratocytes was observed. No other ophthalmic or systemic abnormalities were noted. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that lipid degeneration occurs rarely in captive falcons of advanced age. The underlying cause is unclear. Though unsubstantiated, possible contributing factors include dyslipoproteinemia, corneal trauma, diet, and age-related alterations in corneal metabolism. The initiation of pathology at the temporal limbus, as well as slow progression, suggests that exposure contributes to the onset and progression of this unique keratopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret A Moore
- School of Veterinary Medicine, William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California-Davis, 1 Garrod Drive, Davis, CA, 95695, USA
| | - Joanne R Paul-Murphy
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kathleen L Adamson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard R Dubielzig
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Thomas Kern
- Department of Clinical Sciences, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, 602 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Ben J Gonzales
- Wildlife Investigations Laboratory, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, 1701 Nimbus Road Suite D, Rancho Cordova, CA, 95670, USA
| | - Peregrine Wolff
- Nevada Department of Wildlife, 6980 Sierra Center Pkwy Suite 120, Reno, NV, 89511, USA
| | - Christopher J Murphy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Shahraki K, Fard MNA, Shahri F, Pourmatin R, Mohammadi T, Boroumand PG, Shahraki K. Effects of intracameral cefuroxime on corneal endothelial cell counts and its morphology after cataract surgery. Interv Med Appl Sci 2017; 9:100-104. [PMID: 28932504 PMCID: PMC5598127 DOI: 10.1556/1646.9.2017.2.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endophthalmitis is one of the most important complications after cataract surgery and in case event can cause many symptoms, such as severe decrease in eyesight and/or even the loss of vision. Employing methods to reduce this problem is very important. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intracameral cefuroxime after cataract surgery on corneal endothelial cell counts and its morphology. Methods In this study, 32 eyes of 30 patients underwent endothelial cell count and morphology assessment by ConfoScan III device before and 1 month after cataract surgery. All patients undertaken cataract surgery by one surgeon and by one method. Intracameral cefuroxime (1 mg/0.1 ml) was used as prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis at the end of operation. Results In this study, the rate of corneal endothelial cell loss 1 month after cataract surgery was 8.4%, and the rate of endothelial cells polymegathism before and after cataract surgery did not differ statistically. During the follow-up period, there were no cases of endophthalmitis or other complications. Conclusion With regard to the importance of the intracameral cefuroxime in a reduction in the rate of endophthalmitis after cataract surgery and that harmful effects on the endothelial cells were not seen, this method can be considered as a suitable method for endophthalmitis prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kourosh Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Naeim Amini Fard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Farkhondeh Shahri
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Tafgeh Mohammadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | | | - Kianoush Shahraki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Moshirfar M, Wallace RT, Skanchy DF, Desautels JD, Linn SH, Hoopes PC, Durrie DS. Short-term visual result after simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy and small-aperture cornea inlay implantation. Clin Ophthalmol 2016; 10:2265-2270. [PMID: 27956824 PMCID: PMC5113909 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s118590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the short-term results of simultaneous photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and small-aperture cornea inlay implantation (KAMRA) surgery in treating presbyopia. METHODS Simultaneous PRK and KAMRA inlay surgery was performed on 21 patients from July 2015 to March 2016. Follow-up exams were conducted at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Our patients were also divided preoperatively into three categories: myopic, hyperopic, and emmetropic. Over the 6-month period, the main outcome measures were uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), changes in best-corrected distance visual acuity, and mean spherical equivalent refraction. RESULTS At 6-month follow-up, 83% (10/12) of patients had a monocular UNVA of 20/40 or better, and 75% had a binocular UNVA of 20/40 (J5) or better. At 6 months, the overall mean refractive spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -0.60 D (±0.42 standard deviation [SD], range: -1.38 to -0.13) with a mean change of -0.43 D (±1.19 SD, range: -1.5 to 2.63) compared to preoperative data. Overall, 91% (10/11) of patients were within a ±0.5 D range of our target -0.75 D for KAMRA use. One-hundred percent (5/5) of the hyperopes, 50% (1/2) of emmetropes, and 100% (4/4) of myopes met the targeted range. At 6 months, the MRSE for the hyperopic subgroup (n=5) was 0.33 D (±0.20 SD), the MRSE for the emmetropic subgroup (n=2) was -1.19 D (±0.19 SD), and the MRSE for the myopic subgroup (n=4) was -0.66 D (±0.36 SD). CONCLUSION Based on preliminary results and a small sample size, it seems that simultaneous PRK and KAMRA is effective and predictable. There are multiple advantages in performing simultaneous PRK and KAMRA including a shorter recovery time and less steroid use than the two surgeries performed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Moshirfar
- Hoopes, Durrie, Rivera, Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT
| | | | - David F Skanchy
- McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | | | - Steven H Linn
- Hoopes, Durrie, Rivera, Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT
| | - Phillip C Hoopes
- Hoopes, Durrie, Rivera, Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT
| | - Daniel S Durrie
- Hoopes, Durrie, Rivera, Research Center, Hoopes Vision, Draper, UT; Durrie Vision, Overland Park, KS, USA
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Tetas Pont R, Downs L, Pettitt L, Busse C, Mellersh CS. A Carbohydrate Sulfotransferase-6 (CHST6) gene mutation is associated with Macular Corneal Dystrophy in Labrador Retrievers. Vet Ophthalmol 2016; 19:488-492. [PMID: 26585178 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To locate and identify variants associated with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD) in Labrador Retriever (LR) dogs, in the candidate gene carbohydrate sulfotransferase-6 (CHST6). METHODS The single coding exon of canine CHST6 was sequenced in one affected LR with MCD and one control LR clinically clear of ocular disease. A further 71 control LR with unknown clinical status were sequenced for the putative causal variant in CHST6. A TaqMan SNP genotyping assay was developed and used to screen an additional 84 dogs (five affected LR and 79 clinically clear LR). Finally, the variant was screened in a third cohort of 89 unrelated LR with unknown clinical status to estimate its allele frequency in the population of LR in the United Kingdom. RESULTS A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified within the coding exon of CHST6, resulting in a missense mutation (c.814C>A, p.R272S). All six LR affected with MCD were homozygous for the mutant allele, while 140/151 control LR were homozygous for the wild-type allele and 11/151 were heterozygous for the mutation, indicating an association with MCD (P < 10-5 ). The mutant allele was present in the unrelated LR cohort at a frequency of 0.017, suggesting carrier and affection rates of 3.3% and 0.028%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A missense mutation in the CHST6 gene is strongly associated with autosomal recessive MCD in the LR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roser Tetas Pont
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, CB8 7UU, UK.
| | - Louise Downs
- Canine Genetics, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Louise Pettitt
- Canine Genetics, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Claudia Busse
- Comparative Ophthalmology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, CB8 7UU, UK
| | - Cathryn S Mellersh
- Canine Genetics, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, CB8 7UU, UK
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Abstract
Aim The aim of the study was to describe the corneal endothelial cell density of adults at the MeCure Eye Center and to determine the relationship between age, sex, and corneal endothelial cell density. Methods This study was a retrospective study looking at those records of individuals who had undergone specular microscopy or corneal endothelial cell count measurement at the MeCure Eye Center. Results The endothelial cell characteristics of 359 healthy eyes of 201 volunteers were studied. The mean corneal endothelial cell density (MCD) was 2,610.26±371.87 cells/mm2 (range, 1,484–3,571 cells/mm2). The MCD decreased from 2,860.70 cells/mm2 in the 20–30-year age group to 2,493.06 cells/mm2 in the >70-year age group, and there was a statistically significant relationship between age and MCD with a P-value of <0.001. There was no statistically significant correlation between sex and corneal endothelial cell density (P=0.45). Conclusion This study shows that endothelial cell density in Nigerian eyes is less than that reported in the Japanese, American, and Chinese eyes, and is comparable to that seen in Indian and Malaysian eyes.
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20
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Lin Y, Ma Q, Lin S, Zhou H, Wen Q, Gao S, Cheng G. Inhibitory effects of 90Sr/ 90Y β-irradiation on alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization in rats. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:409-414. [PMID: 26893623 PMCID: PMC4734155 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of 90Sr-90Y β-irradiation in a rat model of alkali burn-induced corneal neovascularization (CNV). Alkali burn-induced CNV was induced in the right eyes of 30 female Wistar rats, which were randomly divided into the following three groups (n=10/group): i) The alkali burn control group, which received a balanced salt solution treatment; ii) group 1, which received treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors; and iii) group 2, which received 90Sr-90Y β-irradiation treatment. A further 10 female Wistar rats comprised a blank control group and received only balanced salt solution. Digital photographs of the corneas were acquired and the area of NV was calculated. In addition, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor (VEGFR)-1 and VEGFR-2 in alkali-burned rat corneas were determined using western blot analysis. The results suggested that the number of new vessels and the area of CNV were significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2, as compared with the alkali burn group at each time point (P<0.05). In addition, the number of inflammatory cells and the degree of edema were decreased in groups 1 and 2, as compared with the alkali burn group, with group 2 exhibiting the most marked reduction. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of MMP-9, VEGF, VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 were significantly decreased in groups 1 and 2, as compared with the alkali burn control group, with group 2 exhibiting the most significant reduction (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggested that 90Sr-90Y β-irradiation and angiogenesis inhibitor treatments were able to inhibit alkali burn-induced CNV, although 90Sr-90Y β-irradiation may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiang Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qingjie Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shan Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Shi Gao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Guanghui Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the features of corneal epithelial thickness topography with Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in dry eye patients. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 100 symptomatic dry eye patients and 35 normal subjects were enrolled. All participants answered the ocular surface disease index questionnaire and were subjected to OCT, corneal fluorescein staining, tear breakup time, Schirmer 1 test without anesthetic (S1t), and meibomian morphology. Several epithelium statistics for each eye, including central, superior, inferior, minimum, maximum, minimum - maximum, and map standard deviation, were averaged. Correlations of epithelial thickness with the symptoms of dry eye were calculated. RESULTS The mean (±SD) central, superior, and inferior corneal epithelial thickness was 53.57 (±3.31) μm, 52.00 (±3.39) μm, and 53.03 (±3.67) μm in normal eyes and 52.71 (±2.83) μm, 50.58 (±3.44) μm, and 52.53 (±3.36) μm in dry eyes, respectively. The superior corneal epithelium was thinner in dry eye patients compared with normal subjects (p = 0.037), whereas central and inferior epithelium were not statistically different. In the dry eye group, patients with higher severity grades had thinner superior (p = 0.017) and minimum (p < 0.001) epithelial thickness, more wide range (p = 0.032), and greater deviation (p = 0.003). The average central epithelial thickness had no correlation with tear breakup time, S1t, or the severity of meibomian glands, whereas average superior epithelial thickness positively correlated with S1t (r = 0.238, p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS Fourier-domain OCT demonstrated that the thickness map of the dry eye corneal epithelium was thinner than normal eyes in the superior region. In more severe dry eye disease patients, the superior and minimum epithelium was much thinner, with a greater range of map standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhan Cui
- *MD †MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, School of Shanghai Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (XC, JH, FW, YY, DW, YZ, JX); School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, China (JH); State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science, Shanghai, China (JH); Health Communication Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (JH); Department of Ophthalmology, the Jules Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California (SXD); and Department of Ophthalmology, Jinshan Hospital, School of Shanghai Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China (XZ)
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Overton TL, Allbaugh RA, Whitley D, Ben-Shlomo G, Griggs A, Tofflemire KL, Whitley EM. A pulse-dose topical 1% 5-fluorouracil treatment regimen in a young dog with corneal squamous cell carcinoma. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:350-4. [PMID: 25270617 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the use of a pulse-dose topical 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment regimen in a Pug dog with corneal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS A 1-year-old, spayed female Pug was evaluated for a corneal perforation of the right eye, which was surgically stabilized with a conjunctival pedicle graft. At the time of medial canthoplasty 7 weeks later, two areas of gray-white discoloration had developed medial and lateral to the graft. Biopsy samples were obtained via superficial keratectomy while under general anesthesia. RESULTS Definitive diagnosis of corneal SCC was made through histopathological examination of the surgical biopsies. Thoracic radiography and submandibular lymph node cytology revealed no evidence of metastatic neoplasia. Following healing of the corneal biopsy sites, topical 1% 5-FU ointment was applied four times daily for four consecutive days once a month, for six treatment cycles. Twenty-three months after diagnosis, the patient remains visual and comfortable with no evidence of SCC recurrence. Long-term therapy with once daily topical 1% cyclosporine solution was used to manage corneal pigmentation bilaterally. CONCLUSIONS The pulse-therapy 1% 5-FU protocol was a successful, convenient, and cost-effective adjunctive treatment with few adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn L Overton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Rachel A Allbaugh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - David Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Gil Ben-Shlomo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Angel Griggs
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Kyle L Tofflemire
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Whitley
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1600 S. 16th St., Ames, IA, 50011, USA
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Einighammer J, Oltrup T, Bende T, Jean B. The Individual Virtual Eye: a Computer Model for Advanced Intraocular Lens Calculation. J Optom 2009; 2:70-82. [PMCID: PMC3972781 DOI: 10.3921/joptom.2009.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To describe the individual virtual eye, a computer model of a human eye with respect to its optical properties. It is based on measurements of an individual person and one of its major application is calculating intraocular lenses (IOLs) for cataract surgery. Methods The model is constructed from an eye's geometry, including axial length and topographic measurements of the anterior corneal surface. All optical components of a pseudophakic eye are modeled with computer scientific methods. A spline-based interpolation method efficiently includes data from corneal topographic measurements. The geometrical optical properties, such as the wavefront aberration, are simulated with real ray-tracing using Snell's law. Optical components can be calculated using computer scientific optimization procedures. The geometry of customized aspheric IOLs was calculated for 32 eyes and the resulting wavefront aberration was investigated. Results The more complex the calculated IOL is, the lower the residual wavefront error is. Spherical IOLs are only able to correct for the defocus, while toric IOLs also eliminate astigmatism. Spherical aberration is additionally reduced by aspheric and toric aspheric IOLs. The efficient implementation of time-critical numerical ray-tracing and optimization procedures allows for short calculation times, which may lead to a practicable method integrated in some device. Conclusions The individual virtual eye allows for simulations and calculations regarding geometrical optics for individual persons. This leads to clinical applications like IOL calculation, with the potential to overcome the limitations of those current calculation methods that are based on paraxial optics, exemplary shown by calculating customized aspheric IOLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Einighammer
- Corresponding author: University Hospital, Tübingen. Centre for Ophthalmology. Institute for Ophthalmic Research. Section for Experimental Ophthalmic Surgery, Derendinger Str. 41. D-72072 Tübingen, Germany.
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Lu F, Wu J, Qu J, Wang Q, Xu C, Zhou X, Shen Y, He JC. Association between Offset of the Pupil Center from the Corneal Vertex and Wavefront Aberration. J Optom 2008; 1. [PMCID: PMC3972708 DOI: 10.3921/joptom.2008.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the influence of offsets of the pupil center from the corneal vertex on wavefront aberrations in the anterior cornea and the whole eye. Methods Both right and left eyes of 103 subjects were measured for the wavefront aberrations in the anterior cornea, along with the offset of the pupil center relative to the corneal vertex, using a Humphrey corneal topographer, and for the wavefront aberration in the whole eye using a WASCA wavefront sensor. Correlations of the pupil center offsets with the Zernike aberrations were tested. Results X-axis shift of the pupil center from the corneal vertex was significantly correlated to horizontal coma for both the right (r = 0.54, P<0.0001) and left eyes (r=0.48, P<0.0001) in the cornea, but was weakly correlated to the coma in the whole eye (r=0.17, P=0.04 for OD; and r=0.17, P=0.05 for OS). Significant but weak correlations with the x-axis pupil center shift were also found for several other Zernike aberrations, including the oblique astigmatism, vertical trefoil and secondary astigmatism. Very few Zernike aberrations were significantly correlated to y-axis pupil center shift. Most Zernike aberrations were significantly correlated between the right and left eyes to produce bilateral symmetry in the cornea and the whole eye. Conclusions The results suggest that offset of the pupil center from the corneal vertex plays an important role in determining horizontal coma and few other Zernike aberrations. Factors controlling bilateral symmetry of the wavefront aberrations between the two eyes could make important contributions to wavefront aberrations in the human eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Lu
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - JiangXiu Wu
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - Jia Qu
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - QinMei Wang
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - ChenChen Xu
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - XiangTian Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - YeYu Shen
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
| | - Ji C. He
- Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China
- New England College of Optometry, 424, Beacon Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author: J.H. Wenzhou Medical College, 82 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027. China.
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