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Jiang L, Du Z, Sun W, Zhu S, Xiong L, Fang X, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Lei X, Zeng Q, Wang Z, Hu Y. Associations between corneal curvature and other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8305. [PMID: 38594402 PMCID: PMC11004108 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59037-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the associations between corneal curvature (CC) and other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. In this retrospective multi-center study, 7893 young myopic adults were included. CC and other anterior segment biometrics were measured by Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam). CC was defined as SimK at central 3 mm area, and other anterior segment biometrics included white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW), central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV) at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm area, anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA), posterior corneal astigmatism (PCA), anterior corneal eccentricity (ACE) and asphericity (ACAP), posterior corneal eccentricity (PCE) and asphericity (PCAP), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). Univariate regression analyses were used to assess the associations between CC and other anterior segment biometrics, and multivariate regression analyses were further performed to adjusted for age, gender and spherical equivalent. CC was higher in patients of female gender and higher myopia (all P < 0.05). Eyes in higher CC quartiles had lower WTW, thinner CCT, lower CV at 3 mm and 5 mm, lower ACD, and lower ACV (all P < 0.001), but had larger ACA, larger PCA, less PCE and less PCAP (all P < 0.001), compared to eyes in lower CC quartiles. The trends of CV at 7 mm, ACE and ACAP were inconsistent in different CC quartiles. After adjusting for age, gender and spherical equivalent with multivariate linear regression, CC was positively correlated to CV at 7 mm (βs = 0.069), ACA (βs = 0.194), PCA (βs = 0.187), ACE (βs = 0.072), PCAP (βs = 0.087), and ACD (βs = 0.027) (all P < 0.05), but was negatively correlated to WTW (βs = - 0.432), CCT (βs = - 0.087), CV-3 mm (βs = - 0.066), ACAP (βs = - 0.043), PCE (βs = - 0.062), and ACV (βs = - 0.188) (all P < 0.05). CC was associated with most of the other anterior segment biometrics in young myopic adults. These associations are important for better understanding of the interactions between different anterior segment structures in young myopic patients, and are also useful for the exploration of the pathogenesis of myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanqing Zhu
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Fang
- Refractive Surgery Center, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Refractive Surgery Center, Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyan Zeng
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, China.
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yijun Hu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Shapira Y, Ullrich K, Masqood S, Okafor L, Malhotra R. Eyelid Skin Grafting in Young Patients with Facial Nerve Palsy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2142. [PMID: 38610907 PMCID: PMC11012737 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13072142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to report outcomes of eyelid full-thickness skin grafting augmentation in facial nerve palsy (FNP) patients younger than 50 years of age. Methods: In a retrospective, consecutive case series, nine eyelid skin grafts performed on eight FNP patients with skin contraction (five females; median age 42 years [range, 17-47]) are presented. In most cases, upper eyelid skin grafting was combined with levator recession and anterior lamellar repositioning. Lower eyelid skin grafting was combined with lower retractors recession in all cases. Functional and cosmetic outcomes were measured preoperatively and at early (1-3 months), intermediate (3-6 months), and late (≥12 months) follow-up. Results: The corneal score improved at early follow-up (p = 0.03) and remained improved at late follow-up (p = 0.042). The gentle closure lagophthalmos was improved at late follow-up (p = 0.042). (p = 0.048). The grades of graft color, edge/skin interface, and size improved at 3-6 months post-grafting and remained improved at late follow-up (p < 0.05). Over the follow-up, four patients (50%) were recommended to have further surgical procedures. Conclusions: The preliminary results from this small cohort suggest that eyelid skin grafting is a viable option for young patients prioritizing cosmesis. This technique warrants consideration for its functional benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinon Shapira
- Department of Ophthalmology, Carmel Medical Center, Haifa 3436212, Israel
| | - Katja Ullrich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia
| | - Sundas Masqood
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, UK; (S.M.)
| | - Linda Okafor
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, UK; (S.M.)
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust, East Grinstead RH19 3DZ, UK; (S.M.)
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Jiang L, Du Z, Tang C, Zhu S, Xiong L, Fang X, Zhou J, Zhang Q, Sun W, Zeng Q, Lei X, Wang Z, Hu Y. Ocular biometrics in eyes with different white-to-white corneal diameter in young myopic adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4720. [PMID: 38413741 PMCID: PMC10899605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The interactions between white-to-white corneal diameter (WTW) and other ocular biometrics are important for planning of refractive surgery and understanding of ocular structural changes in myopia, but such interactions are rarely investigated in young myopic adults. This is a retrospective study involving 7893 young myopic adults from five centers. WTW and other ocular biometrics were measured by Pentacam. The ocular biometrics included anterior corneal curvature (AK) and posterior corneal curvature (PK), central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal volume (CV), anterior and corneal eccentricity and asphericity, anterior corneal astigmatism (ACA) and posterior corneal astigmatism, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and anterior chamber volume (ACV). The ocular biometrics were compared among eyes of different WTW quartiles. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the linear associations between WTW and other ocular biometrics adjusting for age, gender and spherical equivalent. In eyes of different WTW quartiles, other ocular biometrics were also significantly different (all P < 0.05). After adjusting for age, gender and spherical equivalent, WTW was positively correlated to AK (β = 0.26 to 0.29), ACA (β = 0.13), anterior corneal asphericity (β = 0.05), PK (β = 0.33 to 0.34), posterior corneal asphericity (β = 0.13), ACD (β = 0.29), and ACV (β = 40.69), and was negatively correlated to CCT (β = - 6.83), CV (β = - 0.06 to - 0.78), anterior corneal eccentricity (β = - 0.035), and posterior corneal eccentricity (β = - 0.14) (all P < 0.001). In conclusion, we found that in young myopic adults, larger WTW was associated with thinner corneal thickness, flatter corneal curvature, more anterior corneal toricity, less corneal eccentricity and asphericity, and broader anterior chamber. Our findings may fill in the gap of literature, and help us better understand how the anterior segment structures interact with the WTW in myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jiang
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changting Tang
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanqing Zhu
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Xiong
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Fang
- Refractive Surgery Center, Shenyang Aier Eye Hospital, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Refractive Surgery Center, Chengdu Aier Eye Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Refractive Surgery Center, Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyan Zeng
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaohua Lei
- Refractive Surgery Center, Hankou Aier Eye Hospital, Wuhan, China.
- Aier Eye Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital), Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Zheng Wang
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yijun Hu
- Guangdong Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.
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Lin HS, Zhou MT, Li JX, Zheng XL, Ding YT, Ji YT, Wang XJ, Xie YQ, Liang YB. Central anterior chamber depth correlated with white-to-white distance in normal, long, and short eyes. Int Ophthalmol 2024; 44:34. [PMID: 38332205 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-024-03014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the associations between central anterior chamber depth (CACD) and other anterior segment biometric parameters and to determine the possible determinants of CACD in short, normal, and long eyes. METHODS The biometric data of pre-operation patients aged 50-80 years with coexisting cataract and primary angle-closure disease or senile cataract were reviewed. Axial length (AL), CACD, lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and white-to-white distance (WTW) were measured by Lenstar optical biometry (Lenstar 900). The data of 100 normal eyes (AL = 22 to 26 mm), 100 short eyes (AL ≤ 22 mm), and 100 long eyes (AL ≥ 26 mm) were consecutively collected for subsequent analyses. RESULTS The mean age of the subjects was 66.60 ± 7.85 years, with 25.7% of the sample being men. Both CACD and WTW were found to be smallest in short eyes and were smaller in normal eyes than in long eyes (F = 126.524, P < 0.001; F = 28.458, P < 0.001). The mean LT was significantly thicker in short eyes than in normal and long eyes (4.66 mm versus 4.49 mm versus 4.40 mm; F = 18.099, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in CCT between the three AL groups (F = 2.135, P = 0.120). Stepwise regression analysis highlighted AL, LT, and WTW as three independent factors associated with CACD in the normal AL group. In the short AL group and long AL group, LT and WTW were independent factors associated with CACD. CONCLUSIONS CACD increases as AL elongates and reaches a peak when AL exceeds 26 mm. Furthermore, CACD showed inverse correlation with LT and positive correlation with WTW. A relatively small WTW results in an anteriorly positioned lens, and thus, a decrease in CACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Shuang Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Tian Zhou
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Xin Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuan-Li Zheng
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Tong Ding
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Ting Ji
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang Province, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
- Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yan-Qian Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China
- Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yuan-Bo Liang
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, No. 270, Xue Yuan Xi Road, Wenzhou, 3250027, Zhejiang, China.
- Glaucoma Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Teixeira A, Salaroli C, Fuganti RM, Casella AMB. The Cosine Law to Choose the Correct Forceps Shaft Length for Macular Surgery in Highly Myopic Eyes. Retina 2023; 43:2166-2169. [PMID: 36729566 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate a mathematical analogy between the Pythagorean theorem using the axial a-scan measurement, i.e., the distance between the central cornea and the sclerotomy, and the lengths of the forceps in eyes of patients with all axial lengths. METHODS We used the Pythagorean equation (c 2 = a 2 + b 2 ) to calculate the adequate shaft length of the forceps to use in macular surgery, especially in highly myopic eyes, where c 2 represents the axial length (hypotenuse); b 2 the sum of the corneal ray and distance between the corneal limbus and the sclerotomy (base side); and a 2 the distance between the sclerotomy and the fovea (perpendicular side). RESULTS We reproduced the cosine law to estimate the distance between the sclerotomy and the fovea. The distance between the sclerotomy and the foveal area is shorter than the axial length and can become smaller based on the distance from the sclerotomy to the corneal limbus. CONCLUSION This simple mathematical formula is useful when performing surgery in highly myopic eyes, in which there can be difficulties reaching the macular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Teixeira
- Medical School, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Lim CS, Malhotra R. The Use of the Pericranial Periosteal Flap in Children for Treating Severe Lower Eyelid Retraction. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:506-511. [PMID: 37450622 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe a surgical technique that can achieve significant lower eyelid elevation in severe retraction in children using a pericranial periosteal flap with skin graft. METHODS A retrospective, single-center, case series of 3 consecutive pediatric cases are performed where a pericranial periosteal flap was used with a skin graft to manage severe lower eyelid retraction. Outcome measures include the extent of lower eyelid elevation (mm) and complications in the follow-up visits. RESULTS Three children with severe lower eyelid retraction underwent the surgery. There were 2 boys and 1 girl with the mean age of 6.7 years (range, 5-8 years). The improvement of lower eyelid retraction was 3, 3, and 7 mm at 28, 24, and 6 months, respectively. No perioperative or postoperative complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS Children with severe lower eyelid retraction often have a complex craniofacial and surgical history, and its surgical correction can be challenging. This case series present the successful use of pericranial flaps in treating severe lower eyelid retraction in children. The authors recommend this flap in children where traditional options have either failed or are not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S Lim
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
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Ichikawa K, Tanaka Y, Tokiwa S, Naito A, Hidaka Y, Ichikawa R, Ichikawa K, Yamamoto N. Comparison of INTREPID® balanced and hybrid tips on anterior capsule rupture in ex vivo porcine eyes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290657. [PMID: 37643177 PMCID: PMC10464992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phacoemulsification has emerged as the global standard for cataract surgery, and various novel methods, tools, and agents have promoted surgical efficiency and reduced complications. Conventionally, the phaco tip, which cleaves and aspirates the cataractous lens, has been mainly constructed of metal. In this study, the risk of anterior capsule rupture was evaluated under conditions of different power modes, longitudinal (Mode-L), torsional (Mode-T), or both (Mode-LT), and different aspiration powers (0 or 200 mmHg), using a traditional metal phaco tip (Group-M) or a new phaco tip with a high-strength polymer overmold on the needle edge (Group-P), which was developed to reduce the risk of capsule rupture. One hundred twenty porcine eyes were used for experiments within a setting of typical human physiological intraocular pressure. We found that Group-M showed capsule rupture with a smaller ultrasound power than did Group-P, regardless of power mode or aspiration power. In Group-M, there was no significant difference in risk of capsule rupture among power modes, however in Group-P, capsule rupture was least likely to occur with Mode-T. These results provide useful information for inexperienced ophthalmologists to improve surgical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ichikawa
- Chukyo Eye Clinic, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- General Aoyama Hospital, Toyokawa, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naoki Yamamoto
- Support Office for Bioresource Research, Center for Translational Research, Translational Research Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- International Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Pirayesh Z, Hassanzadeh-Samani S, Farzan A, Rohban MH, Ghorbanimehr MS, Mohammad-Rahimi H, Motamedian SR. A deep learning framework to scale linear facial measurements to actual size using horizontal visible iris diameter: a study on an Iranian population. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13755. [PMID: 37612309 PMCID: PMC10447546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital images allow for the objective evaluation of facial appearance and abnormalities as well as treatment outcomes and stability. With the advancement of technology, manual clinical measurements can be replaced with fully automatic photographic assessments. However, obtaining millimetric measurements on photographs does not provide clinicians with their actual value due to different image magnification ratios. A deep learning tool was developed to estimate linear measurements on images with unknown magnification using the iris diameter. A framework was designed to segment the eyes' iris and calculate the horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) in pixels. A constant value of 12.2 mm was assigned as the HVID value in all the photographs. A vertical and a horizontal distance were measured in pixels on photographs of 94 subjects and were estimated in millimeters by calculating the magnification ratio using HVID. Manual measurement of the distances was conducted on the subjects and the actual and estimated amounts were compared using Bland-Altman analysis. The obtained error was calculated as mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.9% and 4.3% in horizontal and vertical measurements. Our study shows that due to the consistent size and narrow range of HVID values, the iris diameter can be used as a reliable scale to calibrate the magnification of the images to obtain precise measurements in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Pirayesh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sahel Hassanzadeh-Samani
- Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Berlin, Germany
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Farzan
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dentistry, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | | | - Hossein Mohammad-Rahimi
- Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Berlin, Germany
- Postdoc Research Fellow, Division of Artificial Intelligence Imaging Research, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Saeed Reza Motamedian
- Topic Group Dental Diagnostics and Digital Dentistry, ITU/WHO Focus Group AI on Health, Berlin, Germany.
- Dentofacial Deformities Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhao MH, Song Y, Liu JL, Li J, Wang Y, Hua YJ, Wu Q. Investigation of ocular biometry in 4- to 9-year-old Chinese children. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:225. [PMID: 37208745 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the distribution and changes in ocular biometry in 4-to to 9-year-old Chinese children and to compare the differences between age and genders in these parameters. METHODS This was a school-based cross-sectional study. A total of 1,528 Chinese children, aged 4-9 years, from one primary school and 12 kindergartens, were included in the study. Axial length, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth, and corneal diameter were measured for each child. RESULTS AL and anterior chamber depth gradually increased with age in both genders. No significant changes in corneal curvature or corneal diameter were detected at different ages in either genders group. The mean ALs of males and females were 22.94 ± 0.80 mm and 22.38 ± 0.79 mm, respectively. The mean corneal curvatures of males and females were 43.05 ± 1.37 D and 43.75 ± 1.48 D, respectively. The mean anterior chamber depth of males and females were 3.47 ± 0.24 mm and 3.38 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. The mean corneal diameter of males and females were 12.08 ± 0.43 mm and 11.94 ± 0.44 mm, respectively. Females had consistently shorter ALs, shorter anterior chamber depth, smaller corneal diameter, and steeper corneal curvatures than males at any age. CONCLUSIONS Boys had larger dimensions than girls for all ocular parameters except corneal curvature (flatter). Boys and girls showed similar trends for all parameters. Axial length and anterior chamber depth increased from 4 to 9 years of age, whereas corneal diameter and curvature did not change with age in either genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China.
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200071, China
| | - Yan-Jun Hua
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
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10
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Rozema JJ. Refractive development I: Biometric changes during emmetropisation. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2023; 43:347-367. [PMID: 36740946 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although there are many reports on ocular growth, these data are often fragmented into separate parameters or for limited age ranges. This work intends to create an overview of normal eye growth (i.e., in absence of myopisation) for the period before birth until 18 years of age. METHODS The data for this analysis were taken from a search of six literature databases using keywords such as "[Parameter] & [age group]", with [Parameter] the ocular parameter under study and [age group] an indication of age. This yielded 34,409 references that, after screening of title, abstract and text, left 294 references with usable data. Where possible, additional parameters were calculated, such as the Bennett crystalline lens power, whole eye power and axial power. RESULTS There were 3422 average values for 17 parameters, calculated over a combined total of 679,398 individually measured or calculated values. The age-related change in refractive error was best fitted by a sum of four exponentials (r2 = 0.58), while all other biometric parameters could be fitted well by a sum of two exponentials and a linear term ('bi-exponential function'; r2 range: 0.64-0.99). The first exponential of the bi-exponential fits typically reached 95% of its end value before 18 months, suggesting that these reached genetically pre-programmed passive growth. The second exponentials reached this point between 4 years of age for the anterior curvature and well past adulthood for most lenticular dimensions, suggesting that this part represents the active control underlying emmetropisation. The ocular components each have different growth rates, but growth rate changes occur simultaneously at first and then act independently after birth. CONCLUSIONS Most biometric parameters grow according to a bi-exponential pattern associated with passive and actively modulated eye growth. This may form an interesting reference to understand myopisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos J Rozema
- Visual Optics Lab Antwerp (VOLANTIS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Antwerp University, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium.,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics, and Epidemiology (IMISE), Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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11
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Jiang Z, Wang F, Chen Z, Fan Y, Xu J, Yu M. Corneal Biometric Parameters and Refractive Properties in Microcornea With Normal Axial Length. Cornea 2022; 41:1074-1079. [PMID: 34690270 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the features of and relationships among corneal diameter, central corneal thickness (CCT), endothelial cell density (ECD), and corneal refractive properties in cases of microcornea (MC) with normal axial length. METHODS We included 22 patients (35 eyes) with MC and cataracts and 41 patients (48 eyes) with isolated cataracts as age-matched controls. They were divided into patients with MC younger than 18 years (MC-child), patients with MC 18 years or older (MC-adult), children with congenital cataracts (CCs), and adults with senile cataracts (SCs). Corneal diameter, axial and anterior chamber length, and keratometry were measured; central corneal endothelial cell imaging was performed. RESULTS The mean horizontal corneal diameter was 7.71 ± 1.51 and 8.78 ± 0.52 mm in MC-child and MC-adult groups, respectively, and 11.89 ± 0.59 and 11.52 ± 2.42 mm in child and adult controls, respectively. The mean CCT was 641.26 ± 63.37 (MC-child) and 617.38 ± 45.40 mm (MC-adult), and 554.92 ± 34.64 (CC) and 551.58 ± 28.47 mm (SC). The mean ECD was 2898.47 ± 443.90 (MC-child) and 2825.81 ± 484.65 cells/mm 2 (MC-adult), and 3155.13 ± 372.67 (CC) and 2749.33 ± 399.63 cells/mm 2 (SC). The average keratometry was 44.22 ± 3.14 D (MC-child) and 43.86 ± 2.59 D (MC-adult), and 44.19 ± 1.44 D (CC) and 43.94 ± 1.34 D (SC). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MC and normal axial length possess specific parameters, including significantly smaller corneal diameter and thicker CCT than the patients in the control groups. There were no significant differences in ECD and average keratometry. These parameters should be taken into account in the follow-up and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoxin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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12
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Alshehri O, Abdelaal AM, Abudawood G, Khan MA, Alsharif S, Hijazi H, AlQassimi A. Normative Values for Corneal Tomography and Comparison of Both Eyes in Young Saudi Males with 20/20 Vision Using Pentacam-HR Scheimpflug Imaging. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2631-2637. [PMID: 35992566 PMCID: PMC9385131 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s376411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Anterior segment evaluation using Scheimpflug imaging with the Pentacam scanner allows the acquisition of a plethora of information. It aids in screening and diagnosing corneal pathologies and determining suitability for keratorefractive procedures. This research has significant benefits in terms of establishing normative tomographic values, which is crucial in countries where Keratoconus (KC) is more prevalent, especially among young age group, along with aiding future research in the field of refractive surgery by providing relevant normative data. Methods A retrospective review of digital corneal tomography images for a group of medically and ophthalmologically free males aged between 18 and 21 years with 20/20 unaided distant visual acuity was performed. Results A total of 1272 subjects (2544 eyes) were included. Findings revealed a mean maximal corneal curvature (Kmax) of 42.91 ± 1.40D (range 36.90–47.80D). The mean flat keratometry (K1) was 41.87 ± 1.31D (range 36.00–46.40D). The mean steep keratometry (K2) was 42.66 ± 1.35D (range 36.70–47.60D). The mean corneal astigmatism (CA) was 0.79 ± 0.37D (range 0.00D-2.30D). The mean central corneal thickness (CCT) was 558.53 ± 33.84 μm (range 421–677 μm). The mean thinnest corneal location thickness (TCLT) was 551.64 ± 34.08 μm (range 417–669μm). The mean corneal diameter (CD) and anterior chamber depth (ACD) were 12.13 ± 0.39 mm (range 10.50–13.60 mm) and 3.12 ± 0.29 mm (range 2.08–4.08 mm), respectively. The median differences between both eyes of the same subject were as follows: kmax difference of 0.20D (IQR 0.1–0.4); K1, K2 and CA difference of 0.20D (IQR 0.1–0.3) for all 3 parameters; CCT and TCLT difference of 5.00 μm (IQR 3.0–9.0) and 6.00 μm (IQR 3.0–10.0), respectively; CD difference of 0.10 mm (IQR 0.0–0.1); and ACD difference of 0.04 (IQR 0.02–0.06). Conclusion We believe our data can aid in establishing normative tomographic values and acceptable differences between both eyes. Our data may also help detect subtle corneal pathology and be useful for researchers and innovators in the field of ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Alshehri
- Ophthalmology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Abdelaal
- Ophthalmology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Ahmed M Abdelaal, Ophthalmology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 56 371 8789, Email
| | - Ghufran Abudawood
- Ophthalmology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad A Khan
- Epidemiology and Public Health Department, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alsharif
- Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hassan Hijazi
- Ophthalmology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - AlBaraa AlQassimi
- Ophthalmology Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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13
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Hussein A, Loh U, Qamarruddin F. The study of relationship between ocular biometry and exophthalmometry in adult Malay population of Kelantan, Malaysia. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2022; 12:44-52. [PMID: 35399980 PMCID: PMC8988974 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_88_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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14
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Xu G, Wu G, Du Z, Zhu S, Guo Y, Yu H, Hu Y. Distribution of White-to-White Corneal Diameter and Anterior Chamber Depth in Chinese Myopic Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:732719. [PMID: 34869427 PMCID: PMC8639187 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.732719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the distribution of white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth (ACD) in Chinese myopia patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at five ophthalmic centers. Anterior segment biometry was performed in 7,893 eyes of the 7,893 myopic patients using Pentacam, and the WTW and ACD were recorded. The distribution patterns of WTW and ACD were evaluated and the correlation between WTW and ACD was analyzed statistically. Results: There were 4416 (55.95%) males and 3477 (44.05%) females. The age of the study population was 25.14 ± 5.41 years. Distribution of WTW was slightly positively skewed (Skewness = 0.0076, Kurtosis = 0.3944, KS P = 0.020) with a mean of 11.65 ± 0.38 mm and a 95% normal range of 10.91-12.39 mm. A significant difference in WTW was found among different myopia groups (P < 0.001). The ACD was normally distributed (Skewness = 0.899, Kurtosis = 0.027, KS P = 0.086). The mean ACD was 3.25 ± 0.26 mm and the 95% normal range of was 2.74-3.75 mm. A significant difference in ACD was also found among different myopia groups (P = 0.030). There was a significant correlation between WTW and ACD (r = 0.460, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In our study, 95% of the Chinese myopic patients had a WTW within 10.91-12.39 mm and an ACD within 2.74-3.75 mm. ACD and WTW were significantly different among different myopia, gender and age groups. WTW was positively correlated with ACD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Guanrong Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zijing Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanqing Zhu
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunxiang Guo
- Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghua Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yijun Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangdong Eye Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Aier Institute of Refractive Surgery, Refractive Surgery Center, Guangzhou Aier Eye Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Aier School of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Wei L, He W, Meng J, Qian D, Lu Y, Zhu X. Evaluation of the White-to-White Distance in 39,986 Chinese Cataractous Eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:7. [PMID: 33393973 PMCID: PMC7794278 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the distribution of white-to-white (WTW) distance and its associations with other biometric parameters in Chinese cataractous eyes. Methods Data on 39,986 eyes from 23,627 Chinese cataract patients were analyzed. Ocular biometric parameters, including WTW distance, corneal curvature, anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), central corneal thickness (CCT), and axial length (AL), were obtained using the ZEISS IOLMaster 700. Results The mean age of patients was 63.7 ± 12.4 years, and 57.61% were female. The mean WTW distance was 11.69 ± 0.46 mm. The WTW distance was larger in male patients than in female patients for all age groups (all P < 0.001). The WTW distance was positively correlated with corneal curvature and ACD and negatively correlated with age, LT, and CCT (all P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis revealed that a larger WTW distance was associated with younger age; male gender; larger corneal curvature, ACD, and LT; and thinner CCT (all P < 0.001). Notably, the association between WTW distance and AL was not linear. As the AL increased, the WTW distance initially increased, reached a peak in the group with ALs of 24.5 to 26 mm, and then slowly decreased. However, all of the myopic eyes (AL > 24.5 mm) still had larger WTWs than the normal and short eyes (AL ≤ 24.5 mm). Conclusions In Chinese cataractous eyes, the WTW distance was larger in younger male patients with flatter corneas, deeper anterior chambers, thicker lenses, and thinner central corneas. The association between WTW distance and AL was not linear, and WTW distance was the largest in eyes with ALs of 24.5 to 26 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwen He
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongjin Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjia Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Fudan University; Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Science; and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai, China
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16
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Direct Brow Lift and Skin Contraction in Facial Nerve Palsy: A Switch Technique. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:S130-S131. [PMID: 32826824 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The authors present a case series of 4 patients with facial nerve palsy who underwent a direct brow lift to correct brow ptosis, using the excised brow skin as a full-thickness skin graft to correct lower eyelid skin contracture, ectropion, and retraction. Functional outcomes were measured using the validated cornea, static asymmetry, dynamic function, synkinesis (CADS) grading system and by photographic assessment of lower eyelid height via margin reflex distance. Aesthetic outcomes were measured using a published grading scale specific to eyelid skin grafts.
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Revisiting the Direct Brow Lift in Patients With Facial Palsy: 4 Key Modifications. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021; 37:179-182. [PMID: 32852375 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000001794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The direct brow lift is a simple and popular technique, particularly in patients with brow ptosis secondary to facial palsy. It provides a high degree of control in determining the degree of brow elevation and shape achieved. However, it is arguably the least debated in terms of addressing some of its sequelae, namely the risks of a visible or indrawn scar and forehead paraesthesia. In this article, we report outcomes using four alternative principles to those outlined in current published literature. METHODS All patients undergoing a primary direct brow lift for brow ptosis secondary to facial palsy between January 2015 and December 2019 under a single surgeon (R.M.) were included in the study. The technical refinements of the procedure included a W-plasty type stealth skin incision, counter-bevelling of the upper and lower incision lines, skin excision in the subcutaneous plane only with minimal excision of fat and browpexy to the frontal periosteum through small linear puncture incisions in the frontalis. RESULTS A total of 23 patients undergoing 24 direct brow lifts were included in the study. The mean follow-up was 1.3 years (range 0.5-3 years). No patients reported postoperative forehead paraesthesia or brow alopecia. One patient required a further temporal browlift 15 months later. Brow height was rated excellent (0-1.5 mm difference) in 71% of brows and good (1.6-4.9 mm difference) in 14% of brows. The average Manchester scar scale was 8.6/28. CONCLUSION The technical modifications presented substantially reduce the rates of postoperative paraesthesia, whilst achieving satisfactory aesthetic outcomes.
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18
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Phu J, Tong J, Zangerl B, Ly Le J, Kalloniatis M. Authors' reply. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 41:203-204. [PMID: 33236807 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Phu
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Janelle Tong
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Barbara Zangerl
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Janet Ly Le
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Michael Kalloniatis
- Centre for Eye Health, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
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19
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Erdinest N, London N. Letter to the Editor. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2020; 41:202. [PMID: 33156549 DOI: 10.1111/opo.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nir Erdinest
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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20
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Ullrich K, Malhotra R. Recognising meibomian gland inversion in patients with facial palsy to improve the ocular surface. Orbit 2020; 40:1-8. [PMID: 31893955 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2019.1705500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Facial nerve palsy (FNP) is known to worsen Meibomian gland dysfunction on the affected side. Chronic Meibomian gland dysfunction leads to a variant of upper eyelid marginal entropion associated with excessive tarsal curling, termed Meibomian gland inversion (MGI). Surgical correction with grey line split, tarsoplasty and anterior lamellar repositioning (GLS surgery) appears to further improve the ocular surface in these patients who have previously undergone upper eyelid loading. Methods: Retrospective, 3 year, non-comparative, single-centre study of patients with FNP identified as having MGI and treated by GLS surgery under the supervision of a single surgeon. We present specific examination findings and a useful test (cotton tip test) to determine suitability for GLS surgery. We assessed changes in symptoms and CADS (Cornea, static Asymmetry, Dynamic function and Synkinesis) score, along with cosmetic grading of lash loss and contour and report complications. Results: 23 patients with acquired FNP underwent GLS surgery for MGI with or without lash ptosis. 17 out of the 23 patients (74%) demonstrated an improvement in their CADS score after GLS surgery. Seven patients had insufficient records with scores missing and no conclusion could be reached for this group. Improvement of corneal staining, static and dynamic symmetry were all statistically significant. No patient worsened. The cosmetic outcome including lashes, lid contour and lid margin appearance is acceptable. Whilst it is possible to achieve minimal difference between the operated and unoperated eyelids, many patients will have a small difference. Conclusion: We report outcomes of MGI treatment and useful diagnostic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Ullrich
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust , East Grinstead, UK
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Trust , East Grinstead, UK
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21
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Study of distribution of white-to-white corneal diameter and anterior chamber depth in study population obtained with optical biometry using intraocular lens (IOL) master. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:400-405. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Maqsood SE, Cascone N, Grixti A, Kannan R, Nduka C, Malhotra R. Functional and aesthetic outcomes of eyelid skin grafting in facial nerve palsy. Br J Ophthalmol 2018; 103:bjophthalmol-2018-312311. [PMID: 29945894 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIM To report the functional and aesthetic outcomes of eyelid full-thickness skin grafting (FTSG) in patients with facial nerve palsy (FNP). METHODS This is a retrospective, non-comparative, single-centre review of all patients with FNP who underwent FTSG over an 8-year period. Functional outcomes were collected through case notes review: CADS (cornea, static asymmetry and dynamic and synkinesis) score facial nerve grading and lagophthalmos on blink, gentle and forced closure. Marginal reflex distance (MRD1 and MRD2) was calculated on standardised photographs. The aesthetic outcomes were assessed objectively by two blinded independent assessors who assessed standardised photographs based on a mutually agreed grading scale. Both functional and aesthetic outcomes were measured preoperatively, and at early (1-3 months), intermediate (3-6 months) and late (>9 months) postoperative periods. RESULTS A total of 28 eyelid FTSGs were performed on 21 patients (11 female, 10 male) between 2008 and 2016. The mean age was 68 (range, 16-89) years and the mean follow-up was 20.8 (range, 12-30) months. The CADS score (cornea (p<0.001), static asymmetry (p<0.001), dynamic function (p<0.001)), MRD2 (p=0.002) and lagophthalmos (blink (p=0.003), gentle (p<0.001), forced (p=0.003)) improved through early and late postoperative periods. Aesthetically, the grafts appeared to look natural in terms of colour, surface contour and graft edge from the intermediate postoperative period and continued to improve significantly by the late postoperative period. CONCLUSION The use of periocular FTSG is effective in improving lagophthalmos and periorbital symmetry in patients with FNP where skin contraction exists. They should be considered as an adjunct to other oculoplastic procedures for both functional and aesthetic rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Cascone
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Andre Grixti
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Ruben Kannan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Charles Nduka
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
| | - Raman Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, UK
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Tan P, Wong J, Siah WF, Malhotra R. Outcomes of lower eyelid retractor recession and lateral horn lysis in lower eyelid elevation for facial nerve palsy. Eye (Lond) 2018; 32:338-344. [PMID: 28862257 PMCID: PMC5811694 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo report outcomes and complications of lower eyelid retractor recession and lateral horn lysis (RR) for lower eyelid elevation in patients with facial nerve palsy (FNP).Patients and methodsRetrospective review. Patients with FNP undergoing RR alone (group 1) or with adjunctive procedures (canthal suspension-group 2, tarsorrhaphy-group 3, and full-thickness skin graft-group 4) during a 5-year period were included. Patient demographics, lagophthalmos, occurrence of eyelid malpositions, recurrent retraction, and repeat procedures were noted from medical records. Measures of lower eyelid height (LEH) and lid lag on downgaze were obtained from standard photographs.ResultsForty-two patients (23 females, mean age was 59 years) were included. Mean follow-up was 24 months (range 6-77). Median improvement in LEH following surgery was significant in Group 1 (0.90 mm, IQR: 0.37-0.91, P=0.20) and in Group 2 (0.51 mm, IQR: 0.30-1.37, P<0.001), respectively. Median improvement in blink lagophthalmos was 3.00 mm (IQR: 3.00-3.50, P=0.02) in Group 1 and 3.50 mm (IQR: 1.75-5.00, P<0.001) in Group 2. Median improvement in lagophthalmos on gentle eye closure was 2.00 mm (IQR: 1.50-3.00, P=0.02) in Group 1 and 1.00 mm (IQR: 0-2.13, P=0.006) in Group 2. No new cases of ectropion were noted. 23.5% of patients required a repeat RR at a mean interval of 20 (range 1-70) months and a further 9.8% required a third procedure at a mean interval of 21 (range 18-29) months.ConclusionRR improves lower eyelid retraction and lagophthalmos in FNP either alone or when combined as an adjunctive procedure. It does not aggravate paralytic ectropion although repeated retractor recessions may be required to improve retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Tan
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - J Wong
- Clinical Research Unit, Ng Teng Fong General Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W F Siah
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
| | - R Malhotra
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, UK
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Menduni F, Davies LN, Madrid-Costa D, Fratini A, Wolffsohn JS. Characterisation of the porcine eyeball as an in-vitro model for dry eye. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2017; 41:13-17. [PMID: 28986008 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterise the anatomical parameters of the porcine eye for potentially using it as a laboratory model of dry eye. METHODS Anterior chamber depth and angle, corneal curvature, shortest and longest diameter, endothelial cell density, and pachymetry were measured in sixty freshly enucleated porcine eyeballs. RESULTS Corneal steepest meridian was 7.85±0.32mm, corneal flattest meridian was 8.28±0.32mm, shortest corneal diameter was 12.69±0.58mm, longest corneal diameter was 14.88±0.66mm and central corneal ultrasonic pachymetry was 1009±1μm. Anterior chamber angle was 28.83±4.16°, anterior chamber depth was 1.77±0.27mm, and central corneal thickness measured using OCT was 1248±144μm. Corneal endothelial cell density was 3250±172 cells/mm2. CONCLUSIONS Combining different clinical techniques produced a pool of reproducible data on the porcine eye anatomy, which can be used by researchers to assess the viability of using the porcine eye as an in-vitro/ex-vivo model for dry eye. Due to the similar morphology with the human eye, porcine eyeballs may represent a useful and cost effective model to individually study important key factors in the development of dry eye, such as environmental and mechanical stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menduni
- School of Life and Health Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK; Optics and Optometry Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Leon N Davies
- School of Life and Health Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Madrid-Costa
- Optics and Optometry Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Fratini
- School of Life and Health Science, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Correction of Lower Eyelid Retraction Using Acellular Human Dermis During Orbital Decompression. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 33:168-172. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rajyalakshmi R, Prakash WD, Ali MJ, Naik MN. Periorbital Biometric Measurements using ImageJ Software: Standardisation of Technique and Assessment Of Intra- and Interobserver Variability. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2017; 10:130-135. [PMID: 29403183 PMCID: PMC5782436 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_61_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To assess the reliability and repeatability of periorbital biometric measurements using ImageJ software and to assess if the horizontal visible iris diameter (HVID) serves as a reliable scale for facial measurements. Methods: This study was a prospective, single-blind, comparative study. Two clinicians performed 12 periorbital measurements on 100 standardised face photographs. Each individual’s HVID was determined by Orbscan IIz and used as a scale for measurements using ImageJ software. All measurements were repeated using the ‘average’ HVID of the study population as a measurement scale. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Pearson product-moment coefficient were used as statistical tests to analyse the data. Results: The range of ICC for intra- and interobserver variability was 0.79–0.99 and 0.86–0.99, respectively. Test-retest reliability ranged from 0.66–1.0 to 0.77–0.98, respectively. When average HVID of the study population was used as scale, ICC ranged from 0.83 to 0.99, and the test-retest reliability ranged from 0.83 to 0.96 and the measurements correlated well with recordings done with individual Orbscan HVID measurements. Conclusion: Periorbital biometric measurements using ImageJ software are reproducible and repeatable. Average HVID of the population as measured by Orbscan is a reliable scale for facial measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rajyalakshmi
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Winston D Prakash
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohammad Javed Ali
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Milind N Naik
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Jiang WJ, Wu H, Wu JF, Hu YY, Lu TL, Sun W, Guo DD, Wang XR, Bi HS, Jonas JB. Corneal diameter and associated parameters in Chinese children: the Shandong Children Eye Study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 45:112-119. [PMID: 27527118 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jun Jiang
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hui Wu
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jian Feng Wu
- Medical School of Ophthalmology and Optometry; Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Yuan Yuan Hu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Tai Liang Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Wei Sun
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Da Dong Guo
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Xing Rong Wang
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Hong Sheng Bi
- Eye Institute of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Jinan Shandong China
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty Mannheim of the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg; Mannheim Germany
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Yazdani N, Ostadimoghaddam H, Nabovati P, Moravej R, Yekta A. The distribution of orbscan indices in young population. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016; 29:39-44. [PMID: 28367525 PMCID: PMC5362392 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the distribution of anterior eye biometry indices, such as keratometry pachymetry, anterior chamber depth (ACD), pupil diameter, and corneal diameter, as measured by Orbscan instrument in a young Iranian population. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted, and subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling from the students of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Objective and subjective refraction were performed followed by Orbscan imaging. Results A total of 1330 subjects were selected, 1121 of which participated in the study. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final analysis was performed on the data of 1051 subjects. The mean age of the participants was 26.1 ± 3.2 years (19–34 years old). The mean ± SD and 95% confidence interval (CI) of maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, pupil diameter, corneal diameter, ACD, and central corneal thickness was 44.5 ± 1.7 (44.4–44.6), 43.1 ± 1.6 (43.0–43.2), 4.3 ± 0.9 (4.3–4.4), 11.7 ± 0.4 (11.7–11.7), 3.7 ± 0.3 (3.6–3.7), and 550.5 ± 35 (548.4–552.6), respectively. After adjusting for age and the mean spherical equivalent (MSE), maximum keratometry, minimum keratometry, central corneal thickness, and the thinnest pachymetry were statistically significantly higher in female subjects (P < 0.001) whilst the corneal diameter and ACD were higher in male subjects (P < 0.001). The pupil diameter and ACD showed statistically significant changes with age (P < 0.001). The MSE was only correlated with maximum keratometry and ACD (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, the distribution of Orbscan measurements for the anterior segment parameters was reported in a large sample of the young Iranian population. Age, gender, and refractive error may affect the orbscan measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negareh Yazdani
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Payam Nabovati
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raheleh Moravej
- Noor Research Center for Ophthalmic Epidemiology, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - AbbasAli Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Occurrence and severity of upper eyelid skin contracture in facial nerve palsy. Eye (Lond) 2016; 30:713-7. [PMID: 26939561 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo describe the occurrence and severity of upper eyelid skin contracture in facial nerve palsy (FNP).MethodsWe enroled consecutive patients with unilateral FNP into this study. Patients with previous upper eyelid surgery for either side were excluded. We developed a standardised technique to measure the distance between the upper eyelid margin and the lower border of brow (LMBD). FNP was graded using the Sunnybrook grading scale. Its aetiology, duration, and treatment were noted. Upper and lower marginal reflex distance and lagophthalmos were also noted.ResultsSixty-six patients (mean age 51 years) were included. FNP was owing to a variety of aetiologies. LMBD on the paralytic side was shorter than the normal contralateral side in 47 (71%), equal in 15 (23%), and larger in four (6%) patients. The mean contracture was 3.4 mm (median: 3, range: 1-12) with 11 (17%) patients showing 5 mm or more of skin contracture. The mean LMBD on the paralytic side in all patients was significantly smaller than the contralateral side; 30±3.7 (median: 30; 95% CI 29-31) compared with 32±3.7 (median: 32; 95% CI 32-33), respectively, P<0.0001, two-tailed paired t-test.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first study that quantitatively demonstrates contraction of the upper eyelid skin in FNP. This finding is valuable in directing optimal early management to minimise skin contracture and to caution surgeons against unnecessary upper eyelid skin excision.
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Higher order aberrations in a normal adult population. J Curr Ophthalmol 2016; 27:115-24. [PMID: 27239589 PMCID: PMC4881154 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the distribution of Zernike coefficients and higher order aberrations in a normal population and its relationship with age, gender, biometric components, and spherical equivalent. METHODS During the first phase of the Shahroud cohort study, 6311 people of the 40-64-year-old population of Shahroud city were selected through random cluster sampling. A subsample of participants was examined with Zywave aberrometer (The Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) to measure aberrations. Measurements of aberrations were done before cycloplegic refraction, and values generated from a minimum pupil diameter of 5 mm were reported in this analysis. RESULTS After applying exclusion criteria, 904 eyes of 577 people were analyzed in this study and mean age in this study was 49.5 ± 5.7 years and 62.9% were female. Mean root-mean-square (RMS) of the third-, fourth-, and fifth-order aberrations was 0.194 μm (95%CI: 0.183 to 0.204), 0.115 μm (95%CI: 0.109 to 0.121), and 0.041 μm (95%CI: 0.039 to 0.043), respectively. Total RMS coma (Z3 (-1,) Z3 (1), Z5 (-1), Z5 (1)), Total RMS trefoil (Z3 (-3,) Z3 (3), Z5 (-3), Z5 (3)), and spherical aberration (Z4 (0)) in the studied population was 0.137 μm (95% CI:0.129-0.145), 0.132 μm (95% CI: 0.123-0.140), and -0.161 μm (95%CI:-0.174 to -0.147), respectively. Mean higher-order Zernike RMS in this study was 0.306 (95% CI: 0.295-0.318) micrometer, and in the multiple model, it significantly correlated with older age and short axial length. The highest amounts of higher-order RMS were observed in hyperopes, and the smallest in emmetropes. Increased nuclear opacity was associated with a significant increase in HO RMS (p < 0.001). Analysis of Zernike coefficients demonstrated that spherical aberration (Z4 (0)) significantly correlated with nuclear cataract only (age-adjusted Coef = 0.37 and p = 0.012). CONCLUSION This report is the first to describe the distribution of higher-order aberrations in an Iranian population. Higher-order aberrations in this study were on average higher that those reported in previous studies.
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Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Emamian MH, Shariati M, Yekta A, Fotouhi A. White-to-white corneal diameter distribution in an adult population. J Curr Ophthalmol 2015; 27:21-4. [PMID: 27239570 PMCID: PMC4877715 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To determine the normal distribution of corneal diameter in a 40- to 64-year-old population and its association with other biometric components. Methods In a cross-sectional population-based study, subjects were selected through multistage cluster sampling from the 40- to 64-year-old citizens of Shahroud in northern Iran. After obtaining informed consents, optometry tests including refraction and visual acuity and ophthalmic exams including slit lamp exams and retinoscopy were done for all participants. Biometric components and white-to-white (WTW) corneal diameter were measured with the LENSTAR/BioGraph. Results Of the 6311 invitees, 5190 (82.2%) participated in the study. After applying exclusion criteria, analysis was done on data from 4787 people. Mean WTW corneal diameter in this study was 11.80 mm (confidence interval: 11.78–11.81), and based on two standard deviations from the mean, the normal range for this index was from 10.8 to 12.8 mm. WTW corneal diameter strongly correlated with corneal radius of curvature (r = 0.422) and axial length (r = 0.384). According to multiple linear regression, lower age, thinner cornea, longer AL, thicker lens, and flatter cornea were significantly related to higher WTW corneal diameter. Spherical equivalent significantly increased at higher corneal diameters (hyperopic shift). Conclusion The average and normal range of corneal diameter, as measured with the BioGraph, was studied in an Iranian population for the first time. The corneal diameter strongly correlates with AL and radius of curvature. WTW is larger at younger ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Hassan Emamian
- Center for Health Related Social and Behavioral Sciences Research, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shariati
- Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Akbar Fotouhi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Relationship between Cornea and Lid Margin Position on the Appearance of Strabismus. Optom Vis Sci 2015; 92:815-22. [PMID: 26083461 DOI: 10.1097/opx.0000000000000619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous strabismus appearance studies using images from real face photographs could not preclude the effect of other facial landmarks, such as position and contour of brow, nose, and facial outline, from pure effect of ocular deviation itself. With conceptualized drawings of eyes, we simulated strabismus deviation and collected the responses of observers. METHODS The experiments consisted of three sessions: (1) one-eye, (2) two-eye cornea, and (3) two-eyelid deviation simulations. On a monitor, eight different ocular deviations in increments of 6 prism diopters of horizontal or vertical deviations were simulated. Nine ophthalmology residents were asked to choose between esotropia and exotropia for horizontal simulations and hypotropia or hypertropia for vertical simulations. Psychometric function fitting was performed. Detection sensitivity, point of subjective equality, and 95% thresholds were calculated. RESULTS Between cornea and lid deviation simulations, there was no difference in 95% thresholds, points of subjective equality, and sensitivity (all p values > 0.10), reflecting that the relative location of cornea and lid was the determinant factor in recognizing ocular deviation. The sensitivities of vertical deviation simulations were higher than that of horizontal in two-eye cornea and lid comparisons (p values < 0.04) but not in one-eye (p value = 0.37). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the appearance of strabismus depends not on the absolute ocular alignment but rather on the reciprocal relationship of cornea and lid margin. Vertical misalignment was more apparent than horizontal misalignment.
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Hashemi H, Jafarzadehpur E, Ghaderi S, Yekta A, Ostadimoghaddam H, Norouzirad R, Khabazkhoob M. Ocular components during the ages of ocular development. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:e74-81. [PMID: 25043552 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the distribution of ocular biometric components and their correlation with age and sex during the ages of ocular development in a 6- to 18-year-old population in Iran. METHOD In this cross-sectional study, which was performed in October 2012, multi-stage stratified cluster sampling was used to sample the study population from Dezful schools, a city in the southwest of Iran. Biometric examinations were done by an experienced optometrist using the LENSTAR/BioGraph (WaveLight AG, Erlangen, Germany). RESULTS Among 864 selected students, 683 participated in the study (response rate: 79.1%); 377 participants (55.2%) were male, and the mean age of the participants was 12 ± 3.4 years (range: 6-18 years). The mean and 95% confidence interval of axial length (AL) were 23.13 mm (22.93-23.33), anterior chamber depth (ACD) was 3.01 mm (2.96-3.06), lens thickness (LT) was 3.58 mm (3.55-3.61), central corneal thickness (CCT) was 549.33 mic (546.59-552.07), corneal radius (CR) was 7.77 mm (7.74-7.81), corneal diameter (CD) was 12.34 mm (12.31-12.38) and pupil diameter (PD) was 4.97 (4.91-5.03). Mean AL, ACD, CD and CR were significantly higher in boys, and mean LT was significantly higher in girls. AL and ACD increased, while LT decreased significantly with age. Myopia was associated with an increase in AL and ACD, and hyperopia was associated with an increase in LT and a decrease in ACD. CONCLUSION This study evaluated the distribution of the biometric components of the eye during the ages of ocular development in an Iranian population. In this age range, the majority of the changes were observed in the AL and LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Hashemi
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center; Noor Eye Hospital; Tehran Iran
| | - Ebrahim Jafarzadehpur
- Noor Ophthalmology Research Center; Noor Eye Hospital; Tehran Iran
- Department of Optometry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Soraya Ghaderi
- Department of Optometry; Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Abbasali Yekta
- Refractive Errors Research Center; School of Paramedical Sciences; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Optometry; School of Paramedical Sciences; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | - Hadi Ostadimoghaddam
- Refractive Errors Research Center; School of Paramedical Sciences; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
- Department of Optometry; School of Paramedical Sciences; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; Mashhad Iran
| | | | - Mehdi Khabazkhoob
- Department of Epidemiology; School of Public Health; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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Toutain-Kidd CM, Porco TC, Kidd EM, Srinivasan M, Prajna NV, Acharya N, Lietman T, Zegans ME. Evaluation of fungal keratitis using a newly developed computer program, Optscore, for grading digital corneal photographs. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2014; 21:24-32. [PMID: 24467559 DOI: 10.3109/09286586.2013.868003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate computer software developed to assess digital corneal photographs of fungal keratitis in clinical research. METHODS A cornea specialist and five medical students (after training) graded on two occasions 100 corneal photographs of patients with fungal keratitis using Optscore software. Variables assessed were lesion area, location, degree of opacity, percentage of the ulcer lying within a central 4 mm circle of the cornea. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess intragrader reliability, agreement of the students with the corneal specialist, and the reliability of the group mean of the student raters. The area determined using Optscore was compared to the area estimated from slit lamp and to visual acuity. RESULTS As a group, medical students achieved an ICC greater than 0.9 for five out of the seven assessed variables. Similar levels of consistency were found after analyzing the graders' individual results compared to the specialist. The area estimated using slit lamp examination was highly correlated with the mean area determined by Optscore, as was the logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity at enrollment. CONCLUSIONS Non-expert graders using Optscore to assess digital photographs of fungal keratitis are self-consistent, agree with an expert grader both as a group and individually, and measurements of ulcer area obtained from Optscore are highly correlated with measurements of the same patients obtained on clinical examination. These observations support the validity of Optscore for assessing corneal pathology associated with fungal keratitis and make it a promising clinical research tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Toutain-Kidd
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology) and Microbiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Hanover, NH , USA
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Olatunji VA, Ademola-Popoola D, Adepoju FG, Adesiyun OO. White-to-white corneal diameter of full-term Nigerian newborns. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tjo.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Sira M, Norris JH, Nduka C, Malhotra R. Transcaruncular medial canthal tendon plication with lower eyelid suture sling in facial nerve palsy. Orbit 2014; 33:159-163. [PMID: 24568677 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2013.879905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report a technique for correcting lower eyelid punctal ectropion with an inferiorly displaced or retracted medial eyelid due to facial nerve palsy, by extending a suture sling along the pre-tarsal lower eyelid when performing transcaruncular medial canthal tendon plication. METHODS Single-centre retrospective, non-comparative review of patients with facial nerve palsy who underwent medial canthal tendon plication with lower eyelid suture sling (MCT suture sling). Outcome measures included: the presence of lower eyelid ectropion, medial eyelid height, punctal position, inferior marginal reflex distance (MRD) and inferior scleral show measured both pre-operatively and at the last follow-up visit. RESULTS Thirty-three patients with facial nerve palsy with a mean age of 59, underwent MCT suture sling for lagophthalmos and/or ectropion. Then, 66% (21/32) of cases had punctal ectropion pre-operatively and 9% (3/32) had punctal ectropion at the last follow-up. Medial eyelid height was deemed to improve in 66% (21/32) of cases at the last follow up visit. Follow-up was mean 13.5 months. Six (18%) patients were deemed failures due to inferior MRD and inferior scleral showing worse than pre-operative measurements. DISCUSSION We report a technique for incorporating a suture sling to transcaruncular-approach MCT plication when the medial canthus has retracted or descended thus requiring support and a posterior vector. It avoids rounding of the medial canthal angle that may occur with traditional medial canthoplasty. Transcaruncular MCT plication is well described. Incorporating a suture sling to potentially reduce single point-fixation cheese-wiring and early dehiscence is minimally invasive, non-excisional and repeatable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mano Sira
- Corneoplastic Unit, Queen Victoria Hospital , East Grinstead , UK
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Gharaee H, Abrishami M, Shafiee M, Ehsaei A. White-to-white corneal diameter: normal values in healthy Iranian population obtained with the Orbscan II. Int J Ophthalmol 2014; 7:309-12. [PMID: 24790875 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2014.02.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the normative values of white-to-white corneal diameter with Orbscan II Topography System and to compare right and left eyes data in the normal young population. METHODS A total of 1001 healthy participants aged 18-45y participated in this observational cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 616 female and 385 male subjects. The corneal diameter was measured with the Orbscan II. The differences between genders, between right and left eyes and age-related changes were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t-test. RESULTS The average white-to-white distance in our study population was recorded as 11.65±0.36 mm (median: 11.60 mm, mode: 11.70 mm, minimum: 10.50 mm and maximum: 13.60 mm). The white-to-white distance was 11.60±0.35 mm in males and 11.71±0.36 mm in females which was statistically different between genders (P<0.01). However, white-to-white distance was not statistically different between right and left eyes. In addition, this parameter decreased with increasing age. Considering 95% confidence interval, corneal diameter less than 10.93 mm and greater than 12.34 mm would be considered as microcornea and megalocornea, respectively based on this study population, using the Orbscan II topography. CONCLUSION Detailed description and analysis of corneal diameter with Orbscan demonstrate that the obtained average value of horizontal white-to-white is higher in male than female and decreases slightly with increasing age. Our data also suggests the cut off values for definition of microcornea and megalocornea, which can be employed with this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Gharaee
- Cornea Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9195965919, Iran ; Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9195965919, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Abrishami
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9195965919, Iran ; Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1336616351, Iran
| | - Masoud Shafiee
- Eye Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9195965919, Iran
| | - Asieh Ehsaei
- Refractive Errors Research Centre, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176699186, Iran ; Department of Optometry, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9176699186, Iran
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Comparison of Horizontal corneal diameter measurements using the Orbscan IIz and Pentacam HR systems. Cornea 2014; 32:1460-4. [PMID: 24055904 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3182a40786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare 2 automated devices for measuring the horizontal corneal diameter [white-to-white (WTW) distance]. METHODS In this prospective comparative case series, the WTW distance was measured by independent examiners using the Pentacam HR and the Orbscan IIz in 101 eyes of 101 healthy refractive surgery candidates. Statistical evaluation was performed using the paired t test, Pearson correlation, and the Bland-Altman method for comparison of measurement techniques. RESULTS The mean WTW distance measurements were 11.76 ± 0.38 mm as obtained with the Pentacam HR and 11.66 ± 0.37 mm as obtained with the Orbscan IIz (P < 0.001). The measurements were highly correlated (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.948; P < 0.001). The 95% limits of agreement for the Pentacam HR versus the Orbscan IIz were -0.14 to 0.33 mm. CONCLUSIONS The observed differences in WTW distance readings between the Pentacam HR and the Orbscan IIz are not clinically relevant, and the 2 devices could be used interchangeably in clinical practice.
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Bravo FG, Kufeke M, Pascual D. Incidence of lower eyelid asymmetry: an anthropometric analysis of 204 patients. Aesthet Surg J 2013; 33:783-8. [PMID: 23825308 DOI: 10.1177/1090820x13495406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To avoid complications and improve patient satisfaction with lower lid blepharoplasty, a precise assessment of any preoperative eyelid asymmetry is essential. OBJECTIVES The authors describe a method of assessing preoperative eyelid asymmetry through readily available software and classifying the resulting measurements. METHODS Digital images of 204 patients were analyzed using Photoshop CS3 Extended software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, California). The left eye was superimposed over the right eye using layers in the software program, and the lower eyelid margin and axis were outlined to obtain a diagram with the superimposed outlines of both eyes. Several measurements (ie, lateral canthal height, lower eyelid margin length and axis angle, and lower palpebral fissure surface area) were obtained for each patient. Differences between the right and left eyelids were recorded, and these data were compared between patients. RESULTS Of the 204 patients studied, 184 (90.2%) had some degree of asymmetry. Most (118; 64.13%) presented with the right lower eyelid at a more inferior position than the left (R-), while 66 (35.87%) presented with the right lower eyelid at a higher position than the left (R+), a difference that was highly significant (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This software is a powerful and precise tool to evaluate and measure eyelid asymmetries. The use of this method showed a large degree of eyelid asymmetry preoperatively (more than 90%), which proves the importance of detecting and adequately analyzing this condition prior to surgery. The authors' simple method may be an important adjunct to obtaining optimal results in patients who seek eyelid surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G. Bravo
- Dr Bravo is Assistant Professor of Plastic Surgery at the Complutense University of Madrid and Program Director of the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department of the Doce de Octubre University Hospital in Madrid, Spain
| | - Matias Kufeke
- Dr Kufeke is a plastic surgery resident at the Doce de Octubre University Hospital in Madrid
| | - David Pascual
- Dr David Pascual was a biostatistics and cardiology specialist and a faculty member of the Cardiology Department of the Gregorio Maranon University Hospital in Madrid. He passed away on May 9, 2011, during the study period
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Yoshitake S, Oh H, Kita M. Endoscope-assisted vitrectomy for retinal detachment in an eye with microcornea. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2012; 56:613-6. [PMID: 22926755 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-012-0176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a case of an endoscope-assisted vitrectomy for the treatment of retinal detachment associated with microcornea in a normal size globe. SUBJECTS A 26-year-old Japanese man was referred after complaining of visual acuity loss OD. Both eyes became aphakic because of surgery for congenital cataracts in infancy. The visual acuity was 0.02 OD. The corneal diameter was 7.5 × 7.0 mm and axial length was 23.89 mm. Retinal detachment was suspected, although the details were obscure because of nystagmus and small pupils. Endoscope-assisted, 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy and encircling buckling were performed, and reattachment of the retina was achieved. OBSERVATIONS Retinal breaks were identified, and peripheral parts of the retina were observed by endoscopy. CONCLUSIONS Endoscope-assisted vitrectomy may be advantageous for the management of detachment in an eye with microcornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Yoshitake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki Hospital, 1-1-1 Higashi, Daimotu-cho, Amagasaki 660-0828, Japan
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Cakmak HB, Cagil N, Simavli H, Raza S. Corneal white-to-white distance and mesopic pupil diameter. Int J Ophthalmol 2012; 5:505-9. [PMID: 22937514 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.04.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the relationship between corneal white-to-white (WTW) distance and mesopic pupil diameter. METHODS This study is composed of 30 cases that underwent photorefractive keratotomy (PRK). Pupil size measurements were performed with Schwind ORK wavefront analyzer in mesopic conditions. WTW distance was measured with a measuring caliper. Also, A-scan ultrasound examination was performed in all patients. The relationship among the mesopic pupil diameter and age, sex, axial length, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth(ACD), horizontal WTW distance, vertical WTW distance, spherical equivalent, and average keratometry were analyzed with univariate and multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS Mean pupil diameter was (6.39±0.80)mm (range: 3.70mm-7.73mm). Horizontal WTW distance measurements were between 11.00mm and 12.50mm and mean horizontal WTW distance was (11.79±0.43)mm. On the other hand, vertical WTW distances ranged between 10.00mm and 13.00mm, and their mean was (11.42±0.72)mm. Bivariate correlation between pupil diameter and other variables showed that the axial length, ACD, spherical equivalent, and horizontal WTW distance had a moderate correlation with mesopic pupil diameter. Multiple regression analysis revealed that spherical equivalent and horizontal WTW distances were significantly associated with mesopic pupil diameter (R=0.598, R(2)=0.358 P=0.02). CONCLUSION This study shows that mesopic pupil diameter is closely related to horizontal WTW distance. These two factors must be taken in consideration together in preoperative ablation zone planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Basri Cakmak
- Yıldırım Beyazıt Universitesi, Ataturk Egitim ve Arastırma Hastanesi, Bilkent yolu No: 3 Bilkent, Ankara, Turkey
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Zha Y, Feng W, Han X, Cai J. Evaluation of myopic corneal diameter with the Orbscan II Topography System. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2012; 251:537-41. [PMID: 22653440 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-012-2069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the myopic corneal diameter with Orbscan II Topography System (Bausch & Lomb, Orbtek Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, USA). METHODS Four hundred sixty-two eyes of 231 myopic patients and 129 emmetropic eyes were measured with the Orbscan II system. Eyes were divided into four groups according to the spherical equivalent(SE) as follows: group 1 [emmetropic group, spherical equivalents between -0.50 D and +0.50 D (-0.50<SE ≤ +0.50)]; group 2 [low myopia group, spherical equivalent between -0.50 D and -3.00D (-3.00<SE ≤ -0.50)]; group 3 [median myopia group, spherical equivalent between -3.00 and -6.00D (-6.00<SE ≤ -3.00)]; and group 4 [high myopia group, spherical equivalents of -6.00D or less (≤-6.00)]. Manifest refraction results and the Orbscan II corneal topographic maps were reviewed retrospectively. Horizontal corneal diameters (white-to-white [WTW] distance) were measured with the Orbscan II system. Subjects in different groups were matched to be comparable in terms of spherical equivalents. RESULTS The corneal diameter in all myopic eyes was 11.49 ± 0.36 mm. There were no significant differences between right and left eyes in the t-test for paired samples (t = -0.119, P = 0.906). Differences among four groups proved to be significant in the ANOVA (F = 4.487, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS This article provides a detailed description and analysis of Orbscan II corneal diameter of a normal myopic population. High degree of mirror image symmetry existed in myopic corneal diameter. Spherical equivalents made a difference in corneal diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zha
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, 109 Xueyuan Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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The open sky approach to brow suspension surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-011-0629-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cosmetic Comparison of Gold Weight and Platinum Chain Insertion in Primary Upper Eyelid Loading for Lagophthalmos. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 28:171-5. [DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e3182467bf7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Outcomes of lower eyelid cicatricial entropion with grey-line split, retractor recession, lateral-horn lysis, and anterior lamella repositioning. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2012; 28:134-9. [PMID: 22410661 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e3182467c11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report indications and outcomes of a technique for the correction of lower eyelid cicatricial entropion using a lower eyelid gray-line split, inferior retractor recession, lateral-horn lysis, and anterior lamella repositioning. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective, 5-year, single-center, consecutive case series of patients with lower eyelid cicatricial margin entropion undergoing the above procedure. Patients with significant inferior fornix contraction or symblepharon undergoing concurrent fornix reconstruction with buccal mucosal grafts at the same time as lamella repositioning were excluded. Outcomes were assessed based on the review of medical case notes and clinical photographs assessed independently. Success was defined by: 1) improvement in eyelid position and 2) improvement in lower eyelid retraction. RESULTS Twenty-one eyelids of 19 patients (mean age 57.7 ± 22.6 years, range 5-95 years, 8 men and 11 women) were included. The mean follow up was 27.4 ± 16.8 (range 3.2-59.6) months. The causes of cicatricial entropion were as follows: ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (6), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (3), previous eyelid reconstruction (2), socket scarring (2), thermal burn (1), chemical burn (3), postradiotherapy (1), and meibomian gland dysfunction (1). A second procedure was carried out in 38% (8/21) of eyelids within 1 year. Within 3 years, 10% (2/21) and 5% (1/21) of eyelids required a third and fourth procedure, respectively. The most common lower eyelid revision procedures included anterior lamellar repositioning. Other procedures required included buccal mucous membrane grafts, everting sutures, and lateral tarsorrhaphy. Three patients with loss of >50% inferior fornix depth were included. Two had previously undergone mucosal grafts and 2 required subsequent mucosal grafts. Overall, 90% (19/21) of eyelids eventually achieved improvement in lower eyelid position following repeat surgery, including mucosal grafts in 3 eyelids. Mid-pupil lower eyelid elevation was 1 mm in 6 of 19 (32%) patients and lower eyelid lateral retraction significantly improved in 9 of 19 (47%) patients. CONCLUSION Based on the principles of lamella repositioning and posterior middle lamella release with formal retractor recession through a gray-line incision, this technique is of value as a lash-preserving procedure in moderate-to-severe cicatricial lower eyelid entropion, particularly where tarsoconjuctival contraction or eyelid margin distortion exists.
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Composite septo-retractor recession; a surgical technique for lower-eyelid retraction and review of the literature. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2011; 27:447-52. [PMID: 21946771 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0b013e3182286962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the outcomes of a technique for correcting lower-eyelid retraction with composite recession of the inferior retractor and orbital septum complex, release of the lateral horn of the lower-eyelid retractors, and the orbito-malar ligament (OML) followed by skin, orbicularis, and conjunctival advancement. METHODS We performed a retrospective, noncomparative review of consecutive procedures performed on patients with lower-eyelid retraction undergoing composite septo-retractor recession for lower-eyelid retraction over a 4-year period, performed or supervised by a single surgeon (RM). Outcomes are based on postoperative standard photographs, including central pupil to lower-eyelid distance, inferior scleral show, and subjective improvement in lower-eyelid lateral flare. RESULTS We reviewed 26 eyes of 16 patients (12 men, 4 women; mean age, 61.0 ± 14.3 years). Causes of lower-eyelid retraction included involutional (n = 6), thyroid orbitopathy (n = 4), previous lower-eyelid surgery (n = 3), mechanical secondary to proptosis (n = 1), Crouzon syndrome (n = 1), and longstanding facial nerve palsy (n = 1). Mean lower-eyelid elevation achieved was 1.4 mm ± 1.3 mm (range, 0.2 to 6.6 mm; p = 0.001). Scleral show improved by 1.0 ± 0.7 mm (range, 0.0 to 2.9; p = <0.001). Preoperatively, all patients had an altered lower-eyelid contour with lateral flare, 89% cases being graded "significant." Lower-eyelid contour improved postoperatively, with only 19% graded "significant" lateral flare (p = <0.0001). No significant complications occurred, although one patient required excision of a secondary lateral canthal cyst. CONCLUSION Composite recession of the inferior retractor and orbital septum complex combined with release of the inferior retractor lateral horn and the OML significantly improves lower-eyelid height and contour in cases of lower-eyelid retraction and should be considered a useful option for this condition.
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Driessen JP, Vuyk H, Borgstein J. New insights into facial anthropometry in digital photographs using iris dependent calibration. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2011; 75:579-84. [PMID: 21329992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In facial and reconstructive surgery objective assessment of anatomy is crucial to evaluate surgical results. Photographic computer-assisted anthropometry substitutes clinical measurements. The constancy of the horizontal iris diameter (IDh) allows iris dependent calibration of photographs, replacing the need for a scale. METHODS We performed a prospective cohort study to assess the constancy of the IDh in children. Frontal and close-up digital photographs of the eyes were taken of 100 children aged 5-18 years. The IDh was measured twice; once with a scale positioned on the forehead (IDh*(forehead)) and once with a scale positioned next to the tragus (IDh*(ear)). RESULTS Our data confirms the constancy of the IDh in children from the age of 5, with a mean IDh*(forehead) of 11.22 ± 0.52 mm. We found no difference between gender and no variation with age. For structures that are not in the same coronal plane as the iris, an adjusted iris diameter is needed to compensate for the difference in distance from the camera. CONCLUSION We confirm the reliability of iris dependent calibration in frontal photographs from the age of 5. This technique allows evaluation of a wide variety of pre-existing photographs that do not have a scale included, simplifies photographic conditions and facilitates long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette P Driessen
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck surgery, Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Current World Literature. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2011; 22:141-6. [DOI: 10.1097/icu.0b013e32834483fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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