2
|
Chojdak-Łukasiewicz J, Dziadkowiak E. Visual Snow Syndrome in Patient with Migraine: Case Report and Literature Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:1373. [PMID: 38592219 PMCID: PMC10931930 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13051373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Visual snow syndrome (VSS) is a rarely diagnosed neurological phenomenon. It is a visual disorder characterised by the presence of numerous white, black, or translucent dots in the visual field, resembling the 'snow' of an analogue TV set experiencing reception interference. According to The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, visual snow is defined as a pattern of continuous small dots across the visual field lasting >3 months and accompanied by at least two of the following four additional symptoms: palinopsia, increased entoptic phenomena, photophobia, and nyctalopia. These complaints are not consistent with a typical migraine with visual aura and cannot be better explained by another disorder. The authors present the case of a 39-year-old woman who was diagnosed with VSS. The symptoms appeared after a migraine attack and had not alleviated. The patient reported a sensation of constant 'TV screen snow'. A neurological examination found no signs of focal damage to the nervous system. The results of the ophthalmological examination, MRI of the brain with contrast, MRI of the eye sockets, and EEG were normal. VSS is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood, different from migraine aura and associated with a number of additional symptoms. VSS is very difficult to treat. In this case, a lot of drugs were used without improvement. Further research must be conducted to determine the best treatment options for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Dziadkowiak
- Department of Neurology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calva-González M, Tello-Gerez TJ, Serrano-Arias F, Cano-Nigenda V, Ramírez-Bermúdez J. The Neuropsychiatric Side of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Case of Delirium and Catatonia. J Psychiatr Pract 2023; 29:493-498. [PMID: 37948175 DOI: 10.1097/pra.0000000000000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We report a patient with cerebral venous thrombosis who initially presented with psychosis and who then progressed to delirium and catatonia within a few days. Upon treatment and resolution of the thrombosis, she presented complete remission of the psychiatric disturbances. This case highlights a specific neuropsychiatric presentation of cerebral venous thrombosis involving psychosis, catatonia, and delirium, which, to our best knowledge, has not been reported in the neurological or psychiatric literature. However, it reminds us of mental status and behavioral abnormalities which are not infrequent features of cerebral venous thrombosis. This leads to a discussion regarding the psychopathology, etiology, and pathophysiology of the case.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jimeno N, Gomez-Pilar J, Poza J, Hornero R, Vogeley K, Meisenzahl E, Lichtenstein TK, Rosen M, Kambeitz J, Klosterkötter J, Schultze-Lutter F. (Attenuated) hallucinations join basic symptoms in a transdiagnostic network cluster analysis. Schizophr Res 2022; 243:43-54. [PMID: 35231833 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hallucinations are considered characteristic symptoms of psychosis and part of the 'psychosis superspectrum' of the Hierarchical Taxonomy Of Psychopathology (HiTOP) initiative. To gain insight into their psychopathological relevance, we studied their dimensional placement within a single dense transdiagnostic network constituting of basic symptoms as well as of attenuated and frank psychotic, and related symptoms. Newman's modularity analysis was used to detect symptom clusters in an earlier generated network (Jimeno, N., et al., 2020. Main symptomatic treatment targets in suspected and early psychosis: New insights from network analysis. Schizophr. Bull. 46, 884-895. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbz140). The constituting 86 symptoms were assessed with the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument, Adult version (SPI-A), the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS), and the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in three adult samples of an early detection service: clinical high-risk (n = 203), first-episode psychosis (n = 153), and major depression (n = 104). Three clusters were detected: "subjective disturbances", "positive symptoms and behaviors", and "negative and anxious-depressive symptoms". The predominately attenuated hallucinations of both SIPS and PANSS joined the basic symptoms in "subjective disturbances", whereas other positive symptoms entered "positive symptoms and behaviors". Our results underline the importance of insight in separating true psychotic hallucinations from other hallucinatory experiences that, albeit phenomenologically similar are still experienced with some insight, i.e., are present in an attenuated form. We conclude that, strictly, hallucinations held with any degree of insight should not be used to diagnose transition to or presence of frank psychoses and, relatedly, to justify antipsychotic medication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jimeno
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; GINCYL, Research Group on Clinical Neuroscience of Castile and Leon, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Javier Gomez-Pilar
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesus Poza
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain; IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Roberto Hornero
- Biomedical Engineering Group, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain; CIBER-BBN, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Valladolid, Spain; IMUVA, Mathematics Research Institute, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Kai Vogeley
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; INM3, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresa K Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marlene Rosen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph Kambeitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim Klosterkötter
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Frauke Schultze-Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia; University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|