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Chen N, Chen S, Zhang Z, Cui X, Wu L, Guo K, Shao H, Ma JX, Zhang X. Overexpressing Kallistatin Aggravates Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis Through Promoting Th17 Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:756423. [PMID: 34733288 PMCID: PMC8558411 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.756423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallistatin or kallikrein-binding protein (KBP) has been reported to regulate angiogenesis, inflammation and tumor progression. Autoimmune uveitis is a common, sight-threatening inflammatory intraocular disease. However, the roles of kallistatin in autoimmunity and autoreactive T cells are poorly investigated. Compared to non-uveitis controls, we found that plasma levels of kallistatin were significantly upregulated in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, one of the non-infectious uveitis. Using an experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) model induced by human interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein peptide 651-670 (hIRBP651-670), we examined the effects of kallistatin on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Compared to wild type (WT) mice, kallistatin transgenic (KS) mice developed severe uveitis with dominant Th17 infiltrates in the eye. In addition, the proliferative antigen-specific T cells isolated from KS EAU mice produced increased levels of IL-17A, but not IFN-γ or IL-10 cytokines. Moreover, splenic CD4+ T cells from naïve KS mice expressed higher levels of Il17a mRNA compared to WT naïve mice. Under Th17 polarization conditions, KS mice exhibited enhanced differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells compared to WT controls. Together, our results indicate that kallistatin promotes Th17 differentiation and is a key regulator of aggravating autoinflammation in EAU. Targeting kallistatin might be a potential to treat autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuexue Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzi Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Kailei Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Baharlooi H, Azimi M, Salehi Z, Izad M. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Ace Card to Address Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2020; 13:13-23. [PMID: 31887849 PMCID: PMC7119210 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of novel treatments for autoimmune disorders, it has become a popular research focus which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the capacity to counteract with autoimmune diseases progression. One of the underlying mechanisms behind their activities is the release of extracellular vesicles especially exosomes. MSC-derived exosomes are hypoimmunogenic nanocarriers which contain numerous immunoregulatory factors and similar to other exosomes, are able to pass through boundaries like the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Accumulating evidence provided by animal studies has demonstrated that MSC-derived exosomes, as a novel therapy, can re-induce self-tolerance, without subsequent complications reported for other treatments. Therefore, therapeutic applications of MSC-derived exosomes are contributing to core advances in the field of autoimmune diseases. Here, we briefly describe the biological characteristics of MSC-derived exosomes and review the experimentally verified outcomes for autoimmune disease therapy purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Baharlooi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salehi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Izad
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Bai L, Shao H, Wang H, Zhang Z, Su C, Dong L, Yu B, Chen X, Li X, Zhang X. Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes on Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4323. [PMID: 28659587 PMCID: PMC5489510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ameliorated experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (EAU) in rats. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) were thought to carry functions of MSCs. In this study, we tested the effect of local administration of human MSC-Exo on established EAU in the same species. Rats with EAU induced by immunization with interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein 1177–1191 peptide were treated by periocular injections of increasing doses of MSC-Exo starting at the disease onset for 7 consecutive days. The in vitro effects of MSC-Exo on immune cell migration and responder T cell proliferation were examined by chemotactic assays and lymphocyte proliferation assays, respectively. We found that MSC-Exo greatly reduced the intensity of ongoing EAU as their parent cells by reducing the infiltration of T cell subsets, and other inflammatory cells, in the eyes. Furthermore, the chemoattractive effects of CCL2 and CCL21 on inflammatory cells were inhibited by MSC-Exo. However, no inhibitory effect of MSC-Exo on IRBP-specific T cell proliferation was observed. These results suggest that MSC-Exo effectively ameliorate EAU by inhibiting the migration of inflammatory cells, indicating a potential novel therapy of MSC-Exo for uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hongxing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Chang Su
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Lijie Dong
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiteng Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin, 300384, P.R. China.
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Bermudez MA, Sendon-Lago J, Seoane S, Eiro N, Gonzalez F, Saa J, Vizoso F, Perez-Fernandez R. Anti-inflammatory effect of conditioned medium from human uterine cervical stem cells in uveitis. Exp Eye Res 2016; 149:84-92. [PMID: 27381329 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of conditioned medium from human uterine cervical stem cells (CM-hUCESCs) in uveitis. To do that, uveitis was induced in rats after footpad injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccaride (LPS). Human retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE-19) cells after LPS challenge were used to test anti-inflammatory effect of CM-hUCESCs 'ìn vitro'. Real-time PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interkeukin-6, interkeukin-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and the anti-inflammatory interkeukin-10. Leucocytes from aqueous humor (AqH) were quantified in a Neubauer chamber, and eye histopathological analysis was done with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Additionally, using a human cytokine antibody array we evaluated CM-hUCESCs to determine mediating proteins. Results showed that administration of CM-hUCESCs significantly reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines both 'in vitro' and 'in vivo', and decreased leucocytes in AqH and ocular tissues. High levels of cytokines with anti-inflammatory effects were found in CM-hUCESCs, suggesting a possible role of these factors in reducing intraocular inflammation. In summary, treatment with CM-hUCESCs significantly reduces inflammation in uveitis. Our data indicate that CM-hUCESCs could be regarded as a potential therapeutic agent for patients suffering from ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Bermudez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Juan Sendon-Lago
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Samuel Seoane
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Noemi Eiro
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación con Células Madre Uterinas (FICEMU), 33212, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Francisco Gonzalez
- Department of Surgery-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, and Service of Ophthalmology-IDIS, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Jorge Saa
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación con Células Madre Uterinas (FICEMU), 33212, Gijón, Spain; Service of Ophthalmology, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Francisco Vizoso
- Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Hospital de Jove, 33290, Gijón, Spain; Fundación para la Investigación con Células Madre Uterinas (FICEMU), 33212, Gijón, Spain.
| | - Roman Perez-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology-CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Salazar-Méndez R, Yilmaz T, Cordero-Coma M. Moving forward in uveitis therapy: preclinical to phase II clinical trial drug development. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2015; 25:195-214. [DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1128893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Gimenes AD, Andrade TRM, Mello CB, Ramos L, Gil CD, Oliani SM. Beneficial effect of annexin A1 in a model of experimental allergic conjunctivitis. Exp Eye Res 2015; 134:24-32. [PMID: 25795053 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a 37 kDa glucocorticoid-regulated protein, is a potent anti-inflammatory mediator effective in terminating acute inflammatory response, and its role in allergic settings has been poorly studied. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the mechanism of action of ANXA1 in intraocular inflammation using a classical model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic conjunctivitis (AC). OVA-immunised Balb/c mice, wild-type (WT) and ANXA1-deficient (AnxA1(-/-)), were challenged with eye drops containing OVA on days 14-16 with a subset of WT animals pretreated intraperitoneally with the peptide Ac2-26 (N-terminal region of ANXA1) or dexamethasone (DEX). After 24 h of the last ocular challenge, WT mice treated with Ac2-26 and DEX had significantly reduced clinical signs of conjunctivitis (chemosis, conjunctival hyperaemia, lid oedema and tearing), plasma IgE levels, leukocyte (eosinophil and neutrophil) influx and mast cell degranulation in the conjunctiva compared to WT controls. These anti-inflammatory effects of DEX were associated with high endogenous levels of ANXA1 in the ocular tissues as detected by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, Ac2-26 administration was effective to reduce IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, eotaxin and RANTES in the eye and lymph nodes compared to untreated WT animals. The lack of ANXA1 produced an exacerbated allergic response as detected by the density of the inflammatory cell influx to the conjunctiva and the cytokine/chemokine release. These different effects observed for Ac2-26 were correlated with diminished level of activated ERK at 24 h in the ocular tissues compared to untreated OVA group. Our findings demonstrate the protective effect of ANXA1 during the inflammatory allergic response suggesting this protein as a potential target for new ocular inflammation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre D Gimenes
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, 04023-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Teresa Raquel M Andrade
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, 04023-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cláudia B Mello
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Imunomorfologia, Departamento de Biologia, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisandra Ramos
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, 04023-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane D Gil
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, 04023-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sonia M Oliani
- UNIFESP - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Histologia, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, 04023-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Laboratório de Imunomorfologia, Departamento de Biologia, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Kam KW, Tam LS, Tam MKP, Young AL. Infliximab in the treatment of refractory ocular inflammatory diseases. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2015; 4:19-24. [PMID: 26068609 DOI: 10.1097/apo.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Infliximab is frequently used in the treatment of refractory rheumatic diseases. We report our initial local experience at a tertiary eye center in Hong Kong in using infliximab as treatment of various refractory ocular inflammatory diseases that have failed with conventional corticosteroid and immunosuppressant therapy. DESIGN This is a retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS We reviewed all the medical records of patients who had refractory ocular inflammatory diseases and received infliximab as part of their treatment. We collected data regarding the visual acuity, status of inflammation, and any complications arising from the treatment. RESULTS Seven eyes from 3 male and 2 female patients were recruited. Two patients had peripheral ulcerative keratitis, whereas the remaining patients had uveitis. Two patients had bilateral diseases, and the rest were unilateral. All patients achieved quiescence after 3 doses of infliximab infusions during the period of 3 months. Most of the patients retained a useful visual acuity of 20/70 or better at the end of the study. There were no serious adverse effects or complications encountered from the infliximab therapy. CONCLUSIONS Infliximab is a valuable and potent option that may be considered in the management of various refractory ocular inflammatory diseases. However, larger controlled studies are needed to evaluate the safety profile, optimal treatment schedule, and adverse effects of long-term infliximab therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Wai Kam
- From the *Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, and †Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Girol AP, Mimura KKO, Drewes CC, Bolonheis SM, Solito E, Farsky SHP, Gil CD, Oliani SM. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the annexin A1 protein and its mimetic peptide Ac2-26 in models of ocular inflammation in vivo and in vitro. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:5689-701. [PMID: 23645879 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a protein that displays potent anti-inflammatory properties, but its expression in eye tissue and its role in ocular inflammatory diseases have not been well studied. We investigated the mechanism of action and potential uses of AnxA1 and its mimetic peptide (Ac2-26) in the endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rodent model and in human ARPE-19 cells activated by LPS. In rats, analysis of untreated EIU after 24 and 48 h or EIU treated with topical applications or with a single s.c. injection of Ac2-26 revealed the anti-inflammatory actions of Ac2-26 on leukocyte infiltration and on the release of inflammatory mediators; the systemic administration of Boc2, a formylated peptide receptor (fpr) antagonist, abrogated the peptide's protective effects. Moreover, AnxA1(-/-) mice exhibited exacerbated EIU compared with wild-type animals. Immunohistochemical studies of ocular tissue showed a specific AnxA1 posttranslational modification in EIU and indicated that the fpr2 receptor mediated the anti-inflammatory actions of AnxA1. In vitro studies confirmed the roles of AnxA1 and fpr2 and the protective effects of Ac2-26 on the release of chemical mediators in ARPE-19 cells. Molecular analysis of NF-κB translocation and IL-6, IL-8, and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression indicated that the protective effects of AnxA1 occur independently of the NF-κB signaling pathway and possibly in a posttranscriptional manner. Together, our data highlight the role of AnxA1 in ocular inflammation, especially uveitis, and suggest the use of AnxA1 or its mimetic peptide Ac2-26 as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Girol
- Department of Biology, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto 15054-000, Brazil
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Abstract
Noninfectious intraocular inflammatory disease remains a significant cause of visual loss, even with current systemic immunosuppression. Alternative novel treatments are thus required, particularly for severe forms of posterior uveitis. Encouraging results from several phase I/II clinical trials of gene therapy for monogenic retinal disorders have paved the way for the development of this approach for other ocular conditions. Gene therapy for uveitis offers the possibility of potent, self-regulating, long-term disease control following a single treatment and without systemic side effects. To date, gene therapy approaches using interleukin-10, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, interferon-alpha, soluble TNF-alpha receptors, and alpha-MSH gene transfer have been used successfully to attenuate experimental animal models of uveitis. This review evaluates these preclinical studies, considers the route to clinical application, and explores future targets and approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Chu
- University of Bristol, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LX, UK
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Cunningham ET, Pasadhika S, Suhler EB, Zierhut M. Drug-induced inflammation in patients on TNFα inhibitors. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012; 20:2-5. [PMID: 22324894 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2011.644383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Cunningham ET. Surveying uveitis specialists-a call for consensus. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect 2012; 2:61-3. [PMID: 22454249 PMCID: PMC3345051 DOI: 10.1007/s12348-012-0061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Cunningham ET, Goldstein DA, Zierhut M. Uveitis Treatment Trials—A Cross-study Perspective. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2012; 20:63-7. [PMID: 22360435 DOI: 10.3109/09273948.2012.661297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Bar-Yehuda S, Luger D, Ochaion A, Cohen S, Patokaa R, Zozulya G, Silver PB, de Morales JMGR, Caspi RR, Fishman P. Inhibition of experimental auto-immune uveitis by the A3 adenosine receptor agonist CF101. Int J Mol Med 2011; 28:727-31. [PMID: 21887476 PMCID: PMC3167223 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveitis is an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye with a high risk of blindness. The Gi protein associated A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) is highly expressed in inflammatory cells whereas low expression is found in normal cells. CF101 is a highly specific agonist at the A3AR known to induce a robust anti-inflammatory effect in different experimental animal models. The CF101 mechanism of action entails down-regulation of the NF-κB-TNF-α signaling pathway, resulting in inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokine production and apoptosis of inflammatory cells. In this study the effect of CF101 on the development of retinal antigen interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-induced experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was assessed. Oral treatment with CF101 (10 µg/kg, twice daily), initiated upon disease onset, improved uveitis clinical score measured by fundoscopy and ameliorated the pathological manifestations of the disease. Shortly after treatment with CF101 A3AR expression levels were down-regulated in the lymph node and spleen cells pointing towards receptor activation. Downstream events included a decrease in PI3K and STAT-1 and proliferation inhibition of IRPB auto-reactive T cells ex vivo. Inhibition of interleukin-2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production and up-regulation of interleukin-10 was found in cultured splenocytes derived from CF101-treated animals. Overall, the present study data point towards a marked anti-inflammatory effect of CF101 in EAU and support further exploration of this small molecule drug for the treatment of uveitis.
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