Significance of the Factors Associated With Parametrial Involvement in Stage IB to IIA Cervical Cancer

Which factors predict parametrial involvement in stage IB cervical cancer? A Chinese multicentre study

OBJECTIVE

To explore the clinicopathological risk factors influencing parametrial involvement (PI) in stage IB cervical cancer patients and compare the oncological outcomes between Q-M type B radical hysterectomy (RH) group and Q-M type C RH group.

METHODS

Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to explore the clinicopathological factors related to PI. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage IB cervical cancer who underwent Q-M type B or Q-M type C RH under different circumstances of PI were also compared before and after propensity score matching (1:1 matching).

RESULTS

A total of 6358 patients were enrolled in this study. Depth of stromal invasion>1/2 (HR: 3.139, 95% CI: 1.550-6.360; P = 0.001), vaginal margin (+) (HR: 4.271, 95% CI: 1.368-13.156; P = 0.011), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) (+) (HR: 2.238, 95% CI: 1.353-3.701; P = 0.002) and lymph node metastases (HR: 5.173, 95% CI: 3.091-8.658; P < 0.001) were associated with PI. Among the 6273 patients with negative PI, those in the Q-M type B RH group had a higher 5-year OS and DFS than those in the Q-M type C RH group before and after 1:1 matching. Among the 85 patients with positive PI, Q-M type C RH showed no survival benefits before and after 1:1 matching.

CONCLUSION

Stage IB cervical cancer patients with no lymph node metastasis, LVSI(-) and depth of stromal invasion ≤1/2 may be considered for Q-M type B radical hysterectomy.

Search for conditions to avoid parametrectomy during radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer

AIM

This study aimed to assess adequate conditions for omitting parametrectomy for stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer with the aim of reducing postoperative complications during Type III radical hysterectomy (RH).

METHODS

We investigated factors associated with parametrial invasion (PMI) in patients who underwent Type III RH for stage IB1, IB2, IIA1, IIA2 and IIB cervical cancer at two tertiary institutions from November 2006 to February 2018. Both clinicopathological and preoperatively estimated factors were assessed.

RESULTS

One hundred fifty-six patients were preoperatively diagnosed with stage IB1 to IIB disease. Thirty-four patients (21.8%) showed PMI on histological analyses. In the multivariate analysis, an age older than 50 years, tumor size larger than 40 mm, common iliac lymph node metastasis and lymphovascular space invasion were identified as significant risk factors for PMI (P-values = 0.008, 0.003, 0.004 and 0.004, respectively). The preoperatively estimated risk factors for PMI were an older age, larger tumor size, and common iliac lymph node metastasis (P-values = 0.007, 0.002 and 0.001, respectively). A combination of these three factors was sufficient to estimate PMI with a high specificity (100%) and positive predictive value (100%) in patients with stage IB1 to IIA2 disease.

CONCLUSION

During RH, resecting the posterior layer of the vesicouterine ligament and the paracolpium without removing the cardinal ligament (avoiding parametrectomy) might be feasible for stage IB1-IIA2 cervical cancer in patients younger than 50 years presenting with smaller tumors (<40 mm) and no common iliac lymph node metastasis.

Prognostic relevance of low-grade versus high-grade FIGO IB1 squamous cell uterine cervical carcinomas

PURPOSE

Tumor grade is one of the more controversial factors with limited prognostic information in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the uterine cervix.

METHODS

Histologic slides of 233 surgically treated cervical SCC (FIGO IB1) were re-examined regarding the prognostic impact of the WHO-based grading system, using the different degree of keratinization, categorizing the tumors in G1, G2 and G3 (conventional tumor grade).

RESULTS

45.1% presented with well-differentiated tumors (G1), 29.2% with moderate (G2) and 25.8% with poor differentiation (G3). Tumor grade significantly correlated with decreased recurrence-free and overall survival. However, detailed analyses between G1- and G2-tumors failed to show any correlation with either recurrence-free or overall survival. G1- and G2-tumors were therefore merged into low-grade tumors and were compared to the high-grade group (G3-tumors). This binary conventional grading system showed an improved 5-years recurrence-free (low-grade: 90.2% vs. high-grade: 71.6%; p = 0.001) and overall survival rates (low-grade: 89.9% vs. high-grade: 71.1%; p = 0.001) for low-grade tumors. On multivariate analysis adjusted for lymph node metastasis, high-grade tumors represented a hazard ratio of 2.4 (95% CI 1.3-4.7) for reduced recurrence-free and 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.6) for overall survival. High-grade tumors showed a significantly higher risk for pelvic lymph node involvement [OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.4-5.5); p = 0.003]. The traditional three-tiered grading system failed to predict pelvic lymph node metastases.

CONCLUSION

A binary grading model for the conventional tumor grade (based on the degree of keratinization) in SCC of the uterine cervix may allow a better prognostic discrimination than the traditionally used three-tiered system.