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Bahutair SNM, Dube R, Kuruba MGB, Salama RAA, Patni MAMF, Kar SS, Kar R. Molecular Basis of Hydatidiform Moles-A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8739. [PMID: 39201425 PMCID: PMC11354253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTDs) encompass a spectrum of conditions characterized by abnormal trophoblastic cell growth, ranging from benign molar pregnancies to malignant trophoblastic neoplasms. This systematic review explores the molecular underpinnings of GTDs, focusing on genetic and epigenetic factors that influence disease progression and clinical outcomes. Based on 71 studies identified through systematic search and selection criteria, key findings include dysregulations in tumor suppressor genes such as p53, aberrant apoptotic pathways involving BCL-2 (B-cell lymphoma), and altered expression of growth factor receptors and microRNAs (micro-ribose nucleic acid). These molecular alterations not only differentiate molar pregnancies from normal placental development but also contribute to their clinical behavior, from benign moles to potentially malignant forms. The review synthesizes insights from immunohistochemical studies and molecular analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of GTD pathogenesis and implications for personalized care strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadha Nasser Mohammed Bahutair
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rajani Dube
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Manjunatha Goud Bellary Kuruba
- Department of Biochemistry, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rasha Aziz Attia Salama
- Department of Community Medicine, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.A.S.); (M.A.M.F.P.)
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Kasr El Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Anas Mohamed Faruk Patni
- Department of Community Medicine, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates; (R.A.A.S.); (M.A.M.F.P.)
| | - Subhranshu Sekhar Kar
- Department of Pediatrics, RAK College of Medical Sciences, RAK Medical & Health Sciences University, Ras al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Rakhee Kar
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry 605006, India;
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Parker VL, Winter MC, Tidy JA, Hancock BW, Palmer JE, Sarwar N, Kaur B, McDonald K, Aguiar X, Singh K, Unsworth N, Jabbar I, Pacey AA, Harrison RF, Seckl MJ. PREDICT-GTN 1: Can we improve the FIGO scoring system in gestational trophoblastic neoplasia? Int J Cancer 2023; 152:986-997. [PMID: 36346113 PMCID: PMC10108153 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients are treated according to the eight-variable International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) scoring system, that aims to predict first-line single-agent chemotherapy resistance. FIGO is imperfect with one-third of low-risk patients developing disease resistance to first-line single-agent chemotherapy. We aimed to generate simplified models that improve upon FIGO. Logistic regression (LR) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) modelling (n = 4191) generated six models (M1-6). M1, all eight FIGO variables (scored data); M2, all eight FIGO variables (scored and raw data); M3, nonimaging variables (scored data); M4, nonimaging variables (scored and raw data); M5, imaging variables (scored data); and M6, pretreatment hCG (raw data) + imaging variables (scored data). Performance was compared to FIGO using true and false positive rates, positive and negative predictive values, diagnostic odds ratio, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, Bland-Altman calibration plots, decision curve analysis and contingency tables. M1-6 were calibrated and outperformed FIGO on true positive rate and positive predictive value. Using LR and MLP, M1, M2 and M4 generated small improvements to the ROC curve and decision curve analysis. M3, M5 and M6 matched FIGO or performed less well. Compared to FIGO, most (excluding LR M4 and MLP M5) had significant discordance in patient classification (McNemar's test P < .05); 55-112 undertreated, 46-206 overtreated. Statistical modelling yielded only small gains over FIGO performance, arising through recategorisation of treatment-resistant patients, with a significant proportion of under/overtreatment as the available data have been used a priori to allocate primary chemotherapy. Streamlining FIGO should now be the focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Parker
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew C Winter
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - John A Tidy
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Barry W Hancock
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Julia E Palmer
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Naveed Sarwar
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Baljeet Kaur
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Katie McDonald
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Xianne Aguiar
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Kamaljit Singh
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nick Unsworth
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Imran Jabbar
- Sheffield Centre for Trophoblastic Disease, Weston Park Cancer Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Allan A Pacey
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, The Medical School, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert F Harrison
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Michael J Seckl
- Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Centre, Department of Medical Oncology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Song X, Zhang X, Xia Q, Li C, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Meng L, Wang C, Li J, Long W. LncRNA LINC00534 regulates cell proliferation and migration via the miR-494-3p/PTEN axis in HTR-8/SVneo cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 37:e24802. [PMID: 36478207 PMCID: PMC9833967 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND LncRNA LINC00534 has been found to be differentially expressed in placental tissue samples of preeclampsia (PE), but the exact mechanism is still unclear. METHODS In vitro assays were carried out in HTR-8/SVneo cells using various methods, including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), transwells, flow cytometry, and Western blotting (WB) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RNA pull-down and bioinformatics analysis were applied to examine other potential underlying mechanisms involved. RESULTS We found that there was a high expression of LINC00534 in the placental tissues of patients with PE. LINC00534 overexpression (OE) significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration as well as accelerated cell apoptosis in HTR8/SVneo cells. The knockdown of LINC00534 produced an opposite trend. Mechanistically, LINC00534 promoted the expressions of PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog) through decreasing miR-494-3p. Further rescue studies showed that LINC00534 played a role by targeting mir-494-3p, which controlled the growth and migration of HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells via regulating PTEN/PI3K/AKT (Phosphatidylinositol3-kinase/protein kinase B). Moreover, lncRNA pull-down assay identified 198 potential bound proteins for LINC00534. Those proteins were mostly involved in RNA processing and modification, posttranslational modification, protein turnover, and chaperones. CONCLUSION Overall, by suppressing HTR8/SVneo cell growth and migration via the miR-494-3p/PTEN axis and other mechanisms, LINC00534 offers new insight into PE pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejing Song
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical InstituteWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina,Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNingbo First HospitalNingboChina
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical InstituteWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina,Department of ObstetricsThe Affiliated Kezhou People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityKezhouXinjiangChina
| | - Qing Xia
- Department of ObstetricsWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Chunyan Li
- Department of ObstetricsWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Yanrong Zhang
- Department of ObstetricsWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of ObstetricsWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Li Meng
- Department of Intensive Care UnitWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Department of ObstetricsWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Jingyun Li
- Nanjing Maternal and Child Health Medical InstituteWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
| | - Wei Long
- Department of ObstetricsWomen's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital)NanjingChina
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Wang YX, Cui L, Wu WB, Quinn MJ, Menon R, Zhao JR, Zhang HJ. Downregulation of PDCD4 by deSUMOylation associates with the progression of gestational trophoblastic disease. Placenta 2022; 130:17-24. [PMID: 36370491 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2022.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a range of trophoblastic disorders from hydatidiform mole (HM), to malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). The exact molecular mechanisms of GTN remain unknown. Dysregulation and dysfunction of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4)have been observed in many cancers. The roles of PDCD4 in GTD have not been previously reported. METHODS A total of 161 cases of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded trophoblast blocks, and 36 cases of fresh trophoblast tissues were collected, including normal first trimester placentas, HM, and invasive HM. Choriocarcinoma cells JAR and JEG-3 were employed. The expressions of PDCD4 and small ubiquitin-like modifier 2/3 (SUMO2/3) were examined by immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and Western blotting in trophoblastic tissues and cells. The relationship between SUMOylation and PDCD4 was investigated. The effects of PDCD4 on proliferation, invasion, and migration of choriocarcinoma cells were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 and transwell assays post siRNA transfection. Extracellular Matrix & Adhesion Profiler PCR Array was used to screen the downstream molecules of PDCD4. RESULTS PDCD4 was significantly repressed in HM tissues. Loss of PDCD4 expression was demonstrated in 90% invasive HMs. Choriocarcinoma cells also displayed with suppressed PDCD4 expression. The varied expression of PDCD4 was paralleled by SUMO2/3. Inhibition of SUMOylation reduced the expression of PDCD4. Silencing of PDCD4promoted proliferation/migration/invasion, upregulatedMMP3/MMP8/ITGB2, and downregulated TIMP1/TIMP2 in choriocarcinoma cells. DISCUSSION Our results suggest that reduced SUMOylation is one reason for suppressed PDCD4 in GTD. Loss of PDCD4 likely determines the malignant phenotype of GTN by dysregulating some members of the MMPs/TIMPs/integrins complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Xin Wang
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China; Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ling Cui
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei-Bin Wu
- Department of Biobank, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Martin John Quinn
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Ramkumar Menon
- Division of Basic and Translational Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jiu-Ru Zhao
- Department of Biobank, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hui-Juan Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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METTL3 m6A-dependently promotes miR-21-5p maturation to accelerate choriocarcinoma progression via the HIF1AN-induced inactivation of the HIF1A/VEGF pathway. Genes Genomics 2022; 44:1311-1322. [PMID: 36074324 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01309-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational choriocarcinoma is a highly malignant neoplastic disease derived from pathological changes in trophoblastic cells. Recent evidences have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications play important role in modulating the development of multiple cancers, but the detailed mechanisms by which m6A-mediated choriocarcinoma progression have not been fully delineated. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the role of m6A in choriocarcinoma and reveal its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS The expression of METTL3, miR-21-5p and HIF1AN was detected using RT-qPCR in tissues and cells. The protein expression of METTL3, HIF1AN, HIF1A and VEGF were measured by western blot. The luciferase reporter assays and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were used to verify the relationship between miR-21-5p and HIF1AN. The CCK-8, colony formation and transwell assays were used to detected cell proliferation and cell migration, respectively. RESULTS Here, we demonstrated that the m6A methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) was aberrantly high-expressed in the clinical choriocarcinoma tissues and choriocarcinoma cell lines compared to the corresponding normal counterparts. The following functional experiments verified that silencing of METTL3 suppressed cell proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo to hamper the aggressiveness of choriocarcinoma. Next, the mechanical experiments confirmed that METTL3 promoted the maturation of miR-21-5p in an m6A-dependent manner, and elevated miR-21-5p subsequently degraded its downstream hypoxia-inducible factor asparagine hydroxylase (HIF1AN) by targeting its 3' untranslated regions (3'-UTR), resulting in the activation of the tumor-promoting HIF1A/VEGF pathway. Finally, the rescuing experiments verified that METTL3 ablation-induced inhibitory effects on the malignant phenotypes in choriocarcinoma were all abrogated by both miR-21-5p overexpression and HIF1AN downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study firstly reported the involvement of the METTL3/m6A/miR-21-5p/HIF1AN signaling cascade in regulating the progression of choriocarcinoma, which provided novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
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Zhao Y, Huang B, Zhou L, Cai L, Qian J. Challenges in diagnosing hydatidiform moles: a review of promising molecular biomarkers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2022; 22:783-796. [PMID: 36017690 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2118050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hydatidiform moles (HMs) are pathologic conceptions with unique genetic bases and abnormal placental villous tissue. Overlapping ultrasonographical and histological manifestations of molar and non-molar (NM) gestations and HMs subtypes makes accurate diagnosis challenging. Currently, immunohistochemical analysis of p57 and molecular genotyping have greatly improved the diagnostic accuracy. AREAS COVERED The differential expression of molecular biomarkers may be valuable for distinguishing among the subtypes of HMs and their mimics. Thus, biomarkers may be the key to refining HMs diagnosis. In this review, we summarize the current challenges in diagnosing HMs, and provide a critical overview of the recent literature about potential diagnostic biomarkers and their subclassifications. An online search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases was conducted from the inception to 1 April 2022. EXPERT OPINION the emerging biomarkers offer new possibilities to refine the diagnosis for HMs and pregnancy loss. Although the additional studies are required to be quantified and investigated in clinical trials to verify their diagnostic utility. It is important to explore, validate, and facilitate the wide adoption of newly developed biomarkers in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Zhao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Luya Cai
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qian
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, 310003, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Peng X, Zhang Z, Mo Y, Liu J, Wang S, Liu H. Bioinformatics Analysis of Choriocarcinoma-Related MicroRNA-Transcription Factor-Target Gene Regulatory Networks and Validation of Key miRNAs. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:3903-3919. [PMID: 34234459 PMCID: PMC8254590 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s311291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the current research was to construct a miRNA-transcription factor (TF)-target gene regulatory network in order to investigate the mechanism underlying choriocarcinoma and to verify the network through the overexpression or silencing of hub miRNAs in vitro. Materials and Methods A mRNA expression dataset and two miRNA expression datasets were analysed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between normal cells and choriocarcinoma cells. The top 400 upregulated and downregulated DEGs were identified as candidate DEGs, which were then mapped to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks and select hub genes. Moreover, the DGIdb database was utilized to select candidate drugs for hub genes. Moreover, DEM target genes were predicted through the miRWalk2.0 database and overlaid with candidate DEGs to identify the differentially expressed target genes (DETGs). Furthermore, we established miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks and performed functional enrichment analysis of hub DEMs. Finally, we transfected mimics or inhibitors of hub DEMs into choriocarcinoma cells and assessed cell proliferation and migration to verify the vital role of hub DEMs in choriocarcinoma. Results A total of 140 DEMs and 400 candidate DEGs were screened from choriocarcinoma cells and normal cells. A PPI network of 400 candidate DEGs was established. Twenty-nine hub genes and 99 associated small molecules were identified to provide potential target drugs for choriocarcinoma treatment. We obtained 70 DETGs of DEMs derived from the intersection between predicted miRNA target genes and candidate DEGs. Subsequently, 3 hub DEMs were selected, and miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks containing 4 TFs, 3 TFs and 3 TFs for each network were constructed. The RT-PCR results confirmed that miR-29b-3p was highly expressed and that miR-519c-3p and miR-520a-5p were expressed at low levels in choriocarcinoma cells. The overexpression or silencing results suggested that 3 dysregulated hub DEMs jointly accelerated the proliferation and migration of choriocarcinoma. Conclusion Association of miRNA-TF-target gene regulatory networks may help us explore the underlying mechanism and provide potential targets for the diagnosis and treatment of choriocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Peng
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun Mo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Junliang Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Huining Liu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, People's Republic of China
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Di Fiore R, Suleiman S, Pentimalli F, O’Toole SA, O’Leary JJ, Ward MP, Conlon NT, Sabol M, Ozretić P, Erson-Bensan AE, Reed N, Giordano A, Herrington CS, Calleja-Agius J. Could MicroRNAs Be Useful Tools to Improve the Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecological Cancers? A Brief Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083822. [PMID: 33917022 PMCID: PMC8067678 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers pose an important public health issue, with a high incidence among women of all ages. Gynecological cancers such as malignant germ-cell tumors, sex-cord-stromal tumors, uterine sarcomas and carcinosarcomas, gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, vulvar carcinoma and melanoma of the female genital tract, are defined as rare with an annual incidence of <6 per 100,000 women. Rare gynecological cancers (RGCs) are associated with poor prognosis, and given the low incidence of each entity, there is the risk of delayed diagnosis due to clinical inexperience and limited therapeutic options. There has been a growing interest in the field of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small non-coding RNAs of ∼22 nucleotides in length, because of their potential to regulate diverse biological processes. miRNAs usually induce mRNA degradation and translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of target mRNAs, as well as other regions and gene promoters, as well as activating translation or regulating transcription under certain conditions. Recent research has revealed the enormous promise of miRNAs for improving the diagnosis, therapy and prognosis of all major gynecological cancers. However, to date, only a few studies have been performed on RGCs. In this review, we summarize the data currently available regarding RGCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Di Fiore
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
| | - Sherif Suleiman
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Sharon A. O’Toole
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - John J. O’Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Mark P. Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity St James’s Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, 8 Dublin, Ireland; (J.J.O.); (M.P.W.)
| | - Neil T. Conlon
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, 9 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Maja Sabol
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Petar Ozretić
- Laboratory for Hereditary Cancer, Division of Molecular Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (M.S.); (P.O.)
| | - Ayse Elif Erson-Bensan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06810, Turkey;
| | - Nicholas Reed
- Beatson Oncology Centre, Gartnavel General Hospital, 1053 Great Western Road, Glasgow G12 0YN, UK;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Center for Biotechnology, Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, Western General Hospital, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK;
| | - Jean Calleja-Agius
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, MSD 2080 Msida, Malta;
- Correspondence: (R.D.F.); (J.C.-A.); Tel.: +356-2340-3871 (R.D.F.); +356-2340-1892 (J.C.-A.)
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Distinct microRNA profiles for complete hydatidiform moles at risk of malignant progression. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:372.e1-372.e30. [PMID: 33031755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs with important regulatory functions. Although well-studied in cancer, little is known about the role of microRNAs in premalignant disease. Complete hydatidiform moles are benign forms of gestational trophoblastic disease that progress to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in up to 20% of cases; however, there is no well-established biomarker that can predict the development of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate possible differences in microRNA expression between complete moles progressing to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and those regressing after surgical evacuation. STUDY DESIGN Total RNA was extracted from fresh frozen tissues from 39 complete moles collected at the time of uterine evacuation in Brazil. In the study, 39 cases achieved human chorionic gonadotropin normalization without further therapy, and 9 cases developed gestational trophoblastic neoplasia requiring chemotherapy. Total RNA was also extracted from 2 choriocarcinoma cell lines, JEG-3 and JAR, and an immortalized normal placenta cell line, 3A-subE. MicroRNA expression in all samples was quantified using microRNA sequencing. Hits from the sequencing data were validated using a quantitative probe-based assay. Significantly altered microRNAs were then subjected to target prediction and gene ontology analyses to search for alterations in key signaling pathways. Expression of potential microRNA targets was assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Finally, potential prognostic protein biomarkers were validated in an independent set of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded patient samples from the United States (15 complete moles progressing to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia and 12 that spontaneously regressed) using quantitative immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In total, 462 microRNAs were identified in all samples at a threshold of <1 tag per million. MicroRNA sequencing revealed a distinct set of microRNAs associated with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. Gene ontology analysis of the most altered transcripts showed that the leading pathway was related to response to ischemia (P<.001). Here, 2 of the top 3 most significantly altered microRNAs were mir-181b-5p (1.65-fold; adjusted P=.014) and mir-181d-5p (1.85-fold; adjusted P=.014), both of which have been shown to regulate expression of BCL2. By quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, BCL2 messenger RNA expression was significantly lower in the complete moles progressing to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia than the regressing complete moles (-4.69-fold; P=.018). Reduced expression of BCL2 was confirmed in tissue samples by western blot. Immunohistochemistry in the independent patient samples revealed significantly lower cytoplasmic expression of BCL2 in the villous trophoblasts from cases destined for progression to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia compared with those that regressed, both with respect to staining intensity (optic density 0.110±0.102 vs 0.212±0.036; P<.001) and to the percentage of positive cells (16%±28% vs 49.4%±28.05%; P=.003). CONCLUSION Complete moles progressing to gestational trophoblastic neoplasia are associated with a distinct microRNA profile. miR-181 family members and BCL2 may be prognostic biomarkers for predicting gestational trophoblastic neoplasia risk.
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Li Z, Zhou X, Gao W, Sun M, Chen H, Meng T. Circular RNA VRK1 facilitates pre-eclampsia progression via sponging miR-221-3P to regulate PTEN/Akt. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:1826-1841. [PMID: 33738906 PMCID: PMC8918405 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is a worldwide pregnancy‐related disorder. It is mainly characterized by defect migration and invasion of trophoblast cells. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been believed to play a vital role in PE. The expression patterns and the biological functions of circRNAs in PE remain elusive. Here, we performed a circRNA microarray to identify putative PE‐related circRNAs. Bioinformatics analyses were used to screen the circRNAs which have potential relationships with pre‐eclampsia, and we identified a novel circRNA (circVRK1) that was up‐regulated in PE placenta tissues. By using HTR‐8/SVneo cells, circVRK1 knockdown significantly enhanced cell migration and invasion abilities, as well as epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, we found that circVRK1 and PTEN could function as the ceRNAs to miR‐221‐3p. Overexpression of miR‐221‐3p promoted cell migration, invasion and EMT via regulating PTEN. The cotransfection of miR‐221‐3p inhibitor or PTEN reversed the effect from circVRK1 knockdown. Moreover, the circVRK1/miR‐221‐3p/PTEN axis greatly regulated Akt phosphorylation. In general, circVRK1 suppresses trophoblast cell migration, invasion and EMT, by acting as a ceRNA to miR‐221‐3p to regulate PTEN, and further inhibit PI3K/Akt activation. The purpose of this paper is to open wide insights to investigate the onset of PE and provide new potential therapeutic targets in PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenyan Gao
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Manni Sun
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Miao J, Zhu Y, Xu L, Huang X, Zhou X. miR‑181b‑5p inhibits trophoblast cell migration and invasion through targeting S1PR1 in multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:4442-4451. [PMID: 33000224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Normal placentation and successful maintenance of pregnancy depend on the successful migration and invasion of trophoblasts into maternal tissues. Previous studies reported that microRNAs (miRs) are expressed in trophoblasts, and can regulate their migration and invasion. The present study aimed to investigate miR‑181b‑5p function in HTR‑8/SVneo trophoblasts and explore its underlying mechanism in the pathogenesis of multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events. Reverse‑transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to test the expression of miR‑181b‑5p and sphingosine‑1‑phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) in samples of multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events. Transwell invasion and wound healing assays were performed to determine cell invasion and migration abilities. A luciferase reporter assay was conducted to identify the downstream target of miR‑181b‑5p. Overexpression of miR‑181b‑5p suppressed HTR‑8/SVneo cell migration and invasion, whereas inhibition of miR‑181b‑5p induced an opposite effect. The S1PR1 gene was further identified as a novel direct target of miR‑181b‑5p. Specifically, miR‑181b‑5p bound directly to the 3'‑untranslated region of S1PR1 and suppressed its expression. Moreover, overexpression of S1PR1 reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‑181b‑5p. Taken together, ectopic expression of miR‑181b‑5p impaired the migration and invasion of trophoblasts by directly targeting S1PR1, thereby providing new insights into the pathogenesis of multiple abnormal trophoblast invasion‑related events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Miao
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohao Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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Guo Z, Sun Q, Liao Y, Liu C, Zhao W, Li X, Liu H, Dong M, Shang Y, Sui L, Kong Y. MiR-30a-5p inhibits proliferation and metastasis of hydatidiform mole by regulating B3GNT5 through ERK/AKT pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8350-8362. [PMID: 32575164 PMCID: PMC7412694 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydatidiform moles are gestational trophoblastic disease. They are abnormal proliferations of trophoblast cells that have the potential to become cancerous. miR-miR30a-5p is a tumour suppressor that participates in the development of numerous diseases. However, the role of miR-30a in hydatidiform moles and the mechanisms underlying its effects are presently unclear. This study explored the levels of miR-30a and B3GNT5 expression in human hydatidiform mole tissue. The results showed that miR-30a and B3GNT5 were differentially expressed in normal placenta and hydatidiform mole, and miR-30a decreased cell proliferation, invasion and migration in trophoblast cell lines. Upon further examination, it was confirmed that miR-30a directly targeted the 3'untranslated region of B3GNT5 using a dual-luciferase assay. The results of the present study also revealed that miR-30a reduced the proliferation, invasion and migration ability in JAR and BeWo cells by regulating B3GNT5, which may inactivate the ERK and AKT signalling pathways. This study demonstrated that miR-30a was a novel target B3GNT5 that serves an important role in the development of hydatidiform moles, suggesting that miR-30a may serve as a novel potential biomarker or useful diagnostic and therapeutic tool for hydatidiform moles in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Guo
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Qiannan Sun
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yangyou Liao
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Chao Liu
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Wenjie Zhao
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaoxue Li
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Huan Liu
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ming Dong
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Yuhong Shang
- Department of GynecologyFirst Affiliated HospitalDalian Med UniversityDalianChina
| | - Linlin Sui
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
| | - Ying Kong
- Core Lab Glycobiol & GlycoengnCollege of Basic Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Zhang Y, Ni M, Liu N, Zhou Y, Chen X, Ding Y, He J, Wang Y, Liu X, Geng Y, Xie L. Expression and function of Pdcd4 in mouse endometrium during early pregnancy. Reproduction 2018; 155:393-402. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-17-0787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Embryo implantation is a complex process involving synchronised crosstalk between a receptive endometrium and functional blastocysts. Apoptosis plays an important role in this process as well as in the maintenance of pregnancy. In this study, we analysed the expression pattern of programmed cell death 4 (Pdcd4), a gene associated with apoptosis in the mouse endometrium, during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that Pdcd4 was increased along with days of pregnancy and significantly reduced at implantation sites (IS) from day 5 of pregnancy (D5). The level of Pdcd4 at IS was substantially lower than that at interimplantation sites (IIS) on D6 and D7. In addition, Pdcd4 expression in the endometrium was reduced in response to artificially induced decidualisation in vivo and in vitro. Downregulation of Pdcd4 gene expression in cultured primary stromal cells promoted decidualisation, while upregulation inhibited the decidualisation process by increasing apoptosis. These results demonstrate that Pdcd4 is involved in stromal cell decidualisation by mediating apoptosis and therefore plays a role in embryo implantation in mice.
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Identification of microRNA signature in the progression of gestational trophoblastic disease. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:94. [PMID: 29367697 PMCID: PMC5833456 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0108-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) encompasses a range of trophoblast-derived disorders. The most common type of GTD is hydatidiform mole (HM). Some of HMs can further develop into malignant gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Aberrant expression of microRNA (miRNA) is widely reported to be involved in the initiation and progression of cancers. MiRNA expression profile also has been proved to be the useful signature for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and response to chemotherapy. Till now, the profile of miRNA in the progression of GTD has not been determined. In this study, a total of 34 GTN and 60 complete HMs (CHM) trophoblastic tissues were collected. By miRNA array screening and qRT-PCR validating, six miRNAs, including miR-370-3p, -371a-5p, -518a-3p, -519d-3p, -520a-3p, and -934, were identified to be differentially expressed in GTN vs. CHM. Functional analyses further proved that miR-371a-5p and miR-518a-3p promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of choriocarcinoma cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-371a-5p was negatively related to protein levels of its predictive target genes BCCIP, SOX2, and BNIP3L, while miR-518a-3p was negatively related to MST1 and EFNA4. For the first time, we proved that miR-371a-5p and miR-518a-3p directly targeted to 3′-UTR regions of BCCIP and MST1, respectively. Additionally, we found that miR-371a-5p and miR-518a-3p regulated diverse pathways related to tumorigenesis and metastasis in choriocarcinoma cells. The results presented here may offer new clues to the progression of GTD and may provide diagnostic biomarkers for GTN.
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Parker V, Pacey A, Palmer J, Tidy J, Winter M, Hancock B. Classification systems in Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia - Sentiment or evidenced based? Cancer Treat Rev 2017; 56:47-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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