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Park DY, Son S, Cha SC. Comparison of lamina cribrosa depth shallowing after trabeculectomy between primary open-angle glaucoma and exfoliation glaucoma. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15702. [PMID: 36127397 PMCID: PMC9489704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The lamina cribrosa (LC) becomes shallower as intraocular pressure (IOP) decreases after trabeculectomy. The LC in eyes with exfoliation syndrome has distinctive properties in the connective tissue and extracellular matrix, but how these affect the changes in LC depth in response to IOP reduction after trabeculectomy is unknown. We analyzed pre- and postoperative spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of exfoliation glaucoma (XFG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients who underwent trabeculectomy and investigated whether LC depth differed between XFG and POAG eyes after trabeculectomy. In total, 30 XFG eyes and 30 visual field mean deviation-matched POAG eyes were included. LC depth was determined at an average of 3.9 months after trabeculectomy. Postoperatively, the LC depth became shallower and the BMO-MRW became thicker in both XFG and POAG eyes. XFG eyes showed lesser amount of LC depth shallowing than POAG eyes. Greater preoperative LC depth, lower postoperative IOP, and absence of XFG were all associated with a greater degree of postoperative LC depth shallowing. These findings suggest that the LC of XFG eyes may inherently possess the distinctive properties of the connective tissue and extracellular matrix contained within it, which could affect the LC response to the reduction in IOP after trabeculectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sunggeun Son
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Cheol Cha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yeungnam University Hospital, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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Rebecca M, Sripriya K, Bharathselvi M, Shantha B, Vijaya L, Angayarkanni N. Increased Desmosine in the lens capsules is associated with augmented elastin turnover in Pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Exp Eye Res 2021; 215:108898. [PMID: 34929161 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2021.108898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PXF) is an idiopathic disease with a high prevalence rate. The elastosis disorder is contributed by genetic and non-genetic factors. Elastin dysregulation associated with the disease mechanism is incompletely understood. This study evaluated the molecules of the elastogenesis machinery in PXF. Lens capsule and aqueous humor (aqH) samples (age/sex-matched) were collected from the eyes with PXF alone and PXF with glaucoma (PXF-G) undergoing Extra Capsular Cataract Extraction (ECCE) surgery. The Elastin turnover was assessed by estimating Desmosine levels in the lens capsules by HPLC analysis. Expression of elastogenesis genes [EMILIN1, CLU, FBN1, FN1, FBLN5, FBLN4 and LOXL1] were evaluated in the lens capsule by qPCR while the proteins were assessed in aqH by western blot analysis. The Desmosine content in the lens capsules were 3-fold and 6-fold elevated in PXF (P = 0.02) and PXF-G (P = 0.01) respectively compared to the cataract-alone, indicating increased elastin degradation. A significant increase in the transcript levels of the CLU, FBLN4, EMILIN1, FBLN5, FN1, FBN1, LOXL1 along with significant changes in protein expression of CLU, FBLN5, FBN1 and LOXL1 signified up-regulation of the elastogenesis machinery. The study provides direct evidence of augmented elastin degradation and turnover in the lens capsule of PXF marked by increased Desmosine content and the expression of proteins involved in mature elastin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Rebecca
- RS Mehta Jain Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, 600006, India; Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Guindy, Chennai, 600032, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Sripriya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - M Bharathselvi
- RS Mehta Jain Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - B Shantha
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Lingam Vijaya
- Smt. Jadhavbai Nathamal Singhvee Glaucoma Services, Medical Research Foundation, Sankara Nethralaya, Chennai, 600006, India
| | - Narayanasamy Angayarkanni
- RS Mehta Jain Dept. of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, KBIRVO Block, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai, 600006, India.
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Ayala M, Zetterberg M, Skoog I, Zettergren A. Association of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Located in LOXL1 with Exfoliation Glaucoma in Southwestern Sweden. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091384. [PMID: 34573365 PMCID: PMC8468303 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that leads to visual field defects. Genetic mechanisms seem to be involved in glaucoma development. Lysyl Oxidase Like 1 (LOXL1) has been described in previous studies as a predictor factor for exfoliation glaucoma. The present article studied the association between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the LOXL1 gene and the presence of exfoliation glaucoma in Southwestern Sweden. Methods: Case-control study for genetic association. In total, 136 patients and 1011 controls were included in the study. Patients with exfoliation glaucoma were recruited at the Eye Department of Sahlgrenska University Hospital and Skaraborgs Hospital, Sweden. Controls were recruited from the Gothenburg H70 Birth Cohort Study. Three different SNPs were genotyped: LOXL1_rs3825942, LOXL1_rs2165241 and LOXL1_rs1048661. Results: The distribution of allele frequencies was significantly different between controls and glaucoma patients; for rs3825942 (p = 2 × 10−12), for rs2165241 (p = 3 × 10−16) and for rs1048661 (p = 2 × 10−6). Logistic regression analyses using an additive genetic model, adjusted for sex and age, also showed associations between the studied SNPs and glaucoma (p = 9 × 10−6; p = 2 × 10−14; p = 1 × 10−4). Conclusion: A strong association was found between allele frequencies of three different SNPs (LOXL1_rs3825942, LOXL1_rs2165241, and LOXL1_rs1048661) and the presence of exfoliation glaucoma in a Southwestern Swedish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Ayala
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Eye Department, Region Västra Götaland, Skaraborg Hospital/Skövde, 54142 Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-500-431-000
| | - Madeleine Zetterberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, 43130 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ingmar Skoog
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Psychiatry, Cognition and Old Age Psychiatry Clinic, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Anna Zettergren
- Neuropsychiatric Epidemiology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health (AGECAP) University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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Dmuchowska DA, Pietrowska K, Krasnicki P, Kowalczyk T, Misiura M, Grochowski ET, Mariak Z, Kretowski A, Ciborowski M. Metabolomics Reveals Differences in Aqueous Humor Composition in Patients With and Without Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:682600. [PMID: 34055894 PMCID: PMC8160430 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.682600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (XFS) is stress- or inflammation-induced elastosis accompanied by excessive production of microfibrils and their deposition in the anterior segment of the eye. Approximately 60–70 million people are affected by XFS worldwide. It is a component of a systemic disorder, considered a major risk factor for accelerated cataract formation, cataract surgery complications and development of glaucoma, which untreated or inadequately treated may lead to blindness. Moreover, XFS has been associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity, dementia, sensorineural hearing loss and pelvic organ prolapse. The pathogenesis of XFS has not been fully elucidated yet. Aqueous humor (AH) is a transparent fluid filling the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. Determination of AH metabolites that are characteristic for XFS may provide valuable information about the molecular background of this ocular disorder. The aim of this study was to compare the composition of AH in XFS and non-XFS patients undergoing cataract surgery. The AH samples from 34 patients (15 with XFS and 19 without) were analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled to a Quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer (LC-QTOF-MS). The obtained metabolic fingerprints were analyzed using multivariate statistics. Eleven statistically significant metabolites were identified. Compared with the non-XFS group, the AH of patients with XFS contained significantly lower levels of amino acids and their derivatives, for example, arginine (−31%, VIP = 2.38) and homo-arginine (−19%, VIP = 1.38). Also, a decrease in the levels of two acylcarnitines, hydroxybutyrylcarnitine (−29%, VIP = 1.24) and decatrienoylcarnitine (−46%, VIP = 1.89), was observed. However, the level of indoleacetaldehyde in XFS patients was significantly higher (+96%, VIP = 2.64). Other significant metabolites were two well-recognized antioxidants, ascorbic acid (−33%, VIP = 2.11) and hydroxyanthranilic acid (−33%, VIP = 2.25), as well as S-adenosylmethionine, a compound with anti-inflammatory properties (−29%, VIP = 1.93). Metabolic pathway analysis demonstrated that the identified metabolites belonged to eight metabolic pathways, with cysteine and methionine metabolism as well as arginine and proline metabolism being the most frequently represented. XFS can be associated with enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as with the disturbances of cellular respiration and mitochondrial energy production. Implementation of non-targeted metabolomics provided a better insight into the still not fully understood pathogenesis of XFS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karolina Pietrowska
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Pawel Krasnicki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Misiura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | | | - Zofia Mariak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michal Ciborowski
- Metabolomics Laboratory, Clinical Research Center, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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Skeie JM, Nishimura DY, Wang CL, Schmidt GA, Aldrich BT, Greiner MA. Mitophagy: An Emerging Target in Ocular Pathology. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:22. [PMID: 33724294 PMCID: PMC7980050 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial function is essential for the viability of aerobic eukaryotic cells, as mitochondria provide energy through the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), regulate cellular metabolism, provide redox balancing, participate in immune signaling, and can initiate apoptosis. Mitochondria are dynamic organelles that participate in a cyclical and ongoing process of regeneration and autophagy (clearance), termed mitophagy specifically for mitochondrial (macro)autophagy. An imbalance in mitochondrial function toward mitochondrial dysfunction can be catastrophic for cells and has been characterized in several common ophthalmic diseases. In this article, we review mitochondrial homeostasis in detail, focusing on the balance of mitochondrial dynamics including the processes of fission and fusion, and provide a description of the mechanisms involved in mitophagy. Furthermore, this article reviews investigations of ocular diseases with impaired mitophagy, including Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, primary open-angle glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as several primary mitochondrial diseases with ocular phenotypes that display impaired mitophagy, including mitochondrial encephalopathy lactic acidosis stroke, Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia. The results of various studies using cell culture, animal, and human tissue models are presented and reflect a growing awareness of mitophagy impairment as an important feature of ophthalmic disease pathology. As this review indicates, it is imperative that mitophagy be investigated as a targetable mechanism in developing therapies for ocular diseases characterized by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Skeie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
| | - Darryl Y. Nishimura
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
| | - Cheryl L. Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | | | - Benjamin T. Aldrich
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
| | - Mark A. Greiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Iowa Lions Eye Bank, Coralville, Iowa, United States
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Łukasik U, Kosior-Jarecka E, Wróbel-Dudzińska D, Kustra A, Milanowski P, Żarnowski T. Clinical Features of Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma in Treated Polish Patients. Clin Ophthalmol 2020; 14:1373-1381. [PMID: 32546945 PMCID: PMC7247722 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s239371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to describe clinical characteristics of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in treated Polish patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. METHODS In the course of the study, 348 eyes of 231 patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma. The patients involved in the study were treated in the Department of Diagnostic and Microsurgery of Glaucoma in Lublin between 2012 and 2019. The following parameters were assessed in the examination: visual acuity, slit-lamp biomicroscopy with evaluation of anterior segment of the eye, gonioscopic examination, stereoscopic fundus examination of the eye, intraocular pressure, visual field, and pachymetry. RESULTS The mean age of all the patients was 73.16 years (SD±8.03). The mean age of women was 74.06 (SD±6.97), and the mean age of men was 71.8 (SD±8.51, p=0.006265). Women represented 37.93% (n=132) of the studied group, while men 62.07% (n=216). In the group of patients younger than 65 years of age, 27.9% were male and 15% female (p=0.0021). In the whole studied group, mean peak IOP was 29.25 mmHg with higher mean values in male patients (M vs F: 33.24 mmHg vs 26.86 mmHg; p=0.000). Peak values exceeding 30 mmHg were significantly more frequent in males (M vs F: 56.5% vs 31.9%; p=0.0000). Peak IOP never exceeding 21 mmHg was observed in 18.6% of the patients. The mean value of MD (Mean Deviation) was -12.85 dB in the whole group. The men were more likely to have more advanced glaucoma, according to MD (M vs F: -16.35 dB vs -11.13 dB; p=0.0000). CONCLUSION Pseudoexfoliative glaucoma was more frequently observed in men with younger age, higher IOP, and more advanced glaucoma. Normotensive glaucoma was observed in 18.6% of the patients with pseudoexfoliative glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Łukasik
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Kosior-Jarecka
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Wróbel-Dudzińska
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kustra
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Milanowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Żarnowski
- Department of Diagnostics and Microsurgery of Glaucoma, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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CLU Polymorphisms in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome in Polish Population. J Ophthalmol 2019; 2019:8787149. [PMID: 31341659 PMCID: PMC6636577 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8787149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate CLU polymorphisms in patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Materials and Methods We studied 81 patients (23 males and 58 females, the median age 76 years) and 91 control subjects (27 males and 64 females, the median age 75 years). Genotypes of the CLU polymorphisms (SNPs), rs3087554 and rs2279590, were determined using a commercially available validated genotyping assays. The χ 2 test was performed to compare patient and control groups for possible associations between SNP genotype/allele frequency and disease state. Results There were no significant differences for both allele and genotype frequencies between PEX patients and controls for rs3087554 and rs2279590 polymorphisms. The haplotypes distribution shows statistically significant difference between groups (p=0.03). The haplotype (CT) more often was found in controls than in PEX patients, conferring an 18-fold decreased risk to the disease. Conclusion Our results indicate that CLU variants may contribute to the risk of PEX in the Polish population.
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Zadravec P, Braunger BM, Melzer B, Kroeber M, Bösl MR, Jägle H, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Tamm ER. Transgenic lysyl oxidase homolog 1 overexpression in the mouse eye results in the formation and release of protein aggregates. Exp Eye Res 2019; 179:115-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Decorin, Tenascin C, Total Antioxidant, and Total Oxidant Level Changes in Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome. J Ophthalmol 2018; 2018:7459496. [PMID: 30116633 PMCID: PMC6079450 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7459496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an eye disease that develops under the influence of regional population differences, genetic factors, age, and environmental factors and is characterized by visualization of a gray-white fibrogranular substance in the lens anterior capsule and/or pupil margin during anterior segment examination. The underlying biochemical mechanisms of the disease have not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, this study was designed to show the changes in aqueous humor and blood serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (decorin and tenascin C), total antioxidants (TAS), and total oxidants (TOS) in both cataract patients who have unilateral PEX material and cataract patients who do not have unilateral PEX material. Methods Biological samples were simultaneously collected from 22 cataract patients who had unilateral pseudoexfoliation (PEX patients) and 22 cataract patients who did not have unilateral pseudoexfoliation (control patients). From the collected biological samples, decorin (DEC) and tenascin C (TN-C) were measured with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method, and TAS and TOS were measured with an autoanalyzer. Results When decorin, tenascin C, and TOS values of PEX patients were compared with those of control patients, there was a statistically significant increase in all three parameters. Conversely, TAS values showed a statistically significant decrease in PEX patients compared to controls. DEC, TN-C, TAS values, and TOS values were significantly higher in aqueous fluid than in blood in both the PEX patient and control groups. Conclusions We suggest that parameters such as DEC, TN-C, TAS, and TOS play a role in the etiopathology of pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Thus, bringing these increased levels of extracellular proteins and TOS and decreased levels of TAS back to within physiological limits can mediate the reorganization of the blood-aqueous fluid barrier and slow the progression of pseudoexfoliation syndrome.
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