1
|
Barboza AZ, Flannery DD, Shu D, Galloway M, Dhudasia MB, Bonafide CP, Benitz WE, Gerber JS, Mukhopadhyay S. Trends in C-Reactive Protein Use in Early-onset Sepsis Evaluations and Associated Antibiotic Use. J Pediatr 2024; 273:114153. [PMID: 38901777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of C-reactive protein (CRP) use in early-onset sepsis (EOS) evaluations in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) across the US over time and to determine the association between CRP use and antibiotic use. STUDY DESIGN A retrospective cohort study of NICUs contributing data to Premier Healthcare Database from 2009 through 2021. EOS evaluation was defined as a blood culture charge ≤ 3 days after birth. CRP use for each NICU was calculated as the proportion of infants with a CRP test obtained ≤ 3 days after birth among those undergoing an EOS evaluation and categorized as, low (<25%); medium-low (25 to < 50%), medium-high (50 to < 75%), and high (≥75%). Outcomes included antibiotic use and mortality ≤ 7 days after birth. RESULTS Among 572 NICUs, CRP use varied widely and was associated with time. The proportion of NICUs with high CRP use decreased from 2009 to 2021 (24.7% vs 17.4%, P < .001), and those with low CRP use increased (47.9% vs 64.8%, P < .001). Compared with low-use NICUs, high-use NICUs more frequently continued antibiotics > 3 days (10% vs 25%, P < .001). This association persisted in multivariable-adjusted regression analyses (adjusted risk ratio 1.95, 95%CI 1.54, 2.48). Risk of mortality was not different in high-use NICUs (adjusted risk difference -0.02%, 95%CI -0.04%, 0.0008%). CONCLUSIONS CRP use in EOS evaluations varied widely across NICUs. High CRP use was associated with prolonged antibiotic therapy but not mortality ≤ 7 days after birth. Reducing routine CRP use in EOS evaluations may be a target for neonatal antibiotic stewardship efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dustin D Flannery
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Clinical Futures, CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Di Shu
- Clinical Futures, CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - MiKayla Galloway
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Miren B Dhudasia
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Clinical Futures, CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Christopher P Bonafide
- Clinical Futures, CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Section of Hospital Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - William E Benitz
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Jeffrey S Gerber
- Clinical Futures, CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sagori Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Clinical Futures, CHOP Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dalut L, Brunhes A, Cambier S, Gallot D, Coste K. Early-onset neonatal sepsis: Effectiveness of classification based on ante- and intrapartum risk factors and clinical monitoring. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2024; 53:102775. [PMID: 38521409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2024.102775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2017, the French public health authority HAS published new guidelines for the management of newborns at risk of early bacterial neonatal infection. These guidelines were based on ante- and intrapartum risk factors and clinical monitoring. In January 2021, we implemented a new protocol based on these guidelines in our tertiary maternity unit. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the protocol implemented on neonates' antibiotic prescriptions. METHOD An "old protocol" group comprising newborns hospitalized between July 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020, was compared to a "new protocol" group formed between January 14, 2021 and July 13, 2021. Data were collected on infectious risk factors, antibiotic prescriptions, and emergency room visits within 2 weeks for an infection or suspected infection. RESULTS The "old protocol" population comprised 1565 children and the "new protocol" population 1513. Antibiotic therapy was prescribed for 29 newborns (1.85 %) in the old protocol group versus 15 (0.99 %) in the new one (p = 0.05). The median duration was 5 days and 2 days respectively (p = 0.08). With the new protocol, newborns in category B were about 20 times more likely (p = 0.01), and those in category C about 54 times more likely (p = 0.005) to have an infection than those classified in categories N or A. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that clinical monitoring criteria enable reduced use and duration of antibiotic therapy and are reliable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Dalut
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Neonatal Care and Maternity Department, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Anne Brunhes
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Neonatal Care and Maternity Department, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Biostatistics Unit (DRCI), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Gallot
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Department of Obstetrics, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France; iGReD, Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", UMR6293 CNRS-U1103 INSERM, University Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Karen Coste
- CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Neonatal Care and Maternity Department, F-63003, Clermont-Ferrand, France; iGReD, Team "Translational Approach to Epithelial Injury and Repair", UMR6293 CNRS-U1103 INSERM, University Clermont Auvergne, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Coggins SA, Carr LH, Harris MC, Srinivasan L. Sepsis Huddles in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Late-onset Infection Recognition and Severity Assessment. J Pediatr 2024; 272:114117. [PMID: 38815749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2024.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze relationships between provider-documented signs prompting sepsis evaluations, assessments of illness severity, and late-onset infection (LOI). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study of all infants receiving a sepsis huddle in conjunction with a LOI evaluation. Participants were ≥3 days old and admitted to a level IV neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from September 2018 through May 2021. Data were extracted from standardized sepsis huddle notes in the electronic health record, including clinical signs prompting LOI evaluations, illness severity assessments (from least to most severe: green, yellow, and red), and management plans. To analyze relationships of sepsis huddle characteristics with the detection of culture-confirmed LOI (bacteremia, urinary tract infection, or meningitis), we utilized diagnostic test statistics, area under the receiver-operator characteristic analyses, and multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS We identified 1209 eligible sepsis huddles among 604 infants. There were 111 culture-confirmed LOI episodes (9% of all huddles). Twelve clinical signs of infection poorly distinguished infants with and without LOI, with sensitivity for each ranging from 2% to 36% and area under the receiver-operator characteristic ranging 0.49-0.53. Multivariable logistic regression identified increasing odds of infection with higher perceived illness severity at the time of sepsis huddle, adjusted for gestational age and receipt of intensive care supports. CONCLUSIONS Clinical signs prompting sepsis huddles were nonspecific and not predictive of concurrent LOI. Higher perceived illness severity was associated with presence of infection, despite some misclassification based on objective criteria. In level IV NICUs, antimicrobial stewardship through development of criteria for antibiotic noninitiation may be challenging, as presenting signs of LOI are similar among infants with and without confirmed infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Coggins
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Clinical Futures, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Leah H Carr
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Mary Catherine Harris
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lakshmi Srinivasan
- Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ismail L, Markowsky A, Adusei-Baah C, Gallizzi G, Hall M, Kalburgi S, McQuistion K, Morgan J, Tamaskar N, Parikh K. Variation in Length of Stay by Level of Neonatal Care Among Moderate and Late Preterm Infants. Hosp Pediatr 2024; 14:37-44. [PMID: 38058236 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2023-007252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Moderate and late preterm infants are a growing subgroup of neonates with increased care needs after birth, yet standard protocols are lacking. We aim to describe variation in length of stay (LOS) by gestational age (GA) across hospitals within the same level of neonatal care and between different levels of neonatal care. METHODS Retrospective cohort study of hospitalizations for moderate (32-33 weeks GA) and late (34-36 weeks GA) preterm infants in 2019 Kid's Inpatient Database. We compared adjusted LOS in this cohort and evaluated variation within hospitals of the same level and across different levels of neonatal care. RESULTS This study includes 217 051 moderate (26.2%) and late (73.8%) preterm infants from level II (19.7%), III (66.3%), and IV (11.1%) hospitals. Patient-level (race and ethnicity, primary payor, delivery type, multiple gestation, birth weight) and hospital-level (birth region, level of neonatal care) factors were significantly associated with LOS. Adjusted mean LOS varied for hospitals within the same level of neonatal care with level II hospitals showing the greatest variability among 34- to 36- week GA infants when compared with level III and IV hospitals (P < .01). LOS also varied significantly between levels of neonatal care with the greatest variation (0.9 days) seen in 32-week GA between level III and level IV hospitals. CONCLUSIONS For moderate and late preterm infants, the level of neonatal care was associated with variation in LOS after adjusting for clinical severity. Hospitals providing level II neonatal care showed the greatest variation and may provide an opportunity to standardize care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Ismail
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | | | - Gina Gallizzi
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Sonal Kalburgi
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Joy Morgan
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Nisha Tamaskar
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kavita Parikh
- Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stocker M, Giannoni E. Game changer or gimmick: inflammatory markers to guide antibiotic treatment decisions in neonatal early-onset sepsis. Clin Microbiol Infect 2024; 30:22-27. [PMID: 36871829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2023.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) is challenging, and inflammatory markers are widely used to guide decision-making and therapies. OBJECTIVES This narrative review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the diagnostic value and potential pitfalls in the interpretation of inflammatory markers for EOS. SOURCES PubMed until October 2022 and searched references in identified articles using the search terms: neonatal EOS, biomarker or inflammatory marker, and antibiotic therapy or antibiotic stewardship. CONTENT In situations with a high or low probability of sepsis, the measurements of inflammatory markers have no impact on the decision to start or stop antibiotics and are just gimmick, whereas they may be a game changer for neonates with intermediate risk and therefore an unclear situation. There is no single or combination of inflammatory markers that can predict EOS with high probability, allowing us to make decisions regarding the start of antibiotics based only on inflammatory markers. The main reason for the limited accuracy is most probably the numerous noninfectious conditions that influence the levels of inflammatory markers. However, there is evidence that C-reactive protein and procalcitonin have good negative predictive accuracy to rule out sepsis within 24 to 48 hours. Nevertheless, several publications have reported more investigations and prolonged antibiotic treatments with the use of inflammatory markers. Given the limitations of current strategies, using an algorithm with only moderate diagnostic accuracy may have a positive impact, as reported for the EOS calculator and the NeoPInS algorithm. IMPLICATIONS As the decision regarding the start of antibiotic therapy is different from the process of stopping antibiotics, the accuracy of inflammatory markers needs to be evaluated separately. Novel machine learning-based algorithms are required to improve accuracy in the diagnosis of EOS. In the future, inflammatory markers included in algorithms may be a game changer reducing bias and noise in the decision-making process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stocker
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Woman-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stocker M, Klingenberg C, Navér L, Nordberg V, Berardi A, El Helou S, Fusch G, Bliss JM, Lehnick D, Dimopoulou V, Guerina N, Seliga-Siwecka J, Maton P, Lagae D, Mari J, Janota J, Agyeman PKA, Pfister R, Latorre G, Maffei G, Laforgia N, Mózes E, Størdal K, Strunk T, Giannoni E. Less is more: Antibiotics at the beginning of life. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2423. [PMID: 37105958 PMCID: PMC10134707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38156-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic exposure at the beginning of life can lead to increased antimicrobial resistance and perturbations of the developing microbiome. Early-life microbiome disruption increases the risks of developing chronic diseases later in life. Fear of missing evolving neonatal sepsis is the key driver for antibiotic overtreatment early in life. Bias (a systemic deviation towards overtreatment) and noise (a random scatter) affect the decision-making process. In this perspective, we advocate for a factual approach quantifying the burden of treatment in relation to the burden of disease balancing antimicrobial stewardship and effective sepsis management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stocker
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland.
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Dept. of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Navér
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveka Nordberg
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Mother and Child Department, Policlinico University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Salhab El Helou
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Gerhard Fusch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children's Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Joseph M Bliss
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Richmond, USA
| | - Dirk Lehnick
- Biostatistics and Methodology, CTU-CS, Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Varvara Dimopoulou
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Guerina
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Richmond, USA
| | - Joanna Seliga-Siwecka
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Pierre Maton
- Service néonatal, Clinique CHC-Montlegia, groupe santé CHC, Liège, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Lagae
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHIREC-Delta Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judit Mari
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jan Janota
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Motol University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neonatology, Thomayer University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp K A Agyeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Pfister
- Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Latorre
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Maffei
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nichola Laforgia
- Neonatologia e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Enikő Mózes
- Perinatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ketil Størdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Strunk
- Neonatal Directorate, Child and Adolescent Health Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liao W, Xiao H, He J, Huang L, Liao Y, Qin J, Yang Q, Qu L, Ma F, Li S. Identification and verification of feature biomarkers associated with immune cells in neonatal sepsis. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:105. [PMID: 36855207 PMCID: PMC9972688 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01061-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis (NS), a life-threatening condition, is characterized by organ dysfunction and is the most common cause of neonatal death. However, the pathogenesis of NS is unclear and the clinical inflammatory markers currently used are not ideal for diagnosis of NS. Thus, exploring the link between immune responses in NS pathogenesis, elucidating the molecular mechanisms involved, and identifying potential therapeutic targets is of great significance in clinical practice. Herein, our study aimed to explore immune-related genes in NS and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers. Datasets for patients with NS and healthy controls were downloaded from the GEO database; GSE69686 and GSE25504 were used as the analysis and validation datasets, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to determine their biological functions. Composition of immune cells was determined and immune-related genes (IRGs) between the two clusters were identified and their metabolic pathways were determined. Key genes with correlation coefficient > 0.5 and p < 0.05 were selected as screening biomarkers. Logistic regression models were constructed based on the selected biomarkers, and the diagnostic models were validated. RESULTS Fifty-two DEGs were identified, and GSEA indicated involvement in acute inflammatory response, bacterial detection, and regulation of macrophage activation. Most infiltrating immune cells, including activated CD8 + T cells, were significantly different in patients with NS compared to the healthy controls. Fifty-four IRGs were identified, and GSEA indicated involvement in immune response and macrophage activation and regulation of T cell activation. Diagnostic models of DEGs containing five genes (PROS1, TDRD9, RETN, LOC728401, and METTL7B) and IRG with one gene (NSUN7) constructed using LASSO algorithm were validated using the GPL6947 and GPL13667 subset datasets, respectively. The IRG model outperformed the DEG model. Additionally, statistical analysis suggested that risk scores may be related to gestational age and birth weight, regardless of sex. CONCLUSIONS We identified six IRGs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for NS and developed diagnostic models for NS. Our findings provide a new perspective for future research on NS pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan, 523945 China
| | - Huimin Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan, 523945 China
| | - Jinning He
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan, 523945 China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan, 523945 China
| | - Yanxia Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan, 523945 China
| | - Jiaohong Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Dongguan Houjie Hospital, Dongguan, 523945 China
| | - Qiuping Yang
- grid.488525.6Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655 China
| | - Liuhong Qu
- Department of Neonatology, The Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Huadu, Guangzhou, 510800, China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of Neonatology, Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Zhuhai Women and Children's Hospital, Zhuhai, 519001, China.
| | - Sitao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510655, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
The impact of early empirical antibiotics treatment on clinical outcome of very preterm infants: a nationwide multicentre study in China. Ital J Pediatr 2023; 49:14. [PMID: 36698176 PMCID: PMC9878784 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-023-01414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants with rule-out infections are responsible for the majority of empirical antibiotics treatment (EAT) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), particularly very preterm infants (VPIs). Antibiotic overuse has been linked to adverse outcomes. There is a paucity of data on the association between EAT and clinical outcomes (containing the nutritional outcomes) of VPIs without infection-related morbidities. METHODS Clinical data of VPIs admitted in 28 hospitals in 20 provinces of China from September 2019 to December 2020 were collected. EAT of VPIs was calculated as the number of days with initial usage in the first week after birth, and then categorized into 3 groups (antibiotic exposure: none, 1-4 days, and > 4 days). Clinical characteristics, nutritional status , and the short-term clinical outcomes among 3 groups were compared and analyzed. RESULTS In total, 1834 VPIs without infection-related morbidities in the first postnatal week were enrolled, including 152 cases (8.3%) without antibiotics, 374 cases (20.4%) with EAT ≤4 days and 1308 cases (71.3%) with EAT > 4 days. After adjusting for the confounding variables, longer duration of EAT was associated with decreased weight growth velocity and increased duration of reach of full enteral feeding in EAT > 4 days group (aβ: -4.83, 95% CI: - 6.12 ~ - 3.53; aβ: 2.77, 95% CI: 0.25 ~ 5.87, respectively) than those receiving no antibiotics. In addition, the risk of feeding intolerance (FI) in EAT > 4 days group was 4 times higher than that in non-antibiotic group (aOR: 4.14, 95%CI: 1.49 ~ 13.56) and 1.8 times higher than that in EAT ≤4 days group (aOR: 1.82, 95%CI: 1.08 ~ 3.17). EAT > 4 days was also a risk factor for greater than or equal to stage 2 necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) than those who did not receive antibiotics (aOR: 7.68, 95%CI: 1.14 ~ 54.75) and those who received EAT ≤4 days antibiotics (aOR: 5.42, 95%CI: 1.94 ~ 14.80). CONCLUSIONS The EAT rate among uninfected VPIs was high in Chinese NICUs. Prolonged antibiotic exposure was associated with decreased weight growth velocity, longer duration of reach of full enteral feeding, increased risk of feeding intolerance and NEC ≥ stage 2. Future stewardship interventions to reduce EAT use should be designed and implemented.
Collapse
|
9
|
Giannoni E, Dimopoulou V, Klingenberg C, Navér L, Nordberg V, Berardi A, el Helou S, Fusch G, Bliss JM, Lehnick D, Guerina N, Seliga-Siwecka J, Maton P, Lagae D, Mari J, Janota J, Agyeman PKA, Pfister R, Latorre G, Maffei G, Laforgia N, Mózes E, Størdal K, Strunk T, Stocker M. Analysis of Antibiotic Exposure and Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis in Europe, North America, and Australia. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2243691. [PMID: 36416819 PMCID: PMC9685486 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.43691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Appropriate use of antibiotics is life-saving in neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS), but overuse of antibiotics is associated with antimicrobial resistance and long-term adverse outcomes. Large international studies quantifying early-life antibiotic exposure along with EOS incidence are needed to provide a basis for future interventions aimed at safely reducing neonatal antibiotic exposure. OBJECTIVE To compare early postnatal exposure to antibiotics, incidence of EOS, and mortality among different networks in high-income countries. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study of late-preterm and full-term neonates born between January 1, 2014, and December 31, 2018, in 13 hospital-based or population-based networks from 11 countries in Europe and North America and Australia. The study included all infants born alive at a gestational age greater than or equal to 34 weeks in the participating networks. Data were analyzed from October 2021 to March 2022. EXPOSURES Exposure to antibiotics started in the first postnatal week. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The main outcomes were the proportion of late-preterm and full-term neonates receiving intravenous antibiotics, the duration of antibiotic treatment, the incidence of culture-proven EOS, and all-cause and EOS-associated mortality. RESULTS A total of 757 979 late-preterm and full-term neonates were born in the participating networks during the study period; 21 703 neonates (2.86%; 95% CI, 2.83%-2.90%), including 12 886 boys (59.4%) with a median (IQR) gestational age of 39 (36-40) weeks and median (IQR) birth weight of 3250 (2750-3750) g, received intravenous antibiotics during the first postnatal week. The proportion of neonates started on antibiotics ranged from 1.18% to 12.45% among networks. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 9 (7-14) days for neonates with EOS and 4 (3-6) days for those without EOS. This led to an antibiotic exposure of 135 days per 1000 live births (range across networks, 54-491 days per 1000 live births). The incidence of EOS was 0.49 cases per 1000 live births (range, 0.18-1.45 cases per 1000 live births). EOS-associated mortality was 3.20% (12 of 375 neonates; range, 0.00%-12.00%). For each case of EOS, 58 neonates were started on antibiotics and 273 antibiotic days were administered. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this study suggest that antibiotic exposure during the first postnatal week is disproportionate compared with the burden of EOS and that there are wide (up to 9-fold) variations internationally. This study defined a set of indicators reporting on both dimensions to facilitate benchmarking and future interventions aimed at safely reducing antibiotic exposure in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Giannoni
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Varvara Dimopoulou
- Clinic of Neonatology, Department Mother-Woman-Child, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Lars Navér
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viveka Nordberg
- Department of Neonatology, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Mother and Child Department, Policlinico University Hospital, Modena, Italy
| | - Salhab el Helou
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gerhard Fusch
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, McMaster Children’s Hospital, McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joseph M. Bliss
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Dirk Lehnick
- Biostatistics and Methodology, CTU-CS, Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Guerina
- Department of Pediatrics, Women & Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence
| | - Joanna Seliga-Siwecka
- Department of Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pierre Maton
- Service Néonatal, Clinique CHC-Montlegia, Groupe Santé CHC, Liège, Belgium
| | - Donatienne Lagae
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, CHIREC-Delta Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Judit Mari
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Jan Janota
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Motol University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathological Physiology, 1st Medical School, Charles University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Neonatology, Thomayer University Hospital Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Philipp K. A. Agyeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Pfister
- Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppe Latorre
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Ecclesiastical General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Maffei
- Neonatology and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Policlinico Riuniti Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Nicola Laforgia
- Neonatologia e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Enikő Mózes
- Perinatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ketil Størdal
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tobias Strunk
- Neonatal Directorate, Child and Adolescent Health Service, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Martin Stocker
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis (EOS) Calculator plus Universal Serial Physical Examination (SPE): A Prospective Two-Step Implementation of a Neonatal EOS Prevention Protocol for Reduction of Sepsis Workup and Antibiotic Treatment. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081089. [PMID: 36009958 PMCID: PMC9405114 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Current neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) guidelines lack consensus. Recent studies suggest three different options for EOS risk assessment among infants born ≥35 wks gestational age (GA), leading to different behaviors in the sepsis workup and antibiotic administration. A broad disparity in clinical practice is found in Neonatal Units, with a large number of non-infected newborns evaluated and treated for EOS. Broad spectrum antibiotics in early life may induce different short- and long-term adverse effects, longer hospitalization, and early mother-child separation. In this single-center prospective study, a total of 3002 neonates born in three periods between 2016 and 2020 were studied, and three different workup algorithms were compared: the first one was based on the categorical risk assessment; the second one was based on a Serial Physical Examination (SPE) strategy for infants with EOS risk factors; the third one associated an informatic tool (Neonatal EOS calculator) with a universal extension of the SPE strategy. The main objective of this study was to reduce the number of neonatal sepsis workups and the rate of antibiotic administration and favor rooming-in and mother−infant bonding without increasing the risk of sepsis and mortality. The combined strategy of universal SPE with the EOS Calculator showed a significant reduction of laboratory tests (from 33% to 6.6%; p < 0.01) and antibiotic treatments (from 8.5% to 1.4%; p < 0.01) in term and near-term newborns. EOS and mortality did not change significantly during the study period.
Collapse
|
11
|
Rugolo LMSDS, Bentlin MR, Almeida MFBD, Guinsburg R, Carvalho WBD, Marba STM, Almeida JHCLD, Luz JH, Procianoy RS, Duarte JLMB, Anchieta LM, Ferreira DMDLM, Alves Júnior JMS, Diniz EMDA, Santos JPFD, Gimenes CB, Silva NMDME, Ferrari LL, Silva RPGVCD, Meneses J, Gonçalves-Ferri WA, Vale MSD, Brine H, Weiner GM. Risk Perception and Decision Making about Early-Onset Sepsis among Neonatologists: A National Survey. Am J Perinatol 2022; 39:1117-1123. [PMID: 33341925 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1721691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many newborns are investigated and empirically treated for suspected early-onset sepsis (EOS). This study aimed to describe neonatologists' self-identified risk thresholds for investigating and treating EOS and assess the consistency of these thresholds with clinical decisions. STUDY DESIGN Voluntary online survey, available in two randomized versions, sent to neonatologists from 20 centers of the Brazilian Network on Neonatal Research. The surveys included questions about thresholds for investigating and treating EOS and presented four clinical scenarios with varying calculated risks. In survey version A, only the scenarios were presented, and participants were asked if they would order a blood test or start antibiotics. Survey version B presented the same scenarios and the risk of sepsis. Clinical decisions were compared between survey versions using chi-square tests and agreement between thresholds and clinical decisions were investigated using Kappa coefficients. RESULTS In total, 293 surveys were completed (145 survey version A and 148 survey version B). The median risk thresholds for blood test and antibiotic treatment were 1:100 and 1:25, respectively. In the high-risk scenario, there was no difference in the proportion choosing antibiotic therapy between the groups. In the moderate-risk scenarios, both tests and antibiotics were chosen more frequently when the calculated risks were included (survey version B). In the low-risk scenario, there was no difference between survey versions. There was poor agreement between the self-described thresholds and clinical decisions. CONCLUSION Neonatologists overestimate the risk of EOS and underestimate their risk thresholds. Knowledge of calculated risk may increase laboratory investigation and antibiotic use in infants at moderate risk for EOS. KEY POINTS · Neonatologists overestimate the risk of EOS.. · There is wide variation in diagnostic/treatment thresholds for EOS.. · Clinical decision on EOS is not consistent with risk thresholds.. · Knowledge of risk may increase investigation and treatment of EOS..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Regina Bentlin
- Division of Neonatology, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Ruth Guinsburg
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jorge Hecker Luz
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital São Lucas-Faculdade de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato Soibelmann Procianoy
- Division of Neonatology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul/Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre -HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Muniz Bandeira Duarte
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitário Pedro Ernesto-Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leni Márcia Anchieta
- Division of Neonatology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edna Maria de Albuquerque Diniz
- Division of Neonatology, University of São Paulo, Brazil da Universidade de São Paulo, Hospital Universitário, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lígia Lopes Ferrari
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitário-Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Jucille Meneses
- Department of Pediatrics, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Brazil
| | - Walusa Assad Gonçalves-Ferri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Holly Brine
- Departent of Pediatrics, Promedica Toledo Children's Hospital, University of Toledo, Ohio
| | - Gary M Weiner
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stocker M, Daunhawer I, van Herk W, El Helou S, Dutta S, Schuerman FABA, van den Tooren-de Groot RK, Wieringa JW, Janota J, van der Meer-Kappelle LH, Moonen R, Sie SD, de Vries E, Donker AE, Zimmerman U, Schlapbach LJ, de Mol AC, Hoffmann-Haringsma A, Roy M, Tomaske M, Kornelisse RF, van Gijsel J, Plötz FB, Wellmann S, Achten NB, Lehnick D, van Rossum AMC, Vogt JE. Machine Learning Used to Compare the Diagnostic Accuracy of Risk Factors, Clinical Signs and Biomarkers and to Develop a New Prediction Model for Neonatal Early-onset Sepsis. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2022; 41:248-254. [PMID: 34508027 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current strategies for risk stratification and prediction of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) are inefficient and lack diagnostic performance. The aim of this study was to use machine learning to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of risk factors (RFs), clinical signs and biomarkers and to develop a prediction model for culture-proven EOS. We hypothesized that the contribution to diagnostic accuracy of biomarkers is higher than of RFs or clinical signs. STUDY DESIGN Secondary analysis of the prospective international multicenter NeoPInS study. Neonates born after completed 34 weeks of gestation with antibiotic therapy due to suspected EOS within the first 72 hours of life participated. Primary outcome was defined as predictive performance for culture-proven EOS with variables known at the start of antibiotic therapy. Machine learning was used in form of a random forest classifier. RESULTS One thousand six hundred eighty-five neonates treated for suspected infection were analyzed. Biomarkers were superior to clinical signs and RFs for prediction of culture-proven EOS. C-reactive protein and white blood cells were most important for the prediction of the culture result. Our full model achieved an area-under-the-receiver-operating-characteristic-curve of 83.41% (±8.8%) and an area-under-the-precision-recall-curve of 28.42% (±11.5%). The predictive performance of the model with RFs alone was comparable with random. CONCLUSIONS Biomarkers have to be considered in algorithms for the management of neonates suspected of EOS. A 2-step approach with a screening tool for all neonates in combination with our model in the preselected population with an increased risk for EOS may have the potential to reduce the start of unnecessary antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stocker
- From the Department of Paediatrics, Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne
| | | | - Wendy van Herk
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salhab El Helou
- Division of Neonatology, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sourabh Dutta
- Division of Neonatology, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Frank A B A Schuerman
- Department of Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Isala Women and Children's Hospital, Zwolle
| | | | - Jantien W Wieringa
- Department of Paediatrics, Haaglanden Medical Centre, 's Gravenhage, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Janota
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Motol University Hospital, Second Medical Faculty, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rob Moonen
- Department of Neonatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen
| | - Sintha D Sie
- Department of Neonatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam
| | - Esther de Vries
- Department of Jeroen Bosch Academy Research, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch
- Department of Tranzo, Tilburg University, Tilburg
| | - Albertine E Donker
- Department of Paediatrics, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Urs Zimmerman
- Department of Paediatrics, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur
| | - Luregn J Schlapbach
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children`s Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amerik C de Mol
- Department of Neonatology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht
| | | | - Madan Roy
- Department of Neonatology, St. Josephs Healthcare, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maren Tomaske
- Department of Paediatrics, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René F Kornelisse
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam
| | | | - Frans B Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, the Netherlands and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Wellmann
- Department of Neonatology, University Children's Hospital Regensburg (KUNO), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Niek B Achten
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, the Netherlands and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Lehnick
- Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, Head Biostatistics and Methodology, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julia E Vogt
- From the Department of Paediatrics, Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Berardi A, Zinani I, Bedetti L, Vaccina E, Toschi A, Toni G, Lecis M, Leone F, Monari F, Cozzolino M, Zini T, Boncompagni A, Iughetti L, Miselli F, Lugli L. Should we give antibiotics to neonates with mild non-progressive symptoms? A comparison of serial clinical observation and the neonatal sepsis risk calculator. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:882416. [PMID: 35967559 PMCID: PMC9364607 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.882416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare two strategies [the neonatal sepsis risk calculator (NSC) and the updated serial clinical observation approach (SCO)] for the management of asymptomatic neonates at risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) and neonates with mild non-progressive symptoms in the first hours of life. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study conducted over 15 months (01/01/2019-31/03/2020). All live births at ≥34 weeks of gestation were included. Infants were managed using SCO and decisions were compared with those retrospectively projected by the NSC. The proportion of infants recommended for antibiotics or laboratory testing was compared in both strategies. McNemar's non-parametric test was used to assess significant differences in matched proportions. RESULTS Among the 3,445 neonates (late-preterm, n = 178; full-term, n = 3,267) 262 (7.6%) presented with symptoms of suspected EOS. There were no cases of culture-proven EOS. Only 1.9% of the neonates were treated with antibiotics (median antibiotic treatment, 2 days) and 4.0% were evaluated. According to NSC, antibiotics would have been administered in 5.4% of infants (absolute difference between SCO and NSC, 3.51%; 95% CI, 3.14-3.71%; p <0.0001) and 5.6% of infants would have undergone "rule out sepsis" (absolute difference between SCO and NSC, 1.63%, 95% CI 1.10-2.05; p <0.0001). CONCLUSION SCO minimizes laboratory testing and unnecessary antibiotics in infants at risk of EOS or with mild non-progressive symptoms, without the risk of a worse neonatal outcome. The NSC recommends almost three times more antibiotics than the SCO without improving neonatal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's and Children's Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Isotta Zinani
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Bedetti
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's and Children's Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy.,Doctorate School, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Eleonora Vaccina
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Toschi
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Greta Toni
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Lecis
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Federica Leone
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Monari
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother Infant Department, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Michela Cozzolino
- Obstetrics Unit, Mother Infant Department, University Hospital Policlinico of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zini
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Boncompagni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's and Children's Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Pediatric Post-Graduate School, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Women's and Children's Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesca Miselli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's and Children's Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | - Licia Lugli
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Women's and Children's Health Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Geraerds AJLM, van Herk W, Stocker M, El Helou S, Dutta S, Fontana MS, Schuerman FABA, van den Tooren-de Groot RK, Wieringa J, Janota J, van der Meer-Kappelle LH, Moonen R, Sie SD, de Vries E, Donker AE, Zimmerman U, Schlapbach LJ, de Mol AC, Hoffman-Haringsma A, Roy M, Tomaske M, Kornelisse RF, van Gijsel J, Visser EG, van Rossum AMC, Polinder S. Cost impact of procalcitonin-guided decision making on duration of antibiotic therapy for suspected early-onset sepsis in neonates. Crit Care 2021; 25:367. [PMID: 34670582 PMCID: PMC8529813 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-021-03789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The large, international, randomized controlled NeoPInS trial showed that procalcitonin (PCT)-guided decision making was superior to standard care in reducing the duration of antibiotic therapy and hospitalization in neonates suspected of early-onset sepsis (EOS), without increased adverse events. This study aimed to perform a cost-minimization study of the NeoPInS trial, comparing health care costs of standard care and PCT-guided decision making based on the NeoPInS algorithm, and to analyze subgroups based on country, risk category and gestational age. METHODS Data from the NeoPInS trial in neonates born after 34 weeks of gestational age with suspected EOS in the first 72 h of life requiring antibiotic therapy were used. We performed a cost-minimization study of health care costs, comparing standard care to PCT-guided decision making. RESULTS In total, 1489 neonates were included in the study, of which 754 were treated according to PCT-guided decision making and 735 received standard care. Mean health care costs of PCT-guided decision making were not significantly different from costs of standard care (€3649 vs. €3616). Considering subgroups, we found a significant reduction in health care costs of PCT-guided decision making for risk category 'infection unlikely' and for gestational age ≥ 37 weeks in the Netherlands, Switzerland and the Czech Republic, and for gestational age < 37 weeks in the Czech Republic. CONCLUSIONS Health care costs of PCT-guided decision making of term and late-preterm neonates with suspected EOS are not significantly different from costs of standard care. Significant cost reduction was found for risk category 'infection unlikely,' and is affected by both the price of PCT-testing and (prolonged) hospitalization due to SAEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J L M Geraerds
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wendy van Herk
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Stocker
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Salhab El Helou
- Division of Neonatology, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sourabh Dutta
- Division of Neonatology, McMaster University Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Matteo S Fontana
- Department of Paediatrics, Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Frank A B A Schuerman
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Isala Women and Children's Centre, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jantien Wieringa
- Department of Paediatrics, Haaglanden Medical Center, 's Gravenhage, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Janota
- Neonatal Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Motol University Hospital, Second Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Institute of Pathological Physiology, First Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Rob Moonen
- Department of Neonatology, Zuyderland Medical Centre, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Sintha D Sie
- Department of Neonatology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Esther de Vries
- Department of Paediatrics, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Albertine E Donker
- Department of Paediatrics, Maxima Medical Centre, Veldhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Urs Zimmerman
- Department of Paediatrics, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Luregn J Schlapbach
- Department of Paediatrics, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Paediatric Critical Care Research Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amerik C de Mol
- Department of Neonatology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Madan Roy
- Department of Neonatology, St. Josephs Healthcare, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Maren Tomaske
- Department of Paediatrics, Stadtspital Triemli, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René F Kornelisse
- Division of Neonatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Juliette van Gijsel
- Julius Training General Practitioner, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eline G Visser
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Department of Paediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre - Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne Polinder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cussen A, Guinness L. Cost savings from use of a neonatal sepsis calculator in Australia: A modelled economic analysis. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:1037-1043. [PMID: 33592674 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the change in average cost and length of stay (LOS) for the neonatal birth admission resulting from use of the neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) calculator compared to guideline-based management, in an Australian perinatal health-care setting. METHODS A decision-analytic model (decision tree) was constructed to assess admission cost and LOS with EOS calculator use compared to guideline-based management. Probabilities of clinical sepsis-related outcomes were obtained via review of published literature. Costs and average LOS were obtained from Australia's Independent Hospital Pricing Authority. RESULTS EOS calculator use was associated with a reduction in costs of AUD$25806 and in average LOS of 25.4 days per 1000 babies born. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated greater net benefits could be expected for services where there is a higher baseline rate of antibiotic use. CONCLUSION This model demonstrates a significant cost reduction for the neonatal birth admission, associated with use of the EOS calculator as compared to existing guidelines. The net benefit may be greater in Australia, where rates of empiric antibiotic use are reportedly high, compared to some European countries and the United States. Future research opportunities include prospective collection of economic data alongside the introduction of the EOS calculator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Cussen
- Department of Paediatrics, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorna Guinness
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Payton KSE, Wirtschafter D, Bennett MV, Benitz WE, Lee HC, Kristensen-Cabrera A, C Nisbet C, Gould J, Parker C, Sharek PJ. Vignettes Identify Variation in Antibiotic Use for Suspected Early Onset Sepsis. Hosp Pediatr 2021; 11:770-774. [PMID: 34083354 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2020-000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is widespread unwarranted antibiotic use and large individual provider variation in antibiotic use in NICUs. Vignette-based research methodology offers a unique method of studying variation in individual provider decisions. The objective with this study was to use a vignette-based survey to identify specific areas of provider antibiotic use variation in newborns being evaluated for early onset sepsis. METHODS This study was undertaken as part of a statewide multicenter neonatal antibiotic stewardship quality improvement project led by a perinatal quality improvement collaborative. A web-based vignette survey was administered to identify variation in decisions to start and discontinue antibiotics in cases of early onset sepsis. RESULTS The largest variation was noted in 3 of the 6 vignette cases. These cases highlighted variation in (1) decisions to start antibiotics in a case describing a well-appearing newborn with risk factors and an elevated C-reactive protein, (2) decisions to start antibiotics in the case of a newborn with risk factors plus mild respiratory signs at birth, and (3) decisions to stop antibiotics in the case of the newborn with a history of sepsis risk factors and mild clinical respiratory signs that resolved after 72 hours. CONCLUSIONS Clinical vignette assessment identified specific areas of variation in individual provider antibiotic use decisions in cases of suspected early onset sepsis. Vignettes are a valuable method of describing individual provider variation and highlighting antibiotic stewardship improvement opportunities in NICUs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurlen S E Payton
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California; .,California Perinatal Quality Care, Collaborative, Stanford, California
| | - David Wirtschafter
- Perinatal Quality Improvement Panel Research Committee, Stanford, California
| | - Mihoko V Bennett
- California Perinatal Quality Care, Collaborative, Stanford, California.,Divisions of Neonatology and
| | | | - Henry C Lee
- California Perinatal Quality Care, Collaborative, Stanford, California.,Divisions of Neonatology and
| | | | - Courtney C Nisbet
- California Perinatal Quality Care, Collaborative, Stanford, California
| | - Jeffrey Gould
- California Perinatal Quality Care, Collaborative, Stanford, California.,Divisions of Neonatology and
| | - Colin Parker
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles California; and
| | - Paul J Sharek
- California Perinatal Quality Care, Collaborative, Stanford, California.,Hospitalist Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford California.,Division of General Pediatrics and Hospital Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schmitt C, Novy M, Hascoët JM. Term newborns at risk for early-onset neonatal sepsis: Clinical surveillance versus systematic paraclinical test. Arch Pediatr 2021; 28:117-122. [PMID: 33446431 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2020.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early-onset neonatal sepsis is a rare but potentially lethal infection that is very often suspected in daily practice. Previous national guidelines recommended the use of systematic paraclinical tests for healthy term newborns with suspected infection. These guidelines were updated in 2017 by the French Health Authority (Haute Autorité de santé), and promote initial clinical monitoring taking into account the infectious risk level for term and near-term born infants. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of the new recommendations on antibiotic therapy prescription and invasive tests, and on the outcomes of infants born from 36weeks' gestation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study compared the management and the outcome of neonates born from 36weeks' gestation at the level III University Hospital of Nancy, according to their infectious risk level during two periods, before and after the update of national recommendations: from July 1 to December 31, 2017, versus July 1 to December 31, 2018. Data were retrospectively collected from the infants' files. This study compared the number and length of antibiotic treatment and the number of invasive tests, the number of documented infections, the number and length of hospitalization, and mortality between the two periods. RESULTS During the first period, among 1248 eligible newborns, 643 presented an infectious risk factor, versus 1152 newborns with 343 having an infectious risk factor during the second period. Antibiotic treatment was initiated for 18 newborns during the first period (1.4%) and for nine during the second (0.8%) (P=0.13). The mean (SD) duration of the antibiotic treatment was longer in the first than in the second period: 6.3±2days vs. 3.1±2.3days (P=0.003). There was no death related to neonatal infection. A total of 1052 blood samples were collected during the first period versus 51 during the second (P<0.01). There was no documented infection. In the first period, there were 18 newborns (1.4%) hospitalized for suspected infection versus nine (0.8%) in the second period (P=0.13). The duration of hospitalization was 5.7±1.7days in the first period versus 5.2±3days in the second (P=0.33). CONCLUSION In this study, the application of the new guidelines enabled a reduction of antibiotic exposure and a reduction of invasive tests without additional risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Schmitt
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternité Régionale, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France.
| | - M Novy
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternité Régionale, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France
| | - J-M Hascoët
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Maternité Régionale, CHRU Nancy, 54000 Nancy, France; DevAH, Lorraine University, 54000 Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Keij FM, Achten NB, Tramper-Stranders GA, Allegaert K, van Rossum AMC, Reiss IKM, Kornelisse RF. Stratified Management for Bacterial Infections in Late Preterm and Term Neonates: Current Strategies and Future Opportunities Toward Precision Medicine. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:590969. [PMID: 33869108 PMCID: PMC8049115 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.590969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period. Therefore, many neonates, including late preterm and term neonates, are exposed to antibiotics in the first weeks of life. Data on the importance of inter-individual differences and disease signatures are accumulating. Differences that may potentially influence treatment requirement and success rate. However, currently, many neonates are treated following a "one size fits all" approach, based on general protocols and standard antibiotic treatment regimens. Precision medicine has emerged in the last years and is perceived as a new, holistic, way of stratifying patients based on large-scale data including patient characteristics and disease specific features. Specific to sepsis, differences in disease susceptibility, disease severity, immune response and pharmacokinetics and -dynamics can be used for the development of treatment algorithms helping clinicians decide when and how to treat a specific patient or a specific subpopulation. In this review, we highlight the current and future developments that could allow transition to a more precise manner of antibiotic treatment in late preterm and term neonates, and propose a research agenda toward precision medicine for neonatal bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fleur M Keij
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niek B Achten
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerdien A Tramper-Stranders
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karel Allegaert
- Department of Development and Regeneration, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Irwin K M Reiss
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - René F Kornelisse
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Durrani NUR, Dutta S, Rochow N, El Helou S, El Gouhary E. C-reactive protein as a predictor of meningitis in early onset neonatal sepsis: a single unit experience. J Perinat Med 2020; 48:845-851. [PMID: 32769223 DOI: 10.1515/jpm-2019-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To determine whether there is a cut off value of serum C-reactive protein (CRP) associated with a higher risk of meningitis in suspected early onset sepsis (EOS) (onset birth to 7 days of life). Methods A retrospective cohort study on neonates admitted in neonatal intensive care unit at McMaster Children's Hospital from January 2010 to 2017 and had lumbar puncture (LP) and CRP for workup of EOS. Included subjects had either (a) non-traumatic LP or (b) traumatic LP with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction or gram stain or culture-positive or had received antimicrobials for 21 days. Excluded were CSF done for metabolic errors, before cytomegalovirus (CMV) treatment; from ventriculo-peritoneal (VP) shunts; missing data and contamination. Neonates were classified into definite and probable meningitis and on the range of CRP. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for CRP values; and area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curve. Results Out of 609 CSF samples, 184 were eligible (28 cases of definite or probable meningitis and 156 controls). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, and AUROC were too low to be of clinical significance to predict meningitis in EOS. Conclusions Serum CRP values have poor discriminatory power to distinguish between subjects with and without meningitis, in symptomatic EOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Ur Rehman Durrani
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division, Sidra Medicine and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Weill Cornel Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Niels Rochow
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical School, General Hospital of Nuremberg, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Salhab El Helou
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Enas El Gouhary
- Department of Pediatrics, Neonatal Division, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
[C-reactive protein-guided antibiotic treatment strategy for neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2020. [PMID: 31948518 PMCID: PMC7389712 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of C-reactive protein (CRP)-guided antibiotic treatment strategy for neonates with suspected early-onset sepsis (EOS). METHODS A total of 428 neonates, with a gestational age of >35 weeks, who were admitted to the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from February to July, 2019 and were suspected of EOS were enrolled as the observation group. The effect of antibiotic treatment was prospectively observed, and if clinical symptoms were improved and CRP was <10 mg/L in two consecutive tests, discontinuation of antibiotics was considered. A total of 328 neonates (gestational age of >35 weeks) who were admitted to this hospital from February to July, 2018 and were suspected of EOS were enrolled as the control group, and the use of antibiotics was analyzed retrospectively. The two groups were compared in terms of duration of antibiotic treatment, length of hospital stay, incidence rate of repeated infection and clinical outcome. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the observation group had significantly shorter duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidence rate of repeated infection and clinical outcome between the two groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS For neonates with a gestational age of >35 weeks and a suspected diagnosis of EOS, CRP-guided antibiotic treatment strategy can shorten duration of antibiotic treatment and length of hospital stay and does not increase the incidence rate of repeated infection. Therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.
Collapse
|
21
|
A Prospective Cohort Study of Factors Associated with Empiric Antibiotic De-escalation in Neonates Suspected with Early Onset Sepsis (EOS). Paediatr Drugs 2020; 22:321-330. [PMID: 32185682 PMCID: PMC7222079 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-020-00388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged empiric antibiotic use, resulting from diagnostic uncertainties, in suspected early onset sepsis (EOS) cases constitutes a significant problem. Unnecessary antibiotic use increases the risk of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, prolonged antibiotic use increases the risk of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Proactive measures including empiric antibiotic de-escalation are crucial to overcome these problems. METHODS This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the neonatal intensive care units of two public hospitals in Malaysia. Neonates with a gestational age greater than 34 weeks who were started on empiric antibiotics within 72 h of life were screened. The data were then stratified according to de-escalation and non-de-escalation practices, where de-escalation practice was defined as narrowing down or discontinuation of empiric antibiotic within 72 h of treatment. RESULTS A total of 1045 neonates were screened, and 429 were included. The neonates were then divided based on de-escalation (n = 207) and non-de-escalation (n = 222) practices. Neonates under non-de-escalation practices showed significantly longer durations of antibiotic use compared to those under de-escalation practices (p < 0.05), with no difference in treatment outcomes. Five factors were found to be associated with de-escalation of antibiotics. They are cesarean section delivery, exposure to antenatal steroids, nil history of maternal pyrexia, absence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and normal C-reactive protein ≤ 0.5 mg/dL (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Empiric antibiotic de-escalation appears feasible as a routine form of treatment for EOS in late preterm and term neonates.
Collapse
|
22
|
Achten NB, Visser DH, Tromp E, Groot W, van Goudoever JB, Plötz FB. Early onset sepsis calculator implementation is associated with reduced healthcare utilization and financial costs in late preterm and term newborns. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:727-734. [PMID: 31897840 PMCID: PMC7160215 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-019-03510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The neonatal early onset sepsis (EOS) calculator is a novel tool for antibiotic stewardship in newborns, associated with a reduction of empiric antibiotic treatment for suspected EOS. We studied if implementation of the EOS calculator results in less healthcare utilization and lower financial costs of suspected EOS. For this, we compared two single-year cohorts of hospitalizations within 3 days after birth in a Dutch nonacademic teaching hospital, before and after implementation of the EOS calculator. All admitted newborns born at or after 35 weeks of gestation were eligible for inclusion. We analyzed data from 881 newborns pre-implementation and 827 newborns post-implementation. We found significant reductions in EOS-related laboratory tests performed and antibiotic days, associated with implementation of the EOS calculator. Mean length of hospital stay was shorter, and EOS-related financial costs were lower after implementation among term, but not among preterm newborns.Conclusion: In addition to the well-known positive impact on antibiotic stewardship, implementation of the EOS calculator is also clearly associated with reductions in healthcare utilization related to suspected EOS in late preterm and term newborns and with a reduction in associated financial costs among those born term.What is Known:• The early-onset sepsis (EOS) calculator is a novel tool for antibiotic stewardship in newborns, associated with a reduction in empiric antibiotic treatment for suspected EOS.What is New:• In newborns at risk for EOS, EOS calculator implementation is associated with a significant reduction in laboratory investigations related to suspected EOS and significantly shorter stay in those born term.• EOS calculator implementation in term newborns is associated with a mean reduction of €207 in costs for EOS-related care per admitted newborn.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niek B. Achten
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN, Blaricum, The Netherlands ,grid.414503.70000 0004 0529 2508Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douwe H. Visser
- grid.414503.70000 0004 0529 2508Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Neonatology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ellen Tromp
- grid.415960.f0000 0004 0622 1269Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
| | - Wim Groot
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Health Services Research, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johannes B. van Goudoever
- grid.414503.70000 0004 0529 2508Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frans B. Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospitals, Rijksstraatweg 1, 1261 AN, Blaricum, The Netherlands ,grid.414503.70000 0004 0529 2508Amsterdam UMC University of Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Achten NB, Klingenberg C, Benitz WE, Stocker M, Schlapbach LJ, Giannoni E, Bokelaar R, Driessen GJA, Brodin P, Uthaya S, van Rossum AMC, Plötz FB. Association of Use of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator With Reduction in Antibiotic Therapy and Safety: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2019; 173:1032-1040. [PMID: 31479103 PMCID: PMC6724419 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) calculator is a clinical risk stratification tool increasingly used to guide the use of empirical antibiotics for newborns. Evidence on the effectiveness and safety of the EOS calculator is essential to inform clinicians considering implementation. OBJECTIVE To assess the association between management of neonatal EOS guided by the neonatal EOS calculator (compared with conventional management strategies) and reduction in antibiotic therapy for newborns. DATA SOURCES Electronic searches in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were conducted from 2011 (introduction of the EOS calculator model) through January 31, 2019. STUDY SELECTION All studies with original data that compared management guided by the EOS calculator with conventional management strategies for allocating antibiotic therapy to newborns suspected to have EOS were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Following PRISMA-P guidelines, relevant data were extracted from full-text articles and supplements. CHARMS (Checklist for Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modeling Studies) and GRADE (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) tools were used to assess the risk of bias and quality of evidence. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model was conducted for studies with separate cohorts for EOS calculator and conventional management strategies. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The difference in percentage of newborns treated with empirical antibiotics for suspected or proven EOS between management guided by the EOS calculator and conventional management strategies. Safety-related outcomes involved missed cases of EOS, readmissions, treatment delay, morbidity, and mortality. RESULTS Thirteen relevant studies analyzing a total of 175 752 newborns were included. All studies found a substantially lower relative risk (range, 3%-60%) for empirical antibiotic therapy, favoring the EOS calculator. Meta-analysis revealed a relative risk of antibiotic use of 56% (95% CI, 53%-59%) in before-after studies including newborns regardless of exposure to chorioamnionitis. Evidence on safety was limited, but proportions of missed cases of EOS were comparable between management guided by the EOS calculator (5 of 18 [28%]) and conventional management strategies (8 of 28 [29%]) (pooled odds ratio, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.26-3.52; P = .95). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Use of the neonatal EOS calculator is associated with a substantial reduction in the use of empirical antibiotics for suspected EOS. Available evidence regarding safety of the use of the EOS calculator is limited, but shows no indication of inferiority compared with conventional management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niek B. Achten
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, the Netherlands,Faculty of Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway,Paediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Martin Stocker
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Luregn J. Schlapbach
- Paediatric Critical Care Research Group, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia,Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia,Department of Pediatrics, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric Giannoni
- Department Woman-Mother-Child, Clinic of Neonatology, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robin Bokelaar
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, the Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J. A. Driessen
- Department of Pediatrics, Juliana Children’s Hospital, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Petter Brodin
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabita Uthaya
- Section of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annemarie M. C. van Rossum
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus University Medical Centre-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Frans B. Plötz
- Department of Pediatrics, Tergooi Hospital, Blaricum, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Purpose of Review Neonatal sepsis is a diagnosis made in infants less than 28 days of life and consists of a clinical syndrome that may include systemic signs of infection, circulatory shock, and multisystem organ failure. Recent Findings Commonly involved bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Risk factors include central venous catheter use and prolonged hospitalization. Neonates are at significant risk of delayed recognition of sepsis until more ominous clinical findings and vital sign abnormalities develop. Blood culture remains the gold standard for diagnosis. Summary Neonatal sepsis remains an important diagnosis requiring a high index of suspicion. Immediate treatment with antibiotics is imperative.
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
Neonatal early-onset sepsis is a serious health concern for term and late preterm infants. Screening for early-onset sepsis is often challenging due to variation in practice, nonspecific laboratory markers, and clinical findings that mimic immaturity. This systematic review evaluates the evidence for the effectiveness of the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator (EOScalc) as a screening tool to appropriately identify neonatal early-onset sepsis and the ability to decrease unnecessary antibiotic use in late preterm and term infants. A comprehensive search of retrospective cohort and retrospective case-control studies was conducted using 5 databases. Studies were included if they evaluated the EOScalc within the defined parameters of use and excluded if they were not published. Six studies were identified and included from 2014 to 2017. Study comparisons varied on the basis of differing clinical practice and use of the EOScalc. Findings included in this review suggest that utilization of the EOScalc can reduce empiric antibiotic therapy, unnecessary laboratory testing, and separation of infants and mothers without increasing infant mortality.
Collapse
|
26
|
Han W, Cao Y. [Research advances in rational use of antibiotics in neonates]. ZHONGGUO DANG DAI ER KE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PEDIATRICS 2018; 20:876-880. [PMID: 30369368 PMCID: PMC7389037 DOI: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics are commonly used in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), but unnecessary or long-time exposure to antibiotics early after birth can increase the risk of poor prognosis of neonates. Antibiotic treatment in the NICU often begins with empiric therapy, but no uniform standards have been established for the initiation and course of empiric therapy. In neonates with negative bacterial culture results and stable clinical manifestations, empiric antibiotic therapy should be terminated in a timely manner. There are significant differences in the use of antibiotics in different NICUs. A targeted antimicrobial stewardship program is an effective way for optimizing the use of antibiotics in the NICU.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Karamay Central Hospital, Karamay, Xinjiang 834000, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Meng Y, Cai XH, Wang L. Potential Genes and Pathways of Neonatal Sepsis Based on Functional Gene Set Enrichment Analyses. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6708520. [PMID: 30154914 PMCID: PMC6091373 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6708520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neonatal sepsis (NS) is considered as the most common cause of neonatal deaths that newborns suffer from. Although numerous studies focus on gene biomarkers of NS, the predictive value of the gene biomarkers is low. NS pathogenesis is still needed to be investigated. METHODS After data preprocessing, we used KEGG enrichment method to identify the differentially expressed pathways between NS and normal controls. Then, functional principal component analysis (FPCA) was adopted to calculate gene values in NS. In order to further study the key signaling pathway of the NS, elastic-net regression model, Mann-Whitney U test, and coexpression network were used to estimate the weights of signaling pathway and hub genes. RESULTS A total of 115 different pathways between NS and controls were first identified. FPCA made full use of time-series gene expression information and estimated F values of genes in the different pathways. The top 1000 genes were considered as the different genes and were further analyzed by elastic-net regression and MWU test. There were 7 key signaling pathways between the NS and controls, according to different sources. Among those genes involved in key pathways, 7 hub genes, PIK3CA, TGFBR2, CDKN1B, KRAS, E2F3, TRAF6, and CHUK, were determined based on the coexpression network. Most of them were cancer-related genes. PIK3CA was considered as the common marker, which is highly expressed in the lymphocyte group. Little was known about the correlation of PIK3CA with NS, which gives us a new enlightenment for NS study. CONCLUSION This research might provide the perspective information to explore the potential novel genes and pathways as NS therapy targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YuXiu Meng
- Department of Neonatology, First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| | - Xue Hong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yanzhou, Jining, Shandong 272100, China
| | - LiPei Wang
- Department of Neonatology, First People's Hospital of Jining, Jining, Shandong 272000, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Berardi A, Tzialla C, Travan L, Bua J, Santori D, Azzalli M, Spada C, Lucaccioni L. Secondary prevention of early-onset sepsis: a less invasive Italian approach for managing neonates at risk. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:73. [PMID: 29954420 PMCID: PMC6025713 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0515-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Strategies to prevent early-onset sepsis (EOS) have led to a substantial decline in many countries. However, one of the most controversial topics in neonatology is the management of asymptomatic full-term and late preterm neonates at risk for EOS, and guidelines lack substantial consensus regarding this issue. A strategy for managing neonates, entirely based on serial physical examinations, has been developed in two Italian regions. This strategy seems safe, while reducing laboratory tests and unnecessary antibiotics. In the current commentary we provide area-based data concerning the prevention of EOS in 2 northern Italian regions, and we detail the results of their strategy for managing healthy-appearing newborns at risk for EOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Berardi
- Unità Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy. .,Scuola di specializzazione in Pediatria, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Via del Pozzo, 71 -, 41124, Modena, MO, Italy.
| | - Chryssoula Tzialla
- Neonatologia, Patologia Neonatale e Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico "San Matteo", Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Travan
- Unità Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Jenny Bua
- Unità Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Daniele Santori
- Struttura Complessa di Pediatria e Neonatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria degli Angeli, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Milena Azzalli
- Unità Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Ospedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Caterina Spada
- Scuola di specializzazione in Pediatria, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Via del Pozzo, 71 -, 41124, Modena, MO, Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Unità Operativa di Terapia Intensiva Neonatale, Dipartimento Integrato Materno-Infantile, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico, Modena, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Bedetti L, Marrozzini L, Baraldi A, Spezia E, Iughetti L, Lucaccioni L, Berardi A. Pitfalls in the diagnosis of meningitis in neonates and young infants: the role of lumbar puncture. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2018; 32:4029-4035. [PMID: 29792059 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2018.1481031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Meningitis occurs frequently in neonates and can lead to a number of acute, severe complications and long-term disabilities. An early diagnosis of neonatal meningitis is essential to reduce mortality and to improve outcomes. Initial clinical signs of meningitis are often subtle and frequently overlap with those of sepsis, and current haematologic tests do not distinguish sepsis from meningitis. Thus, lumbar puncture (LP) remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of meningitis in infants, and this procedure is recommended in clinical guidelines. Nevertheless, in clinical practice, LP is frequently deferred or omitted due to concerns regarding hypothetical adverse events or limited experience of the performer. Future studies should assess whether a combination of clinical findings and select haematologic tests at disease onset can identify those neonates with the highest risk of meningitis who should undergo LP. Furthermore, clinicians should be convinced that the actual benefits of an early diagnosis of meningitis far outweigh the hypothetical risks associated with LP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bedetti
- Post-graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Lucia Marrozzini
- Post-graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Alessandro Baraldi
- Post-graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Elisabetta Spezia
- Post-graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Iughetti
- Post-graduate School of Pediatrics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy.,Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Mothers, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Laura Lucaccioni
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| | - Alberto Berardi
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences of the Mother, Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , Modena , Italy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Paul SP, Richardson K. There is an urgent need for evidence-based internationally agreed guidelines for the assessment of neonates at risk of developing early-onset sepsis. Evid Based Nurs 2018; 21:46. [PMID: 29459384 DOI: 10.1136/eb-2017-102770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
31
|
Antibiotic treatment and stewardship in the era of microbiota-oriented diagnostics. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 37:795-798. [PMID: 29411188 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
32
|
Klingenberg C, Kornelisse RF, Buonocore G, Maier RF, Stocker M. Culture-Negative Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis - At the Crossroad Between Efficient Sepsis Care and Antimicrobial Stewardship. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:285. [PMID: 30356671 PMCID: PMC6189301 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in neonates. Presenting clinical symptoms are unspecific. Sensitivity and positive predictive value of biomarkers at onset of symptoms are suboptimal. Clinical suspicion therefore frequently leads to empirical antibiotic therapy in uninfected infants. The incidence of culture confirmed early-onset sepsis is rather low, around 0.4-0.8/1000 term infants in high-income countries. Six to 16 times more infants receive therapy for culture-negative sepsis in the absence of a positive blood culture. Thus, culture-negative sepsis contributes to high antibiotic consumption in neonatal units. Antibiotics may be life-saving for the few infants who are truly infected. However, overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases colonization with antibiotic resistant bacteria. Antibiotic therapy also induces perturbations of the non-resilient early life microbiota with potentially long lasting negative impact on the individual's own health. Currently there is no uniform consensus definition for neonatal sepsis. This leads to variations in management. Two factors may reduce the number of culture-negative sepsis cases. First, obtaining adequate blood cultures (0.5-1 mL) at symptom onset is mandatory. Unless there is a strong clinical or biochemical indication to prolong antibiotics physician need to trust the culture results and to stop antibiotics for suspected sepsis within 36-48 h. Secondly, an international robust and pragmatic neonatal sepsis definition is urgently needed. Neonatal sepsis is a dynamic condition. Rigorous evaluation of clinical symptoms ("organ dysfunction") over 36-48 h in combination with appropriately selected biomarkers ("dysregulated host response") may be used to support or refute a sepsis diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claus Klingenberg
- Pediatric Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø-Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - René F Kornelisse
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Rolf F Maier
- Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Stocker
- Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The spread of antibiotic resistance due to the use and misuse of antibiotics around the world is now a major health crisis. Neonates are exposed to antibiotics both before and after birth, often empirically because of risk factors for infection, or for non-specific signs which may or may not indicate sepsis. There is increasing evidence that, apart from antibiotic resistance, the use of antibiotics in pregnancy and in the neonatal period alters the microbiome in the fetus and neonate with an increased risk of immediate and long-term adverse effects. Antibiotic stewardship is a co-ordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antibiotics, improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms. This review addresses some of the controversies in antibiotic use in the perinatal period, examines opportunities for reduction of unnecessary antibiotic exposure in neonates, and provides a framework for antibiotic stewardship in neonatal care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jayashree Ramasethu
- Division of Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Tetsuya Kawakita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Jan AI, Ramanathan R, Cayabyab RG. Chorioamnionitis and Management of Asymptomatic Infants ≥35 Weeks Without Empiric Antibiotics. Pediatrics 2017; 140:peds.2016-2744. [PMID: 28759393 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Management of asymptomatic infants ≥35 weeks' gestation born to mothers with chorioamnionitis remains controversial, with many clinicians considering the need for changes to the current guidelines. The study objective was to evaluate the outcomes of asymptomatic chorioamnionitis-exposed neonates without the use of immediate empirical antibiotics. METHODS A retrospective data review was conducted from May 2008 to December 2014, including asymptomatic infants ≥35 weeks' gestation with a maternal diagnosis of clinical chorioamnionitis. RESULTS A total of 240 asymptomatic infants with chorioamnionitis exposure were identified. The majority of asymptomatic chorioamnionitis-exposed infants, 162 (67.5%), remained well in the mother-infant unit with a median stay of 2 days. There were 78 (32.5%) infants admitted to the NICU and exposed to antibiotics due to abnormal laboratory data or development of clinical symptoms. Of those infants admitted to the NICU, 19 (24%) received antibiotics for <72 hours, 47 (60%) were treated for culture-negative clinical sepsis, and 12 (15%) for culture-positive sepsis, with a median NICU stay of 7 days. CONCLUSIONS Nonroutine use of empirical antibiotics in asymptomatic newborns ≥35 weeks' gestation with maternal chorioamninonitis prevented NICU admission in two-thirds of these infants. This prevented unnecessary antibiotic exposure, increased hospitalization costs, and disruption of mother-infant bonding and breastfeeding. Laboratory evaluation and clinical observation without immediate antibiotic administration may be incorporated into a management approach in asymptomatic chorioamnionitis-exposed neonates. Additional studies are needed to establish the safety of this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda I Jan
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and .,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rangasamy Ramanathan
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and.,Division of Neonatology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rowena G Cayabyab
- Division of Neonatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, LAC+USC Medical Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Carr JP, Burgner DP, Hardikar RS, Buttery JP. Empiric antibiotic regimens for neonatal sepsis in Australian and New Zealand neonatal intensive care units. J Paediatr Child Health 2017; 53:680-684. [PMID: 28421643 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Neonatal sepsis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, and requires prompt empiric treatment. However, only a minority of babies who receive antibiotics for suspected sepsis have an infection. Antimicrobial exposure in infancy has important short- and long-term consequences. There is no consensus regarding empirical antimicrobial regimens. METHODS The study included a survey of empiric antimicrobial regimens in all tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Australia and New Zealand in 2013-2014. RESULTS All 27 units responded. For early-onset sepsis, all units used a combination of gentamicin with either penicillin or ampicillin. For late-onset sepsis, the frequency of units using empiric vancomycin (41%) versus empiric flucloxacillin (48%) was similar. Gestational age or the presence of a central venous catheter had little influence on using vancomycin instead of flucloxacillin. For late-onset sepsis with meningitis there was marked variation in antimicrobial combinations, with 15 different regimens described. A total of 93% used a cefotaxime-based regimen, either as monotherapy (22%) or combined with a second (22%) or third (48%) agent. For suspected necrotising enterocolitis, 89% used an aminoglycoside, metronidazole and a penicillin. Historical outbreaks of multi-resistant organisms exerted long-term influence over regimen choice. CONCLUSIONS There was limited use of broad-spectrum agents such as carbapenems or third-generation cephalosporins. In this region with low methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus prevalence, empiric vancomycin use was common, selected for activity against coagulase-negative staphylococci. Empiric vancomycin is rarely necessary because coagulase-negative staphylococci are often contaminants and sepsis is rarely fulminant, occurring almost exclusively in extremely low birthweight infants. Implementation of appropriate, local antimicrobial policies is crucial to minimise antimicrobial exposure in this vulnerable population and halt the development of antimicrobial resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy P Carr
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rohan S Hardikar
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jim P Buttery
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Amenyogbe N, Kollmann TR, Ben-Othman R. Early-Life Host-Microbiome Interphase: The Key Frontier for Immune Development. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:111. [PMID: 28596951 PMCID: PMC5442244 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human existence can be viewed as an "animal in a microbial world." A healthy interaction of the human host with the microbes in and around us heavily relies on a well-functioning immune system. As development of both the microbiota and the host immune system undergo rapid changes in early life, it is not surprising that even minor alterations during this co-development can have profound consequences. Scrutiny of existing data regarding pre-, peri-, as well as early postnatal modulators of newborn microbiota indeed suggest strong associations with several immune-mediated diseases with onset far beyond the newborn period. We here summarize these data and extract overarching themes. This same effort in turn sets the stage to guide effective countermeasures, such as probiotic administration. The objective of our review is to highlight the interaction of host immune ontogeny with the developing microbiome in early life as a critical window of susceptibility for lifelong disease, as well as to identify the enormous potential to protect and promote lifelong health by specifically targeting this window of opportunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Amenyogbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tobias R. Kollmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rym Ben-Othman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mukhopadhyay S, Taylor JA, Von Kohorn I, Flaherman V, Burgos AE, Phillipi CA, Dhepyasuwan N, King E, Dhudasia M, Puopolo KM. Variation in Sepsis Evaluation Across a National Network of Nurseries. Pediatrics 2017; 139:peds.2016-2845. [PMID: 28179485 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The extent to which clinicians use currently available guidelines for early-onset sepsis (EOS) screening has not been described. The Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network represents 97 nurseries in 34 states across the United States. The objective of this study was to describe EOS risk management strategies across a national sample of newborn nurseries. METHODS A Web-based survey was sent to each Better Outcomes through Research for Newborns network nursery site representative. Nineteen questions addressed specific practices for assessing and managing well-appearing term newborns identified at risk for EOS. RESULTS Responses were received from 81 (83%) of 97 nurseries located in 33 states. Obstetric diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was the most common factor used to identify risk for EOS (79 of 81). Among well-appearing term infants with concern for maternal chorioamnionitis, 51 of 79 sites used American Academy of Pediatrics or Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines to inform clinical care; 11 used a published sepsis risk calculator; and 2 used clinical observation alone. Complete blood cell count (94.8%) and C-reactive protein (36.4%) were the most common laboratory tests obtained and influenced duration of empirical antibiotics at 13% of the sites. Some degree of mother-infant separation was required for EOS evaluation at 95% of centers, and separation for the entire duration of antibiotic therapy was required in 40% of the sites. CONCLUSIONS Substantial variation exists in newborn EOS risk assessment, affecting the definition of risk, the level of medical intervention, and ultimately mother-infant separation. Identification of the optimal approach to EOS risk assessment and standardized implementation of such an approach could affect care of a large proportion of newborns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagori Mukhopadhyay
- Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
| | - James A Taylor
- Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Valerie Flaherman
- Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Anthony E Burgos
- Pediatrics, Southern California Kaiser Permanente, Downey, California
| | - Carrie A Phillipi
- Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | | | | | - Miren Dhudasia
- Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Karen M Puopolo
- Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Drageset M, Fjalstad JW, Mortensen S, Klingenberg C. Management of early-onset neonatal sepsis differs in the north and south of Scandinavia. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:375-381. [PMID: 27935180 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study compared the management and outcomes of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) in two tertiary neonatal units in Denmark and Norway. METHODS We retrospectively studied all infants diagnosed with EONS between April 2010 and March 2013 and managed at Odense University Hospital, Denmark, and the University Hospital of North Norway, Norway. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from patient records. RESULTS We identified 137 EONS cases in Denmark and 101 in Norway. There were 35 culture-confirmed EONS cases: 16% of the Danish cases and 13% of the Norwegian cases. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently detected pathogen in 11 cases (31%), followed by Group B streptococci in nine (26%) and Escherichia coli in six (17%). In 85% of the 238 cases, the empiric therapy comprised gentamicin and a beta-lactam, namely ampicillin in Denmark and benzylpenicillin in Norway. Patients with positive blood cultures had higher C-reactive protein levels than patients with negative blood cultures and higher sepsis-attributable mortality. Lumbar punctures were performed more frequently in Denmark. CONCLUSION There were marginal differences in the management of EONS between units in Denmark and Norway, mainly in their choice of antibiotics and the use of lumbar punctures. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Drageset
- Paediatric Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
- Nordland Hospital; Vesterålen Norway
| | - Jon Widding Fjalstad
- Paediatric Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
| | - Sven Mortensen
- Hans Christian Andersen Childrens Hospital; Odense University Hospital; Odense Denmark
| | - Claus Klingenberg
- Paediatric Research Group; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Tromsø; Tromsø Norway
- Department of Paediatrics; University Hospital of North Norway; Tromsø Norway
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
van Herk W, Stocker M, van Rossum AMC. Recognising early onset neonatal sepsis: an essential step in appropriate antimicrobial use. J Infect 2016; 72 Suppl:S77-82. [PMID: 27222092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis and timely treatment of early onset neonatal sepsis (EOS) are essential to prevent life threatening complications. Subtle, nonspecific clinical presentation and low predictive values of biomarkers complicate early diagnosis. This uncertainty commonly results in unnecessary and prolonged empiric antibiotic treatment. Annually, approximately 395,000 neonates (7.9% of live term births) are treated for suspected EOS in the European Union, while the incidence of proven EOS varies between 0.01 and 0.53 per 1000 live births. Adherence to guidelines for the management of suspicion of EOS is poor. Pragmatic approaches to minimise overtreatment in neonates with suspected EOS, using combined stratified risk algorithms, based on maternal and perinatal risk factors, clinical characteristics of the neonate and sequential biomarkers are promising.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy van Herk
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Martin Stocker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatal and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital, 6000 Luzern 16, Switzerland.
| | - Annemarie M C van Rossum
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|